1696:
349:
626:
443:
197:
125:
216:
515:
813:
557:
818:
535:
483:
365:
However, if the major premise ("every person has a woman that is their mother") is assumed to be true, then it is valid to conclude that there is
644:
565:
382:
136:
64:
1196:
1720:
853:
695:
1007:
1615:
823:
1651:
1627:
1216:
1228:
972:
1238:
631:
It is fallacious to conclude that there is a single natural number that is the successor of every natural number.
210:
1. Every person has a woman that is their mother. Therefore, there is a woman that is the mother of every person.
1646:
1203:
1099:
344:{\displaystyle \forall x\,\exists y\,(Px\to (Wy\land M(yx)))\vdash \exists y\,\forall x\,(Px\to (Wy\land M(yx)))}
1641:
1481:
949:
785:
741:
1661:
1476:
992:
688:
1583:
1573:
1523:
1497:
1273:
1147:
1114:
1015:
997:
897:
746:
728:
1621:
1609:
1589:
1578:
1493:
1306:
1282:
1104:
1060:
912:
838:
751:
35:
process. The change in the logical nature of the statement may not be obvious when it is stated in a
1636:
1540:
1504:
1419:
1375:
1211:
1142:
932:
761:
736:
52:
24:
376:
2. Everybody has something to believe in. Therefore, there is something that everybody believes in.
1514:
1413:
1360:
1336:
1259:
1162:
1094:
1020:
833:
828:
805:
780:
28:
1699:
1632:
1446:
1331:
1316:
1263:
1223:
1172:
1109:
1068:
1045:
1025:
928:
772:
756:
681:
1518:
1355:
1345:
1321:
1298:
1254:
1180:
1132:
1090:
1050:
892:
887:
709:
651:
1668:
1509:
1408:
1350:
1288:
1083:
962:
957:
942:
907:
867:
790:
40:
36:
488:
1389:
1365:
1185:
1157:
1137:
985:
953:
937:
57:
For every A, there is a B, such that C. Therefore, there is a B, such that for every A, C.
1425:
902:
540:
1326:
1311:
1233:
1152:
1078:
718:
520:
468:
463:
1714:
1451:
1341:
1073:
1036:
980:
848:
843:
1463:
882:
1656:
1433:
1370:
664:
640:
1566:
1560:
1487:
1399:
459:. But it is entirely possible that each person believes in a unique concept.
1673:
1457:
1441:
1124:
32:
1603:
673:
1551:
621:{\displaystyle \forall n\,\exists m\,Snm\vdash \exists m\,\forall n\,Snm}
438:{\displaystyle \forall x\,\exists y\,Bxy\vdash \exists y\,\forall x\,Bxy}
192:{\displaystyle \exists y\,\forall x\,Rxy\vdash \forall x\,\exists y\,Rxy}
120:{\displaystyle \forall x\,\exists y\,Rxy\vdash \exists y\,\forall x\,Rxy}
705:
658:
677:
650:
A. R. Lacey, Dictionary of
Philosophy (Third Revised Edition) (
517:, the smallest of all natural numbers that are greater than
568:
543:
523:
491:
471:
385:
219:
139:
67:
31:
of a statement are erroneously transposed during the
1550:
1538:
1397:
1388:
1297:
1272:
1247:
1171:
1123:
1059:
1034:
1006:
971:
921:
875:
866:
804:
770:
726:
717:
667:, Dictionary of Philosophy: Revised Second Edition
620:
551:
529:
509:
477:
455:It is valid to conclude that each person believes
437:
343:
191:
119:
670:Harry J. Gensler, Historical Dictionary of Logic
814:Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise
819:Negative conclusion from affirmative premises
689:
8:
559:that is a successor to all natural numbers.
448:It is fallacious to conclude that there is
354:It is fallacious to conclude that there is
1547:
1394:
1269:
872:
723:
696:
682:
674:
608:
601:
582:
575:
567:
544:
542:
522:
490:
470:
425:
418:
399:
392:
384:
295:
288:
233:
226:
218:
179:
172:
153:
146:
138:
107:
100:
81:
74:
66:
647:(Second Edition), 1999, pp. 272–3.
537:. Therefore, there is a natural number
645:The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
7:
602:
595:
576:
569:
419:
412:
393:
386:
289:
282:
227:
220:
173:
166:
147:
140:
101:
94:
75:
68:
14:
1695:
1694:
130:However, an inverse switching:
661:, Harry J. Gensler, p. 220
1192:Correlation implies causation
452:to which everyone subscribes.
338:
335:
332:
323:
308:
305:
296:
276:
273:
270:
261:
246:
243:
234:
1:
1737:
1721:Quantificational fallacies
1616:I'm entitled to my opinion
1690:
1599:
1472:
1642:Motte-and-bailey fallacy
742:Affirming the consequent
1662:Two wrongs make a right
993:Denying the correlative
450:some particular concept
1647:Psychologist's fallacy
1584:Argument to moderation
1574:Argument from anecdote
1524:Chronological snobbery
1148:Quoting out of context
1115:Overwhelming exception
998:Suppressed correlative
898:Quoting out of context
773:quantificational logic
747:Denying the antecedent
622:
553:
531:
511:
479:
439:
345:
193:
121:
1610:The Four Great Errors
1590:Argumentum ad populum
1579:Argument from silence
1283:Argumentum ad baculum
1061:Faulty generalization
752:Argument from fallacy
623:
554:
532:
512:
510:{\displaystyle m=n+1}
480:
440:
358:who is the mother of
346:
194:
122:
1628:Invincible ignorance
1434:Reductio ad Stalinum
1420:Reductio ad Hitlerum
1376:Wisdom of repugnance
1143:Moving the goalposts
1008:Illicit transference
933:Begging the question
854:Undistributed middle
762:Mathematical fallacy
737:Affirming a disjunct
566:
541:
521:
489:
469:
383:
217:
202:is logically valid.
137:
65:
53:fallacious deduction
1361:Parade of horribles
1337:In-group favoritism
1163:Syntactic ambiguity
806:Syllogistic fallacy
729:propositional logic
552:{\displaystyle {m}}
1447:Poisoning the well
1264:Proof by assertion
1239:Texas sharpshooter
1173:Questionable cause
1110:Slothful induction
1069:Anecdotal evidence
929:Circular reasoning
824:Exclusive premises
786:Illicit conversion
652:Barnes & Noble
643:(General Editor),
618:
549:
527:
507:
475:
435:
371:any given person's
341:
189:
117:
1708:
1707:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1622:Ignoratio elenchi
1534:
1533:
1384:
1383:
1346:Not invented here
1051:Converse accident
973:Correlative-based
950:Compound question
893:False attribution
888:False equivalence
862:
861:
530:{\displaystyle n}
478:{\displaystyle n}
1728:
1698:
1697:
1669:Special pleading
1548:
1409:Appeal to motive
1395:
1371:Stirring symbols
1351:Island mentality
1289:Wishful thinking
1270:
986:Perfect solution
963:No true Scotsman
958:Complex question
943:Leading question
922:Question-begging
908:No true Scotsman
873:
796:Quantifier shift
791:Proof by example
724:
698:
691:
684:
675:
657:Introduction to
627:
625:
624:
619:
558:
556:
555:
550:
548:
536:
534:
533:
528:
516:
514:
513:
508:
485:has a successor
484:
482:
481:
476:
444:
442:
441:
436:
350:
348:
347:
342:
198:
196:
195:
190:
126:
124:
123:
118:
37:natural language
21:quantifier shift
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1678:
1652:Rationalization
1595:
1542:
1530:
1468:
1390:Genetic fallacy
1380:
1293:
1268:
1243:
1167:
1158:Sorites paradox
1138:False precision
1119:
1100:Double counting
1055:
1030:
1002:
967:
954:Loaded question
938:Loaded language
917:
858:
800:
766:
713:
702:
637:
564:
563:
539:
538:
519:
518:
487:
486:
467:
466:
457:a given concept
381:
380:
215:
214:
208:
135:
134:
63:
62:
49:
25:logical fallacy
17:
16:Logical fallacy
12:
11:
5:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1491:
1484:
1482:Accomplishment
1473:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1234:Slippery slope
1231:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:Slippery slope
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1079:Cherry picking
1071:
1065:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
989:
988:
977:
975:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
947:
946:
945:
935:
925:
923:
919:
918:
916:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
870:
864:
863:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
810:
808:
802:
801:
799:
798:
793:
788:
783:
777:
775:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
733:
731:
721:
715:
714:
703:
701:
700:
693:
686:
678:
672:
671:
668:
665:Antony G. Flew
662:
655:
648:
636:
633:
629:
628:
617:
614:
611:
607:
604:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
581:
578:
574:
571:
547:
526:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
474:
464:natural number
446:
445:
434:
431:
428:
424:
421:
417:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
398:
395:
391:
388:
352:
351:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
294:
291:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
232:
229:
225:
222:
207:
204:
200:
199:
188:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:
128:
127:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70:
48:
45:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1733:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1537:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1342:Invented here
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1105:False analogy
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1074:Sampling bias
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1037:Secundum quid
1033:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
994:
991:
987:
984:
983:
982:
981:False dilemma
979:
978:
976:
974:
970:
964:
961:
959:
955:
951:
948:
944:
941:
940:
939:
936:
934:
930:
927:
926:
924:
920:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
880:
878:
874:
871:
869:
865:
855:
852:
850:
849:Illicit minor
847:
845:
844:Illicit major
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
809:
807:
803:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
774:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
732:
730:
725:
722:
720:
716:
711:
707:
699:
694:
692:
687:
685:
680:
679:
676:
669:
666:
663:
660:
656:
653:
649:
646:
642:
639:
638:
634:
632:
615:
612:
609:
605:
598:
592:
589:
586:
583:
579:
572:
562:
561:
560:
545:
524:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
472:
465:
460:
458:
453:
451:
432:
429:
426:
422:
415:
409:
406:
403:
400:
396:
389:
379:
378:
377:
374:
372:
369:woman who is
368:
363:
361:
357:
329:
326:
320:
317:
314:
311:
302:
299:
292:
285:
279:
267:
264:
258:
255:
252:
249:
240:
237:
230:
223:
213:
212:
211:
205:
203:
186:
183:
180:
176:
169:
163:
160:
157:
154:
150:
143:
133:
132:
131:
114:
111:
108:
104:
97:
91:
88:
85:
82:
78:
71:
61:
60:
59:
58:
54:
46:
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
27:in which the
26:
22:
1637:Naturalistic
1620:
1608:
1588:
1559:
1543:of relevance
1486:
1464:Whataboutism
1456:
1432:
1426:Godwin's law
1418:
1398:
1281:
1274:Consequences
1255:Law/Legality
1229:Single cause
1202:
1195:
1035:
903:Loki's Wager
883:Equivocation
876:Equivocation
795:
630:
461:
456:
454:
449:
447:
375:
370:
366:
364:
359:
355:
353:
209:
201:
129:
56:
50:
20:
18:
1657:Red herring
1414:Association
1095:Conjunction
1016:Composition
913:Reification
829:Existential
781:Existential
641:Robert Audi
29:quantifiers
1633:Moralistic
1567:Sealioning
1561:Ad nauseam
1488:Ipse dixit
1400:Ad hominem
1224:Regression
1026:Ecological
839:Four terms
757:Masked man
635:References
360:all people
47:Definition
1674:Straw man
1552:Arguments
1541:fallacies
1515:Tradition
1505:Etymology
1477:Authority
1458:Tu quoque
1442:Bulverism
1212:Gambler's
1181:Animistic
1125:Ambiguity
1091:Base rate
834:Necessity
706:fallacies
603:∀
596:∃
593:⊢
577:∃
570:∀
462:3. Every
420:∀
413:∃
410:⊢
394:∃
387:∀
356:one woman
318:∧
306:→
290:∀
283:∃
280:⊢
256:∧
244:→
228:∃
221:∀
174:∃
167:∀
164:⊢
148:∀
141:∃
102:∀
95:∃
92:⊢
76:∃
69:∀
55:is that:
33:rewriting
1715:Category
1700:Category
1332:Ridicule
1317:Flattery
1307:Children
1204:Post hoc
1084:McNamara
1046:Accident
1021:Division
868:Informal
654:, 1996).
373:mother.
206:Examples
1519:Novelty
1494:Poverty
1356:Loyalty
1322:Novelty
1299:Emotion
1248:Appeals
1217:Inverse
1197:Cum hoc
1186:Furtive
704:Common
41:English
1604:Cliché
1539:Other
1510:Nature
1498:Wealth
1133:Accent
719:Formal
1366:Spite
1260:Stone
659:Logic
39:like
23:is a
1452:Tone
1327:Pity
1312:Fear
710:list
367:some
51:The
771:In
727:In
1717::
1635:/
1517:/
1496:/
1344:/
1262:/
1093:/
956:/
952:/
931:/
362:.
43:.
19:A
712:)
708:(
697:e
690:t
683:v
616:m
613:n
610:S
606:n
599:m
590:m
587:n
584:S
580:m
573:n
546:m
525:n
505:1
502:+
499:n
496:=
493:m
473:n
433:y
430:x
427:B
423:x
416:y
407:y
404:x
401:B
397:y
390:x
339:)
336:)
333:)
330:x
327:y
324:(
321:M
315:y
312:W
309:(
303:x
300:P
297:(
293:x
286:y
277:)
274:)
271:)
268:x
265:y
262:(
259:M
253:y
250:W
247:(
241:x
238:P
235:(
231:y
224:x
187:y
184:x
181:R
177:y
170:x
161:y
158:x
155:R
151:x
144:y
115:y
112:x
109:R
105:x
98:y
89:y
86:x
83:R
79:y
72:x
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