568:
1679:
2921:
999:
1617:
1666:
2420:, Nguyễn Quang Duy (阮光維), Nguyễn Quang Thiệu (阮光紹) and Nguyễn Quang Bàn (阮光盤), were captured alive. Nguyễn Quang Thùy committed suicide; the others were executed by having their bodies dismembered by having five elephants pull the limbs and head (五象分屍). The tombs of Nguyễn Nhạc and Nguyễn Huệ were razed to the ground, their remains were dug out and crushed into ashes. The skulls of Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ and Huệ's wife, were locked up in prison in perpetuity. It was said that Nguyễn Huệ had desecrated the tombs of Nguyễn lords before, Nguyễn Ánh did that to "revenge for the ancestors".
3012:
1597:
1132:
2128:
2448:
770:, the powerful official Trương Phúc Loan began to arrogate to himself control over the Nguyễn government. For the purpose of resisting against the excessive power of Trương Phúc Loan and coming to the assistance of Prince Nguyễn Phúc Dương, the Tây Sơn Brothers gathered an army and revolted against the government of the Nguyễn Lords. The rebel army of the Tây Sơn quickly occupied the central part of Nguyễn's territory covering from
1545:, over half number of Chinese soldiers died in the battle. Sun Shiyi, the commander-in-chief of Chinese army, abandoned his army, fled for his life back to China with several soldiers. Lê Chiêu Tông also fled to China. Huệ marched into Thăng Long, his clothes was blackened by gunpowder. Tây Sơn army marched further north after the battle; they reached Lạng Sơn, and threatened to march across the border to arrest Lê Chiêu Thống.
42:
2460:
946:
515:
1435:, Sun announced that there was a very large number of Qing army, in order to threaten Tây Sơn soldiers. Chinese marched south swiftly. Realizing Tây Sơn army could not stop Chinese army from marching to Thăng Long, Ngô Văn Sở accepted Ngô Thì Nhậm's idea, abandoned Thăng Long and retreated to Tam Điệp orderly. In Tam Điệp, Ngô Văn Sở sent Nguyễn Văn Tuyết to Phú Xuân to ask for aid.
750:
1352:
3506:
1034:, only a small army was left in Gia Định. Nguyễn Ánh returned and occupied Gia Định in the next year. With the help of de Behaine, Ánh made Western weapons, recruited Western adventurers, proclaiming the restoration of Nguyễn lords' regime. In 1782, a Tây Sơn army under Nguyễn Nhạc and Nguyễn Huệ reoccupied Gia Định. Nguyễn Ánh had to flee to
2262:(鄭一) were granted official positions and/or noble ranks under the Tây Sơn empire. With the support of Tây Sơn dynasty, the number of Chinese pirates grew rapidly, they were able to block sea routes, and harassed the coastlines of China. The attack on China never materialized by the time that Quang Trung died in 1792.
1652:
to celebrate the
Qianlong Emperor's 80th birthday. For the Qianlong Emperor, the motivation for accepting the arrangement was to retain the Qing's supremacy and stabilize their southern border. Chinese and Vietnamese sources agreed that Nguyễn sent an imposter with a delegation to Beijing, where they
1217:
did not want to take northern
Vietnam; he sent an envoy to Phú Xuân to prevent Huệ from marching north, but Huệ had left. Then he got the message that Huệ had captured Thăng Long, and realized that Huệ was hard to be controlled. Nhạc led 2500 men and marched north to meet with Huệ and the Lê emperor.
862:
Fearing a war on two fronts, Nguyễn Nhạc sent Hoàng Ngũ Phúc a proposal that if the Trịnh lords recognized the Tây Sơn Rebel Army, the Tây Sơn would help the Trịnh lords fight against the Nguyễn Lords. The proposal was accepted, and Nguyễn Nhạc was made an official of the Trịnh lords. Nhac also made
1443:
and proclaimed himself
Emperor Quang Trung, in effect abolishing the Lê dynasty. After the coronation, he marched north with 60,000 soldiers. He recruited volunteers in Nghệ An Province, now the number of his soldiers reached 100,000. In Thọ Hạc (Thanh Hóa), he made an invigorating speech before his
686:
Later, Trương Văn Hiến encouraged Nguyễn Nhạc to revolt against Nguyễn lords: "The prophecy says: 'Revolt in the West, success in the North'. You are born in Tây Sơn
District, you must do your best." Nguyễn Nhạc then gathered people to help him in his rebellion, saying to "overthrow the Trịnh lords,
1514:
Nguyễn Huệ made a surprise and fast attack against
Chinese forces during the New Year holiday. They reached Thăng Long in the night of 3 January of the next lunar year (28 January 1789). In the fierce 4-day battle, most of Chinese soldiers were unprepared, they were disastrously defeated by the Tây
1167:
came to Phú Xuân, and said to Cầu that he should set up an altar to pray for himself. Cầu was persuaded; he built an altar, ordered his soldiers to serve him day and night, making his soldiers very tired. Take this opportunity, Huệ launched a raid on Trịnh army. Hoàng Đình Thể was killed in action.
869:
Tống Phước Hiệp, who had been deceived by Nguyễn Nhạc peaceful overtures, did not pay much attention to Nhạc's activities. He did not prepare for either defending or attacking. Nhạc made use of Hiệp's inactivity, and sent troops led by his brother Nguyễn Huệ against him. The Tây Sơn troops swiftly
1110:
The Tây Sơn reinforcements led by Nguyễn Huệ reached Gia Định in 1785. Huệ sent an envoy to
Siamese army under a banner of truce. Huệ showed fear deliberately, requested Siamese not to support Nguyễn Ánh. It proved that it was an excellent stratagem; Thepharirak was taken in. On the morning of 20
870:
defeated the unprepared troops of the Nguyễn Lords and inflicted heavy losses upon them. Tống Phước Hiệp and his troops fled to Van Phong. It was the first great victory achieved by Huệ. Nhạc sent news of the victory to Hoàng Ngũ Phúc. On Phúc's request, the Trinh rewarded Nhạc with a new office.
2214:
in final years of Lê dynasty. Quang Trung wrote a letter to Fuk'anggan, required him to return this territory. Fuk'anggan rejected, and replied the border had been delimited. Quang Trung was resentful, from then on, he began to train his soldiers and build many large warships, planning to invade
1265:
surrendered to Huệ. Nhạc climbed onto the city wall, and shouted to Huệ: "How can you use the pot of skin to cook meat like that?" It is an old custom, if hunters seized a prey in the jungle without a pot, they would flay it and use its skin to cook meat. Using this metaphor, Nhạc indicated that
1678:
878:
Because the troops of the Trịnh Lords lacked familiarity with the southern country, Hoàng Ngũ Phúc withdrew the troops to the north. En route, he died of natural causes. Phúc's death marked the end of the Trịnh Lords' interventions in the south. While the army of the Trịnh Lords withdrew to
2118:
A religious reform was carried out during his reign. Many small
Buddhist monasteries were closed and merged into larger ones. Monks had to pass an examination, otherwise, they would be ordered to return to secular life. Quang Trung also adopted a policy of religious tolerance. His religious
496:
Nguyễn Huệ's death marked the beginning of the downfall of the Tây Sơn dynasty. His successors were unable to implement the plans he had made for ruling
Vietnam, leaving the empire weak and vulnerable. The Tây Sơn dynasty was overthrown by its enemy, Nguyễn Ánh, who established the imperial
2392:(忠純 lit. "loyalty and sincerity"). He also composed a funeral oration for Quang Trung. In the oration, the Qianlong Emperor wrote: "(You have) blessed (me) and pledged loyalty (to me) in the southernmost, (so I) approved you to attend (my) imperial court; (now you) lie at rest beside the
654:
described Nguyễn Huệ as "a cunning man, good at fighting; he has bright penetrating eyes, and always speak in a stentorian voice, everyone fears him." His father, Nguyễn Phi Phúc, made the three brothers dedicate themselves to their studies early in life. Their martial arts master was
1447:
Huệ arrived in Tam Điệp on Lunar 20 December (15 January 1789). In there, Huệ gathered together the whole forces, and divided them into five branches: main force led by Huệ, marched north to attack Thăng Long directly; a navy led by Nguyễn Văn Tuyết (Commander Tuyết), sailed from
2396:, (you are) nostalgic for (the good old days in) my palace till death." (祝釐南極効忠特獎其趨朝 妥魄西湖沒世無忘於戀闕). The oration was engraved on a stone, and erected beside his fake tomb. A Chinese official was sent to Linh Đường to pay condolences, and granted Nguyễn Quang Toản the title
2408:
However, Nguyễn Quang Toản (now crowned the
Emperor Cảnh Thịnh) did not continue his father's policies. The identity card system was abolished, and the capital remained in Phú Xuân. High ministers and generals struggled for power, which led to the decline of his empire.
706:. In the early days of the rebellion, Huệ was the most helpful of Nhạc's generals both in finance and in training the army; with the encouragement of Trương Văn Hiến and his own talent, Huệ rapidly increased his own popularity and that of the Tây Sơn Rebellion.
1298:
was banished from Thăng Long, Chỉnh became the new regent just like Trịnh lords before. After learning about actions of Chỉnh, an army under Vũ Văn Nhậm was sent by Huệ to attack Thăng Long. Chỉnh was swiftly defeated and fled together with Lê Chiêu Thống.
2888:
3086:
2947:
2979:
1438:
Nguyễn Huệ knew the situation on Lunar 24 November (21 December 1788), cursing the invaders. Huệ declared that Lê Chiêu Thống was a national traitor and not qualified for the throne. In the next day, Nguyễn Huệ erected an altar on a hill south of
1576:. They adopted Qing clothing and adopt the queue hairstyle, effectively becoming naturalized subjects of the Qing dynasty affording them protection against Vietnamese demands for extradition. Some Lê loyalists were also sent to Central Asia in
2388:: "I followed my father's will, buried him in Linh Đường instead of his birthland because he was reluctant to leave your palace, and Linh Đường was nearer to your palace." The Qianlong Emperor praised Quang Trung, gave him the posthumous name
886:
Having gained a lot of new rich land without facing much opposition, the Tây Sơn army grew stronger. Nhạc had a desire to expand Tây Sơn's authority. He sent a large army led by his youngest brother Nguyễn Lữ to launch a sudden attack against
820:, the governmental capital of the Nguyễn Lords. The government of the Nguyễn Lords feared the beginning of an unmanageable war on two fronts. Officials of the government arrested Trương Phúc Loan and gave him up to the troops of the
844:. Early in 1775, the army of the Trịnh Lords marched on Quảng Nam at the same time as the Tây Sơn troops reached Quảng Nam. Tây Sơn troops searched for and then captured Nguyễn Phúc Dương. The army of the Trịnh Lords crossed the
863:
peace with the Nguyễn lords, causing Tống Phước Hiệp to take off the pressure, and deluded Prince Nguyễn Phúc Dương. His diplomacy provisionally made Tây Sơn's enemies inactive and bought him valuable time to shore up his army.
567:
2332:
as "an old man who is resigned to the present state of affairs". His will instructed that he be buried within a month; all ministers and generals should be united as one to assist the Crown Prince; and move the capital to
1644:
pincer attack and prevent further
Chinese attempts to restore the Lê dynasty. Nguyễn Huệ sent a ritually submissive request to the Qianlong Emperor under the name of Nguyễn Quang Bình (also referred to as Ruan Guangping).
1636:. Fuk'anggan did not want a conflict with Nguyễn Huệ and he sent a letter to Huệ in which he expressed that a necessary prerequisite for a cease-fire was an apology of Huệ to the emperor. Nguyễn Huệ sought to restore the
2377:(武皇帝) from his successor, Nguyễn Quang Toản. Getting the information, Nguyễn Nhạc prepared to attend his funeral, however, the road was blocked by Toản. Nhạc had to return, and sent a sister to attend the funeral.
835:
Seizing the opportunity, Nguyễn Nhạc led an army (with naval support from Chinese pirates) against Nguyễn lords. Once again, the Nguyễn Lord Nguyễn Phúc Thuần fled, this time by sea to Gia Dinh, accompanied by
2186:
were brought to Vietnam as booty of war, then handed over to Qing China as tribute, Quang Trung did it to show power to China. Quang Trung also requested for exemption from customs duties, and established a
765:
After 200 years of holding power in southern Vietnam, the government of the Nguyễn Lords had become progressively weaker, due to its poor leadership and internal conflicts. Following the death of Lord
866:
Recognizing that the temporary ceasefire was unlikely to endure, Nguyễn Nhạc retrained the rebel army, recruited new soldiers, fortified Đồ Bàn fortress, and built new bases, preparing for an attack.
489:
After several years of constant military campaigning and rule, Nguyễn Huệ died at the age of 40. Prior to his death, he had made plans to continue his march southwards in order to destroy the army of
2273:, and demanded that Liangguang should be ceded to Vietnam as dowry. He knew the Qianlong Emperor would not accept his unreasonable demand; he just wanted an excuse of war. But finally, the messager
1648:
In 1789, the Qianlong Emperor agreed to re-establish the tributary relationship and enfeoff Nguyễn as the king of Annam on the condition that Nguyễn personally lead a special delegation to
2119:
toleration won him the support of the growing Christian community and his campaign of the common people against the traditional elites won him the admiration of the peasant majority.
903:
rose against him in Đông Sơn. The loyalist army attacked and forced Tây Sơn's troops to withdraw from Saigon. Before withdrawing, Lữ seized the local foodstores and took them back to
2219:. It was said that Quang Trung looked down upon the Qianlong Emperor. He said to his ministers that if given more time to train soldiers, he was not afraid to conflict with China.
1010:
led an army marched further south. They captured Saigon, destroyed Nguyễn lords' army successfully. Most members of Nguyễn royal family killed or executed in this campaign, except
1257:
But the military might of Huệ was stronger than Nhạc. Huệ besieged Quy Nhơn for several months. The main forces of Gia Định was called back to support Nhạc, but was defeated in
1195:
in the next day; he said he marched north to overthrow of Trịnh lords, and did not have any other intentions. Huệ was warmly welcomed by Lê Hiển Tông, and received the position
2996:
2787:
1511:) was generally celebrated on the same day, Chinese generals assumed that Tây Sơn army would not attack in these days. However, subsequent events proved that they were wrong.
1211:
was enthroned by Huệ. Although he had not been proclaimed as an Emperor at all, Nguyễn Huệ was respected by citizens of Thăng Long as the way an Emperor would be treated.
3608:
587:, who was a servant of the Dinh family of Bằng Chân hamlet, Tuy Viễn district (or An Nhơn), Quy Nhơn province, married a woman from the Dinh family and had a son named
2991:
2174:
fled, Tây Sơn marched west till the border of Siam. The victorious army attacked Bảo Lộc, captured Lê Duy Chỉ, Nùng Phúc Tấn, Hoàng Văn Đồng, and had them executed.
2527:
1318:, reported it to Huệ. Huệ led an army marched north, and launched a night raid. Sở and Lân opened the gate to let them in. Huệ captured Nhậm and had him executed.
1516:
1346:
2324:. He was depressed, and soon became critically ill. On his deathbed, Quang Trung was worried about the future of Tây Sơn dynasty. He described the Crown Prince
2285:
Quang Trung suddenly fell ill. The official records did not mention about what disease he got. Temporary historians stated that his death was possibly due to a
2112:
998:
3405:
3307:
1616:
579:. They left Nghệ An and moved to southern Vietnam after an attack by the Nguyễn lords against the Trịnh lords in Nghệ An. His ancestors' surname was Hồ (
1123:
ended with a near annihilation of the Siamese fleet, all the ships of the Siamese navy were destroyed. Thepharirak and Nguyễn Ánh fled back to Bangkok.
1120:
935:
2685:
Nguyễn Huệ, formed peasant armies to help him wage war against the Trịnh. Thus, the movement that had begun in Qui Nhơn came to engulf all of Vietnam."
824:. The Trịnh lords, however, continued attacking Phú Xuân under the pretext of helping the Nguyễn Lords suppress the Tây Sơn rebellion. The Nguyễn Lord
3598:
3400:
3302:
2088:
Quang Trung introduced the identity card system to govern the large population. A census was conducted during his reign. Every adult male was granted
2222:
Nguyễn Huệ was resentful, trained his army, built large warships and waited for an opportunity to take revenge on China. He also provided refuge to
2799:
1226:, and persuaded Huệ to leave Chỉnh in northern Vietnam. Huệ led his army back to Phú Xuân secretly. Chỉnh abandoned all his property, and came to
3623:
3618:
1507:
festival, and planned to march further south to capture Phú Xuân on 6 January of the next lunar year (31 January 1789). As Vietnamese New Year (
1175:. Huệ took his advice, marched further north without Nguyễn Nhạc's order. Tây Sơn army easily defeated several Trịnh troops. When they reached
458:, reigning from 1788 until 1792. He was also one of the most successful military commanders in Vietnam's history. Nguyễn Huệ and his brothers,
1099:. However, they met a stubborn resistance from Tây Sơn army, and could not capture any important places. Unable to repulse the enemy, general
3278:
1365:
never abandoned his attempt to regain the throne. He hid in Bảo Lộc Mountain; in there, he had a plan to fight against Tây Sơn. His mother,
1049:
to request for aid. In 1783, Nguyễn Ánh and his supporters retreated to Siam with Siamese army. In Bangkok, Ánh was warmly welcomed by king
1060:
was dispatched to attack and recapture Saigon for Nguyễn Ánh. Ánh and his supporters were also allowed to accompany with the Siamese army.
1302:
Chỉnh was found and executed, but Nhậm could not find Lê Chiêu Thống. In order to gain popularity among Northern Vietnamese, Nhậm install
1230:
to join Tây Sơn army. Nguyễn Nhạc did not have the heart to abandon him again; Chỉnh was left in Nghệ An together with a Tây Sơn general,
2661:
1657:("King of Annam"). The title indicated that Huệ was recognized as the legal ruler of Vietnam and Lê Chiêu Thống was no longer supported.
1254:
was given as his fief. But not long after, he came into conflict with Nguyễn Nhạc. Nhạc attacked on Huệ at first, a civil war broke out.
1218:
In Thăng Long, Nhạc promised that he would not take any territory of Lê emperor. Then Nhạc retreated from Thăng Long together with Huệ.
3434:
883:, Tây Sơn moved quickly in sending its troops to take over the abandoned territory and to suppress elements loyal to the Nguyễn Lords.
3603:
3142:
2694:
3486:
3244:
3132:
985:
554:
3420:
3081:
2974:
2942:
2883:
2782:
2725:
624:
2289:. Legend had it that he died actually because he was punished by spirits of dead Nguyễn lords whose tombs he seriously insulted.
2235:
1485:
3202:
3187:
777:
In 1774, the government of the Nguyễn lords sent a large army led by general Tống Phước Hiệp against the Tây Sơn rebels. From
3613:
967:
841:
695:
536:
2353:
1665:
1223:
1148:
3510:
3628:
1069:
825:
2482:
2452:
1783:
was not mentioned in official records, but we could find several names of official positions in history records, such as
1653:
were received with lavish imperial favors. The Qianlong Emperor approved the proposal and bestowed Nguyễn with the title
619:
111:
1104:
963:
656:
532:
2488:
Most cities in Vietnam, regardless of the political orientation of the government, have named major streets after him.
3560:
1457:
1279:
767:
49:
32:
3378:
2840:
2325:
2313:
1702:
1493:
1262:
782:
668:
185:
95:
1686:
Once in power, Emperor Quang Trung first began instituting massive and unprecedented national reforms in Vietnam.
956:
837:
525:
3270:
3008:
2917:
2903:
149:
2417:
2380:
The plan to invade China was given up. Nguyễn Quang Toản built a fake tomb in Linh Đường (苓塘, a place in modern
1275:
1266:
brothers should not fight with each other. Huệ was moved to tears, and decided to retreat. Taking the advice of
1100:
813:
691:
676:
206:
3236:
3106:
2293:
2167:
2115:. Though this policy was criticized at that time, modern scholars stated that it had progressive significance.
1717:
1596:
1553:
1362:
1291:
1270:, Huệ decided to reach a peace agreement Nhạc. The two brothers chose Bến Bản as a boundary; the area north to
1208:
726:
153:
2500:
2467:
Nguyễn Huệ was regarded as the national savior of Vietnam and one of the most popular figures in the country.
1535:
were killed in action. Many Chinese soldiers and porters were killed in action, or drowned while crossing the
1116:
737:. The rebels became famous for their policy: "fair, no corruption, only looting the rich, and help the poor" (
3374:
3343:
2729:
1356:
1042:
900:
2199:
2140:
1926:("army of the right"). Tây Sơn army was recruited by enforced conscription. Chose one in three adult males (
1041:
In Phú Quốc, Nguyễn supporters suffered from Tây Sơn's frequent attacks and lacked food and drinking water.
471:
2345:
2198:
There was a territorial dispute near Sino-Vietnamese border. Vietnamese claimed this territory belonged to
1730:
1449:
1334:
1192:
1131:
809:
714:
3137:. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 3 Southeast Asia (reprint, revised ed.). BRILL. p. 309.
2424:
1057:
812:
southwards with the same purpose as that of the Tây Sơn rebel army, namely to help the Nguyễn Lords fight
2203:
2144:
1417:
1366:
680:
629:
467:
3101:
1694:
1541:
1290:
During Nguyễn Huệ's absence, northern Vietnam fell into chaos again. The regime of Trịnh lord restored.
1219:
1204:
1144:
1061:
622:). His father had eight children; later, three of them took part in the Tây Sơn Rebellion. According to
195:
157:
3524:
3203:"After Minh Mang reigned Nguyen Dynasty, why he deported Le royal descendants to the Southern Vietnam?"
2381:
2127:
1780:
1713:
1689:
Though Quang Trung entitled as "king of Annam" by Qing China, he always regarded himself as emperor of
1605:
455:
353:
2870:
2713:
2492:
2329:
2265:
In 1792, Quang Trung decided to invade China. There was evidence that he had the intention to conquer
1481:
1322:
1311:
1214:
899:. His success was short-lived, however, when an army loyal to the Nguyễn Lords and led by a man named
754:
699:
633:
459:
190:
85:
3593:
3588:
3029:
2515:
2508:
2159:
1690:
1641:
1330:
1326:
852:
664:
640:, Nguyễn Huệ. However, other source reported that Nguyễn Lữ was the youngest one. His birth name was
611:, the family followed the surname of Huệ's mother; other sources say that it followed the surname of
600:
596:
223:
139:
119:
2439:(西賊 "Bandit Tây") in Nguyễn official records to highlight the supposed illegitimacy of the dynasty.
2247:
2155:
1528:
1524:
1469:
1453:
1251:
1231:
1160:
1135:
A royal edict of Quang Trung in 1790 on translating classical Chinese texts into Vietnamese script (
1023:
845:
730:
718:
709:
Due to its popularity, the Tây Sơn army grew strong and attracted many talented generals, including
3570:
2274:
2170:
conquered Muang Phuan and executed their chiefs. Then, the army invaded Kingdom of Vientiane; king
2151:
1978:
1565:
1549:
1295:
1180:
911:
432:
409:
386:
3361:
2709:
2428:
2251:
1709:
1321:
Huệ led his army back to Phú Xuân. Lê Duy Cận remained in his position; Ngô Văn Sở, Phan Văn Lân,
1156:
734:
710:
498:
3553:
3328:
2656:
2613:
1461:
1444:
soldiers. Soldiers replied a great shout of approval. They were encouraged, and marched quickly.
1267:
1027:
1007:
758:
703:
637:
604:
588:
584:
463:
2471:
2136:
1721:
1315:
1056:
The Siamese army moved towards southern Vietnam in 1784. A fleet with twenty thousand men under
722:
591:, Huệ's grandfather. Hồ Phi Tiễn did not continue farming as his father, but instead traded in
3321:"Maritime violence and state formation in Vietnam: Piracy and the Tay Son Rebellion, 1771–1802"
2666:
2413:
2309:
1477:
1303:
1271:
1011:
798:
672:
490:
3482:
3274:
3240:
3228:
3138:
3134:
China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia
2393:
2259:
1561:
170:
1745:
1741:
1112:
880:
805:
612:
479:
2385:
2111:
as the official written language of the country. Examinees were ordered to write chữ Nôm in
1625:
1601:
1536:
1504:
1382:
919:
781:, the troops marched to northern central Vietnam, and after several battles they recaptured
2321:
1432:
1076:
1035:
1015:
888:
821:
786:
778:
483:
115:
3284:
2741:
In Vietnamese: Khâm Định Việt Sử thông Giám Khương Mục, Quốc sử quán triều Nguyễn, p. 294
2447:
2371:
2049:
2035:
1752:("town"): Sơn Nam Thượng (山南上 "Upper Sơn Nam") and Sơn Nam Hạ (山南下 "Lower Sơn Nam"). Each
1670:
1637:
1409:
309:
1465:
1172:
1084:
2108:
2104:
1136:
1080:
451:
437:
414:
391:
2297:
2223:
1887:
1440:
1294:
could not control the situation, he asked for assistance from Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh. Though
1152:
896:
817:
135:
75:
3460:
1111:
January 1785, Siamese fleet was surrounded in Rạch Gầm River and Xoài Mút River (near
829:
41:
3582:
3320:
2341:
2239:
1737:
1633:
1421:
1389:
China decided to restore Lê Chiêu Thống to the throne, though under Qing protection.
1378:
1188:
1176:
1164:
702:, gathered an army and revolted in 1771. He was aided by his brothers Nguyễn Huệ and
679:, Trương Văn Hiến fled to Bình Định. He was first man to discover the talents of the
607:(胡丕福, also known as Nguyễn Phi Phúc). Some sources say that in taking on the surname
475:
1972:
as tax. Publicly owned farmland divided into three scales: the first scale paid 150
1564:, while lower ranking loyalists were sent to cultivate government land and join the
1258:
1019:
856:
828:
and his officials initially attempted to resist the attack, but ended up fleeing to
794:
3435:"Planning the statue of the National Ancestor Hùng king and famous national heroes"
2179:
2097:
1386:
1184:
1965:(老饒), over 61 years old. Different scales had different tax collection standards.
1497:
1227:
1096:
1088:
576:
1053:. Rama I promised that Siamese would help Nguyễn Ánh to retake his lost kingdom.
922:
as his capital, renamed it Thành Hoàng Đế (Imperial City). He gave Huệ the title
575:
According to multiple sources, Nguyễn Huệ's ancestors were peasants who lived in
71:
2459:
2364:
2317:
2266:
2231:
2163:
2093:
1556:
and high ranking Lê loyalists fled Vietnam for asylum in Qing China and went to
1031:
945:
904:
790:
771:
514:
336:
328:
320:
3119:
The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History
2337:
as soon as possible. If not, one day all of them will be killed by Nguyễn Ánh.
1998:. Privately owned farmland also divided into three scales: the first scale, 40
608:
2817:
Les Espagnols dans l’Empire d’Annam, Spanish Catholic Priest Diego de Jumilla.
2243:
2216:
1532:
1520:
1489:
1473:
1405:
1397:
1374:
64:
3325:
Persistent Piracy: Maritime Violence and State-Formation in Global Historical
1580:. Modern descendants of the Lê monarch can be traced to southern Vietnam and
1183:
came to the battlefield to fight against Tây Sơn army. Tây Sơn army attacked
739:
công bằng, không tham nhũng, và chỉ cướp của của người giàu, giúp người nghèo
2255:
2227:
2175:
2171:
1629:
1560:. Lê Chiêu Thống was appointed a Chinese mandarin of the fourth rank in the
1408:, as the main force, marched across the South Suppressing Pass (present day
1401:
891:(now called Ho Chi Minh City) by sea. Lữ's raid was successful: he occupied
3288:
2416:
in 1802 after a ten years long war. Quang Trung's sons: Nguyễn Quang Toản,
1934:
1933:
Adult males of the whole country divided into three scales to pay taxes in
1159:, was a venal and superstitious coward, he was at odds with his assistant,
1075:
Siamese troops defeated Tây Sơn army and captured several places including
749:
3505:
2600:
2595:) in Siamese royal records; these two words derived from Vietnamese words
2308:) together with high ministers. At this time, he got the information that
1351:
251:
3172:
2841:
Lịch Sử Việt Nam: Từ Thượng Cổ Đến Thời Hiện Đại: Nhà Tây Sơn (1771–1802)
2608:
respectively. Actually, Siamese confused him with his brother Nguyễn Lữ.
2356:, a culture researcher, believed that it was located at Bình An Village,
2183:
1942:
1585:
1573:
1370:
1207:, a daughter of the Lê Emperor. The old emperor died several days later.
1092:
1065:
774:
to Bình Thuận, thereby weakening the authority of the Nguyễn government.
2357:
1508:
2597:
2511:
2211:
2192:
1649:
1609:
1569:
1557:
1046:
970: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
618:
Nguyễn Huệ was born in 1753 in Tây Sơn village, Quy Nhơn Province (now
539: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
348:
580:
317:
301:
298:
284:
281:
278:
272:
269:
266:
260:
257:
248:
3157:
2286:
1581:
1577:
1413:
1072:, recruited five thousand soldiers to accompany with Siamese troops.
1050:
892:
2871:
Việt Nam Sử Lược PHẦN IV: Tự Chủ Thời-Đại Thời Kỳ Nam Bắc Phân Tranh
1143:
Northern Vietnam fell into chaos in 1786. An army under Nguyễn Huệ,
2096:. If anyone did not have the wooden card, he would be arrested and
2458:
2446:
2270:
2126:
1969:
1677:
1664:
1615:
1595:
1350:
1282:
belonged to Nhạc. From then on, they ceased fire with each other.
1130:
997:
748:
592:
566:
2843:
Vietnam Ministry of culture and information. Accessed 16-11-2007
1171:
After the capture of Phú Xuân, Chỉnh encouraged Huệ to overthrow
2305:
2207:
2148:
1725:
1392:
Two Chinese armies invaded Vietnam in October of the lunar year
474:. As rebels, they conquered Vietnam, overthrowing the imperial
599:(阮氏仝), the only daughter of a rich betel tradesman residing in
1772:(分知), the civil official, took charge of judicial litigation;
1091:, Mân Thít (or Mang thít, Man Thiết), and controlled Hà Tiên,
939:
508:
1776:(分率), the military official, took charge of army provisions.
1674:(光中通寶), A coin issued during the reign of Emperor Quang Trung
793:). The rebel army of the Tây Sơn now only held the land from
1503:
Meanwhile, Chinese soldiers were preparing to celebrate the
3323:. In Amirel, S.; Müller, L.; Amirell, Stefan Eklöf (eds.).
1906:(隊). Quang Trung organized the army into five major wings:
1068:, and manoeuvred the Cambodian army. The Cambodian regent,
2092:(信牌), a wooden card on which was his name, birthplace and
1720:
to build a new citadel at the foot of Kỳ Lân Hill (modern
1712:, Quang Trung decided to relocate the imperial capital in
816:. The northern troops were unobstructed in their march to
675:. After Trương Văn Hạnh killed by the powerful chancellor
16:
2nd emperor of the Tây Sơn dynasty of Vietnam (r. 1788–92)
910:
In 1776, Nguyễn Nhạc proclaimed himself King of Tây Sơn (
3229:"Chapter Seven: The Pirate Crisis and Foreign Diplomacy"
2679:
Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past
2348:
stated that Quang Trung was buried in Đan Dương Palace (
895:
and forced the Nguyễn Lord and his followers to flee to
808:, sent a massive army of 30,000 soldiers led by general
1428:); the two armies aimed to attack Thăng Long directly.
1250:(北平王 "King of Northern Conquering"), the area north to
1460:(Commander Lộc), sailed from Lục Đầu River to attack
1246:(中央皇帝 "the Central Emperor"). Huệ received the title
2277:(武招遠) did not set out because Quang Trung fell ill.
1242:
In the same year, Nguyễn Nhạc proclaimed himself as
3441:. Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam)
2662:
Dã sử lược biên Đại Việt quốc Nguyễn triều thực lục
1480:; another cavalry (including war elephants) led by
367:
359:
347:
327:
308:
291:
241:
169:
145:
125:
105:
101:
91:
81:
63:
55:
48:
23:
2898:
2896:
2025:There were also two additional taxes of farmland:
851:At the same time, the general of the Nguyễn lords
2195:, they were both agreed by the Qianlong Emperor.
848:, engaged the Tây Sơn troops, and defeated them.
2873:(1528–1802) Trần Trọng Kim. Accessed 16-11-2007
2806:. Sài Gòn: Nhà xuất bản Văn Sử Học. p. 49.
2384:) for him. Then Toản reported his death to the
2340:Quang Trung was buried on the southern bank of
3131:Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (2014).
2681:– 2002– p. 191 "The people of the North, who
2470:Nguyễn Huệ was deified in Vietnamese culture,
2166:in a revolt of Tây Sơn dynasty. An army under
2496:, a Vietnamese film, was based on his story.
1468:; a cavalry (including war elephants) led by
804:Also in 1774, the ruler of northern Vietnam,
8:
3415:
3413:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3344:"Bí mật quanh cái chết của vua Quang Trung"
3267:Pirates of the South China Coast, 1790–1810
3260:
3258:
3256:
3188:"Con trai vua Lê Thế Tông ở đất Thanh Châu"
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2922:"19. ทัพกรมหลวงเทพหริรักษ์ไปตีเมืองไซ่ง่อน"
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2571:
2569:
2328:as "a clever boy but too young", described
2300:. He set a schedule to move the capital to
1030:. After the battle, Huệ and Lữ returned to
3515:
3233:White Lotus Rebels and South China Pirates
3017:พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ 1
2937:
2935:
2926:พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงรัตนโกสินทร์ รัชกาลที่ 1
2904:"Tương quan Xiêm – Việt cuối thế kỉ XVIII"
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2652:
2650:
2590:
2580:
2103:Quang Trung also replaced the traditional
1168:Phạm Ngô Cầu surrendered to Tây Sơn army.
603:. One of their children was Huệ's father
20:
2528:Tây Sơn military tactics and organization
1930:丁), the chosen one should join the army.
1697:empress, and granted her the noble title
1600:Late 18th-century painting depicting the
986:Learn how and when to remove this message
555:Learn how and when to remove this message
2698:Notes historiques sur la nation annamite
2627:Nỡ lòng nào lại nồi da nấu thịt như thế?
2463:Emperor Quang Trung statue at Bộc Temple
2135:After the defeat of China, a Lê prince,
1337:, were left in Thăng Long to watch Cận.
1187:with arquebuses, finally, they captured
859:, forcing the Tây Sơn army to withdraw.
493:, a surviving heir of the Nguyễn lords.
3096:
3094:
2646:
2539:
2191:(牙行, broker house in ancient China) in
2033:(錢券庫). Publicly owned farmland: paid 1
1982:(a unit of area); the second scale, 80
632:, listed from eldest to youngest, were
478:and the two rival feudal houses of the
183:
3461:"South Vietnam 200 Dong 1966 banknote"
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
2997:Basic Records, continued compilation 5
1519:(part of modern Hanoi). Qing generals
698:, the eldest of the Tây Sơn Brothers,
683:and to advise them to do great deeds.
667:(張文幸), who in turn was the teacher of
595:. Through his work he met and married
238:
3175:(in Simplified Chinese). 27 May 2018.
3030:Tương quan Xiêm – Việt cuối thế kỷ 18
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2804:Lịch sử Nội Chiến Việt Nam 1771- 1802
2352:). The exact location was not clear;
1968:Farmers had to pay a fixed amount of
1701:(北宮皇后 "empress of Northern Palace");
1682:Royal order concerning tax exemption.
1608:, the peace envoy from Nguyễn Huệ in
1286:Northern Campaign - Ending Le Dynasty
1199:(元帥 "supreme commander") noble title
1191:(modern Hanoi) successfully. Huệ met
753:A bronze statue of Tây Sơn Brothers (
454:: 胡𦹳) was the second emperor of the
431:
408:
385:
7:
968:adding citations to reliable sources
571:Bronze statue of Emperor Quang Trung
537:adding citations to reliable sources
3481:. Periplus Travel Maps. 2002–2003.
3087:Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 11
2980:Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 10
2423:Tây Sơn dynasty was regarded as an
2271:seek a Chinese princess in marriage
2158:(黃文桐). Chỉ devised a plan to unite
2061:; privately owned farmland: paid 1
690:Seeking to overthrow the corrupted
3362:Quang Trung Nguyễn Huệ (1753–1792)
2948:Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 9
2889:Quyển 2, Tự chủ thời đại, Chương 8
2412:Tây Sơn dynasty was overthrown by
1274:was Huệ's area; the area south to
14:
1310:("Prince Regent"). Two generals,
1002:Vietnamese monument of the battle
3599:18th-century Vietnamese monarchs
3504:
3375:"Đi tìm lăng mộ vua Quang Trung"
3364:Vietsciences Accessed 14-11-2007
3201:Lê Tiên Long (9 December 2018).
3173:"新疆曾有大批越南皇室后裔，乾隆时期投靠中国并前往乌鲁木齐开荒"
2478:) in Hanoi was a temple to him.
2206:, but was illegally occupied by
1768:("district") had two officials:
1705:was designated as Crown Prince.
1064:led Siamese infantry marched to
944:
840:, and leaving behind his nephew
513:
363:Hồ Phi Phúc (or Nguyễn Phi Phúc)
40:
3121:. ABC-CLIO, 20 May 2011; p. 454
3009:เจ้าพระยาทิพากรวงศ์ (ขำ บุนนาค)
2918:เจ้าพระยาทิพากรวงศ์ (ขำ บุนนาค)
2695:Théophile Le Grand de la Liraye
2631:Bì oa chử nhục, đệ tâm hà nhẫn?
2481:Nguyễn Huệ was depicted on the
2451:Nguyễn Huệ, as depicted on the
1640:in order to deter a joint Qing-
955:needs additional citations for
926:(Vice National Administrator).
583:), but Huệ's great-grandfather
524:needs additional citations for
400:, 1753 – 16 September 1792) or
3609:People from Bình Định province
2783:Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện
2629:", Original Sino-Vietnamese: "
2575:Nguyễn Huệ was referred to as
2514:currently in service with the
2147:. There, Chỉ was supported by
1592:Reconciliation with Qing China
1548:After Nguyễn Huệ defeated the
1484:(Commander Long) marched past
1238:Civil war between two brothers
1058:Chao Fa Krom Luang Thepharirak
1026:together with a French priest
652:Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện
625:Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện
442:
419:
396:
1:
3265:Murray, Dian H. (1987). "3".
1728:). The new citadel was named
1620:Qing portrait of Quang Trung.
1431:When Liangguang army reached
1070:Chaophraya Aphaiphubet (Baen)
855:(宋福洽) led his troops against
3159:Annam and its Minor Currency
2710:Trung chi II họ Hồ Quỳnh Đôi
2548:Tây khởi nghĩa, Bắc thu công
1894:(道) was composed of several
1764:(協鎮 "deputy viceroy"). Each
1155:. The governor of Phú Xuân,
3421:Đại Nam thực lục chính biên
2714:Tiểu chi Cụ Án, Trung chi 5
2404:The fall of Tây Sơn dynasty
2269:. Quang Trung attempted to
2098:imprisoned with hard labour
1452:to attack Lê supporters in
936:Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút
3645:
2344:. He was buried secretly;
2226:organizations such as the
1976:(鉢, a unit of weight) per
1961:(老項); 56 to 60 years old;
1957:(壯項), 18 to 55 years old;
1953:(未及格), 2 to 17 years old;
1562:Han Yellow Bordered Banner
1347:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
1344:
1083:), Ba Thắc (Srok Pra-sak,
933:
470:, were the leaders of the
50:Emperor of Tây Sơn dynasty
3604:Deified Vietnamese people
3567:
3558:
3550:
3545:
3518:
3348:Địa chí lịch sử Bình Định
3271:Stanford University Press
3186:Thái Mỹ (24 April 2019).
2591:
2581:
2483:South Vietnamese 200 đồng
2453:South Vietnamese 200 đồng
1355:Statue of Quang Trung at
789:, and Bình Khang (modern
687:revive the Lê dynasty".
648:(Sir Eighth the virtue).
644:, he also had a nickname
334:
315:
296:
246:
237:
39:
33:Great Emperor of Đại Việt
30:
3624:Tây Sơn dynasty generals
3619:Tây Sơn dynasty emperors
3237:Harvard University Press
1918:("army of the center"),
1902:was composed of several
1756:had two high officials:
1151:marched north to attack
1006:In 1777, Nguyễn Huệ and
874:Overthrow of Nguyễn Lord
466:, together known as the
433:[ŋwĩəŋkwāːŋɓîŋ̟]
3401:Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí
3319:Antony, Robert (2014).
3303:Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí
3227:Wang, Wensheng (2014).
3013:"11. เรื่องพงศาวดารญวน"
2992:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
2499:On 6 February 2018 the
2131:Weapons of Tây Sơn army
2006:; the second scale, 30
1910:("army of the front"),
1779:The official system of
1373:, called for help from
1203:(威國公). He also married
1127:Overthrow of Trịnh Lord
1022:. Finally, Ánh fled to
694:and to help the prince
292:Era name and dates
2625:Original Vietnamese: "
2559:Original Vietnamese: "
2546:Original Vietnamese: "
2464:
2456:
2431:; it was mentioned as
2132:
2014:; the third scale, 20
1990:; the third scale, 50
1922:("army of the left"),
1914:("army of the rear"),
1683:
1675:
1638:tributary relationship
1621:
1613:
1552:, the last Lê emperor
1456:; another navy led by
1359:
1140:
1107:to Quy Nhơn for help.
1003:
915:
762:
572:
3614:Posthumous executions
3513:at Wikimedia Commons
3350:. Thư Viện Bình Định.
3102:Draft History of Qing
2501:Vietnam People's Navy
2462:
2450:
2435:(僞西 "False Tây"), or
2363:Quang Trung received
2335:Phượng Hoàng trung đô
2316:, Bình Khang (modern
2302:Phượng Hoàng trung đô
2130:
2123:Plans to invade China
1731:Phượng Hoàng Trung Đô
1708:Taking the advice of
1681:
1671:Quang Trung thông bảo
1668:
1628:of the Qing replaced
1619:
1599:
1542:Draft History of Qing
1420:, marched across the
1354:
1341:War with Qing dynasty
1134:
1001:
934:Further information:
752:
615:of southern Vietnam.
570:
482:in the south and the
3629:Vietnamese reformers
2516:4th Regional Command
2200:Tuyên Quang Province
2113:imperial examination
2107:with the Vietnamese
2039:(currency unit) per
1853:Hiệp-biện đại-học-sĩ
1748:(山南) split into two
1517:Ngọc Hồi and Đống Đa
1472:, marched to attack
1377:in order to restore
964:improve this article
533:improve this article
3561:Emperor of Đại Việt
3511:Emperor Quang Trung
3479:Vietnam Country Map
3342:Lê Văn Quý (2001).
3117:Tucker, Spencer C.
2906:. 8 September 2017.
2677:Patricia M. Pelley
2400:("King of Annam").
2350:cung điện Đan Dương
2292:Quang Trung called
1760:(鎮守 "viceroy") and
1566:Green Standard Army
1367:Empress Dowager Mẫn
1244:Trung ương Hoàng đế
1117:Tiền Giang Province
410:[ŋwĩəŋhwêˀ]
387:[kwāːŋʈūŋm]
277:Nguyễn Quang Bình (
211:Nguyễn Quang Cương
200:Nguyễn Quang Khanh
24:Emperor Quang Trung
3329:Palgrave Macmillan
2604:("Sir seven") and
2465:
2457:
2382:Thanh Trì District
2133:
1699:Bắc Cung hoàng hậu
1684:
1676:
1622:
1614:
1396:(November, 1788):
1360:
1141:
1062:Phraya Wichinarong
1028:Pigneau de Behaine
1004:
930:Southern campaigns
763:
620:Bình Định Province
573:
217:Nguyễn Quang Điện
196:Nguyễn Quang Thiệu
96:Emperor Cảnh Thịnh
3577:
3576:
3568:Succeeded by
3509:Media related to
3280:978-0-8047-1376-4
2800:Tạ Chí Đại Trường
2561:Phù Lê diệt Trịnh
2503:commissioned the
2418:Nguyễn Quang Thùy
2398:An Nam quốc vương
2326:Nguyễn Quang Toản
2204:Hưng Hóa Province
1869:Tả-hữu phụng-nghị
1861:Lục-bộ thượng-thư
1703:Nguyễn Quang Toản
1655:An Nam quốc vương
1606:Nguyễn Quang Hiển
1115:, in present-day
996:
995:
988:
842:Nguyễn Phúc Dương
826:Nguyễn Phúc Thuần
768:Nguyễn Phúc Khoát
745:Tây Sơn rebellion
696:Nguyễn Phúc Dương
565:
564:
557:
472:Tây Sơn rebellion
425:Nguyễn Quang Bình
423:), also known as
375:
374:
343:
342:
304:): 1788–1792
207:Nguyễn Quang Thùy
203:Nguyễn Quang Đức
186:Nguyễn Quang Toản
133:(aged 38–39)
129:16 September 1792
3636:
3551:Preceded by
3541:
3534:
3516:
3508:
3493:
3492:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3431:
3425:
3417:
3408:
3397:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3371:
3365:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3316:
3310:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3262:
3251:
3250:
3224:
3207:
3206:
3205:(in Vietnamese).
3198:
3192:
3191:
3190:(in Vietnamese).
3183:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3163:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3128:
3122:
3115:
3109:
3098:
3089:
3082:Việt Nam sử lược
3078:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3005:
2999:
2988:
2982:
2975:Việt Nam sử lược
2971:
2950:
2943:Việt Nam sử lược
2939:
2930:
2929:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2891:
2884:Việt Nam sử lược
2880:
2874:
2867:
2844:
2837:
2818:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2796:
2790:
2779:
2742:
2739:
2733:
2726:Việt Nam sử lược
2722:
2716:
2706:
2700:
2692:
2686:
2675:
2669:
2654:
2634:
2623:
2617:
2594:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2573:
2564:
2557:
2551:
2544:
2493:Tây Sơn hào kiệt
2386:Qianlong Emperor
2149:native chieftain
1865:Tả-hữu đồng-nghị
1857:Thị-trung ngự-sử
1714:Nghệ An Province
1661:Rule and reforms
1626:Qianlong Emperor
1602:Qianlong Emperor
1550:Later Lê dynasty
1505:Chinese New Year
1482:Nguyễn Tăng Long
1383:Qianlong Emperor
1323:Nguyễn Văn Tuyết
1261:, its commander
1224:Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh
1179:(modern Hanoi),
1149:Nguyễn Hữu Chỉnh
991:
984:
980:
977:
971:
948:
940:
814:Trương Phúc Loan
692:Trương Phúc Loan
681:Tây Sơn brothers
677:Trương Phúc Loan
671:, the father of
669:Nguyễn Phúc Luân
663:) and friend of
630:Tây Sơn brothers
560:
553:
549:
546:
540:
517:
509:
476:Later Lê dynasty
468:Tây Sơn brothers
445:
444:
435:
430:
422:
421:
412:
407:
399:
398:
389:
384:
265:Nguyễn Văn Huệ (
239:
214:Nguyễn Quang Tự
191:Nguyễn Quang Bàn
132:
86:Emperor Thái Đức
69:22 December 1788
44:
21:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3564:
3556:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3525:Tây Sơn dynasty
3521:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3433:
3432:
3428:
3424:, kỷ 1, vol. 19
3418:
3411:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3382:
3381:. 31 March 2007
3373:
3372:
3368:
3360:In Vietnamese:
3359:
3355:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3300:
3296:
3281:
3264:
3263:
3254:
3247:
3226:
3225:
3210:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3116:
3112:
3099:
3092:
3079:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2989:
2985:
2972:
2953:
2940:
2933:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2894:
2881:
2877:
2868:
2847:
2838:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2780:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2723:
2719:
2708:In Vietnamese:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2689:
2683:warmly welcomed
2676:
2672:
2655:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2624:
2620:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2554:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2524:
2445:
2406:
2372:posthumous name
2354:Nguyễn Đắc Xuân
2294:Trần Quang Diệu
2283:
2236:Chinese pirates
2208:native chiefdom
2168:Trần Quang Diệu
2139:(黎維祗), fled to
2125:
1781:Tây Sơn dynasty
1718:Trần Quang Diệu
1663:
1594:
1539:. According to
1410:Friendship Pass
1349:
1343:
1331:Trần Thuận Ngôn
1327:Nguyễn Văn Dụng
1288:
1240:
1163:. An itinerant
1129:
992:
981:
975:
972:
961:
949:
938:
932:
876:
853:Tống Phước Hiệp
838:Nguyễn Phúc Ánh
761:and Nguyễn Huệ)
747:
727:Trần Quang Diệu
665:Trương Văn Hạnh
657:Trương Văn Hiến
601:Tây Sơn village
597:Nguyễn Thị Đồng
561:
550:
544:
541:
530:
518:
507:
456:Tây Sơn dynasty
441:
428:
418:
405:
395:
382:
371:Nguyễn Thị Đồng
354:Tây Sơn dynasty
310:Posthumous name
276:
264:
255:
233:
224:Nguyễn Quốc Duy
182:
181:
165:Nguyễn Thị Bích
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
134:
130:
110:
70:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3642:
3640:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3566:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3546:Regnal titles
3543:
3542:
3522:
3519:
3501:
3500:External links
3498:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3470:
3452:
3439:bvhttdl.gov.vn
3426:
3409:
3392:
3366:
3353:
3334:
3311:
3294:
3279:
3252:
3245:
3208:
3193:
3178:
3164:
3150:
3144:978-9004282483
3143:
3123:
3110:
3090:
3034:
3022:
3000:
2983:
2951:
2931:
2909:
2892:
2875:
2845:
2819:
2810:
2791:
2743:
2734:
2730:Trần Trọng Kim
2724:In Vietnamese
2717:
2701:
2687:
2670:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2618:
2606:Bắc Bình Vương
2565:
2552:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2523:
2520:
2444:
2441:
2429:Nguyễn dynasty
2427:regime during
2405:
2402:
2282:
2279:
2248:Liang Wen-keng
2156:Hoàng Văn Đồng
2124:
2121:
2105:Chinese script
2031:tiền khoán-khố
1888:military units
1886:The system of
1845:Trung-thư-lệnh
1841:Trung-thư-sảnh
1662:
1659:
1593:
1590:
1554:Lê Chiêu Thống
1529:Zhang Chaolong
1525:Shang Weisheng
1496:(a place near
1470:Đặng Tiến Đông
1458:Nguyễn Văn Lộc
1363:Lê Chiêu Thống
1345:Main article:
1342:
1339:
1292:Lê Chiêu Thống
1287:
1284:
1248:Bắc Bình Vương
1239:
1236:
1232:Nguyễn Văn Duệ
1209:Lê Chiêu Thống
1161:Hoàng Đình Thể
1128:
1125:
1079:, Trấn Giang (
1014:. Ánh fled to
994:
993:
952:
950:
943:
931:
928:
875:
872:
810:Hoàng Ngũ Phúc
746:
743:
731:Trương Mỹ Ngọc
659:, a retainer (
563:
562:
521:
519:
512:
506:
503:
499:Nguyễn dynasty
486:in the north.
373:
372:
369:
365:
364:
361:
357:
356:
351:
345:
344:
341:
340:
332:
331:
325:
324:
313:
312:
306:
305:
294:
293:
289:
288:
244:
243:
235:
234:
232:
231:
229:nine daughters
226:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
204:
201:
198:
193:
188:
177:
176:
175:
173:
167:
166:
147:
143:
142:
127:
123:
122:
107:
103:
102:
99:
98:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
67:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3641:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3499:
3490:
3488:0-7946-0070-0
3484:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3465:art-hanoi.com
3462:
3456:
3453:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3338:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3246:9780674727991
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3197:
3194:
3189:
3182:
3179:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3162:, chapter 16.
3161:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2616:'s nick name.
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2588:
2587:Bak Bin Yuang
2578:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2449:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2342:Perfume River
2338:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2312:had captured
2311:
2307:
2304:(present-day
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2275:Võ Chiêu Viễn
2272:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2240:Chen Tien-pao
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:Nùng Phúc Tấn
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2129:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2027:tiền thập-vật
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1825:Đại-tổng-quản
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1716:. He ordered
1715:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:. He crowned
1692:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:Lục Đầu River
1445:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1357:Đống Đa Mound
1353:
1348:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1263:Đặng Văn Chân
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:war elephants
1182:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1165:Taoist priest
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1105:Đặng Văn Trấn
1102:
1101:Trương Văn Đa
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1043:Châu Văn Tiếp
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1000:
990:
987:
979:
969:
965:
959:
958:
953:This section
951:
947:
942:
941:
937:
929:
927:
925:
921:
917:
916:Tây Sơn Vương
913:
908:
906:
902:
901:Đỗ Thanh Nhơn
898:
894:
890:
884:
882:
873:
871:
867:
864:
860:
858:
854:
849:
847:
843:
839:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
773:
769:
760:
756:
751:
744:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
569:
559:
556:
548:
538:
534:
528:
527:
522:This section
520:
516:
511:
510:
504:
502:
500:
494:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
439:
434:
426:
416:
411:
403:
393:
388:
380:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:
352:
350:
346:
338:
333:
330:
326:
322:
319:
316:Vũ Hoàng đế (
314:
311:
307:
303:
300:
297:Quang Trung (
295:
290:
286:
283:
280:
274:
271:
268:
262:
259:
253:
250:
245:
240:
236:
230:
227:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
208:
205:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
180:
174:
172:
168:
159:
155:
151:
150:Phạm Thị Liên
148:
144:
141:
137:
128:
124:
121:
117:
113:
108:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
35:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3559:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3520:Quang Trung
3503:
3478:
3473:
3464:
3455:
3443:. Retrieved
3438:
3429:
3419:
3399:
3395:
3383:. Retrieved
3369:
3356:
3347:
3337:
3324:
3314:
3301:
3297:
3266:
3232:
3196:
3181:
3167:
3158:
3153:
3133:
3126:
3118:
3113:
3100:
3080:
3025:
3016:
3003:
2990:
2986:
2973:
2941:
2925:
2912:
2882:
2878:
2839:Vietnamese:
2813:
2803:
2794:
2781:
2737:
2720:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2682:
2678:
2673:
2660:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2609:
2605:
2596:
2586:
2576:
2560:
2555:
2547:
2542:
2509:Gepard-class
2504:
2498:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2466:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2389:
2379:
2374:
2367:
2362:
2349:
2346:Ngô Thì Nhậm
2339:
2334:
2301:
2291:
2284:
2264:
2252:Fan Wen-tsai
2221:
2197:
2188:
2134:
2117:
2102:
2094:fingerprints
2089:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1809:Đại-tư-không
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1793:Đại-chủng-tể
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1740:was renamed
1736:
1729:
1710:Nguyễn Thiếp
1707:
1698:
1688:
1685:
1669:
1654:
1647:
1623:
1547:
1540:
1515:Sơn army in
1513:
1502:
1446:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1393:
1391:
1361:
1335:Ngô Thì Nhậm
1320:
1316:Phan Văn Lân
1307:
1301:
1289:
1256:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1213:
1201:Uy-quốc-công
1200:
1196:
1193:Lê Hiển Tông
1170:
1157:Phạm Ngô Cầu
1142:
1113:Mỹ Tho River
1109:
1074:
1055:
1045:was sent to
1040:
1024:Pulo Panjang
1005:
982:
973:
962:Please help
957:verification
954:
923:
918:), choosing
909:
885:
877:
868:
865:
861:
850:
846:Hải Vân Pass
834:
803:
776:
764:
738:
735:Võ Xuân Hoài
715:Bùi Thị Xuân
711:Nguyễn Thung
708:
689:
685:
660:
651:
650:
645:
641:
623:
617:
613:Nguyễn lords
574:
551:
542:
531:Please help
526:verification
523:
495:
488:
447:
424:
401:
378:
376:
256:Nguyễn Huệ (
228:
220:Nguyễn Thất
178:
163:Trần Thị Quỵ
154:Bùi Thị Nhạn
131:(1792-09-16)
31:
18:
3594:1792 deaths
3589:1753 births
3445:13 November
3406:chapter. 16
3308:chapter. 15
2869:Vietnamese:
2657:Lý Văn Phức
2592:บากบินเยือง
2505:Quang Trung
2390:Trung Thuần
2375:Vũ Hoàng đế
2365:temple name
2330:Nguyễn Nhạc
2281:Final years
2267:South China
2234:. Infamous
2232:White Lotus
2224:anti-Manchu
2164:Muang Phuan
2141:Tuyên Quang
1951:vị cập cách
1883:(翰林), etc.
1829:Đại-đổng-lý
1801:Đại-tư-khấu
1695:Lê Ngọc Hân
1462:Phượng Nhãn
1416:army under
1400:army under
1268:Trần Văn Kỷ
1220:Vũ Văn Nhậm
1215:Nguyễn Nhạc
1205:Lê Ngọc Hân
1197:Nguyên-soái
1145:Vũ Văn Nhậm
1087:), Trà Ôn,
822:Trịnh Lords
755:Nguyễn Nhạc
719:Võ Văn Dũng
700:Nguyễn Nhạc
646:Đức ông Tám
634:Nguyễn Nhạc
605:Hồ Phi Phúc
589:Hồ Phi Tiễn
585:Hồ Phi Long
460:Nguyễn Nhạc
429:Vietnamese:
406:Vietnamese:
383:Vietnamese:
379:Quang Trung
329:Temple name
158:Lê Ngọc Hân
82:Predecessor
3583:Categories
3571:Cảnh Thịnh
3565:1788–1792
3385:4 November
3379:Tiền Phong
2641:References
2485:banknote.
2472:Bộc Temple
2414:Nguyễn Ánh
2322:Diên Khánh
2314:Bình Thuận
2310:Nguyễn Ánh
2244:Mo Kuan-fu
2238:, such as
2217:Liangguang
2154:(儂福縉) and
2137:Lê Duy Chỉ
2029:(錢什物) and
1955:tráng hạng
1943:capitation
1916:trung-quân
1849:Đại-học-sĩ
1833:Đại-đô-đốc
1813:Đại-tư-cối
1738:Thăng Long
1722:Quyết Hill
1634:Fuk'anggan
1624:The irate
1604:receiving
1533:Cen Yidong
1521:Xu Shiheng
1490:Xu Shiheng
1488:to attack
1474:Cen Yidong
1466:Lạng Giang
1422:Horse Pass
1406:Xu Shiheng
1398:Liangguang
1379:Lê dynasty
1375:Qing China
1369:, fled to
1312:Ngô Văn Sở
1304:Lê Duy Cận
1296:Trịnh Bồng
1276:Thăng Bình
1272:Quảng Ngãi
1189:Thăng Long
1181:Trịnh Khải
1177:Thăng Long
1173:Trịnh lord
1121:The battle
1012:Nguyễn Ánh
912:Vietnamese
799:Quảng Ngãi
787:Diên Khánh
783:Bình Thuận
723:Võ Đình Tú
673:Nguyễn Ánh
505:Early life
491:Nguyễn Ánh
402:Nguyễn Huệ
116:Đàng Trong
65:Coronation
2732:, p. 70,
2614:Nguyễn Lữ
2455:banknote.
2394:West Lake
2370:(太祖) and
2258:(鄭七) and
2256:Cheng Chi
2228:Tiandihui
2184:war drums
2180:elephants
2172:Nanthasen
2160:Vientiane
2083:khoán-khố
2059:khoán-khố
1963:lão nhiêu
1947:thuế thân
1908:tiền-quân
1855:(協辦大學士),
1837:Đại-đô-hộ
1817:Đại-tư-lệ
1805:Đại-tư-mã
1797:Đại-tư-đồ
1789:tam thiếu
1774:phân-suất
1762:Hiệp-trấn
1742:Bắc Thành
1630:Sun Shiyi
1537:Red River
1498:Thanh Trì
1454:Hải Dương
1418:Wu Dajing
1402:Sun Shiyi
1308:giám quốc
1222:disliked
1097:Vĩnh Long
1085:Sóc Trăng
1008:Nguyễn Lữ
924:Phụ Chính
881:Thuận Hóa
830:Quảng Nam
806:Trịnh Sâm
759:Nguyễn Lữ
704:Nguyễn Lữ
661:môn khách
638:Nguyễn Lữ
501:in 1802.
464:Nguyễn Lữ
335:Thái Tổ (
247:Hồ Thơm (
112:Bình Định
92:Successor
59:1788–1792
3554:Thái Đức
3289:2381407M
3107:vol. 527
2802:(1973).
2522:See also
2476:Chùa Bộc
2433:Nguỵ Tây
2318:Ninh Hòa
2298:Phú Xuân
2296:back to
2230:and the
2145:Cao Bằng
2071:thập-vật
2045:thập-vật
1959:lão hạng
1939:sưu dịch
1924:hữu-quân
1912:hậu-quân
1873:Thị-lang
1871:(左右奉議),
1867:(左右同議),
1863:(六部尚書),
1859:(侍中御史),
1785:tam công
1770:phân-tri
1758:Trấn-thủ
1734:(鳳凰中都).
1691:Đại Việt
1586:Xinjiang
1574:Zhejiang
1494:Ngọc Hồi
1441:Phú Xuân
1433:Lạng Sơn
1394:Mậu Thân
1371:Longzhou
1280:Điện Bàn
1153:Phú Xuân
1093:An Giang
1077:Rạch Giá
1066:Cambodia
1036:Phú Quốc
1032:Quy Nhơn
1018:then to
1016:Rạch Giá
976:May 2020
905:Quy Nhơn
897:Biên Hòa
889:Gia Định
818:Phú Xuân
791:Ninh Hòa
779:Gia Định
772:Quy Nhơn
545:May 2020
377:Emperor
179:see list
140:Đại Việt
136:Phú Xuân
120:Đại Việt
76:Phú Xuân
72:Bân Hill
2788:vol. 30
2610:Ông Bảy
2577:Ong Bai
2512:frigate
2437:Tây tặc
2425:illegal
2368:Thái Tổ
2260:Cheng I
2254:(樊文才),
2250:(梁文庚),
2246:(莫觀扶),
2242:(陳添保),
2212:Guangxi
2193:Nanning
2189:yá háng
2109:chữ Nôm
2090:tín bài
1920:tả-quân
1898:(奇), a
1881:Hàn-lâm
1851:(大學士),
1847:(中書令),
1843:(中書廳),
1839:(大都護),
1835:(大都督),
1831:(大董理),
1827:(大總管),
1821:Thái-úy
1819:(大司隸),
1815:(大司會),
1811:(大司空),
1807:(大司馬),
1803:(大司寇),
1799:(大司徒),
1795:(大冢宰),
1746:Sơn Nam
1650:Beijing
1610:Beijing
1570:Sichuan
1558:Beijing
1486:Sơn Tây
1478:Đống Đa
1259:Phú Yên
1252:Hải Vân
1228:Nghệ An
1137:chữ Nôm
1081:Cần Thơ
1047:Bangkok
1020:Hà Tiên
857:Phú Yên
795:Phú Yên
642:Hồ Thơm
577:Nghệ An
452:chữ Hán
448:Hồ Thơm
438:chữ Hán
415:chữ Hán
392:chữ Hán
3536:
3485:
3287:
3277:
3243:
3141:
3032:p. 60
2667:vol. 9
2585:) and
2443:Legacy
2320:) and
2287:stroke
2176:Horses
1941:) and
1935:corvée
1879:(司務),
1875:(侍郎),
1823:(太尉),
1791:(三少),
1787:(三公),
1744:(北城).
1582:Urumqi
1578:Urumqi
1426:Maguan
1414:Yungui
1381:. The
1089:Sa Đéc
1051:Rama I
920:Đồ Bàn
893:Saigon
733:, and
628:, the
609:Nguyễn
480:Nguyễn
446:), or
368:Mother
360:Father
161:Lê Thị
146:Spouse
3538:Died:
3531:Born:
2582:องบาย
2534:Notes
2073:, 30
2047:, 50
1970:grain
1877:Tư-vụ
1766:huyện
1632:with
1103:sent
593:betel
484:Trịnh
349:House
242:Names
171:Issue
56:Reign
3540:1792
3533:1753
3483:ISBN
3447:2021
3387:2018
3275:ISBN
3241:ISBN
3139:ISBN
2612:was
2306:Vinh
2202:and
2182:and
2162:and
2143:and
2081:for
2077:per
2075:đồng
2069:for
2065:per
2063:tiền
2057:for
2053:per
2050:đồng
2043:for
2036:tiền
2018:per
2010:per
2002:per
1994:per
1986:per
1928:đinh
1890:: a
1754:trấn
1750:trấn
1726:Vinh
1642:Siam
1572:and
1531:and
1464:and
1404:and
1387:Qing
1333:and
1314:and
1278:and
1147:and
1095:and
462:and
126:Died
109:1753
106:Born
2712:và
2601:Bảy
2598:Ông
2358:Huế
2210:of
2079:mẫu
2067:mẫu
2055:mẫu
2041:mẫu
2020:mẫu
2016:bát
2012:mẫu
2008:bát
2004:mẫu
2000:bát
1996:mẫu
1992:bát
1988:mẫu
1984:bát
1979:mẫu
1974:bát
1949:):
1904:đội
1892:đạo
1724:in
1568:in
1509:Tết
1500:).
1492:in
1476:in
1412:);
1385:of
1306:as
1119:).
966:by
797:to
741:).
535:by
443:阮光平
26:光中帝
3585::
3463:.
3437:.
3412:^
3404:,
3377:.
3346:.
3327:.
3306:,
3285:OL
3283:.
3273:.
3269:.
3255:^
3239:.
3235:.
3231:.
3211:^
3105:,
3093:^
3085:,
3037:^
3015:.
3011:.
2995:,
2978:,
2954:^
2946:,
2934:^
2924:.
2920:.
2895:^
2887:,
2848:^
2822:^
2786:,
2746:^
2728:,
2665:,
2659:,
2649:^
2568:^
2563:".
2550:".
2518:.
2507:a
2360:.
2178:,
2100:.
2085:.
2022:.
1900:cơ
1896:cơ
1588:.
1584:,
1527:,
1523:,
1329:,
1325:,
1234:.
1038:.
914::
907:.
832:.
801:.
785:,
757:,
729:,
725:,
721:,
717:,
713:,
636:,
440::
436:;
420:阮惠
417::
413:;
397:光中
394::
390:;
337:太祖
321:皇帝
252:𦹳
138:,
118:,
114:,
74:,
3491:.
3467:.
3449:.
3389:.
3331:.
3291:.
3249:.
3147:.
3019:.
2928:.
2808:.
2633:"
2589:(
2579:(
2474:(
1945:(
1937:(
1612:.
1424:(
1139:)
989:)
983:(
978:)
974:(
960:.
581:胡
558:)
552:(
547:)
543:(
529:.
450:(
427:(
404:(
381:(
339:)
323:)
318:武
302:中
299:光
287:)
285:平
282:光
279:阮
275:)
273:惠
270:文
267:阮
263:)
261:惠
258:阮
254:)
249:胡
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