1118:
888:
269:
193:
47:
247:
236:
166:
314:
303:
292:
281:
217:
258:
180:
204:
954:
1117:
941:
and
Austria would exchange Sicily and Sardinia. Spain saw little benefit in this and decided to seize the opportunity to recover territorial losses agreed at Utrecht. As neither Savoy nor Austria possessed significant navies, the most obvious targets were the islands of
1045:. After the plot was discovered, Alberoni was expelled from France, which declared war on Spain. By 17 December 1718, the French, British, and Austrians had all officially entered the war against Spain. The Dutch would join them later, in August 1719.
1857:
1862:
1075:. In both regions there was support for the invaders from leading local figures, some of whom lobbied for them to be permanently annexed by France. Spain attempted to counter this by launching its own expedition to
1207:
in
October 1719. This caused some shock to the Spanish authorities as they realized how vulnerable they were to Allied amphibious attacks, with the potential to open up a new front away from the French frontier.
347:
965:, while France and the Netherlands needed peace to rebuild their shattered economies. Attempts to resolve the situation through diplomacy failed and in June 1718, a British naval force arrived in the
906:, and under its terms Philip gave up any future claim to the French throne. However, a series of deaths in the French royal family between 1713 and 1715 made him heir presumptive to the five year old
1099:(20 June 1719). But the Spanish were cut off from their homeland by the British fleet and it was just a matter of time before their resistance would crumble. Mercy was then victorious in the second
969:
as a preventive measure. Emboldened by their success in
Sardinia, in July 1718 the Spanish landed 30,000 men on Sicily but the strategic position had now changed. Austria signed the July 1718
577:
459:
340:
887:
1624:
1467:
961:
In August 1717, Spanish forces landed on
Sardinia and by November had re-established control of the island. They met little opposition; Austria was engaged in the 1716–1718
1003:
333:
296:
817:. This meant their troops in Sicily could not be resupplied or reinforced, and Austrian land forces eventually retook the island. In October 1719, a British naval force
1742:
A Global
Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East 6V: A Global Chronology of Conflict : From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
1765:
995:
285:
1299:
The war provided a unique example during the eighteenth century when
Britain and France were on the same side. It came during a period between 1716 and 1731 when
1797:
1782:
570:
1224:. While Spanish forces retook the town in August 1719, it fell to the French again towards the end of the year and they destroyed the town before withdrawing.
1079:, in the hope of raising a rebellion against the Regent of France. It consisted of a 1,000 troops, but carried arms for 10,000 more. However, after landing at
452:
1807:
937:
Its key principles were to ensure
Charles and Philip reconfirmed the withdrawal of their claims to the thrones of Spain and France. In return for this,
1279:
France returned
Pensacola and the remaining conquests in the north of Spain in exchange for commercial benefits. Included in the terms of this treaty,
1604:
711:
563:
524:
1812:
445:
1867:
927:
1792:
539:
1060:
1007:
733:
262:
251:
1300:
1261:
Displeased with his kingdom's military performance, Philip dismissed
Alberoni in December 1719, and made peace with the allies with the
1188:
240:
962:
664:
1749:
1697:
1686:
1667:
1424:
1179:
In retaliation for this attack, the
British government prepared to launch a raid on the Spanish coast. An expedition was assembled at
534:
529:
509:
489:
484:
479:
1146:
1126:
416:
221:
46:
1268:
In the treaty, Philip was forced to relinquish all territory captured in the war. However, his third surviving son's right to the
977:, and on 2 August, joined Britain, France, and the Dutch in the Quadruple Alliance, which gave its name to the war that followed.
1068:
1054:
644:
406:
519:
1817:
1092:
1034:
273:
307:
1787:
1730:
1273:
1130:
911:
818:
411:
386:
607:
1852:
1802:
1280:
1015:
845:
659:
499:
637:
632:
627:
617:
602:
1312:
1064:
802:
612:
371:
1014:. This was followed in the autumn by the landing of a small Austrian army, assembled in Naples by the Austrian Viceroy
1269:
1217:
1134:
881:
772:
622:
401:
1067:
of Spain in April 1719, still under the shock of Philip V's military intervention against them. Berwick successfully
1832:
1827:
1822:
1256:
1221:
825:
674:
494:
116:
1388:
1262:
809:, followed by a landing in Sicily in July 1718. On 2 August, the Quadruple Alliance was formed and on 11th, the
1023:
756:
381:
171:
1100:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1240:
1112:
792:
649:
1605:"Arrestez et pillez contre toute sorte de droit': Trade and the War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720)"
1329:
1324:
1158:
1011:
931:
814:
752:
514:
376:
1679:
A Change of Ideology in Imperial Spain? in Ideology and Foreign Policy in Early Modern Europe (1650–1750)
1096:
970:
421:
396:
1162:
1042:
919:
391:
1288:
716:
696:
426:
132:
1759:
1154:
1038:
701:
926:
had effectively bankrupted themselves. Concerned by these moves, Britain and France agreed the
1745:
1726:
1682:
1663:
1308:
1284:
966:
903:
899:
891:
877:
873:
869:
861:
857:
806:
764:
760:
686:
544:
197:
185:
141:
128:
1400:
1372:
841:
776:
691:
1705:
1432:
1364:
1356:
1304:
1232:
1196:
1174:
1142:
654:
101:
1638:"The 18th-century Antecedents of the Concert of Europe I: The Quadruple Alliance of 1718"
1494:"The 18th-century Antecedents of the Concert of Europe I: The Quadruple Alliance of 1718"
669:
17:
1348:
1129:, organized an expedition with extensive Spanish support to invade Britain and replace
974:
938:
923:
915:
865:
829:
768:
721:
318:
209:
136:
1660:
Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714–1783
1625:"The 18th-century Antecedents of the Concert of Europe I: The Triple Alliance of 1717"
1468:"The 18th-century Antecedents of the Concert of Europe I: The Triple Alliance of 1717"
1307:, and the two would become enemies of the British once more. Spain later regained the
1776:
1184:
1145:
in March 1719, and never reached Britain. A small force of 300 Spanish marines under
788:
55:
1150:
726:
597:
950:, an ambition that aligned with the Italian dynastic claims of Elizabeth Farnese.
1637:
1493:
914:
also refused to accept this principle, as well as delaying implementation of the
1192:
325:
1006:
occupied the rest of the island. On 11 August, a British squadron commanded by
1204:
1180:
1138:
810:
679:
1200:
1072:
1022:
to lift the siege by the Spanish forces. The Austrians were defeated in the
1651:
The Last Armada: Britain and the War of the Quadruple Alliance, 1718–1720
1076:
943:
907:
853:
796:
97:
1612:
Legatio: The Journal for Renaissance and Early Modern Diplomatic Studies
894:, whose attempts to regain lost territories in Italy sparked war in 1718
1244:
1236:
1027:
1019:
999:
991:
105:
555:
1080:
947:
780:
437:
93:
89:
1858:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of North America
1677:
Solano, Ana Crespa (2011). Rommelse, Gijs; Onnekink, David (eds.).
1141:"Old Pretender". However, his fleet was dispersed by a storm near
953:
952:
886:
849:
784:
1228:
1083:
they found little support amongst the inhabitants and withdrew.
559:
441:
329:
1239:. After taking a large amount of plunder they were eventually
1165:
a month later, and the hopes of an uprising soon fizzled out.
1863:
Wars of succession involving the states and peoples of Europe
1227:
In February 1720 a 1,200 strong Spanish force set out from
898:
Utrecht specified Spain could never be unified with either
1033:
In 1718, Cardinal Alberoni began plotting to replace the
69:
2 August 1718 – 17 February 1720
1220:
in Florida in May 1719, pre-empting a Spanish attack on
771:. Caused by Spanish attempts to recover territories in
1091:
In Sicily, the Austrians started a new offensive under
1026:
on 15 October, and only held a small bridgehead around
1399:
Formerly Philip of Anjou, and a member of the French
868:. Their recovery was a priority for the French-born
1698:"The Spanish Monarchy in the Mediterranean Theater"
1425:"The Spanish Monarchy in the Mediterranean Theater"
957:
Sardinia (green) and Sicily (yellow) on a 1720 map.
1059:The Duc d'Orléans ordered a French army under the
872:. This objective was reinforced by chief minister
755:, and the Quadruple Alliance, a coalition between
40:Part of Anglo-Spanish Wars and Franco-Spanish Wars
27:1718–20 war between Spain and a European alliance
1272:after the death of Elisabeth's childless uncle,
1103:, took Messina in October and besieged Palermo.
994:on 7 July, then divided their army; on 18 July,
799:in an effort to divert British naval resources.
1041:, with Philip V. This plot became known as the
910:, and he now cast doubts on this renunciation.
34:
791:and Northern Europe. Spain also supported the
832:and Austria exchanging Sardinia and Sicily.
571:
453:
341:
8:
1764:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1723:The Jacobites: Britain and Europe, 1688–1788
1303:. Spain would later join with France in the
1218:captured the Spanish settlement of Pensacola
828:restored the position prior to 1717, with
578:
564:
556:
460:
446:
438:
348:
334:
326:
52:The Battle of Cape Passaro, 11 August 1718
31:
1199:and marched inland seizing the towns of
1157:who supported them were defeated at the
1116:
930:to enforce these terms, then formed the
1415:
1341:
1757:
1586:
1541:
1517:
1453:
1095:. They first suffered a defeat in the
1565:
1553:
1529:
779:, most of the fighting took place in
7:
1798:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
1783:Wars involving the Habsburg monarchy
1010:eliminated the Spanish fleet at the
1125:In early 1719 the Irish exile, the
1065:invade the western Basque districts
1696:Storrs, Ronald (2 December 2016).
1423:Storrs, Ronald (2 December 2016).
1231:to take the British settlement of
25:
1808:Wars involving the Dutch Republic
1377:Guerra della Quadruplice Alleanza
1353:Oorlog van de Quadruple Alliantie
1147:George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal
1037:, regent to the 5-year-old King
934:with the Dutch in January 1717.
876:, who like Philip's second wife
751:was fought from 1718 to 1720 by
312:
301:
290:
279:
267:
256:
245:
234:
215:
202:
191:
178:
164:
45:
1725:. Manchester University Press.
1642:Oxford Public International Law
1629:Oxford Public International Law
1498:Oxford Public International Law
1472:Oxford Public International Law
1361:Guerre de la Quadruple-Alliance
1287:for that of the less important
1093:Count Claude Florimond de Mercy
819:sacked the Spanish port of Vigo
1813:Wars involving the Netherlands
1:
1868:War of the Quadruple Alliance
1301:the two countries were allies
1055:Siege of San Sebastián (1719)
1016:Count Wirich Philipp von Daun
922:, an objective for which the
848:, Spain ceded possessions in
846:War of the Spanish Succession
749:War of the Quadruple Alliance
359:War of the Quadruple Alliance
35:War of the Quadruple Alliance
1793:Wars involving Great Britain
1387:Not to be confused with the
1313:War of the Polish Succession
1121:The Battle of Glenshiel 1719
813:defeated a Spanish fleet at
787:, with minor engagements in
1740:Tucker, Spencer, C (2009).
1270:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
1884:
1649:Oates, Jonathon D (2019).
1369:Krieg der Quadrupelallianz
1257:Treaty of The Hague (1720)
1254:
1172:
1110:
1071:and also entered northern
1052:
928:1716 Anglo-French alliance
117:Treaty of The Hague (1720)
1603:Dhondt, Frederik (2017).
1389:Quadruple Alliance (1815)
803:Spain recaptured Sardinia
593:
475:
367:
227:
152:
61:
44:
39:
18:Quadruple Alliance (1718)
1311:during the 1733 to 1735
1721:Szechi, Daniel (1994).
1658:Simms, Brendan (2007).
1283:was forced to exchange
1113:Jacobite rising of 1719
1024:First Battle of Milazzo
793:Jacobite rising of 1719
1818:18th-century conflicts
1376:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1330:Peace of Vienna (1725)
1325:Triple Alliance (1717)
1159:Battle of Eilean Donan
1122:
1069:besieged San Sebastián
1012:Battle of Cape Passaro
958:
918:in the newly acquired
895:
228:Commanders and leaders
1788:Wars involving France
1653:. Helion and Company.
1265:on 17 February 1720.
1187:under the command of
1120:
1097:Battle of Francavilla
971:Treaty of Passarowitz
967:Western Mediterranean
956:
890:
1853:Wars fought in Texas
1803:Wars involving Spain
1702:Yale University Blog
1429:Yale University Blog
1195:. They successfully
1163:Battle of Glen Shiel
1161:in May 1719 and the
1043:Cellamare conspiracy
998:opened the siege of
920:Austrian Netherlands
1636:Lesaffer, Randall.
1623:Lesaffer, Randall.
1492:Lesaffer, Randall.
1466:Lesaffer, Randall.
1456:, pp. 237–238.
1289:Kingdom of Sardinia
1263:Treaty of The Hague
1153:, but they and the
1107:Invasion of Britain
826:Treaty of The Hague
587:Franco-Spanish wars
427:Villasur expedition
412:Vigo and Pontevedra
387:Eilean Donan Castle
1589:, pp. 97–130.
1276:, was recognized.
1123:
1039:Louis XV of France
963:Austro-Turkish War
959:
912:Emperor Charles VI
896:
775:ceded in the 1713
469:Anglo-Spanish Wars
159:Quadruple Alliance
1833:Conflicts in 1720
1828:Conflicts in 1719
1823:Conflicts in 1718
1577:Oates pp. 143–144
1520:, pp. 93–95.
1309:Kingdom of Naples
1101:Battle of Milazzo
990:The Spanish took
892:Philip V of Spain
878:Elisabeth Farnese
874:Cardinal Alberoni
870:Philip V of Spain
742:
741:
553:
552:
435:
434:
324:
323:
308:Antonio Gaztañeta
148:
147:
16:(Redirected from
1875:
1769:
1763:
1755:
1736:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1708:on 27 March 2019
1704:. Archived from
1692:
1673:
1654:
1645:
1632:
1619:
1609:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1435:on 27 March 2019
1431:. Archived from
1420:
1403:
1401:House of Bourbon
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1346:
1004:duke of Montemar
996:Marquess of Lede
880:was a native of
842:Peace of Utrecht
807:Habsburg Austria
777:Peace of Utrecht
588:
580:
573:
566:
557:
470:
462:
455:
448:
439:
417:Cape St. Vincent
362:
360:
350:
343:
336:
327:
317:
316:
315:
306:
305:
304:
297:José de Albornoz
295:
294:
293:
284:
283:
282:
272:
271:
270:
261:
260:
259:
250:
249:
248:
239:
238:
237:
220:
219:
218:
208:
206:
205:
196:
195:
194:
188:
184:
182:
181:
174:
170:
168:
167:
80:
78:
74:
63:
62:
49:
32:
21:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1773:
1772:
1756:
1752:
1739:
1733:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1695:
1689:
1676:
1670:
1657:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1386:
1382:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1321:
1305:Bourbon Compact
1297:
1274:Antonio Farnese
1259:
1253:
1214:
1177:
1175:Capture of Vigo
1171:
1127:Duke of Ormonde
1115:
1109:
1089:
1061:Duke of Berwick
1057:
1051:
1008:Sir George Byng
988:
983:
932:Triple Alliance
844:that ended the
840:Under the 1713
838:
745:
744:
743:
738:
589:
586:
584:
554:
549:
471:
468:
466:
436:
431:
363:
358:
356:
354:
313:
311:
310:
302:
300:
299:
291:
289:
288:
280:
278:
274:Claude de Mercy
268:
266:
265:
263:Duke of Berwick
257:
255:
254:
246:
244:
243:
235:
233:
216:
214:
203:
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200:
192:
190:
189:
179:
177:
176:
175:
165:
163:
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161:
139:
124:
108:
102:Spanish Florida
76:
72:
70:
50:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1848:1720 in Europe
1845:
1843:1719 in Europe
1840:
1838:1718 in Europe
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1751:978-1851096671
1750:
1737:
1731:
1718:
1693:
1688:978-1409419136
1687:
1674:
1669:978-0140289848
1668:
1655:
1646:
1633:
1620:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1579:
1570:
1568:, p. 142.
1558:
1556:, p. 140.
1546:
1544:, p. 724.
1534:
1532:, p. 135.
1522:
1510:
1484:
1458:
1446:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1392:
1380:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1296:
1293:
1281:Victor Amadeus
1255:Main article:
1252:
1249:
1222:South Carolina
1213:
1210:
1173:Main article:
1170:
1167:
1149:did land near
1111:Main article:
1108:
1105:
1088:
1085:
1053:Main article:
1050:
1047:
987:
984:
982:
979:
975:Ottoman Empire
924:Dutch Republic
916:Barrier Treaty
837:
834:
769:Dutch Republic
740:
739:
737:
736:
731:
730:
729:
724:
719:
712:Coalition Wars
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
683:
682:
677:
672:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
641:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
594:
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512:
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457:
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374:
368:
365:
364:
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353:
352:
345:
338:
330:
322:
321:
319:George Camocke
276:
241:Richard Temple
230:
229:
225:
224:
212:
210:Dutch Republic
155:
154:
150:
149:
146:
145:
126:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
88:
86:
82:
81:
67:
59:
58:
42:
41:
37:
36:
30:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1880:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
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1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1767:
1761:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1681:. Routledge.
1680:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1499:
1495:
1488:
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1744:. ABC-CLIO.
1741:
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1710:. Retrieved
1706:the original
1701:
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1501:. Retrieved
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1437:. Retrieved
1433:the original
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1151:Eilean Donan
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960:
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839:
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815:Cape Passaro
801:
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598:Italian Wars
504:
377:Cape Passaro
357:
158:
153:Belligerents
140:Savoy cedes
51:
1712:27 February
1662:. Penguin.
1587:Dhondt 2017
1542:Tucker 2009
1518:Szechi 1994
1503:27 February
1477:27 February
1454:Solano 2011
1439:27 February
1216:The French
1193:George Wade
1189:Lord Cobham
1155:Highlanders
397:Francavilla
252:George Byng
123:Territorial
1777:Categories
1732:0719037743
1566:Oates 2019
1554:Oates 2019
1530:Simms 2007
1410:References
1241:driven off
1205:Pontevedra
1181:Portsmouth
836:Background
811:Royal Navy
767:, and the
392:Glen Shiel
144:to Austria
77:1720-02-17
73:1718-08-02
1760:cite book
1336:Footnotes
1201:Redondela
1073:Catalonia
973:with the
824:The 1720
722:1808–1814
717:1793–1795
707:1718–1720
702:1688–1697
697:1683–1684
692:1673–1678
687:1667–1668
680:1648–1653
675:1641–1659
670:1640–1659
665:1635–1659
660:1628–1631
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638:1551–1559
633:1542–1544
628:1536–1538
623:1526–1529
618:1521–1526
613:1512–1516
608:1502–1504
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540:1815–1832
535:1804–1808
530:1796–1802
525:1779–1783
520:1762–1763
515:1739–1748
510:1727–1729
505:1718–1720
500:1702–1713
495:1662–1668
490:1654–1660
485:1625–1630
480:1585–1604
402:Pensacola
1319:See also
1183:and the
1139:Jacobite
1077:Brittany
986:Outbreak
944:Sardinia
908:Louis XV
854:Flanders
797:Scotland
372:Sardinia
133:Sardinia
98:Scotland
85:Location
75: –
1597:Sources
1373:Italian
1245:militia
1237:Bahamas
1235:in the
1143:Galicia
1028:Milazzo
1020:Messina
1018:, near
1000:Messina
992:Palermo
904:Austria
858:Austria
765:Austria
757:Britain
382:Milazzo
198:Austria
129:Austria
125:changes
106:Bahamas
71: (
1748:
1729:
1685:
1666:
1365:German
1357:French
1295:Legacy
1285:Sicily
1233:Nassau
1137:, the
1087:Sicily
1081:Vannes
948:Sicily
900:France
862:Sicily
860:, and
781:Sicily
761:France
422:Nassau
207:
186:France
183:
169:
142:Sicily
131:cedes
113:Result
94:Sicily
90:Iberia
1608:(PDF)
1349:Dutch
1251:Peace
1133:with
939:Savoy
882:Parma
866:Savoy
850:Italy
830:Savoy
785:Spain
773:Italy
753:Spain
222:Spain
137:Savoy
1766:link
1746:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1714:2019
1683:ISBN
1664:ISBN
1505:2019
1479:2019
1441:2019
1229:Cuba
1203:and
1191:and
1169:Vigo
946:and
852:and
783:and
747:The
734:1823
727:1815
655:1625
66:Date
1063:to
981:War
902:or
864:to
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