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Modern construction frequently uses cast concrete with an internal steel reinforcement. That allows for greater elasticity, as well as providing excellent static and seismic resistance, and preserves the unity between shape and structure typical of buildings with external load-bearing walls. All the
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covered with boards, stones or bricks. That outer surface was used to give the embankment greater strength and make it more difficult for enemies to climb. The
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165:. The technique continued to be used over the centuries, as evidenced by the constructions of defensive walls and large works during
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structural elements can be linked to any rubble walls thus created, freeing the internal spaces from excessive constraints.
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103:. Some medieval cathedral walls have outer shells of ashlar with an inner backfill of mortarless rubble and dirt.
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197:—Conceptually analogous to rubble within ashlar in the sense that a frame is filled in with a filler material
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in Egypt, which is 14 meters high and built in rubble masonry, dates back to 2900–2600 BC
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and made particular use of it in the construction of the defensive walls of their
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Advanced dam engineering for design, construction, and rehabilitation
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Operative
Plasterers' and Cement Masons' International Association
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RA Tomlinson (1961). "Emplekton
Masonry and 'Greek Structura
191:—Masonry made of mixed sizes of stone but in regular courses
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The Romans made extensive use of rubble masonry, calling it
91:. It may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit
717:
International Union of
Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers
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115:(squared on all joints and beds) before laying, set in
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is rough, uneven building stone not laid in regular
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161:was the name given to the filling between the two
111:Square rubble masonry consists of stones that are
127:Irregular rubble, or sack, masonry evolved from
252:Robert B. Jansen (1988). Robert B. Jansen, ed.
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142:The Greeks called the construction technique
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119:, and make up the outer surface of a wall.
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34:Section of wall faced with dressed stone (
727:Mason Contractors Association of America
722:Master of Work to the Crown of Scotland
284:Ancient Greek fortifications 500–300 BC
207:
62:Rubble masonry core of the unfinished
7:
750:
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768:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
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297:The Architecture of Brick Facing
214:Fleming, Honour, & Pevsner.
572:Non-explosive demolition agents
271:The Journal of Hellenic Studies
185:—Metal cages filled with stones
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282:Nic Fields & Brian Delf.
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737:Worshipful Company of Masons
216:A Dictionary of Architecture
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286:. Osprey Publishing, 2006.
54:, Greece, 16th century BCE
38:) with rubble masonry fill
562:Lewis (lifting appliance)
135:, in Wadi Al-Garawi near
233:Encyclopædia Britannica
50:, Helladic cemetery of
764:-related article is a
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27:Type of building stone
273:Vol. 81. pp. 133–140.
107:Square rubble masonry
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386:Massive precut stone
381:Post-tensioned stone
295:A. Acocella (1989).
582:Stonemason's hammer
547:Ceramic tile cutter
133:Sadd el-Khafara dam
825:Architecture stubs
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671:Hardstone carving
618:Polygonal masonry
442:Decorative stones
155:opus caementicium
16:(Redirected from
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577:Plug and feather
427:Artificial stone
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229:"Rubble masonry"
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189:Snecked masonry
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815:Building stone
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371:Letter cutting
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81:Rubble masonry
75: 1316 CE
48:Grave Circle A
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710:Organizations
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701:Machicolation
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557:Diamond blade
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537:Angle grinder
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820:Stonemasonry
770:expanding it
762:architecture
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633:Tuckpointing
587:Straightedge
521:Stone veneer
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337:Stonemasonry
296:
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236:. Retrieved
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171:
159:caementicium
158:
152:
141:
126:
110:
85:rubble stone
84:
80:
79:
68:Qutb complex
63:
46:The wall at
542:Bush hammer
477:Lime mortar
356:Rustication
129:embankments
18:Quarrystone
809:Categories
696:Stone wall
623:Repointing
596:Techniques
452:Fieldstone
437:Cast stone
391:Monumental
202:References
163:revetments
157:, because
64:Alai Minar
691:Sculpture
680:Footstone
676:Headstone
643:Brickwork
628:Scabbling
608:Flushwork
504:Sandstone
482:Limestone
457:Flagstone
420:Materials
401:Sculpture
366:Dry stone
256:Springer.
144:emplekton
70:, India,
659:Products
613:Knapping
406:Slipform
238:23 March
177:See also
167:medieval
95:such as
603:Flaming
467:Granite
411:Snecked
376:Masonry
361:Carving
299:. Rome.
169:times.
123:History
113:dressed
93:masonry
89:courses
66:in the
52:Mycenae
686:Mosaic
666:Castle
638:Veneer
567:Trowel
552:Chisel
499:Mortar
487:Marble
462:Gabion
396:Rubble
351:Ashlar
183:Gabion
148:poleis
137:Helwan
117:mortar
101:ashlar
36:ashlar
760:This
648:Wythe
530:Tools
516:Slate
492:Types
472:Grout
432:Brick
344:Types
97:brick
766:stub
509:List
240:2023
269:".
99:or
83:or
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231:.
150:.
72:c.
797:e
790:t
783:v
772:.
682:)
678:(
329:e
322:t
315:v
267:'
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
