558:
484:
1210:
84:
59:
40:
463:
breeds in streams, laying the eggs in water under stones. Reproduction takes place in April–October. Male frogs call near slow-flowing sections of streams or around pools adjacent to streams. The advertisement call consists of three to seven notes, the last being the longest. Pairs in
479:
in Hong Kong. These populations exhibit high site fidelity. Populations have low densities (13–42 frogs per 100 m of stream) and female-biased sex ratio. Each female produced an average 1.26 juveniles that survived until the age of 2 years. Annual survival was low, 38–65%.
457:. Later studies has shown that usually males are larger than females, but with considerable overlap between sexes. Body size is positively correlated with maximum temperature and rainfall. Mean body weight among males may reach at least 133 g (4.7 oz).
267:. Its names refer to the distinctive characteristics of the species, relatively large size and the spiny chest of male frogs. Giant in frog terms only, it can nevertheless grow to lengths above 10 cm (4 in); this makes it the largest frog in
452:
are moderately large frogs: males grow to a snout–vent length of about 80 mm (3.1 in) and females to 82 mm (3.2 in) or more, up to 128 mm (5.0 in) in snout–vent length. It is the largest frog in
514:
are also farmed, but farming operations are likely based on tadpoles or juveniles sourced from wild population, instead of captive breeding. Thus, farming may not reduce the pressure on wild populations.
531:
because the decline is estimated to be more than 30% over the last three generations. The main reasons for the decline is (over)collection for human consumption, and it is also threatened by
434:
is associated with rocky streams in evergreen forests and open countryside on hills and mountains. Its altitude range is about 200–1,500 m (660–4,920 ft) above sea level.
786:
502:
is an important food and medicinal resource in China and considered as a delicacy. Populations are heavily harvested, and overcollection is implicated in population declines. In
658:
528:
1401:
535:
caused by agriculture and dam construction. Moderate levels of exploitation are sufficient to increase extinction risk markedly, at least in small populations.
557:
676:
541:
is not designated as a State
Protected Animal in China, and there are no regulations for its protection, except in protected areas. However, sale of wild
1496:
906:
Zhou, Y.; Zhang, J. Y.; Zheng, R. Q.; Yu, B. G.; Yang, G. (2009). "Complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of the mitochondrial genome of
1455:
1349:
549:, and farmed frogs need to be certified. Whether these regulations are enforced is not yet known, but they have potential to help wild populations.
1468:
1375:
1302:
483:
1526:
743:
Yu, B. G.; Zheng, R. Q.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, C. T. (2010). "Geographic variation in body size and sexual size dimorphism in the giant spiny frog
1521:
794:
1001:
446:
are the keratinized skin spines in the chest of males. It is dark brown in colour, interspersed with dense, yellowish mottling.
1516:
1057:
1297:
1473:
1380:
1139:
Li, Can; Zhao, Weishan; Zhang, Dong; Wang, Runqiu; Wang, Guitang; Zou, Hong; Li, Wenxiang; Wu, Shangong; Li, Ming (2018).
1511:
1506:
1310:
945:
Zheng, R. Q.; Ye, R.; Yu, Y.; Yang, G. (2009). "Fifteen polymorphic microsatellite markers for the giant spiny frog,
1406:
83:
418:
292:
280:
1209:
1224:
1315:
652:
412:
355:
341:
178:
1262:
818:"Phylogeographic analyses strongly suggest cryptic speciation in the giant spiny frog (Dicroglossidae:
1336:
1271:
837:
716:
424:
363:
48:
1038:
974:
764:
636:
524:
204:
78:
63:
1501:
1442:
1323:
1198:
1180:
997:
966:
927:
865:
1188:
1172:
1121:
1073:
1030:
958:
919:
855:
845:
756:
631:
20:
1393:
523:
This species is believed to have declined dramatically in abundance. It is classified as "
350:
1276:
1021:) from different populations differ in thermal preference but not in thermal tolerance".
841:
612:
Michael Wai Neng Lau, Geng
Baorong, Gu Huiqing, Peter Paul van Dijk, Raoul Bain (2004).
1193:
1140:
860:
817:
416:
described in 2009 as a new species from that country. It may also have been mixed with
248:
145:
1490:
1388:
962:
622:
613:
391:
68:
1042:
978:
768:
1447:
1328:
1083:
532:
195:
996:(in Chinese). Zhengzhou: Henan Press of Science and Technology. pp. 208–210.
1433:
1125:
850:
1362:
1284:
1256:
510:
for domestic consumption is of the same magnitude as global trade of frog meat.
476:
1176:
923:
39:
1078:
1034:
760:
565:
1247:
1184:
454:
395:
371:
332:
268:
125:
95:
1202:
1112:
frogs in China reveals high vulnerability to widespread harvest pressure".
970:
931:
869:
1427:
1241:
1157:(Anura): morphological and molecular study, with emphasis on validity of
465:
308:
155:
115:
1460:
1354:
1289:
503:
407:
399:
336:
324:
316:
1108:
Chan, H. K.; Shoemaker, K. T.; Karraker, N. E. (2014). "Demography of
410:. No certain records exist from Vietnam, earlier records may refer to
1367:
569:
546:
320:
312:
296:
105:
1218:
295:. The lineages are geographically distinct; one lineage is found in
816:
Ye, S.; Huang, H.; Zheng, R.; Zhang, J.; Yang, G.; Xu, S. (2013).
556:
482:
387:
328:
304:
300:
719:. Programmes of Ecology & Biodiversity, Hong Kong University
403:
244:
135:
1341:
1222:
883:
Dubois, A. & Ohler, A. (2009). "A new species of the genus
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
785:
19:"Giant spiny frog" redirects here. Not to be confused with
887:(Anura, Ranidae, Dicroglossinae) from northern Vietnam".
685:
Amphibian
Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference
319:), and the third one in south-central China (southern
1017:
Zheng, R. Q.; Liu, C. T. (2010). "Giant spiny-frog (
1417:
1231:
370:has been sequenced, helping to shed light into the
793:. The Government of Hong Kong SAR. Archived from
287:is split in three distinct lineages; the nominal
251:. It is known under many common names, including
1058:"The advertisement call of the giant spiny frog
529:International Union for Conservation of Nature
8:
738:
736:
734:
657:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
637:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58439A11781309.en
475:has been studied for two populations in the
506:province alone, the value of production of
1219:
57:
38:
27:
1192:
1077:
859:
849:
635:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1093:
670:
668:
595:
442:The most distinctive characteristic of
780:
778:
650:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
7:
1056:Yu, Baogen; Zheng, Rongquan (2009).
822:) and interspecies hybridization in
687:. American Museum of Natural History
623:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
747:(David, 1875) (Anura: Ranoidae)".
468:are found within the chorus area.
14:
366:(18,012 base pairs in length) of
1497:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
1208:
963:10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02420.x
715:Tony, Hung Tun Hei (2006–2011).
398:. It is expected to be found in
82:
1161:(Armophorea, Clevelandellida)"
299:, another one in southeastern
1:
283:analyses have suggested that
1527:Amphibians described in 1875
1126:10.1016/j.biocon.2013.12.014
994:Atlas of Amphibians of China
851:10.1371/journal.pone.0070403
951:Molecular Ecology Resources
490:in its stream side habitat.
1543:
1522:Taxa named by Armand David
924:10.1016/j.gene.2009.07.009
749:Journal of Natural History
585:Sicuophora multigranularis
562:Sicuophora multigranularis
438:Description and life cycle
18:
1035:10.1007/s10452-009-9310-3
787:"Amphibians of Hong Kong"
761:10.1080/00222931003632682
675:Frost, Darrel R. (2017).
471:Population demography of
210:
203:
184:
177:
79:Scientific classification
77:
55:
46:
37:
30:
1177:10.1051/parasite/2018035
477:Tai Mo Shan Country Park
382:Distribution and habitat
1114:Biological Conservation
1079:10.1093/czoolo/55.6.411
419:Quasipaa verrucospinosa
293:cryptic species complex
1517:Endemic fauna of China
576:
491:
281:molecular phylogenetic
630:: e.T58439A11781309.
568:), a parasite of the
560:
486:
413:Quasipaa acanthophora
356:Quasipaa acanthophora
342:Quasipaa exilispinosa
339:). In this analysis,
291:may thus represent a
1086:on 19 December 2013.
910:(Anura: Ranoidae)".
583:include the ciliate
545:is now forbidden in
425:Nanorana yunnanensis
364:mitochondrial genome
16:Species of amphibian
1512:Amphibians of China
842:2013PLoSO...870403Y
797:on 19 December 2013
378:and related frogs.
261:Chinese edible frog
49:Conservation status
1507:Fauna of Hong Kong
717:"Giant Spiny Frog"
577:
492:
253:Chinese spiny frog
1484:
1483:
1225:Taxon identifiers
345:is nested within
236:
235:
231:
224:
217:
72:
1534:
1477:
1476:
1464:
1463:
1451:
1450:
1438:
1437:
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1410:
1409:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1370:
1358:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1332:
1331:
1319:
1318:
1306:
1305:
1303:Quasipaa-spinosa
1293:
1292:
1280:
1279:
1277:Quasipaa_spinosa
1267:
1266:
1265:
1263:Quasipaa spinosa
1252:
1251:
1250:
1233:Quasipaa spinosa
1220:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1206:
1196:
1155:Quasipaa spinosa
1136:
1130:
1129:
1105:
1088:
1087:
1082:. Archived from
1081:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1014:
1008:
1007:
992:Fei, L. (1999).
989:
983:
982:
942:
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935:
903:
897:
896:
880:
874:
873:
863:
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813:
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804:
802:
782:
773:
772:
740:
729:
728:
726:
724:
712:
697:
696:
694:
692:
679:Quasipaa spinosa
672:
663:
662:
656:
648:
646:
644:
639:
616:Quasipaa spinosa
609:
581:Quasipaa spinosa
574:Quasipaa spinosa
543:Quasipaa spinosa
539:Quasipaa spinosa
512:Quasipaa spinosa
508:Quasipaa spinosa
500:Quasipaa spinosa
488:Quasipaa spinosa
473:Quasipaa spinosa
461:Quasipaa spinosa
450:Quasipaa spinosa
444:Quasipaa spinosa
432:Quasipaa spinosa
368:Quasipaa spinosa
347:Quasipaa spinosa
289:Quasipaa spinosa
285:Quasipaa spinosa
257:giant spiny frog
243:is a species of
240:Quasipaa spinosa
229:
222:
215:
190:
188:Quasipaa spinosa
87:
86:
66:
61:
60:
42:
32:Quasipaa spinosa
28:
21:Spiny giant frog
1542:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1472:
1467:
1459:
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1405:
1400:
1392:
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1283:
1275:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1227:
1217:
1207:
1151:multigranularis
1138:
1137:
1133:
1107:
1106:
1091:
1066:Current Zoology
1055:
1054:
1050:
1023:Aquatic Ecology
1016:
1015:
1011:
1004:
991:
990:
986:
944:
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905:
904:
900:
882:
881:
877:
815:
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798:
784:
783:
776:
755:(27–28): 1729.
742:
741:
732:
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688:
674:
673:
666:
649:
642:
640:
611:
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555:
521:
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440:
386:It is found in
384:
351:sibling species
277:
225:
218:
199:
192:
186:
173:
170:Q. spinosa
81:
73:
62:
58:
51:
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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1223:
1216:
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1131:
1089:
1072:(6): 411–415.
1048:
1009:
1002:
984:
957:(1): 336–338.
937:
898:
875:
808:
774:
730:
698:
681:(David, 1875)"
664:
594:
592:
589:
554:
551:
520:
517:
496:
493:
439:
436:
383:
380:
359:from Vietnam.
276:
273:
265:spiny paa frog
249:Dicroglossidae
247:in the family
234:
233:
208:
207:
201:
200:
193:
182:
181:
175:
174:
167:
165:
161:
160:
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146:Dicroglossidae
143:
139:
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99:
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15:
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9:
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1211:
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1127:
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1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
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1028:
1024:
1020:
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1005:
1003:7-5349-1835-9
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921:
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894:
890:
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862:
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852:
847:
843:
839:
836:(7): e70403.
835:
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827:
825:
821:
812:
809:
796:
792:
788:
781:
779:
775:
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766:
762:
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746:
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731:
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671:
669:
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629:
625:
624:
619:
617:
608:
606:
604:
602:
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596:
590:
588:
586:
582:
579:Parasites of
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
552:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
534:
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526:
518:
516:
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478:
474:
469:
467:
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437:
435:
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429:
427:
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409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:Yangtze River
390:south of the
389:
381:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
362:The complete
360:
358:
357:
352:
348:
344:
343:
338:
334:
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318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
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262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
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241:
232:
230:(David, 1875)
228:
221:
214:
209:
206:
202:
197:
191:
189:
183:
180:
179:Binomial name
176:
172:
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159:
158:
154:
151:
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147:
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107:
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100:
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85:
80:
76:
70:
65:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
1419:Rana spinosa
1418:
1232:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1147:Wichtermania
1146:
1142:
1134:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1084:the original
1069:
1065:
1059:
1051:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1012:
993:
987:
954:
950:
946:
940:
918:(2): 86–96.
915:
911:
907:
901:
892:
888:
884:
878:
833:
829:
823:
819:
811:
799:. Retrieved
795:the original
790:
752:
748:
744:
721:. Retrieved
689:. Retrieved
684:
678:
653:cite journal
641:. Retrieved
627:
621:
615:
584:
580:
578:
573:
561:
542:
538:
537:
533:habitat loss
522:
519:Conservation
511:
507:
499:
498:
487:
472:
470:
460:
459:
449:
448:
443:
441:
431:
430:
423:
417:
411:
394:, including
385:
375:
367:
361:
354:
346:
340:
288:
284:
278:
264:
260:
256:
252:
239:
238:
237:
226:
220:Rana spinosa
219:
213:Rana latrans
212:
211:
187:
185:
169:
168:
156:
31:
25:
1363:iNaturalist
1285:AmphibiaWeb
1257:Wikispecies
1060:Paa spinosa
1019:Paa spinosa
947:Paa spinosa
908:Paa spinosa
820:Paa spinosa
801:18 December
745:Paa spinosa
723:18 December
691:17 November
643:16 November
495:Utilization
311:, northern
227:Paa spinosa
223:David, 1875
216:David, 1872
1491:Categories
1159:Sicuophora
1143:Sicuophora
1029:(4): 723.
791:HK SPecies
591:References
566:Armophorea
525:Vulnerable
64:Vulnerable
1434:Q25293457
1185:1776-1042
553:Parasites
527:" by the
455:Hong Kong
396:Hong Kong
372:phylogeny
333:Guangdong
269:Hong Kong
164:Species:
102:Kingdom:
96:Eukaryota
1502:Quasipaa
1428:Wikidata
1242:Wikidata
1203:30052499
1165:Parasite
1110:Quasipaa
1043:20220630
979:42738290
971:21564643
932:19631263
895:: 49–61.
885:Quasipaa
870:23936199
830:PLOS ONE
769:85168977
466:amplexus
376:Quasipaa
309:Zhejiang
275:Taxonomy
205:Synonyms
157:Quasipaa
142:Family:
126:Amphibia
116:Chordata
112:Phylum:
106:Animalia
92:Domain:
69:IUCN 3.1
1461:2430532
1355:2430530
1248:Q954508
1194:6063722
1120:: 3–9.
861:3729840
838:Bibcode
504:Jiangxi
408:Myanmar
400:Vietnam
349:. It's
337:Guangxi
325:Jiangxi
317:Jiangxi
279:Recent
198:, 1875)
152:Genus:
132:Order:
122:Class:
67: (
1474:776216
1407:109965
1381:774170
1342:333016
1316:494322
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868:
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570:rectum
547:Fujian
406:, and
335:, and
321:Fujian
315:, and
313:Fujian
297:Yunnan
263:, and
1448:78QWS
1394:58439
1368:67012
1329:4R28R
1153:from
1039:S2CID
975:S2CID
765:S2CID
388:China
329:Hunan
305:Anhui
301:China
196:David
136:Anura
1469:ITIS
1456:GBIF
1402:NCBI
1389:IUCN
1376:ITIS
1350:GBIF
1311:BOLD
1290:4877
1199:PMID
1181:ISSN
998:ISBN
967:PMID
928:PMID
912:Gene
866:PMID
803:2013
725:2013
693:2017
659:link
645:2021
628:2004
422:and
404:Laos
245:frog
1443:CoL
1337:EoL
1324:CoL
1298:ASW
1272:ADW
1189:PMC
1173:doi
1122:doi
1118:170
1074:doi
1031:doi
959:doi
949:".
920:doi
916:447
856:PMC
846:doi
824:Paa
757:doi
632:doi
572:of
374:of
353:is
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