42:
383:
82:
51:
267:
409:, the maturation protein is called the A protein, as it belongs to the first open reading frame in the viral RNA. In Qβ the A protein was initially thought to be A1, as it is more abundant within the virion and is also required for infection. However, once the sequence of Qβ was determined, A1 was revealed to be a readthrough of the leaky stop codon.
373:
for both the replicase and the RNA product. In fact, pure Qbeta polymerase is not soluble enough to be produced in large quantities, and a fusion protein constructed from the replicase and the two EF subunits is usually used instead. The fusion can function independently of ribosomal protein S1.
283:, depending on the source which sequenced the virus. Qβ has been isolated all over the world, multiple times, with various subspecies that code for nearly identical proteins but can have very different nucleotide sequences.
441:
in experiments that favored faster replication, and thus shorter strands of RNA. He ended up with
Spiegelman's Monster, a minimal RNA chain of only 218 nucleotides that can be replicated by Qβ replicase.
647:
Kita H, Cho J, Matsuura T, Nakaishi T, Taniguchi I, Ichikawa T, Shima Y, Urabe I, Yomo T (May 2006). "Functional Qbeta replicase genetically fusing essential subunits EF-Ts and EF-Tu with beta-subunit".
951:
334:
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that replicates both the positive and negative RNA strands is a complex of four proteins: the catalytic beta subunit (replicase,
1020:
340:) is encoded by the phage, while the other three subunits are encoded by the bacterial genome: alpha subunit (ribosomal protein S1), gamma subunit (
402:, the maturation protein was shown to be taken up by the host along with the viral RNA and the maturation protein was subsequently cleaved.
759:
Moore CH, Farron F, Bohnert D, Weissmann C (September 1971). "Possible origin of a minor virus specific protein (A1) in Q-beta particles".
724:
Paranchych W, Ainsworth SK, Dick AJ, Krahn PM (September 1971). "Stages in phage R17 infection. V. Phage eclipse and the role of F pili".
839:"Structures of Qβ virions, virus-like particles, and the Qβ-MurA complex reveal internal coat proteins and the mechanism of host lysis"
902:
580:
700:
460:"Asymmetric cryo-EM structure of the canonical Allolevivirus Qβ reveals a single maturation protein and the genomic ssRNA in situ"
41:
58:
683:
Rūmnieks J, Tārs K (2018). "Protein-RNA Interactions in the Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages". In Harris RJ, Bhella D (eds.).
307:
998:
794:
Winter RB, Gold L (July 1983). "Overproduction of bacteriophage Q beta maturation (A2) protein leads to cell lysis".
1025:
81:
514:"Ongoing phenotypic and genomic changes in experimental coevolution of RNA bacteriophage Qβ and Escherichia coli"
235:
1048:
432:
919:
893:
1053:
423:
by binding to MurA, which catalyzes the first enzymatically committed step in cell wall biosynthesis.
398:
in the maturation protein are unable to infect their host, or are 'immature.' For the related +ssRNA
76:
598:"Assembly of Q{beta} viral RNA polymerase with host translational elongation factors EF-Tu and -Ts"
370:
382:
819:
287:
956:
572:
390:
All positive-strand RNA phages encode a maturation protein, whose function is to bind the host
1007:
898:
870:
811:
776:
741:
706:
696:
665:
629:
576:
563:
van Duin J, Tsareva N (2006). "Single-stranded RNA phages. Chapter 15". In
Calendar RL (ed.).
545:
491:
406:
399:
357:
860:
850:
803:
768:
733:
688:
657:
619:
609:
564:
535:
525:
481:
471:
248:
412:
A2 is the maturation protein for Qβ and has an additional role of being the lysis protein.
888:
311:
50:
865:
838:
624:
597:
540:
513:
486:
459:
438:
395:
837:
Cui Z, Gorzelnik KV, Chang JY, Langlais C, Jakana J, Young R, Zhang J (October 2017).
234:), commonly referred to as Qbeta or Qβ, is a species consisting of several strains of
1042:
807:
737:
565:
420:
352:
260:
142:
130:
118:
823:
1012:
983:
166:
154:
266:
692:
530:
992:
687:. Subcellular Biochemistry. Vol. 88. Springer Singapore. pp. 281–303.
326:
There are approximately 178 copies of the coat protein and/or A1 in the capsid.
253:
942:
843:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
602:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
464:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
17:
416:
303:
280:
855:
614:
476:
178:
106:
874:
772:
710:
669:
633:
549:
495:
815:
780:
745:
977:
936:
458:
Gorzelnik KV, Cui Z, Reed CA, Jakana J, Young R, Zhang J (October 2016).
336:
310:(RdRp) termed the replicase. The genome is highly structured, regulating
239:
661:
291:
67:
365:
361:
299:
270:
Schematic drawing of a levivirus virion (cross section and side view)
256:
913:
391:
381:
345:
341:
315:
295:
265:
263:
Qβ enters its host cell after binding to the side of the F-pilus.
243:
93:
62:
917:
394:
and the viral RNA. The maturation protein is named thus, as
306:
in the coat protein, called A1; and the β-subunit of an
571:(Second ed.). Oxford University Press. pp.
967:
926:
507:
505:
415:The mechanism of lysis is similar to that of
8:
914:
49:
40:
29:
864:
854:
685:Virus Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes
623:
613:
539:
529:
485:
475:
369:). The two EF proteins serve as a
650:Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
596:Takeshita D, Tomita K (September 2010).
279:The genome of Qβ is approximately 4,217
252:. Its linear genome is packaged into an
450:
437:RNA from Bacteriophage Qβ was used by
7:
61:of bacteriophage Qβ attached to the
512:Kashiwagi A, Yomo T (August 2011).
302:protein; a readthrough of a leaky
25:
314:and protecting itself from host
80:
419:; A2 inhibits the formation of
259:with a diameter of 28 nm.
386:Life cycle of bacteriophage Qβ
1:
897:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
808:10.1016/0092-8674(83)90030-2
738:10.1016/0042-6822(71)90176-0
693:10.1007/978-981-10-8456-0_13
531:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002188
308:RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase
378:Maturation/lysis protein A2
351:The structure of the Qbeta
1070:
928:Enterobacteria phage Qbeta
430:
236:positive-strand RNA virus
205:
200:
75:
57:
48:
39:
32:
211:Enterobacteria phage MX1
208:Enterobacteria phage M11
999:Escherichia virus Qbeta
856:10.1073/pnas.1707102114
615:10.1073/pnas.1006559107
477:10.1073/pnas.1609482113
217:Enterobacteria phage VK
214:Enterobacteria phage ST
773:10.1038/newbio234204a0
387:
344:), and delta subunit (
271:
385:
286:The genome has three
269:
891:; Wong, Yan (2016).
433:Spiegelman's monster
77:Virus classification
894:The Ancestor's Tale
849:(44): 11697–11702.
662:10.1263/jbb.101.421
470:(41): 11519–11524.
288:open reading frames
226:Bacteriophage Qbeta
567:The Bacteriophages
388:
272:
1036:
1035:
920:Taxon identifiers
407:bacteriophage MS2
400:bacteriophage MS2
355:has been solved (
294:: the maturation/
290:that encode four
223:
222:
16:(Redirected from
1061:
1029:
1028:
1016:
1015:
1003:
1002:
1001:
988:
987:
986:
960:
959:
947:
946:
945:
915:
909:
908:
889:Dawkins, Richard
885:
879:
878:
868:
858:
834:
828:
827:
791:
785:
784:
756:
750:
749:
721:
715:
714:
680:
674:
673:
644:
638:
637:
627:
617:
593:
587:
586:
570:
560:
554:
553:
543:
533:
509:
500:
499:
489:
479:
455:
368:
339:
298:protein A2; the
249:Escherichia coli
246:, most commonly
85:
84:
53:
44:
30:
27:Species of virus
21:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1024:
1019:
1011:
1006:
997:
996:
991:
982:
981:
976:
969:Qubevirus durum
963:
955:
950:
941:
940:
935:
922:
912:
905:
887:
886:
882:
836:
835:
831:
793:
792:
788:
758:
757:
753:
723:
722:
718:
703:
682:
681:
677:
646:
645:
641:
608:(36): 15733–8.
595:
594:
590:
583:
562:
561:
557:
524:(8): e1002188.
511:
510:
503:
457:
456:
452:
448:
435:
429:
380:
356:
335:
332:
324:
322:Coat protein A1
312:gene expression
277:
231:Qubevirus durum
201:Member viruses
196:
193:Qubevirus durum
79:
71:and its genome
34:Qubevirus durum
28:
23:
22:
18:Qubevirus durum
15:
12:
11:
5:
1067:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1049:Bacteriophages
1041:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1017:
1004:
989:
973:
971:
965:
964:
962:
961:
948:
932:
930:
924:
923:
918:
911:
910:
904:978-0544859937
903:
880:
829:
786:
751:
716:
701:
675:
639:
588:
582:978-0195148503
581:
555:
501:
449:
447:
444:
439:Sol Spiegelman
431:Main article:
428:
425:
379:
376:
331:
330:Replicase/RdRp
328:
323:
320:
276:
273:
238:which infects
221:
220:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
203:
202:
198:
197:
190:
188:
184:
183:
176:
172:
171:
164:
160:
159:
152:
148:
147:
140:
136:
135:
128:
124:
123:
116:
112:
111:
104:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
73:
72:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1066:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1000:
994:
990:
985:
979:
975:
974:
972:
970:
966:
958:
953:
949:
944:
938:
934:
933:
931:
929:
925:
921:
916:
906:
900:
896:
895:
890:
884:
881:
876:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
848:
844:
840:
833:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
802:(3): 877–85.
801:
797:
790:
787:
782:
778:
774:
770:
767:(50): 204–6.
766:
762:
755:
752:
747:
743:
739:
735:
732:(3): 615–28.
731:
727:
720:
717:
712:
708:
704:
702:9789811084553
698:
694:
690:
686:
679:
676:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
643:
640:
635:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
607:
603:
599:
592:
589:
584:
578:
574:
569:
568:
559:
556:
551:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
523:
519:
518:PLOS Genetics
515:
508:
506:
502:
497:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
469:
465:
461:
454:
451:
445:
443:
440:
434:
426:
424:
422:
421:peptidoglycan
418:
413:
410:
408:
403:
401:
397:
396:amber mutants
393:
384:
377:
375:
372:
367:
363:
359:
354:
353:RNA replicase
349:
347:
343:
338:
329:
327:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
284:
282:
274:
268:
264:
262:
261:Bacteriophage
258:
255:
251:
250:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:
227:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
204:
199:
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194:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
144:Leviviricetes
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
132:Lenarviricota
129:
126:
125:
122:
121:
120:Orthornavirae
117:
114:
113:
110:
109:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:
31:
19:
1054:Fiersviridae
968:
927:
892:
883:
846:
842:
832:
799:
795:
789:
764:
760:
754:
729:
725:
719:
684:
678:
656:(5): 421–6.
653:
649:
642:
605:
601:
591:
566:
558:
521:
517:
467:
463:
453:
436:
414:
411:
404:
389:
350:
333:
325:
285:
278:
247:
230:
229:
225:
224:
192:
191:
179:
168:Fiersviridae
167:
156:Norzivirales
155:
143:
131:
119:
107:
100:
90:(unranked):
66:
33:
993:Wikispecies
427:Experiments
281:nucleotides
254:icosahedral
1043:Categories
984:Q106960755
446:References
417:penicillin
304:stop codon
242:that have
371:chaperone
187:Species:
180:Qubevirus
115:Kingdom:
108:Riboviria
978:Wikidata
957:11459720
943:Q4840022
937:Wikidata
875:29078304
824:54345352
726:Virology
711:29900502
670:16781472
634:20798060
550:21829387
496:27671640
292:proteins
275:Genetics
240:bacteria
163:Family:
127:Phylum:
1026:2846023
866:5676892
816:6871998
781:5288806
746:4108185
625:2936634
541:3150450
487:5068298
175:Genus:
151:Order:
139:Class:
68:E. coli
901:
873:
863:
822:
814:
779:
761:Nature
744:
709:
699:
668:
632:
622:
579:
575:–196.
548:
538:
494:
484:
337:P14647
316:RNases
257:capsid
244:F-pili
1013:8TWBL
952:IRMNG
820:S2CID
392:pilus
346:EF-Ts
342:EF-Tu
296:lysis
101:Realm
94:Virus
63:pilus
1021:NCBI
899:ISBN
871:PMID
812:PMID
796:Cell
777:PMID
742:PMID
707:PMID
697:ISBN
666:PMID
630:PMID
577:ISBN
546:PMID
492:PMID
366:3AGQ
362:3AGP
300:coat
1008:CoL
861:PMC
851:doi
847:114
804:doi
769:doi
765:234
734:doi
689:doi
658:doi
654:101
620:PMC
610:doi
606:107
573:175
536:PMC
526:doi
482:PMC
472:doi
468:113
405:In
358:PDB
348:).
65:of
59:TEM
1045::
1023::
1010::
995::
980::
954::
939::
869:.
859:.
845:.
841:.
818:.
810:.
800:33
798:.
775:.
763:.
740:.
730:45
728:.
705:.
695:.
664:.
652:.
628:.
618:.
604:.
600:.
544:.
534:.
520:.
516:.
504:^
490:.
480:.
466:.
462:.
364:,
360::
318:.
103::
907:.
877:.
853::
826:.
806::
783:.
771::
748:.
736::
713:.
691::
672:.
660::
636:.
612::
585:.
552:.
528::
522:7
498:.
474::
228:(
20:)
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