1476:
32:
1732:
939:
1682:" were used to express frustration without cursing or profaning (taking the Lord's name in vain). This typically involved the recitation of a rhyming couplet, where a shocked person might say, "Jesus who, for love of me / Died on the Cross at Calvary" instead of "Jesus!" This is often abbreviated simply to "Jesus-hoo-fer-luv-a-me", an expression still heard among elderly Irish people. "Jesus, Mary and Joseph!" is used in Quebec French:
2490:
1468:
89:
1490:
It appears that throughout the New-France period, settlement originated from French
Protestants strongholds as the increasing pressure from the Counter-Reformation made it harder and harder for them to live in France. This would suggest that Quebec swear words were originally an expression of their
961:
In Québec French, swear words can be combined into more powerful combinations to express extreme anger or disgust. These intricate uses of French profanities can be difficult to master. The combinations are endless; some people in both Quebec and francophone communities in other provinces community
1674:
in the original Quebec French, since they have no real equivalent in
English. She gives a brief explanation and history of these terms in her introduction, including a few not listed here. At a crucial point in the story, a boy swears in the presence of his father. For the first time, instead of
1483:
About a third of the established settlers came from the Pays de Caux in the
Northern part of Normandie «The Pays de Caux... formed a kind of triangle bounded by the port cities of Rouen, Dieppe and Le Havre. These three communities stand out as the only real points of concentration (settler
1484:
provenance in
Normandy)» also «The Pays de Caux housed probably the largest concentration of rural Protestants north of the Loire» and another third from the Poitou area (which includes Angoumois, Aunis, Saintonge), where lived France's greatest concentrations of Huguenots at that time.
1455:
The main Quebec swear words refer to aspects of
Catholic worship and practice that Calvinists have historically rejected or objected to, including eucharistic adoration, transubstantiation, the Virgin Mary (viarge) and simony (simonaque). They are expressed in French rather than Latin.
1446:
Since the roughly twenty initial words have generated close to four-hundred euphemisms and thousands of set constructions, all equally present in all regions of Quebec, it would make more sense to have them begin their development at an earlier time than the mid-nineteenth century.
748:
tabarchum, tabarslaque, tabarclak, tabarnache, barnac, tabarnane, taberolls, tabréré, tabebouts, tabebruns, tabergaut, tabertix, taberguermon, tabermeuns, taberuph, tabermost, taberax, taberkalu, taberpuch, tabarlan, tabarlie, taberson, tabersiouf, taberbooger, taberkhalil, tabeurn,
622:). Such forms are not usually considered nearly as rude as the original. They are the equivalent of English words such as "gosh", "heck", or "darn". Many of the euphemistic forms are only similar-sounding to religious terms, so are considered not to denigrate the Church directly.
1459:«The reformers unanimously rejected transubstantiation, ⊠understand that words alone are not strong enough to illustrate this philosophy.» and «You have to understand the hatred they feel in the face of what they perceive as a fraud.»
346:(see "Intricate forms", below) and many combinations are possible. Since swear words are voluntarily blasphemous, the spellings are usually different from the words from which they originate. For example,
299:
are commonly given in a phonetic spelling to indicate the differences in pronunciation from the original word, several of which (notably, the deletion of final consonants and change of to before
1417:("That fucker, who was pissed off, kicked out that dickhead, who was fucking furious.") with each content word (noun, verb, adjective or adverb) replaced with a profane synonym. This usage of
1221:
1771:
1130:), without any restrictions. Long strings of invective can be connected in this way, and the resulting expression does not have to have any concrete meaningâfor example,
377:
1169:
dialogue. The same goes for "shit" (which in Quebec French is used only as an interjection expressing dismay, never as the noun for excrement). When used as a verb,
1142:(literally, "My Christ of (a) car is broken, chalice of (the) tabernacle"). In areas where English is also commonly spoken, English expletives are often inserted.
1117:. Depending on the context and the tone of the phrases, it might make everybody quiet, but some people use these words to add rhythm or emphasis to sentences.
241:, which can be thought of as the Franco-Canadian equivalent of the English "goddamn it". It is known to have been in use as early as the 1830s. The word
229:
originated in the early 19th century, when the social control exerted by the
Catholic clergy was increasingly a source of frustration. One of the oldest
1519:
are relatively common expressions in the northeast, which are lighter (and a little less common) than the typical blasphemies in use in Italy, such as
1867:
1443:) faith can be considered, looking at both the initial meaning expressed by the swear words and the geographic origin of the settlers of New-France.
888:
Sometimes older people unable to bring themselves to swear with church words or their derivatives would make up ostensibly innocuous phrases, such as
263:"Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain" (Exodus 20:7). The influence and social importance of Catholicism at that time allowed
2172:
1487:
This fact has already been noted in a different context «The geographical areas where women were recruited coincide with the
Protestant areas.»
1136:(literally, "My host of (the) holy sacrament of (the) chalice of Christ"). Non-religious terms may also be strung together in this way, as in
2156:
2137:
2114:
1889:
53:
2234:
2211:
1620:("I shit on ...") followed by "God", "the blessed chalice", "the Virgin" and other terms, religious or not. It can be shortened to just
2087:
2016:
1951:
1927:
75:
1995:
Benedict, Philip (1991). "The
Huguenot population of France, 1600-1685: The Demographic Fate and Customs of a Religious Minority".
1003:
to mean the human mouth or face. The whole sentence can be summarized as "I'm gonna beat your fucking face in, you motherfucker".
1475:
1216:. The same is not true of Quebec's English-language television stations, which follow the same guidelines as other stations in
1781:
2426:
1976:
1809:
307:. The nouns here can also be modified for use as verbs (see "Non-profane uses", below). Additionally, some forms, notably
1838:
2460:
46:
40:
2519:
2299:
2514:
2454:
2264:
1120:
Usually, more than one of these words is used in Franco-Canadian profanity. The words are simply connected with
57:
1750:
1196:
Even
English-language dialogue containing these words can appear on Quebec French-language television without
2204:
2125:
1426:
188:
2524:
1011:: Very strong expression of anger. Can also be used as a descriptive phrase expressing anger or derision:
954:
300:
2406:
1679:
1510:
474:
277:
1675:
beating or punishing his son, the father swears back. This represents the boy's passage into manhood.
1212:
had been cancelled, TV news reporters solemnly read out a few lyrics and song titles from their album
2475:
2411:
2314:
2269:
420:
1264:
means "to beat the fuck out of", "to kick one's ass" or, more literally, "to give a beating", where
2304:
2249:
2239:
1175:(literally, "Go shit"), means not to excrete but rather to "fuck off". When used in the past-tense
596:
2493:
2465:
2324:
2284:
2259:
2197:
2130:
Practical
Handbook of Quebec and Acadian French: Manuel Pratique Du Français Québécois Et Acadien
2022:
1885:
1834:
1368:
These expressions are found less commonly in literature, but rappers and other singers often use
912:("holy ciborium of the tabernacle"). Another example of a benign word that is church sounding is
184:
2041:
938:
259:
started to refer to the words Quebecers were not supposed to say. This is likely related to the
2079:
2071:
1250:, etc.) means "a lot of food", similar to English constructs such as "fuck-ton" or "shitload".
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2375:
2349:
2344:
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2012:
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573:
127:
1642:("Your mother's host!") is sometimes used with "Easter", "Christ", "Cross", "Commemoration" (
1047:: Denotes extreme apathy and suppressed anger, similar to the English "I don't give a fuck".
918:, which was simply an anglicism for "coal-tar", but pronounced just so, sounds like a merged
2448:
2421:
2309:
2289:
2053:
2004:
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273:
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101:
97:
2042:"Les filles à marier, envoyées en Nouvelle-France (1632-1685). Une émigration protestante?"
1664:(published under that title in French and English and meaning roughly "War, you bet!"), by
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1657:
1579:
1201:
202:
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are considered stronger in Québec than the foul expressions common to other varieties of
1895:
2416:
2173:
Swearing in Quebec: If you profane something no one holds sacred, does it make a swear?
1061:: Expression of anger aimed at someone perceived to be lacking in intellectual acumen;
180:
1920:
Le guide raisonné des jurons: langue, littérature, histoire et dictionnaire des jurons
1157:(with meanings varying from "crazy, disturbed" to "broken down") is much milder than "
2508:
2438:
2334:
1737:
1358:
1209:
408:
304:
192:
172:
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Other dialects in the world feature this kind of profanity, such as the expressions
2365:
1969:
De Français à paysans: modernité et tradition dans le peuplement du Canada français
1665:
1535:). Modifying the terms into euphemistic equivalents is used in Italy; for example,
1197:
20:
2183:
1971:. Sillery (Québec) Paris: Septentrion Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne.
1380:
as a rhyme. More traditional singers also use these words, such as Quebec singer
2443:
1467:
1411:("Jules, who was irritated, violently ejected Jacques, who was angry.") becomes
1088:
906:, "green"). This phrase when pronounced quickly by a native speaker sounds like
673:
cristie, crime, crimebine, criff, cliss, christophe, Christophe Colomb, crimpuff
619:
376:, and so on. There is no general agreement on how to write these words, and the
340:
Often, several of these words are strung together when used adjectivally, as in
168:
160:
88:
1503:, although to a lesser extent, some analogous words are in use: in particular,
1499:
The use of liturgical profanity is not unique to Canadian French or Quebec. In
2390:
1727:
1362:
2432:
2385:
2220:
2097:
1868:"The F-word can fly in French, broadcast watchdog says - The Globe and Mail"
1776:
1440:
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615:
514:
123:
2057:
1205:
946:
942:
2380:
2026:
1548:
1414:
Le sacrament qui Ă©tait en calvaire a calissĂ© dehors lâostie en tabarnak
736:
390:
164:
2072:"Prayer or Profanity? A guide to cursing in Quebecois (Gary Bergeron)"
1099:
A very strong way to express anger or frustration is to use the words
962:
consider mixing and matching swear words to be a sort of skilled art.
818:): "shit", used in conjunction with other words, sometimes profanity:
280:
in Quebec has declined but the profanity still remains in use today.
1944:
Huguenots et protestants francophones au Québec: fragments d'histoire
1702:(the God of it!), they often use another word which also begins with
1408:
Jules, étant irrité, a expulsé violemment Jacques qui était en colÚre
1217:
1166:
950:
556:
440:
2008:
1745:
1690:
Hungarians, primarily Catholics, follow the same suit: instead of
1474:
1466:
998:
937:
526:
87:
1158:
1084:
1023:("Jesus fucking Christ, there's no way you can be this stupid").
496:
492:
212:
19:"Sacre" redirects here. For the Canadian basketball player, see
2193:
1036:
Crisse de cĂąlice de tabarnak d'esti de sacrament de trou viarge
247:
in its current meaning is believed to come from the expression
647:
calvĂące, calvince, calvinouche, calvinus, calvinice, calverace
424:
25:
1678:
Irish Catholics of old employed a similar practice, whereby "
1067:("thick") is used as a derogatory term meaning "idiot", with
634:
cĂąline, cĂąlif, cĂąlique, cĂąline de bine, cĂąlibine, cĂąlibouette
2189:
1471:
16th-century religious geopolitics on a map of modern France
1193:("My shoes are fucked", literally: "My shoes are shitted").
995:, which refers to an animal's throat or maw, but is used in
159:, "to consecrate"), are words and expressions related to
705:
maudine, mautadine, mautadit, mautadite, maustie, mauzus
1897:
Bon Cop, Bad Cop - Swearing Lessons (English Subtitles)
1810:"The Delightful Perversity of Québec's Catholic Swears"
1424:
790:: "boob", used to denote a breast or a complete idiot
1479:
Origins of immigrants to New France from 1608 - 1700
1423:
is similar to the form of Russian swearing known as
1288:, which means "to leave" or "to destroy", using the
974:
mon tabarnak, m'a tu t'l'a décùlisser ta gran' yeule
773:
The following are also considered milder profanity:
660:
cibolle, cibollaque, ciboulle, ciboulette, gériboire
2399:
2358:
2227:
894:(literally, "five or six boxes of green tomatoes",
253:("Don't say that, it is sacred/holy"). Eventually,
1997:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
1439:The expression of ideas linked to the Protestant (
1294:prefix, which is about separation. Others include
968:Mon tabarnak j'vais te décùlisser la yeule, cùlice
1848:(offset 3:35) (in Canadian French). June 26, 2020
1224:ruled that "fuck" is not a swear word in French.
1139:Mon crisse de char est brisé, cùlisse de tabarnak
719:sac à papier, sacréfice, sacramouille, Sacramento
1133:Mon ostie de saint-sacrament de cĂąlice de crisse
1028:Crisse de cĂąlice de tabarnak d'esti de sacrament
732:tabarnouche, tabarouette, tabarnouille, batarnak
576:"; typically considered the most profane of the
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1563:, which colloquially means "to use blasphemy".
1649:
1643:
1637:
953:(loosely translated as "We don't give a fuck
337:is often added at the end for extra emphasis.
319:, can become semi-adjectival when followed by
2205:
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1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1589:
1558:
1552:
1542:
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1526:
1520:
1514:
1504:
205:, which centre on sex and excrement (such as
8:
2107:French today: language in its social context
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1165:. It is routinely used in, for instance, TV
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2109:. Cambridge University Press. p. 245.
1967:Choquette, Leslie; Carpin, Gervais (2001).
1583:
1393:as different word classes is a dialogue by
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2198:
2190:
1990:
1988:
1803:
1801:
1799:
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1791:
1324:. Some are even found as adverbs, such as
1258:are often used as verbs too. For example,
1053:: "I don't give a fuck about politicians."
427:", receptacles in which the host is stored
1608:is used and is frequently abbreviated to
1276:in French). There are constructions like
1270:is used as a stronger form of "to give" (
100:(approximate) translation is "No fucking
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
1020:c'est pas possible comment que t'es cave
343:Va t'en, ostie d'cĂąlice de chat Ă marde!
39:This article includes a list of general
1762:
1330:, meaning "very" or "extremely", as in
378:Office québécois de la langue française
269:to become powerful forms of profanity.
2046:Revue d'histoire de l'Ăglise de France
1845:Les sacres : Québec's Swear Words
2076:The Anglo Guide to Survival in Québec
2003:(5). American Philosophical Society.
7:
1148:("Fuck host") is common in Quebec.
692:titi, estifie, estique, estine, 'sti
1946:. Montréal, Québec: Novalis. 2014.
1594:is an expletive expression in some
1039:: Expressive of very extreme anger.
276:in the 1960s, the influence of the
187:, east of Quebec, and a portion of
1900:(offset 0:30) (in Canadian French)
1357:, Quebec actor and stand-up comic
1232:A slang term with the preposition
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2078:. Montreal: Eden Press. pp.
891:cinq six boĂźtes de tomates vartes
676:(from the English "cream puff"),
2489:
2488:
2149:L'Hostie, une passion québécoise
1866:Ha, Tu Thanh (7 November 2017).
1730:
30:
1894:Huard, Patrick (Dec 18, 2009).
1387:One fine example of the use of
455:, both verbs meaning "to curse"
2427:Hypoalgesic effect of swearing
2040:Dawson, Nelson-Martin (1986).
1918:Pichette, Jean-Pierre (1980).
1808:Nosowitz, Dan (May 26, 2016).
1772:"French Swear Words in Quebec"
1208:because a concert by the band
1031:: Expressive of extreme anger.
983:means "to fuck something up";
110:is the strongest form of that
1:
1495:Comparison to other languages
1200:. For example, in 2003, when
1050:J'm'en calice des politiciens
449:, a more emphatic version of
2461:Profanity in science fiction
1513:) and (more so in the past)
1348:can mean "extremely angry".
989:comes from the derived noun
529:", added before others (ex.
250:Ne dites pas ça, c'est sacré
16:Profanities in Quebec French
1425:
839:mange donc un char de marde
331:(Scram, you fucking cat!);
2541:
1770:Evelyn Reid (2011-07-23).
1435:Possible Protestant origin
1365:'s how to swear properly.
1014:Esti de cĂąlice de tabarnak
1008:Esti de cĂąlice de tabarnak
708:(from the English "Moses")
303:) are typical of informal
18:
2484:
2455:Profane Swearing Act 1694
1654:), "God", "Church", etc.
1632:("Blessed chalice!"). In
1336:("This is really good").
909:saint-siboire de tabarnak
380:does not regulate them.
135:Quebec French profanities
1751:Sacred-profane dichotomy
1714:(the school of it!) or
1541:is commonly modified to
1306:("to not give a damn"),
1181:, it is used exactly as
167:that are used as strong
2184:The history of Tabernak
2147:Bauer, Olivier (2011).
2132:. Anansi. p. 174.
2105:Sanders, Carol (1993).
1491:religious principles.
1241:dâla bouffe en tabarnak
1220:. In November 2017 the
1190:Mes souliers sont chiés
328:Va t'en, ostie de chat!
189:Aroostook County, Maine
60:more precise citations.
2235:American Sign Language
2058:10.3406/rhef.1986.3381
1716:
1710:
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2407:Expletive attributive
1720:(the stable of it!).
1696:(God) or as a curse,
1685:JĂ©sus, Marie, Joseph!
1478:
1470:
1361:'s character teaches
1318:("to run away"), and
1058:Esti d'Ă©pais Ă marde!
941:
278:Roman Catholic Church
175:(the main variety of
91:
2476:List of ethnic slurs
2412:Expletive infixation
2070:Freed, Josh (1983).
1922:. Montréal: Quinze.
1907:– via YouTube.
1855:– via YouTube.
1651:tu-i candela 'mÄ-sii
1614:. Spanish also uses
1575:Kruzifix noch einmal
2186:- QuebecCity101.com
2151:. Montreal: Liber.
2124:Sinclair Robinson;
1662:La Guerre, yes Sir!
1333:Câest sacrament bon
851:ciboulette de marde
555:): from the sin of
272:As a result of the
92:Mailbox sign using
2466:Scunthorpe problem
1872:The Globe and Mail
1660:'s translation of
1549:type of restaurant
1481:
1473:
1402:Le cours de sacres
1238:means "a lot of":
959:
185:Maritime Provinces
132:
2520:Culture of Quebec
2502:
2501:
2471:Seven dirty words
2376:Expletive deleted
2158:978-2-89578-303-9
2139:978-0-88784-137-8
2116:978-0-521-39695-0
1533:Italian profanity
1261:crisser une volée
863:Internet de marde
128:Roman Catholicism
86:
85:
78:
2532:
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1629:ÂĄCopĂłn bendito!
1580:Austro-Bavarian
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1309:sacrer son camp
1230:
1214:Fuck the System
1097:
955:the special law
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845:pédale de marde
606:
597:the Virgin Mary
538:saint-sacrament
532:saint-simonaque
352:can be written
291:
284:List of common
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177:Canadian French
116:, derived from
96:profanity. The
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2106:
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1996:
1968:
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1919:
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1902:. Retrieved
1896:
1886:Ghostarchive
1884:Archived at
1880:
1871:
1861:
1850:. Retrieved
1844:
1835:Ghostarchive
1833:Archived at
1829:
1817:. Retrieved
1813:
1782:the original
1775:
1765:
1689:
1680:ejaculations
1677:
1666:Roch Carrier
1661:
1656:
1565:
1560:sacramentare
1551:). The word
1498:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1438:
1396:Les Cyniques
1386:
1367:
1352:
1350:
1303:sâen crisser
1297:sâen cĂąlicer
1279:détabarnaker
1252:
1231:
1213:
1195:
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1127:
1119:
1098:
1089:intensifiers
960:
887:
833:tas de marde
772:
607:
470:
436:
339:
292:
271:
222:
138:
134:
133:
72:
63:
44:
21:Robert Sacre
2444:Minced oath
2228:By language
1699:az Istenit!
1623:ÂĄLa virgen!
1339:En tabarnak
801:tort Ă Dieu
782:: "bastard"
620:minced oath
618:forms (see
616:euphemistic
261:commandment
183:(spoken in
169:profanities
161:Catholicism
145:(singular:
137:, known as
122:(where the
58:introducing
2509:Categories
2391:Wordfilter
2315:Portuguese
2270:Hindi-Urdu
1978:2840502135
1904:2021-06-10
1852:2021-06-10
1819:August 11,
1757:References
1717:istĂĄllĂłjĂĄt
1588:in Czech.
1554:sacramento
1516:sacramento
1363:Colm Feore
1345:en cĂąlisse
1321:décùlisser
1204:rioted in
1145:Fuck ostie
980:DĂ©cĂąlisser
930:("harm").
767:tabarnoune
752:(merge of
604:Mild forms
574:tabernacle
569:tabernacle
552:simoniaque
119:tabernacle
66:March 2015
41:references
2433:Maledicta
2386:Swear jar
2305:Norwegian
2250:Esperanto
2240:Cantonese
2221:Profanity
1777:About.com
1711:iskolĂĄjĂĄt
1591:La hostia
1569:Sakrament
1522:porco Dio
1327:sacrament
1285:décrisser
1247:en crisse
1108:sacrament
1075:Eucharist
870:cĂąliboire
713:sacrament
546:simonaque
515:Sacrament
510:sacrement
504:sacrament
238:sacrament
191:, in the
179:) and in
124:Eucharist
2494:Category
2325:Romanian
2285:Japanese
2260:Georgian
2128:(1984).
2098:10558074
1888:and the
1837:and the
1724:See also
1645:parastas
1634:Romanian
1585:krucifix
1441:Huguenot
1206:Montreal
1198:bleeping
1172:Va chier
1161:" is in
1102:tabarnak
947:Montreal
943:Graffiti
755:tabarnak
749:tabouĂšre
742:tabarnak
726:tabarnak
641:calvaire
563:tabarnak
421:ciborium
334:tabarnak
325:, as in
163:and its
107:Tabarnak
2381:Grawlix
2359:Devices
2350:Tagalog
2345:Swedish
2340:Spanish
2335:Sinhala
2330:Russian
2280:Italian
2275:Hokkien
2255:Finnish
2027:1006507
1600:Catalan
1596:Spanish
1544:osteria
1501:Italian
1451:Meaning
1399:called
1267:crisser
1163:English
1080:Ă marde
1077:") and
915:coltord
882:ciboire
795:torrieu
761:siboire
737:anagram
654:ciboire
541:, etc.)
495:" (or "
491:(f): "
488:maudite
485:(m) or
446:crisser
416:ciboire
409:chalice
391:baptism
386:baptĂȘme
373:cawliss
219:History
165:liturgy
98:English
54:improve
2310:Polish
2290:Korean
2265:German
2155:
2136:
2113:
2096:
2086:
2025:
2015:
1975:
1950:
1926:
1671:sacres
1605:hĂČstia
1420:sacres
1390:sacres
1377:cĂąlice
1273:donner
1255:Sacres
1218:Canada
1167:sitcom
1159:fucked
1114:cĂąlice
1111:, and
992:gueule
951:Quebec
921:cĂąlice
876:cĂąlice
779:bĂątard
699:maudit
679:crique
628:cĂąlice
611:sacres
592:vierge
586:viarge
579:sacres
557:simony
493:damned
482:maudit
471:hostie
463:, or
452:sacrer
443:", or
441:Christ
437:Christ
423:" or "
404:calice
398:cĂąlice
367:caliss
361:calice
355:kĂąliss
349:cĂąlice
296:sacres
293:These
287:sacres
266:sacres
256:sacrer
244:sacrer
232:sacres
226:sacres
203:French
198:Sacres
157:sacrer
153:French
141:sacres
102:admail
43:, but
2400:Other
2295:Latin
2245:Dutch
2023:JSTOR
1746:Joual
1693:Isten
1538:ostia
1531:(see
1506:ostia
1371:criss
1202:punks
1184:fucké
1154:fucké
1083:("of
1064:Ă©pais
999:joual
986:yeule
903:verte
897:varte
854:, or
815:merde
809:marde
787:toton
667:criss
608:Most
527:Saint
522:saint
466:ostie
432:criss
316:criss
310:ostie
208:merde
148:sacre
113:sacre
2153:ISBN
2134:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2094:OCLC
2084:ISBN
2080:30â5
2013:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1924:ISBN
1821:2016
1611:osti
1582:and
1572:and
1511:host
1374:and
1244:(or
1222:CRTC
1178:chié
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