276:
581:
as in open wounds, that the blood lost appeared proportional to the severity of the wound and that the swelling of the injury frequently corresponded to the volume of blood lost. Blood loss from open wounds similarly matched blood lost from circulation. Blood losses had been consistently underestimated in the past but the provision of large transfusions during the Korean War had saved people with injuries who would not otherwise have survived. He recommended that where significant blood loss had occurred, even over an extended period of time, the patient should be transferred to expert medical care and receive an immediate transfusion. There was no place for hot tea, heat treatment or massage, which delayed proper treatment.
61:
1767:
601:
barrier, meeting one of the recommendations. Investigation techniques included interviews with police, hospitals, survivors and coroners to study ways in which vehicle design could be changed to avoid accidents in the first place and to mitigate the injuries caused. Speaking in 2002, the former director of the hospital's research unit, Dr John Bull credited the unit with calling for mandatory seatbelt installation in new vehicles and compulsory wearing of motorbike crash helmets. The AA provided some money for research.
232:
45:
569:. However, plasma volume measurements suggested that more blood was disappearing from the circulation than could be accounted for. Since it was in neither the veins nor the arteries, it was assumed to be temporarily immobilised throughout the capillary system. Treatment was therefore aimed at encouraging blood to return to the circulation by heating the patient, rubbing the limbs and providing hot sweet tea intended to increase circulation volume.
383:
entered wartime factories. Birmingham
Accident Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre as it became, was thus the last voluntary hospital in the country and its specified objectives included prevention of industrial accidents. Its Surgeon in Chief and clinical director was Professor William Gissane. According to former consultant surgeon Keith Porter, the hospital had eight wards and there were usually around 600 staff working there at any one time.
242:, formerly known as Birmingham Accident Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre, was established in April 1941 as Birmingham's response to two reports, the British Medical Association's Committee on Fractures (1935) and the Interdepartmental Committee (1939) on the Rehabilitation of Persons injured by Accidents. Both organisations recommended specialist treatment and rehabilitation facilities. The hospital, generally recognized as the world's first
621:. Accident Hospital switchboards were jammed as a total of 217 victims were brought in. Speaking in 2011, Roger Farell, the head of medical records described how he set off for work immediately on seeing the TV newsflash. Injuries included wood and glass shards –which cannot be detected by x-rays and some victims were rendered unrecognisable. Drinkers at the Tavern in the Town pub which was located underground suffered very severe
366:, took over the presidency of the hospital. A new block opened in 1908 with three stories of wards as well as a roof ward for six patients, the first of its kind in Europe. The integrated nursing home's capacity increased from 34 to 74 beds, and the hospital itself now had 60 medical and 118 surgical beds, totalling 178. Bed count and services provided continued to expand until closure.
68:
447:
Colebrooke's work showing that specialist positively pressurised dressing rooms reduced infections. With John Babb he proved that a specialised filter system could remove bacteria from an airstream and retain them either reducing infection risk or allowing an already infected patient to be treated in an open ward. He documented the treatment of infections with
580:
Ruscoe Clarke further described how observations at the
Birmingham Accident Hospital on peacetime accident victims confirmed Grant and Reeve's work and provided evidence to reject the old capillary theory. Their work showed that blood was missing from the circulation just as often in closed fractures
382:
opened. The outbreak of war however delayed the planned partial redeployment of the building as an accident hospital. In 1941, the opportunity was taken for
Birmingham to address the problems of delay in treatment of serious injuries. Accidents in Birmingham had risen by 40% as inexperienced workers
600:
A further study of "all deaths from road accidents in certain areas and periods" suggested lorries were the main cause of car fatalities on
Motorways and Link roads and that seatbelts provided little protection available for the car occupants. UK lorries are now fitted with an impact absorbing rear
460:
used a single mechanism, which conferred protection against a range of antibiotics. He further showed that overuse of a new antibiotic led to increased staphylococcus resistance, and that a subsequent reduction in use reversed the effect. His work with Rod Jones contributed to the development of a
407:
Whilst infection was known in the 19th century as a dangerous complication in severe burns, until the 1950s, its significance was regarded as secondary. It was only after treatment for shock was available that it became recognised as the main cause of death. Whilst initially a burn is likely to be
390:
at the opening of a new reception area and
Outpatients department. Willink said the Accident Hospital experiment was being closely watched and was likely to have a permanent future in hospital services. Referring to the Beveridge report and his own 1944 White paper, he said he recognised the close
542:
for different types of injury and showed that the lethal collapse of blood volume was caused by swellings around a fracture or burn and not by blood becoming temporarily static in the capillaries. Immediate transfusion and surgery reversed or delayed the "illness of trauma" and was essential.
446:
succeeded
Colebrook as Head of Bacteriology. In the 1960s and 1970s, as one of the foremost researchers in hospital infection particularly in the prevention of burns infection, the problems of antibiotic resistance and skin disinfection, he lectured around the world. Clinical trials confirmed
625:. The only fortuitous aspect was the geographical location of the blast -within a mile of a hospital housing the only specialised burns unit in the country at the time. The very worst cases went into the “world-leading major injuries unit” though nine of the twelve died.
576:
proposed that shock was caused by bleeding, a view accepted by various authorities by 1946. The war injuries study of Grant and Reeve published 1951 recommended early transfusions for large wounds and suggested existing theories were inadequate.
561:
described the results of saline solution at the Battle of the Somme as "most disappointing". Canadian surgeons recommended whole blood transfusions though volumes used were small: even the largest transfusions used were only about a litre.
438:
Colebrook established the practice of placing the patients in a near sterile environment. His political campaigning against unguarded fires and inflammable children's nightwear led to the
Heating Appliances and Fireguards Act 1952.
522:
might occur 30 days or more after surgery for hip fracture triggered work by other researchers and revolutionised the profession's attitude to preventing, diagnosing, and treating the condition. Dr Sevitt died in
September 1988.
415:, Professor of Bacteriology at University College Hospital Medical school and a member of the War Wounds Committee worked as part-time director of the hospital's MRC unit. He left in 1946, eventually becoming director of the
461:
pseudomonas vaccine. With Harold Lilly he developed tests for the effectiveness of hand washes before alcohol became the norm in 1974. These tests were still the basis for
European standards when he died in 2007. He worked on
1755:
328:
were added containing 28 beds for infectious and contagious disease cases, raising hospital capacity to 98. In 1867, adjacent grounds were purchased, and in 1871, Lord Leigh laid the foundation stone for a new
258:, England, in the United Kingdom. It changed its name to Birmingham Accident Hospital in 1974 and closed in 1993. A listed building, it is now part of Queens Hospital Close, a student accommodation complex. A
1305:
Prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in injured patients. A trial of anticoagulant prophylaxis with phenindione in middle-aged and elderly patients with fractured necks of femurii: 2:981–89
3364:
1748:
355:
and 36,708 outpatients. Average annual expenditure from 1909 to 1911 was £14,729, against average receipts £10,778 leaving an average annual deficit of £3,951, covered by endowments and donations.
1741:
3344:
2020:
1781:
2321:
1100:
344:
In 1875, Queen's became a free hospital, abandoning the previous system whereby the hospital's financial supporters issued "subscriber's tickets" to authorise treatment. A one
2149:
399:
described rehabilitation as "one of the great social advances which has emerged from this war". He added that only 18,000 of the 200,000 disabled and unemployed remained so.
2401:
1733:
3405:
1722:
107:
60:
3400:
408:
sterile, it will quickly become colonised from external sources, usually other patients in the same ward. Prevention of cross infection was therefore a key objective.
3301:
3385:
2341:
2281:
720:
333:
department, originally known as the "Workmen's
Extension" as it was funded by local working people, to the strains of a hymn written for the occasion by the Rev.
3395:
3390:
275:
2271:
2691:
2411:
2286:
2241:
2356:
853:
773:
692:
535:, UK road injuries were increasing rapidly. Motorcyclists alone accounted for over 1,000 UK deaths compared to the 2008 road user total of just 2,645.
589:
In 1960, Professor Gissane became honorary director of the Road Injuries Research Group, which investigated and analysed accidents on the newly opened
2492:
518:
His controversial 1959 paper on thromboembolism after fracture of the hip in old people written in conjunction with Gallagher, which found that fatal
1727:
2964:
2246:
2291:
1962:
1806:
416:
359:
287:
2005:
1974:
391:
co-operation between the University, the city authorities and the hospital and hoped that this spirit of co-operation would pervade the future
3040:
3415:
3045:
2326:
2296:
2231:
2010:
1989:
1791:
1056:
396:
2311:
2015:
538:"Research work at the Birmingham Accident Hospital improved the treatment of injury immeasurably." Alan Ruscoe Clarke studied haemorrhagic
379:
310:
3286:
2446:
2441:
2416:
2366:
2351:
2261:
2221:
2186:
2118:
1104:
3316:
2406:
2396:
2251:
2236:
814:
743:
283:
3359:
3246:
2949:
2046:
351:
In 1877, 16,117 patients were treated at Queen's, but by 1908, the patient count had more than doubled to 39,483, composed of 2,685
2256:
2226:
2206:
2191:
2098:
3349:
3125:
2391:
2371:
2301:
2266:
809:
738:
1219:
641:
3221:
3170:
3165:
2883:
2812:
2570:
2426:
2376:
2331:
2316:
2216:
2201:
1947:
1506:
1046:
597:
were mandatory. Gissane believed risks of accidents occurring were lower on motorways but the consequences were more serious.
3354:
2529:
1922:
1685:
387:
2436:
2386:
2346:
2123:
2073:
913:
1631:
1155:
968:
3231:
3216:
2918:
2863:
2336:
2068:
2058:
2053:
1846:
3410:
3120:
3055:
2898:
2640:
2595:
2508:
2451:
2431:
2381:
2306:
2211:
2196:
1349:"National Health Service History Chapter 1 1948–1957 – Establishing the National Health Service:Orthopaedics and trauma"
572:
The large transfusions made possible by the development of blood banks in the 1930s transformed many patients. In 1940,
223:
100:
3291:
2645:
2144:
618:
614:
2775:
884:
667:
3339:
3326:
3236:
3226:
3185:
3065:
2753:
2361:
2113:
2041:
1984:
1967:
1952:
551:
3321:
3241:
2923:
2858:
2827:
2770:
2743:
2707:
2565:
2472:
2159:
2103:
1937:
1587:
943:
516:, and the healing of fractures, he was to become an "outstanding pathologist, particularly in accident surgery".
3281:
3256:
3251:
3110:
3080:
3009:
2944:
2759:
2717:
2686:
2666:
2605:
2456:
2063:
1841:
558:
3019:
386:
On 14 August 1944 the President of the Hospital, the Lord Mayor of Birmingham welcomed the Minister of Health
1658:
861:
783:
698:
3060:
2748:
2727:
2661:
1896:
610:
432:
392:
338:
150:
1188:
337:
and sung by 1,000 child choristers from the Birmingham Schools Choral Union. This building was designed by
3296:
3211:
3155:
3145:
3070:
2712:
2615:
2513:
2482:
566:
449:
306:
3276:
3190:
3175:
3014:
2988:
2888:
2807:
2737:
2477:
1957:
457:
1425:
290:'s new teaching hospital on 18 June 1840, the building being completed the following year at a cost of
1538:
779:
305:, presided over the ceremony formally opening the 70-bed hospital. The hospital's first president was
3140:
3105:
2878:
2842:
2837:
2780:
2676:
2671:
2585:
1979:
1942:
1932:
1891:
1886:
1871:
1836:
1796:
174:
3311:
3180:
2908:
1856:
1826:
539:
466:
435:. A joint project led to the development of MRC cream no 9, the main burns treatment at that time.
412:
302:
231:
44:
3100:
2822:
2681:
2545:
2421:
2154:
2108:
1876:
1801:
714:
642:"1941 First Trauma Centre Birmingham Accident Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre, Birmingham, UK"
519:
509:
314:
17:
3130:
1507:"BLOOD STANDARDS AND FAILED FLUIDS: CLINIC, LAB, AND TRANSFUSION SOLUTIONS IN LONDON, 1868–1916"
1079:
617:. Taxi cabs and all available ambulances ferried victims to either the Accident hospital or to
3160:
3004:
2487:
1927:
1917:
1455:
1370:
1052:
998:
532:
505:
420:
299:
251:
3266:
3206:
3095:
3075:
3050:
2978:
2873:
2868:
2832:
2732:
2722:
2036:
1445:
1437:
1283:
1275:
988:
980:
805:
734:
550:, Ruscoe Clarke described the old theory of shock and why it failed. Despite the success of
334:
465:
antibacterial compounds with surgeons Douglas Jackson and Jack Cason eventually leading to
3271:
3261:
2893:
2765:
2630:
2276:
1881:
1831:
1042:
318:
1397:
1561:
554:
with blood transfusions, saline solution was the standard substitute from 1868 to 1916.
3150:
3115:
3085:
2954:
2817:
2620:
2610:
2575:
1861:
1816:
1450:
1320:"Postdischarge prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism among high-risk surgery patients"
1288:
1263:
993:
573:
498:
443:
363:
291:
1717:
1686:"There were some terrible injuries... It was the most harrowing experience of my life"
1020:
3379:
3306:
2969:
2959:
2802:
2590:
1912:
1821:
1230:
836:
645:
454:
428:
243:
144:
1608:
1513:
3135:
2635:
1866:
622:
513:
490:
482:
1693:
1127:
921:
3090:
2974:
2786:
2580:
1811:
1635:
1319:
1163:
1006:
890:
590:
486:
295:
259:
3024:
2983:
2939:
2903:
2625:
1772:
1766:
1279:
1028:
J.Med.Microbiol-Vol 27(1988) Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland
886:
The stages of development and the organisation of Birmingham Accident Hospital
594:
546:
In his 1957 lecture to the St. John Ambulance Brigade Surgeons' Conference in
352:
330:
255:
92:
1480:
1189:"Edward Lowbury:Prolific poet and leading researcher into hospital infection"
309:. Upon his death in December 1861, the post remained vacant until 1875, when
122:
109:
2600:
1441:
984:
547:
494:
478:
424:
1459:
1002:
1851:
1424:
A. Ruscoe Clarke; Balla, JI; Swanson, I; Foster, JB (28 September 1957).
375:
345:
162:
157:
1348:
341:
and is also Grade II listed. It opened for patients on 7 November 1873.
2913:
462:
810:"Birmingham Accident Hospital west building (Grade II) (1075749)"
739:"Birmingham Accident Hospital east building (Grade II) (1219917)"
565:
Treatment of shock from 1919 was based on observations of Cowell and
325:
274:
230:
1737:
1662:
1021:"Obituary:Arnold Ashley Miles 10 March 1904-11 February 1988"
313:
was appointed to the position. This building was designed by
1560:
Drummond, Lieutenant-General Sir Alexander (25 April 1960).
1541:. Ambulance and Nursing Services. 1 January 1944. p. 74
613:
was the worst terrorist attack in Great Britain until the
49:
Birmingham Accident Hospital – older building to the right
1609:"Fatal Car Occupant Injuries after Car Lorry Collisions"
1101:"AIM25 Colebrook, Leonard (1883–1967)Identity Statement"
948:. British Medical Journal. 2 September 1944. p. 318
395:. The Parliamentary secretary to the Minister of Labour
1634:. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Archived from
235:
Birmingham Accident Hospital – adjacent (west) building
370:
Birmingham Accident Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre
403:
Burns unit and Medical Research Council ('MRC') Unit
67:
3199:
3033:
2997:
2932:
2851:
2795:
2700:
2654:
2558:
2538:
2522:
2501:
2465:
2179:
2172:
2132:
2091:
2084:
2029:
1998:
1905:
1780:
219:
214:
206:
188:
183:
173:
168:
156:
143:
138:
99:
88:
83:
37:
288:Royal School of Medicine and Surgery in Birmingham
1632:"A Birthday Tribute To Professor William Gissane"
1220:"OBITUARY Professor Edward Joseph Lister Lowbury"
1156:"Pioneering hospital under the spotlight. (News)"
324:The hospital expanded rapidly. By 1845 separate
1657:Alan Stuart Hill, FIFireE. (21 November 1974).
1371:"Recession brings sharp fall in UK road deaths"
889:. Post Graduate Medical Journal. Archived from
348:admission fee was charged but could be waived.
1749:
559:The British Official History of the Great War
8:
1051:. Cambridge University Press. p. 137.
883:Professor William Gissane (December 1963).
2402:St Michael & All Angels, Bartley Green
2176:
2088:
1756:
1742:
1734:
1728:Archaeological assessment of the buildings
1426:"Recent Advances in Haemorrhage and Shock"
719:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
34:
3406:History of medicine in the United Kingdom
1449:
1342:
1340:
1287:
992:
670:. The National Archives Hospital Database
527:Ruscoe Clarke and the Treatment of Trauma
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
95:, West Midlands, England, United Kingdom
3401:Grade II listed buildings in Birmingham
1048:Hospital Infection:from Miasmas to MRSA
767:
765:
763:
761:
687:
685:
633:
469:, which was still in use at his death.
423:, an expert on the earliest antibiotic
417:Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
3386:Hospitals in Birmingham, West Midlands
1419:
1417:
1415:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1183:
1181:
841:. Cornish Brothers. 1885. p. 101.
712:
1990:Birmingham Wildlife Conservation Park
1150:
1148:
914:"ACCIDENT HOSPITAL STAFF REUNION JOY"
270:
7:
3396:Hospital buildings completed in 1845
3391:Hospital buildings completed in 1840
1486:. Ulster Medical Society. p. 13
531:By 1954, before the introduction of
380:Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham
1400:. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery
1684:BRETT GIBBONS (24 November 2011).
1126:Michael N Tempest (15 June 1956).
969:"Infections associated with burns"
838:Showell's Dictionary of Birmingham
815:National Heritage List for England
744:National Heritage List for England
557:Surgeon Ernest Cowell, writing in
504:Though his best known work was in
477:In 1947, Dr Simon Sevitt set up a
25:
2950:Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery
2282:SS Faith & Laurence, Harborne
1162:. 29 January 2002. Archived from
453:, noting that the development of
431:, moved with his burns unit from
286:laid the foundation stone of the
271:The Queen's Hospital (Birmingham)
246:, used the existing buildings of
18:Queen's Hospital, Birmingham
1765:
66:
59:
43:
2884:Empire Cinema, Sutton Coldfield
2818:International Convention Centre
2571:Christopher Wray Lighting works
1539:"First Aid Journal 1943 - 1944"
1303:Sevitt S, Gallagher NG (1959).
697:. England. 1900. Archived from
2327:Holy Trinity, Sutton Coldfield
1481:"Andrew Fullerton (1868–1934)"
1398:"Alan Ruscoe Clarke 1908–1959"
912:Alison Dayani (15 June 2010).
668:"Birmingham Accident Hospital"
262:commemorates its former role.
1:
3232:Central Goods railway station
2059:University College Birmingham
1262:Bull J.P. (5 November 1988).
1227:Journal of Hospital Infection
858:Rossbret Institutions Website
473:Dr Simon Sevitt and Pathology
3416:Defunct hospitals in England
2247:St Catherine, Bristol Street
2242:Bishop Latimer, Winson Green
1985:Town Hall (Sutton Coldfield)
1771:Buildings and structures in
1512:. p. 16. Archived from
1369:Bird, Steve (22 July 2009).
973:Postgraduate Medical Journal
945:Birmingham Accident Hospital
644:. Trauma.org. Archived from
585:Road Injuries Research Group
317:and Drury and is a Grade II
240:Birmingham Accident Hospital
194:; 184 years ago
179:Yes Accident & Emergency
38:Birmingham Accident Hospital
2074:Queen's College, Birmingham
1630:Jackson D.J. (April 1978).
1396:Gissane W (November 1959).
619:Birmingham General Hospital
615:7 July 2005 London bombings
3432:
3066:Birmingham Banking Company
3046:17 & 19 Newhall Street
2965:Newman Bros Coffin Factory
2442:SS Peter & Paul, Aston
2322:Holy Trinity & St Luke
2312:Handsworth Cemetery Chapel
2042:Birmingham City University
1567:. Royal Army Medical Corps
1318:Giancarlo Agnelli (1988).
852:Rossbret (6 August 2007).
772:Lloyd, John Henry (1911).
27:Former hospital in England
3335:
3287:St James the Less' Church
2297:St Gabriel, Weoley Castle
2232:St Bartholomew, Edgbaston
1718:William Gissane 1898-1981
1659:"Birmingham Pub Bombings"
1280:10.1136/bmj.297.6657.1190
279:Queen's Hospital as built
54:
42:
3317:Post & Mail Building
3111:Holliday Street Aqueduct
3081:Castle Bromwich Assembly
2687:Resorts World Birmingham
2417:St Nicolas, Kings Norton
2317:Holy Trinity, Birchfield
2237:St Benedict's, Bordesley
2064:University of Birmingham
2047:Birmingham School of Art
1041:Graham A. Ayliffe &
605:Birmingham Bombings 1974
402:
339:Martin & Chamberlain
303:Lord Bishop of Worcester
3302:St Mary's, Whittall St.
2749:Fighting Cocks, Moseley
2672:Hotel Indigo (The Cube)
2412:St Michael, Moor Street
2367:St Mark, Washwood Heath
2352:St Laurence, Northfield
2262:St David, Shenley Green
2222:St Augustine, Edgbaston
1948:Energy from Waste Plant
1807:Chamberlain Clock Tower
1442:10.1136/pgmj.40.468.610
1430:British Medical Journal
1268:British Medical Journal
1132:British Medical Journal
985:10.1136/pgmj.48.560.338
611:Birmingham Pub Bombings
433:Glasgow Royal Infirmary
393:National Health Service
3212:Birmingham Manor House
3071:Birmingham Crematorium
2616:Northfield Manor House
2530:Guru Nanak, Handsworth
2407:St Michael, Handsworth
2397:Methodist Central Hall
2292:St Francis, Handsworth
2287:St Francis, Bournville
2227:St Barnabas, Erdington
1923:Central Police Station
1562:"Care for the Injured"
1195:. London. 18 July 2007
967:E.J.L.Lowbury (1972).
854:"The Queen's Hospital"
567:Walter Bradford Cannon
450:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
280:
236:
75:Shown in West Midlands
3247:Church of the Messiah
3191:Woodcock Street Baths
3176:Victoria Square House
3126:New Street Signal Box
3041:1–7 Constitution Hill
3015:Edgbaston Priory Club
2447:St Philip's Cathedral
2372:St Mary, Acocks Green
2272:St Edward, Selly Park
2257:St Cyprian, Hay Mills
2207:St Andrew, Handsworth
2192:St Agatha, Sparkbrook
2187:Ascension, Hall Green
1999:Main railway stations
1958:Library of Birmingham
1792:Sutton Coldfield mast
1586:Gissane W, Bull J.P.
1229:: 299. Archived from
780:Cornish Brothers Ltd.
278:
234:
3106:Great Western Arcade
2843:Swan Shopping Centre
2783:(Handsworth; closed)
2362:St Martin, Bull Ring
2357:St Lazar, Bournville
2332:St James, Handsworth
2302:St George, Edgbaston
2267:St Edburgha, Yardley
1943:Edgbaston Waterworks
1933:Chamberlain Memorial
1887:The Colmore Building
1080:"GLASGOW UNIVERSITY"
924:on 24 September 2014
479:pathology department
224:Hospitals in England
175:Emergency department
3411:Voluntary hospitals
3312:Pebble Mill Studios
3222:Bishop Ryder Church
3181:Victoria Law Courts
3010:Edgbaston (cricket)
2909:Odeon, Kingstanding
2427:St Paul, Birmingham
2377:St Mary, Handsworth
2342:St John, Perry Barr
2252:St Chad's Cathedral
2150:Old Queen Elizabeth
1857:One Snow Hill Plaza
1274:(6657): 1190–1191.
1009:on 23 January 2016.
775:The Queens Hospital
374:Queen's remained a
360:William Humble Ward
119: /
32:Hospital in England
3101:Gas Street Studios
2813:Friends' Institute
2546:Shree Geeta Bhawan
2437:St Peter, Harborne
2387:St Mary, Selly Oak
2347:St John, Sparkhill
2202:St Alban, Highgate
1963:Moseley Road Baths
1877:Metropolitan House
1802:10 Holloway Circus
1696:on 23 January 2016
1638:on 5 December 2008
1128:"Burns and Scalds"
893:on 18 January 2013
520:pulmonary embolism
510:pulmonary embolism
281:
237:
123:52.4731°N 1.9096°W
3373:
3372:
3056:Ashford & Son
3005:Alexander Stadium
2554:
2553:
2509:Central Synagogue
2457:Stechford Baptist
2452:St Silas, Lozells
2392:St Mary's Convent
2337:St John, Ladywood
2307:St Giles, Sheldon
2197:St Agnes, Moseley
2168:
2167:
2054:Newman University
1928:Chamberlain Clock
1918:Baskerville House
1847:Centre City Tower
1785:(in height order)
1611:. 13 January 1973
1347:Geoffrey Rivett.
1058:978-0-521-53178-8
694:Kelly's Directory
648:on 26 August 2009
593:at a time before
506:venous thrombosis
427:, active against
421:Leonard Colebrook
388:Sir Henry Willink
376:teaching hospital
252:Teaching Hospital
229:
228:
16:(Redirected from
3423:
3267:Fox Hollies Hall
3207:Aston Hippodrome
3171:St James's House
3121:Millennium Point
3096:Gas Retort House
3076:Bromford Viaduct
3051:Arena Birmingham
2979:Minworth Greaves
2869:Birmingham Odeon
2864:Barber Institute
2852:Art and theatres
2833:Longbridge plant
2733:Brookhill Tavern
2432:St Paul, Lozells
2382:St Mary, Moseley
2217:St Anne, Digbeth
2212:St Anne, Moseley
2177:
2160:Witton Isolation
2089:
2069:Barber Institute
2037:Aston University
1872:McLaren Building
1770:
1769:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1735:
1723:Dr Ruscoe Clarke
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1692:. Archived from
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1661:. Archived from
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1485:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1453:
1421:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1259:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1235:
1224:
1216:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1185:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1166:on 22 March 2015
1152:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1103:. Archived from
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1005:. Archived from
996:
979:(560): 338–341.
964:
958:
957:
955:
953:
940:
934:
933:
931:
929:
920:. Archived from
909:
903:
902:
900:
898:
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
864:on 30 April 2009
860:. Archived from
849:
843:
842:
833:
827:
826:
824:
822:
806:Historic England
802:
796:
795:
793:
791:
786:on 30 April 2009
769:
756:
755:
753:
751:
735:Historic England
731:
725:
724:
718:
710:
708:
706:
701:on 30 April 2009
689:
680:
679:
677:
675:
664:
658:
657:
655:
653:
638:
413:Sir Ashley Miles
397:George Tomlinson
335:Charles Kingsley
248:Queen's Hospital
202:
200:
195:
163:District General
134:
133:
131:
130:
129:
128:52.4731; -1.9096
124:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
70:
69:
63:
47:
35:
21:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3331:
3327:Union Workhouse
3272:Heathfield Hall
3262:Five Ways Tower
3237:Central Library
3195:
3131:Perrott's Folly
3029:
2993:
2928:
2847:
2791:
2766:Lad in the Lane
2696:
2650:
2641:Stratford House
2631:Pype Hayes Hall
2550:
2534:
2518:
2497:
2483:Ghamkol Shariff
2461:
2277:Erdington Abbey
2164:
2128:
2119:Queen Elizabeth
2080:
2025:
1994:
1901:
1882:Edgbaston House
1832:103 Colmore Row
1784:
1776:
1764:
1762:
1714:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1690:Birmingham Mail
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1588:"M1 Fatalities"
1585:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1505:Kim Pelis PhD.
1504:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1338:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1261:
1260:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1236:on 21 July 2011
1233:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1208:
1198:
1196:
1193:The Independent
1187:
1186:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1160:Birmingham Post
1154:
1153:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1043:Mary P. English
1040:
1039:
1035:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1014:
966:
965:
961:
951:
949:
942:
941:
937:
927:
925:
918:Birmingham Mail
911:
910:
906:
896:
894:
882:
881:
877:
867:
865:
851:
850:
846:
835:
834:
830:
820:
818:
804:
803:
799:
789:
787:
771:
770:
759:
749:
747:
733:
732:
728:
711:
704:
702:
691:
690:
683:
673:
671:
666:
665:
661:
651:
649:
640:
639:
635:
631:
607:
587:
529:
517:
475:
405:
372:
319:listed building
273:
268:
198:
196:
193:
127:
125:
121:
118:
113:
110:
108:
106:
105:
79:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
71:
50:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3429:
3427:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3227:Bordesley Hall
3224:
3219:
3217:Bishop's House
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3186:Victoria Works
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3161:Saracen's Head
3158:
3153:
3151:Ringway Centre
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:Chinese Pagoda
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2955:Blakesley Hall
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2754:Fox and Grapes
2751:
2746:
2741:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2708:Adam & Eve
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2621:Peddimore Hall
2618:
2613:
2611:New Hall Manor
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2576:Edgbaston Hall
2573:
2568:
2566:Anchorage, The
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2478:Darul Barakaat
2475:
2473:Central Mosque
2469:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2021:Other stations
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1975:Municipal Bank
1972:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1955:
1953:Hall of Memory
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1862:Quayside Tower
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1817:Orion Building
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1713:
1712:External links
1710:
1708:
1707:
1676:
1665:on 15 May 2008
1649:
1622:
1600:
1578:
1552:
1530:
1519:on 2 July 2007
1497:
1472:
1436:(468): 610–3.
1411:
1388:
1361:
1336:
1310:
1295:
1247:
1206:
1177:
1144:
1118:
1107:on 6 June 2011
1092:
1071:
1057:
1033:
1012:
959:
935:
904:
875:
844:
828:
797:
782:Archived from
757:
726:
681:
659:
632:
630:
627:
623:blast injuries
606:
603:
586:
583:
574:Alfred Blalock
552:James Blundell
528:
525:
499:morbid anatomy
474:
471:
467:topical silver
444:Edward Lowbury
404:
401:
371:
368:
364:Earl of Dudley
272:
269:
267:
264:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
190:
186:
185:
181:
180:
177:
171:
170:
166:
165:
160:
154:
153:
147:
141:
140:
136:
135:
103:
97:
96:
90:
86:
85:
81:
80:
74:
65:
64:
58:
57:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
40:
39:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3428:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Board schools
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Public Office
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:Metchley Fort
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3242:Christ Church
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:Sports venues
2996:
2990:
2989:Weoley Castle
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2970:Sarehole Mill
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2960:New Hall Mill
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Back to Backs
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2924:Symphony Hall
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:The Alexandra
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Grand Central
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Brindleyplace
2801:
2800:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2667:Hyatt Regency
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:Highbury Hall
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
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3340:Architecture
3292:Langley Hall
3282:Island House
3257:The Exchange
3252:The Crescent
3136:Perry Bridge
3061:Assay Office
2776:Queen's Arms
2762:(demolished)
2760:Golden Eagle
2756:(demolished)
2723:Bartons Arms
2692:Other hotels
2682:Radisson Blu
2646:Winterbourne
2636:Sheldon Hall
2606:Moseley Hall
2514:Singers Hill
2139:
2030:Universities
1867:Colmore Gate
1852:Two Snowhill
1700:23 September
1698:. Retrieved
1694:the original
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636:
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503:
491:biochemistry
483:bacteriology
476:
448:
441:
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410:
406:
385:
373:
357:
350:
343:
323:
282:
247:
239:
238:
139:Organisation
29:
3297:Market Hall
3146:Proof House
3091:Fort Dunlop
3020:St Andrew's
2975:Selly Manor
2728:Black Horse
2662:Grand Hotel
2581:The Endwood
2114:Orthopaedic
2006:Moor Street
1968:Other baths
1897:Lloyd House
1812:Alpha Tower
778:. England:
591:M1 motorway
487:haematology
296:Henry Pepys
260:blue plaque
250:, a former
145:Care system
126: /
101:Coordinates
3380:Categories
3200:Demolished
3166:Selfridges
3156:Roundhouse
3025:Villa Park
2984:Soho House
2940:Aston Hall
2919:Piccadilly
2904:Oak Cinema
2889:Hippodrome
2713:Anchor Inn
2626:Penns Hall
2596:Moat House
2488:Green Lane
2099:Children's
2011:New Street
1892:Jury's Inn
1773:Birmingham
1571:6 December
1545:6 December
1490:6 December
1264:"Obituary"
821:8 February
750:8 February
629:References
595:seat belts
458:resistance
419:. In 1943
378:until the
353:inpatients
331:outpatient
311:Lord Leigh
256:Birmingham
111:52°28′23″N
93:Birmingham
3360:Scheduled
3277:Highfield
2808:Bull Ring
2796:Complexes
2771:Old Crown
2744:Crown Inn
2677:Jurys Inn
2601:Moor Hall
2180:Christian
2173:Religious
2155:Selly Oak
2109:Good Hope
2085:Hospitals
2016:Snow Hill
1980:Town Hall
1822:Sentinels
1775:, England
1375:The Times
1307:. Lancet.
715:cite book
548:Harrogate
495:histology
442:In 1949,
425:Prontosil
411:In 1941,
358:In 1900,
284:Earl Howe
114:1°54′35″W
84:Geography
3365:Category
2874:Crescent
2838:Paradise
2781:Red Lion
2740:(closed)
2718:Antelope
2586:Hay Hall
2140:Accident
1837:The Cube
1797:BT Tower
1782:Highrise
1669:3 August
1460:14220409
1377:. London
1240:5 August
1199:5 August
1137:7 August
1111:5 August
1085:5 August
1064:5 August
1045:(2003).
346:shilling
300:Anglican
169:Services
89:Location
3345:Tallest
2933:Museums
2914:Old Rep
2823:Mailbox
2787:Woodman
2466:Islamic
2422:Oratory
2145:General
2133:Defunct
2124:Women's
2092:Current
1827:Rotunda
1642:23 July
1615:23 July
1593:23 July
1523:26 July
1465:26 July
1451:2482632
1404:23 July
1381:23 July
1354:23 July
1329:2 April
1289:1834973
1003:5049253
994:2495235
952:22 July
897:22 July
868:22 July
790:22 July
705:22 July
674:22 July
652:22 July
463:topical
315:Bateman
294:8,746.
266:History
197: (
184:History
149:Public
3355:Listed
3141:Prison
2655:Hotels
2559:Houses
2502:Jewish
1730:, 2007
1458:
1448:
1325:. Sage
1286:
1055:
1001:
991:
497:, and
362:, 2nd
298:, the
207:Closed
189:Opened
3034:Other
2738:Crown
2539:Hindu
1906:Civic
1842:Hyatt
1565:(PDF)
1517:(PDF)
1510:(PDF)
1484:(PDF)
1323:(PDF)
1234:(PDF)
1223:(PDF)
1024:(PDF)
540:shock
326:wards
220:Lists
215:Links
2879:Drum
2701:Pubs
2523:Sikh
2493:Jami
2104:City
1702:2014
1671:2009
1644:2009
1617:2009
1595:2009
1573:2018
1547:2018
1525:2009
1492:2018
1467:2009
1456:PMID
1406:2009
1383:2009
1356:2009
1331:2010
1242:2009
1201:2009
1172:2014
1139:2009
1113:2009
1087:2009
1066:2009
1053:ISBN
999:PMID
954:2009
930:2014
899:2009
870:2009
823:2013
792:2009
752:2013
721:link
707:2009
676:2009
654:2009
609:The
508:and
210:1993
199:1840
192:1840
158:Type
3116:ICC
2899:Rep
2894:mac
1446:PMC
1438:doi
1284:PMC
1276:doi
1272:297
989:PMC
981:doi
151:NHS
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