29:
42:
1661:
903:, Vol.20, pp.202-203, London, June 1943 this states: 'In 1919 he obtained the position of Chief Engineer to the Metropolitan Water Board, where one of his first duties was to prepare a report on the future water-supplies of London, the proposals made in which were embodied in the Act obtained by the Board in 1921 authorizing a number of important extension works, including the Queen Mary reservoir and intake, trunk mains, filtration plant, and pumping-machinery.’
2171:
313:
334:
305:
288:
49:
2241:
811:
digitally modelled the bottom to identify high points where aggregates could be removed. Planning approval was given to remove 1.25 million tonnes of aggregate and two-thirds of the breakwater. This increased the reservoir capacity by 1.26 percent. A jetty and aggregate processing facility was
820:. This was achieved by installing twin 1.6 m diameter siphon pipes over the embankment. The valves controlling the outflow are 13 m high and have a flow capacity of 13 m/s. The discharge pipes are 250 m long and discharge into the Laleham Aqueduct, returning water to the Thames.
815:
The emergency drawdown rate (the rate at which the water level in the reservoir can be reduced) was about 0.25 metres/day. Inspections in 2005-07 identified that this was inadequate, and proposed that the drawdown should be 0.75 m/d as defined in the provisions of the
521:
to a pumping station (51°24'56.0"N 0°28'36.9"W) at the western embankment of the reservoir. The pumping station lifts water into the reservoir. An outlet tower is located adjacent to the north-east embankment (51°25'17.4"N 0°26'57.1"W). Water is discharged into the
977:
Gibson joined Lord
Cowdray's organization (S. Pearson & Son Ltd), working on the construction of both the King George Dock, Hull, and the Metropolitan Water Board's Queen Mary Reservoir at Staines in
384:(11 & 12 Geo. 5, c.cxv). It was designed by the Board’s Chief Engineer Henry Stilgoe (1867-1943) and was completed in December 1924. Some sources state that the reservoir was designed by
1043:
826:
The Queen Mary
Sailing Club is a members sailing club on the reservoir. It owns a subsidiary company Queen Mary Sailsports, bringing all training operations "in house".
245:
2588:
2159:
84:
997:
823:
The reservoir and the land to the west are designated Sites of Nature
Conservation Importance, covering some 360 ha and noted for their varied bird life.
1854:
948:
2055:
1844:
439:
and gravel/earth shoulders at a slope of 1 in 3. The top of the embankment is 12 m above the surrounding land. The key engineering parameters are:
41:
1864:
1816:
857:
221:
was formed in 1974 incorporating
Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames Urban Districts. The reservoir is now designated as part of the county of Surrey.
1174:
1556:
1301:
2029:
1660:
1037:
2137:
1267:
1222:
835:
238:
2152:
1332:
389:
2578:
1915:
1895:
1347:
214:
2195:
1920:
1352:
2583:
1327:
1077:
807:
Sand and gravel were formerly dredged from the reservoir, making the bottom uneven and affecting water circulation. In 2008
505:
The reservoir has a 1 km central gravel/earth embankment breakwater running north–south and designed to reduce wave action.
2573:
2268:
2019:
1367:
1362:
231:
2518:
2145:
1900:
1859:
1821:
1473:
1372:
432:
2462:
2060:
1981:
1337:
1322:
1227:
788:
The
Metropolitan Water Board operated the reservoir until the Board was abolished in 1974 under the provisions of the
404:
199:
517:
at up to 200,000,000 imp gal (910,000,000 L; 240,000,000 US gal) and flows via the 1.26 km
2377:
2200:
1946:
1905:
1453:
1167:
28:
2554:
2550:
2422:
1518:
1357:
1342:
1262:
411:
visited the reservoir to unveil a modern replica of the submersibles tested here. The model is on display at the
2503:
2417:
2346:
2296:
1951:
1549:
1443:
1232:
403:
In 1943, during World War II, the reservoir was used for testing submersibles. The submersible was nicknamed "
2498:
2412:
1941:
1936:
1910:
1438:
1433:
416:
920:
2301:
2024:
1976:
1513:
1483:
1423:
1408:
1306:
1242:
1147:
793:
210:
186:. The reservoir covers 707 acres (2.86 km) and is 45 ft (14 m) above the surrounding area.
2528:
2493:
2488:
1601:
1565:
1503:
1488:
1463:
1428:
1398:
1292:
1288:
1160:
348:
218:
179:
1771:
854:
2457:
2278:
2121:
2081:
1874:
1508:
1403:
1012:
2538:
2472:
2467:
2225:
1971:
1727:
1722:
1710:
1690:
1622:
1542:
1523:
1498:
1418:
1393:
1217:
526:
which runs round the north of the reservoir to the
Kempton Park and Hampton water treatment works.
2533:
2513:
2447:
2263:
2086:
1966:
1961:
1869:
1493:
1468:
1458:
1283:
1252:
523:
385:
1093:
874:
1118:
2326:
2291:
2258:
2215:
2126:
2076:
2034:
1879:
1742:
1732:
1680:
1645:
1639:
1611:
1413:
1388:
1247:
1202:
1073:
2508:
2427:
2311:
2306:
2205:
1849:
1799:
1448:
1207:
1020:
514:
412:
400:; a plaque commemorates the event. It was the largest reservoir in the world at that time.
194:
Queen Mary
Reservoir is located south of Ashford and east of Laleham. It lies south of the
2397:
2356:
2336:
2111:
2106:
1991:
1700:
1675:
1650:
1586:
1580:
1058:
Ordnance Survey 25-inch map, Middlesex XXIV.4 (Ashford; Littleton; Sunbury) published 1936
1047:
861:
420:
277:
272:
267:
1016:
2387:
2321:
2116:
1986:
1237:
1197:
797:
128:
2567:
2407:
1996:
1633:
408:
116:
529:
The water quality changes which took place during reservoir storage are as follows.
2220:
2050:
1716:
1183:
808:
801:
397:
2442:
2437:
2392:
2351:
2316:
2286:
1212:
436:
2452:
2402:
2331:
2210:
2187:
1685:
1616:
1606:
1591:
1296:
1024:
357:
353:
323:
319:
99:
86:
2432:
2372:
2341:
2230:
2175:
1257:
206:
195:
121:
1737:
1705:
1628:
1534:
812:
constructed on the west side of the reservoir just north of the intake.
2240:
1695:
1596:
343:
297:
223:
174:
is one of the largest of London's reservoirs supplying fresh water to
2382:
2179:
2170:
183:
175:
70:
198:
and at its closest point 0.25 miles (0.40 km) northwest of the
178:
and parts of surrounding counties, and is located in the
Borough of
2249:
205:
The reservoir was formerly designated as being in the county of
2141:
1538:
1156:
1152:
533:
Water quality before and after storage in Queen Mary reservoir
227:
996:
Philpott, Bryn and Yinka
Oyeyemi and John Sawyer (June 2009).
392:. It was formally opened by King George V in June 1925 as the
998:"Queen Mary and King George V emergency draw down schemes"
217:
were transferred to the county of Surrey. The
Borough of
513:
Water is abstracted from the River Thames downstream of
202:. Heathrow airport is 3.7 miles north of the reservoir.
949:"History of the Queen Mary Reservoir - Village Matters"
800:(c. 15) the Thames Water Authority was privatised as
875:"Metropolitan Water Board (Various Powers) Act 1921"
2481:
2365:
2277:
2248:
2186:
2099:
2069:
2043:
2012:
2005:
1929:
1888:
1837:
1792:
1758:
1751:
1668:
1572:
1381:
1315:
1276:
1190:
150:
142:
138:
127:
115:
76:
66:
21:
382:Metropolitan Water Board (Various Powers) Act 1921
792:(c. 37) ownership and control transferred to the
77:
899:Obituary: Henry Edward Stilgoe, 1867-1943", in
921:"Engineering Timelines - Queen Mary Reservoir"
2153:
1550:
1168:
239:
8:
48:
380:was authorised under the provisions of the
2160:
2146:
2138:
2009:
1755:
1557:
1543:
1535:
1175:
1161:
1153:
246:
232:
224:
18:
2056:London Irish Amateur Rugby Football Club
1845:The Bishop Wand Church of England School
531:
441:
435:core extending down into the underlying
971:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
847:
2030:Staines & Lammas (Middlesex) F.C.
1865:St. Paul's College, Sunbury-on-Thames
7:
2589:Drinking water reservoirs in England
1302:Thames Gateway Water Treatment Works
991:
989:
987:
943:
941:
915:
913:
911:
909:
263:
1268:1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak
836:London water supply infrastructure
14:
1333:Coppermills Water Treatment Works
1072:. Oxford: Pergamon. p. 373.
475:30.4 million m 30,400 megalitres
396:, renamed for the Queen Consort,
215:Sunbury-on-Thames Urban Districts
146:2.8 km (1.1 sq mi)
2239:
2169:
1659:
1348:Crossness Sewage Treatment Works
951:. Village Matters. February 2014
332:
311:
303:
286:
47:
40:
27:
1982:M3 motorway and Thames Crossing
1810:The Old Manor House, Shepperton
1353:Deephams Sewage Treatment Works
855:Queen Mary Sailing Club website
431:The reservoir embankment has a
149:
141:
1782:St Mary Magdalene's, Littleton
1573:Towns, villages and localities
1328:Beckton Sewage Treatment Works
1068:Water Research Centre (1977).
796:. Under the provisions of the
1:
2269:Wey and Godalming Navigations
2020:Ashford Town (Middlesex) F.C.
1368:Mogden Sewage Treatment Works
1363:Hampton Water Treatment Works
1070:Water Purification in the EEC
761:Queen Mary reservoir outlet
735:River Thames before storage
706:Queen Mary reservoir outlet
680:River Thames before storage
651:Queen Mary reservoir outlet
625:River Thames before storage
596:Queen Mary reservoir outlet
570:River Thames before storage
333:
287:
65:
2519:Queen Elizabeth II Reservoir
1474:Queen Elizabeth II Reservoir
1373:Walton water treatment works
1040:A Walk round Laleham village
562:E. Coli number per 100 ml.
312:
304:
2463:Thorpe Park No 1 Gravel Pit
2061:Staines Rugby Football Club
1860:St James Senior Boys School
1822:St James Senior Boys School
1338:Cricklewood Pumping Station
1323:Abbey Mills Pumping Station
1228:Metropolitan Board of Works
1038:Spelthorne Borough Council
559:Agar colony count per ml.
524:Staines Reservoirs Aqueduct
2605:
2378:Claremont Landscape Garden
1947:Kempton Park Steam Engines
1454:Lee Valley Reservoir Chain
456:Maximum embankment height
2547:
2423:McLaren Technology Centre
2366:Lakes, ponds and wetlands
2237:
1657:
1519:William Girling Reservoir
1358:Greenwich pumping station
1343:Crossness Pumping Station
1046:November 3, 2007, at the
1025:10.1680/dare.2009.19.2.79
860:January 20, 2016, at the
731:
676:
621:
566:
544:Ammoniacal Nitrogen mg/l
499:0.75 metres within 24hrs
261:
35:
26:
2504:King George VI Reservoir
2418:Lakeside Leisure Complex
2297:River Bourne, Addlestone
1952:King George VI Reservoir
1930:Buildings and structures
1785:St Nicholas', Shepperton
1701:Spelthorne Sports Ground
1676:Ashford Park Rec. Ground
1444:King George VI Reservoir
1233:Metropolitan Water Board
390:Metropolitan Water Board
2579:Thames Water reservoirs
2499:Kempton Park Reservoirs
2413:Kempton Park Racecourse
1942:Kempton Park Reservoirs
1937:Kempton Park Racecourse
1439:King George V Reservoir
1434:Kempton Park Reservoirs
1148:Queen Mary sailing club
2302:River Bourne, Chertsey
2025:Spelthorne Sports F.C.
1977:Thames Water Ring Main
1752:Large listed buildings
1743:Walled Garden, Sunbury
1514:West Warwick Reservoir
1509:Walthamstow Reservoirs
1484:Queen Mother Reservoir
1424:High Maynard Reservoir
1409:East Warwick Reservoir
1307:Thames Water Ring Main
1243:William Chadwell Mylne
969:Gibson’s entry in the
794:Thames Water Authority
547:Albumin Nitrogen mg/l
2584:Borough of Spelthorne
2529:Stain Hill Reservoirs
2494:Island Barn Reservoir
2489:Bessborough Reservoir
2279:Ordinary watercourses
1855:Matthew Arnold School
1776:St Matthew's, Ashford
1738:Town Lane Rec. Ground
1706:Long Lane Rec. Ground
1681:Beechwood Rec. Ground
1566:Borough of Spelthorne
1504:Tilehurst Water Tower
1489:Stain Hill Reservoirs
1464:Low Maynard Reservoir
1429:Island Barn Reservoir
1399:Bessborough Reservoir
1293:Thames Tideway Tunnel
1289:Thames Tideway Scheme
1119:"Reservoirs Act 1975"
925:Engineering Timelines
464:Length of Embankment
443:Queen Mary Reservoir
2574:Reservoirs in Surrey
2524:Queen Mary Reservoir
2428:Mercers Country Park
2082:Sunbury Cricket Club
1957:Queen Mary Reservoir
1875:Sunbury Manor School
1765:All Saints', Laleham
1479:Queen Mary Reservoir
1404:Chingford Reservoirs
394:Queen Mary Reservoir
376:Construction of the
309:Queen Mary Reservoir
172:Queen Mary Reservoir
164: imp gal)
55:Queen Mary Reservoir
22:Queen Mary Reservoir
2539:Wraysbury Reservoir
2473:Winkworth Arboretum
2468:Virginia Water Lake
2226:River Tillingbourne
2100:Destroyed landmarks
1972:Wraysbury Reservoir
1779:St Mary's, Stanwell
1768:St Hilda's, Ashford
1623:Staines-upon-Thames
1524:Wraysbury Reservoir
1499:Sunnyside Reservoir
1419:Grimsbury Reservoir
1394:Bath Road Reservoir
1223:London water supply
1218:London sewer system
1017:2009DamRe..19...79P
1005:Dams and Reservoirs
818:Reservoirs Act 1975
534:
496:Emergency drawdown
444:
378:Littleton Reservoir
255:Nearest Settlements
96: /
16:Reservoir in Surrey
2534:Staines Reservoirs
2514:Molesey Reservoirs
2448:Papercourt Marshes
2264:Wey and Arun Canal
2087:West Surrey Racing
1967:Staines Reservoirs
1962:Shepperton Studios
1870:Spelthorne College
1772:St Mary's, Staines
1686:Bishop Duppas Park
1494:Staines Reservoirs
1469:Molesey Reservoirs
1459:Lockwood Reservoir
1284:Abingdon Reservoir
1123:legislation.gov.uk
1098:legislation.gov.uk
879:legislation.gov.uk
532:
442:
386:John Watson Gibson
2561:
2560:
2259:Basingstoke Canal
2135:
2134:
2095:
2094:
2077:Staines Boat Club
2035:Staines Town F.C.
1880:Thamesmead School
1833:
1832:
1817:St Paul's College
1640:Sunbury-on-Thames
1532:
1531:
1414:Farmoor Reservoir
1389:Banbury Reservoir
1248:New River Company
1203:Joseph Bazalgette
786:
785:
732:Dec. to February
503:
502:
368:
367:
363:
362:
168:
167:
154:30.6 Gl (6.7
2596:
2509:Knight Reservoir
2243:
2206:Cranleigh Waters
2196:River Blackwater
2174:
2173:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2139:
2051:London Irish RFC
2010:
1889:Railway stations
1850:Halliford School
1813:Shepperton Manor
1800:Halliford School
1756:
1723:(Staines) Lammas
1711:Shortwood Common
1663:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1536:
1449:Knight Reservoir
1208:Edmund Colthurst
1177:
1170:
1163:
1154:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1094:"Water Act 1973"
1090:
1084:
1083:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1050:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1002:
993:
982:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
945:
936:
935:
933:
931:
917:
904:
897:
891:
890:
888:
886:
871:
865:
852:
622:June to August
556:Turbidity units
535:
519:Laleham Aqueduct
515:Penton Hook Weir
488:Inflow capacity
445:
413:Eden Camp museum
336:
335:
315:
314:
307:
306:
290:
289:
264:
248:
241:
234:
225:
160:
159:
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
101:
100:51.417°N 0.450°W
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
79:
51:
50:
44:
31:
19:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2543:
2477:
2438:Sherbourne Pond
2398:Goldsworth Park
2373:Busbridge Lakes
2361:
2357:Wraysbury River
2273:
2252:and navigations
2244:
2235:
2182:
2168:
2166:
2136:
2131:
2112:Astleham Church
2091:
2065:
2039:
2001:
1992:Chertsey Bridge
1925:
1921:Upper Halliford
1884:
1829:
1807:Littleton Manor
1788:
1747:
1664:
1655:
1651:Upper Halliford
1607:Lower Halliford
1568:
1563:
1533:
1528:
1377:
1311:
1272:
1263:William Webster
1186:
1181:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1048:Wayback Machine
1036:
1032:
1000:
995:
994:
985:
968:
964:
954:
952:
947:
946:
939:
929:
927:
919:
918:
907:
898:
894:
884:
882:
873:
872:
868:
862:Wayback Machine
853:
849:
844:
832:
553:Phosphate mg/l
511:
472:Total capacity
429:
421:North Yorkshire
405:Sleeping Beauty
374:
369:
364:
316:
257:
252:
192:
157:
155:
131: countries
104:
102:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
62:
61:
60:
59:
58:
57:
56:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2586:
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2576:
2566:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2388:Frensham Ponds
2385:
2380:
2375:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2322:Hogsmill River
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:Cobblers Brook
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2117:Stanwell Place
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1987:Staines Bridge
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1760:
1753:
1749:
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1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1646:Sunbury Common
1643:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Ashford Common
1584:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
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2549:Categories:
2523:
2458:Sutton Place
2347:Windle Brook
2221:River Thames
1956:
1901:Kempton Park
1733:Sunbury Park
1728:Staines Park
1717:Staines Moor
1715:
1696:Laleham Park
1691:Knowle Green
1638:
1621:
1579:
1478:
1291:, including
1184:Thames Water
1127:. Retrieved
1122:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1097:
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1039:
1033:
1011:(2): 79–84.
1008:
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953:. Retrieved
928:. Retrieved
924:
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883:. Retrieved
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822:
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814:
809:Thames Water
806:
802:Thames Water
789:
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528:
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430:
407:". In 2010
402:
398:Mary of Teck
393:
381:
377:
375:
308:
254:
204:
193:
171:
169:
161:
151:Water volume
143:Surface area
2443:Silent Pool
2393:Gatton Park
2383:Enton Lakes
2352:Wish Stream
2317:River Ember
2287:Abbey River
2201:River Colne
2188:Main rivers
1213:Great Stink
901:ICE Journal
437:London Clay
433:puddle clay
200:M3 motorway
103: /
78:Coordinates
2568:Categories
2482:Reservoirs
2453:Silvermere
2403:Hedgecourt
2332:Pipp Brook
2312:River Eden
2211:River Mole
1906:Shepperton
1617:Shepperton
1382:Reservoirs
1297:Lee Tunnel
1079:0080212255
978:Middlesex.
842:References
448:Parameter
358:Shepperton
324:Shepperton
219:Spelthorne
209:. In 1965
180:Spelthorne
2433:Painshill
2342:The Rythe
2327:Law Brook
2292:River Ash
2231:River Wey
2216:River Ock
2176:Hydrology
1838:Education
1669:Key parks
1602:Littleton
1258:John Snow
1253:New River
509:Operation
491:770 Ml/d
483:2.863 km
427:Structure
349:Littleton
207:Middlesex
122:reservoir
2013:Football
1759:Churches
1629:Stanwell
1592:Charlton
1044:Archived
973:states:
955:25 April
858:Archived
830:See also
538:Quarter
467:6,324 m
388:for the
354:Charlton
320:Charlton
190:Location
67:Location
2337:The Rye
1916:Sunbury
1911:Staines
1896:Ashford
1597:Laleham
1581:Ashford
1191:History
1129:20 June
1103:21 June
1013:Bibcode
930:20 June
885:20 June
541:Source
372:History
344:Laleham
298:Laleham
278:Ashford
273:Ashford
268:Ashford
211:Staines
88:51°25′N
2555:Canals
2551:Rivers
2250:Canals
2180:Surrey
1125:. 1975
1076:
881:. 1921
451:Value
417:Malton
184:Surrey
176:London
91:0°27′W
71:Surrey
2070:Other
2044:Rugby
2006:Sport
1793:Other
1001:(PDF)
767:0.15
764:0.12
756:5288
753:9737
741:0.26
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712:0.15
709:0.18
701:4850
698:6520
686:0.24
683:0.27
657:0.16
654:0.06
646:2576
643:1880
631:0.25
628:0.12
602:0.16
599:0.09
591:5298
588:5387
576:0.23
573:0.25
459:12 m
415:near
129:Basin
1295:and
1131:2020
1105:2020
1074:ISBN
957:2014
932:2020
887:2020
782:136
779:126
773:1.8
770:4.0
747:2.1
744:4.6
727:104
724:197
718:2.1
715:2.8
692:2.4
689:4.0
669:137
663:1.9
660:3.5
637:2.3
634:3.9
614:212
608:1.7
605:4.1
582:1.8
579:4.7
213:and
196:A308
170:The
117:Type
2178:of
1021:doi
750:31
695:17
666:10
640:19
617:50
585:18
182:in
2570::
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1121:.
1096:.
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1009:19
1007:.
1003:.
986:^
940:^
923:.
908:^
877:.
804:.
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959:.
934:.
889:.
247:e
240:t
233:v
162:^
156:×
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
