220:, a Mayan archaeologist and contemporary of Le Plongeon's, spent a great deal of time examining the same evidence that Le Plongeon discovered at Chichen Itza. Thompson also theorized about the possibility of a connection between the Maya, Atlantis and the Old World, but even his assessment of Le Plongeons theories was: "Don't build too much on Le Plongeon's theories or claims. Not a single point of contact between the old and new worlds before the Columbian era can be proved by monuments or facts so far found in Yucatan or adjoining provinces."
231:, professor of Anthropology and author, opined that Le Plongeon's theories "welled up from romantic subconscious." Juan Peon Contreras, director of the Museo Yucateco and a contemporary of Le Plongeon, relayed that Le Plongeon's theories were the product of "abstruse archaeological reasoning and...meditation." Evans writes that Le Plongeon's indulgence in
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Augustus Le
Plongeon found a jade pendant during his excavations of Chichen Itza. He believed that it had belonged to Queen Moo, and he gave it to his wife, Alice Dixon Le Plongeon. The Le Plongeon's believed that Alice was the reincarnation of Queen Moo and she was photographed wearing the pendant,
106:
One of the problematic aspects of Le
Plongeon's work was his manipulation of images. R. Tripp Evans explains, "Printed images of ancient buildings, for example, often gave no visual or textual indication of the structures' locations, and isolated details are often shown without any reference to the
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figures as Coh, the warrior prince. Le
Plongeon wrote, "It is not an idol, but a true portrait of a man who has lived an earthly life. I have seen him represented in battle, in councils, and in court receptions." Mary Ellen Miller dismisses this as an "outrageous hypothesis" and counters that the
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word for macaw, based on the bird imagery in the Mayan representations of her figure. Le
Plongeon took this as further evidence that Moo and Isis were the same figure, as Isis is often represented as a winged figure. Chacmool means jaguar paw and Plongeon believed the great cat was Prince Coh's
111:, leaves little hint of the original work—while his recreation of Chichen Itza's Platform of Venus, a line drawing sandwiched between photographic images of sky and ground, is entirely invented. In works like these...Le Plongeon placed these distortions at the service of a specific narrative."
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Le
Plongeon discovered a well preserved mural in the Temple of the Jaguars at Chichen Itza. According to R. Tripp Evans, Le Plongeon claimed this mural was "the key to understanding the chaacmool's historical narrative." Evans explains that the meaning of the mural is still a mystery to modern
174:. These works relayed the couple's memories of their past lives as Prince Coh and Queen Moo. Alice chose to express her ideas about Queen Moo as fiction rather than attempting a scientific archaeological work as her husband had done. Alice's work was published by the
57:. Queen Moo was the eldest daughter of King Canchi and Queen Zoc. She was desired by her brothers, Prince Coh and Prince Aac. She chose Coh as her mate, and Prince Aac killed him in a jealous rage. After Prince Coh's death, Queen Moo fled to seek refuge in the Land of
216:, an American archaeologist and Curator of American and Prehistoric Archeology in the early 1890s, stated that he had "discovered no proof for Le Plongeon's startling deductions as to the age of the Mayas and their migrations, but rather the contrary."
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corresponding structures from which they were photographed. Most confusing of all are Le
Plongeon's doctored or "collaged" images, which he presented as unretouched field shots. His heavily redrawn photograph of a "Queen Moo" relief, taken at
250:, a French writer, historian and archaeologist, about the diffusion of the Mayans to the Old World, and Le Plongeon was convinced of this theory before he even began his excavations. Le Plongeon's research suffered from his
40:
Augustus Le
Plongeon believed that Queen Moo was a historical Mayan queen whose life was documented in the carved bas reliefs, statues and paintings he found at Chichen Itza. He asserted that Moo and her husband,
205:
Augustus Le
Plongeon was not a trained archaeologist, but neither were many of his peers. He did contribute a great deal of archaeological data in the form of photographs and molds of ruins and artifacts from
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in 1875, and based their theories about Queen Moo on the murals and inscriptions that they found there. It is generally accepted that
Plongeon's theories are not supported by the archaeological evidence.
163:, as Le Plongeon was a Mason himself. In addition to Le Plongeon's belief that the Mayan culture was the foundation of Egyptian civilization, he also claimed that Free Masonry was invented by the Maya.
123:, Tula and various other locations. Miller claims that the figure of the chacmool has no confirmation in any manuscript, which makes deciphering their meaning difficult. However, she argues that "two
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figures likely represent a captive, defeated enemy. She goes on to recount the formal similarities between Le
Plongeon's Chacmool and the murals and statues located throughout Central America in
197:(1936) which, "equaled, and often surpassed, the bizarre nature of Le Plongeon's writing." However, James Churchward relocated the location of the lost continent of Mu to the Pacific Ocean.
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bear more iconographic data, and it is those two which may resolve the identification of the figure." Miller concludes that the aquatic symbols on the underside of the carvings, the
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and Chichen Itza. However, during the late 1800s archaeology was beginning to develop more rigorous scientific standards and Le Plongeon clashed with most of his contemporaries.
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Sacred mysteries among the Mayas and the Quiches, 11,500 years ago. Their relation to the sacred mysteries of Egypt, Greece, Chaldea and India
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by Steve Benzell is a fictional adventure novel based on the character of Monique Le Plongeon who discovers a lost trove of Mayan codices.
135:, or vessel for sacrificed hearts, held over the figure's stomach, and the "goggle-and-fangs Tlaloc mask all identify these figures as
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65:). When she reached the location where it once was she found that the civilization had disappeared, so she made her way to
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Alice Dixon Le Plongeon also wrote a volume on Queen Moo and Prince Coh; in 1902 she published an epic poem called
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Le Plongeon came to the new world with a theory firmly in place. He had read the writings of Abbé
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Augustus Le Plongeon wrote three volumes on the subject of Queen Moo and Chac Mool:
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Alison Bailey Kennedy, anthropologist and editor of the cyber culture magazine
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A Dream of Maya: Augustus and Alice Le Plongeon in Nineteenth Century Yucatan
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Miller, Mary Ellen (1985). "A Re-examination of the Mesoamerican Chacmool".
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Romancing the Maya: Mexican Antiquity in the American Imagination 1820-1915
262:, that Le Plongeon was "opinionated, haphazardly informed and reckless."
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scholars, but it may depict the ninth century sacking of the Mayan city,
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337:. New York: Keegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Paternoster House.
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672:. London: Keegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Paternoster House.
650:. London: Keegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Paternoster House.
309:. London: Keegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Paternoster House.
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Sacred Mysteries Among The Mayas and The Quiches, 11,500 Years Ago
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Desmond, Lawrence Gustav & Messenger, Phyllis March (1988).
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159:(1886). Le Plongeon's books were published with the aid of the
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170:. Alice subsequently adapted the poem into a play called
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tendencies and the consequent impact on his theories.
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After Le Plongeon's death, Alice gave his papers to
235:"dovetail neatly with his wife's profound interest
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The Fall of Maya: A Tragic Drama of Ancient America
223:Some modern critics have focused on Le Plongeon's
185:and Churchward published several books, including
27:. The Plongeons undertook the first excavation of
669:Queen Moo's Talisman: The Fall of the Maya Empire
331:Queen Moo's Talisman; the Fall of the Maya Empire
168:Queen Moo's Talisman: The Fall of the Maya Empire
658:Sacred Mysteries Among the Mayas and the Quiches
90:which they referred to as Queen Moo's Talisman.
49:, were the inspiration for the Egyptian myth of
587:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
274:, sometimes went by the pseudonym "Queen Mu".
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661:. New York: Theosophical Publishing Company.
323:. New York: Theosophical Publishing Company.
77:symbol. Plongeon claimed that the Egyptian
19:is a mythical Mayan queen written about by
307:(online reproduction at The Knowledge Den)
178:, with which she had a close association.
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335:(online reproduction at Internet Archive)
321:(online reproduction at Internet Archive)
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127:chacmools found in the context of the
606:. Austin: University of Texas Press.
248:Charles Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg
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534:Brunhouse qtd in McDaniel 2007 p. 50
72:Queen Moo's name was drawn from the
498:Thompson qtd in Ashmead 1896 p. 107
435:Le Plongeon qtd in Miller 1985 p. 7
516:Contreras qtd in Evans 2004 p. 131
14:
666:Le Plongeon; Alice Dixon (1902).
644:Queen Moo and The Egyptian Sphinx
489:Mercer qtd in Ashmead 1896 p. 107
328:Le Plongeon; Alice Dixon (1902).
303:Queen Moo and The Egyptian Sphinx
149:Queen Moo and the Egyptian Sphinx
114:Le Plongeon identified the stone
507:Fagan qtd in McDaniel 2007 p. 50
655:Le Plongeon, Augustus (1909).
641:Le Plongeon, Augustus (1900).
314:Le Plongeon, Augustus (1909).
300:Le Plongeon, Augustus (1900).
1:
623:"The Cradle of Civilization?"
567:10.1525/aa.1896.9.3.02a00040
621:Fagan, Brian (1988-10-23).
548:Ashmead, Albert S. (1896).
153:The Origin of the Egyptians
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627:New York Times Book Review
139:, the Aztec god of rain.
602:Evans, R. Tripp (2004).
258:wrote in his 1973 book,
187:The Lost Continent of Mu
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677:McDaniel, Sean (2007).
554:American Anthropologist
218:Edward Herbert Thompson
195:The Cosmic Forces of Mu
94:Archaeological evidence
25:Alice Dixon Le Plongeon
426:Evans 2004 pp. 140-141
369:Le Plongeon 1896 p.xix
387:Le Plongeon 1896 p.13
260:In Search of the Maya
214:Henry Chapman Mercer
176:Theosophical Society
85:Queen Moo's Talisman
21:Augustus Le Plongeon
525:McDaniel 2007 p. 49
233:psychic archaeology
357:McDaniel 2007 p.50
243:, and the occult.
191:The Children of Mu
679:"The Lure of MĂło"
480:Evans 2004 p. 151
471:Evans 2004 p. 139
462:Miller 1985 p. 15
453:Miller 1985 p. 14
444:Miller 1985 p. 12
417:Evans 2004 p. 135
405:Evans 2004 p. 136
266:Popular influence
252:confirmation bias
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29:Chichen Itza
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741:Maya queens
709:(1): 7–17.
683:Archaeology
161:Free Masons
693:2012-11-04
689:(1): 48–51
633:2012-11-04
541:References
278:Codex Maya
272:Mondo 2000
133:cuaxicalli
43:Prince Coh
343:Citations
237:mesmerism
201:Criticism
47:Chac Mool
36:Mythology
17:Queen Moo
735:Category
284:See also
225:Romantic
189:(1926),
151:(1896),
116:chacmool
63:Atlantis
723:3050884
241:seances
721:
610:
591:
576:658288
574:
289:Naacal
155:, and
137:Tlaloc
79:Sphinx
55:Osiris
719:JSTOR
648:(PDF)
572:JSTOR
208:Uxmal
125:Aztec
121:Tikal
109:Uxmal
74:Mayan
67:Egypt
608:ISBN
589:ISBN
53:and
51:Isis
711:doi
562:doi
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410:^
362:^
350:^
239:,
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59:Mu
725:.
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558:9
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