Red-billed quelea - Knowledge (XXG)

1754: 1285: 1735: 1031: 1788: 1259:, probably serving instead for the recognition of individual birds. However, the intensity of the red on the bills is regarded an indicator of the animal's quality and social dominance. Red-billed quelea males mate with one female only within one breeding cycle. There are usually three eggs in each clutch (though the full range is one to five) of approximately 18 mm (0.71 in) long and 13 mm (0.51 in) in diameter. The eggs are light bluish or greenish in colour, sometimes with some dark spots. Some clutches contain six eggs, but large clutches may be the result of other females dumping an egg in a stranger's nest. 59: 1202: 42: 1773: 1479: 1108:

The temporarily wet areas do not form a single zone that periodically moves back and forth across the entirety of Sub-Saharan Africa, but rather consist of five or six regions, within which the wet areas "move" or "jump". Red-billed quelea populations thus migrate between the temporarily wet areas within each of these five to six geographical regions. Each of the subspecies, as distinguished by different male breeding plumage, is confined to one or more of these geographical regions.

108: 1470:

was calculated to consume roughly 13 t (29,000 lb) of insects and 1,000 t (2,200,000 lb) of grass seeds during its breeding cycle. At sunrise they form flocks that co-operate to find food. After a successful search, they settle to feed. In the heat of the day, they rest in the shade, preferably near water, and preen. Birds seem to prefer drinking at least twice a day. In the evening, they once again fly off in search of food.

234: 83: 3106: 1296: 392:

efficiently. It is regarded as the most numerous undomesticated bird on earth, with the total post-breeding population sometimes peaking at an estimated 1.5 billion individuals. It feeds in huge flocks of millions of individuals, with birds that run out of food at the rear flying over the entire group to a fresh feeding zone at the front, creating an image of a rolling cloud. The

568:. It ranges across central and southern Africa, where it has been recorded from southwestern Gabon, southern Congo, Angola (except the northeast and arid coastal southwest), southern Democratic Republic of Congo and the mouth of the Congo River, Zambia, Malawi and western Mozambique across to Namibia (except the coastal desert) and central, southern and eastern South Africa. 1244:

of a hanging forked twig, and from there bridging the gaps in the circle his beak can reach, having one foot on each of the branchlets, using the same footholds and the same orientation throughout the building process. Two parallel stems of reeds or sugar cane can also be used to attach the nest from. They use both their bills and feet in adding the initial knots needed.

1248:

looks like a small oval or globular ball of grass, around 18 cm (7 in) high and 16 cm (6 in) wide, with a 2.5 cm (1 in) wide entrance high up one side, sheltered by a shallow awning. About six to seven hundred fresh, green grass strips are used for each nest. This species may nest several times per year when conditions are favourable.

1719: 973:. The legs are orangey in colour. The bill is bright raspberry red. Outside the breeding season, the male lacks bright colours; it has a grey-brown head with dark streaks, whitish chin and throat, and a faint light stripe above the eyes. At this time, the bill becomes pink or dull red and the legs turn flesh-coloured. 2670: 1698:

from the air on breeding colonies and roosts. In Botswana and Zimbabwe, spraying was also executed from ground vehicles and manually. Kenya and South Africa regularly used fire-bombs. Attempts during the 1950s and '60s to eradicate populations, at least regionally, failed. Consequently, management is

1466:, but entire maize kernels are too big for them to swallow. A single bird may eat about 15 g (0.53 oz) in seeds each day. As much as half of the diet of nestlings consists of insects, such as grasshoppers, ants, beetles, bugs, caterpillars, flies and termites, as well as snails and spiders. 1247:

As soon as the ring is finished the male displays, trying to attract a female, after which the nest may be completed in two days. The nest chamber is created in front of the ring. The entrance may be constructed after the egg laying has started, while the male works from the outside. A finished nest

1107:

Red-billed queleas migrate seasonally over long distances in anticipation of the availability of their main natural food source, seeds of annual grasses. The presence of these grass seeds is the result of the beginning of rains weeks earlier, and the rainfall varies in a seasonal geographic pattern.

1058:

Flying flocks make a distinct sound due to the many wing beats. After arriving at the roost or nest site, birds keep moving around and make a lot of noise for about half an hour before settling in. Both males and females call. The male sings in short bursts, starting with some chatter, followed by a

1266:

of the eggs during the day, but the female alone does so during the cool night, and feeds during the day when air temperatures are high enough to sustain the development of the embryo. The breeding cycle of the red-billed quelea is one of the shortest known in any bird. Incubation takes nine or ten

1243:

in Zimbabwe one colony was 20 km (12 mi) long and 1 km (0.6 mi) wide. In southern Africa, suitable branches are stripped of leaves a few days in advance of the onset of nest construction. The male starts the nest by creating a ring of grass by twining strips around both branches

1095:

in 2000. Occasionally, it can be found as high as 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea-level, but mostly resides below 1,500 m (4,900 ft). It visits agricultural areas, where it feeds on cereal crops, although it is thought to prefer seeds of wild annual grasses. It needs to drink daily

1007:

the mask does not extend far above the bill, and the underparts may have a pink wash. There is much variability within subspecies, and some birds cannot be ascribed to a subspecies based on outward appearance alone. Because of interbreeding, specimens intermediate between subspecies may occur where

1659:

by hobbyists. It thrives if kept in large and high cages, with space to fly to minimise the risk of obesity. A sociable bird, the red-billed quelea tolerates mixed-species aviaries. Keeping many individuals mimics its natural occurrence in large flocks. This species withstands frosts, but requires

1469:

Insects are generally eaten during the breeding season, though winged termites are eaten at other times. Breeding females consume snail-shell fragments and calcareous grit, presumably to enable egg-shell formation. One colony in Namibia, of an estimated five million adults and five million chicks,

391:

or detonating fire-bombs in the enormous colonies during the night. Extensive control measures have been largely unsuccessful in limiting the quelea population. When food runs out, the species migrates to locations of recent rainfall and plentiful grass seed; hence it exploits its food source very

1316:

Flocks of red-billed queleas usually feed on the ground, with birds in the rear constantly leap-frogging those in the front to exploit the next strip of fallen seeds. This behaviour creates the impression of a rolling cloud, and enables efficient exploitation of the available food. The birds also

1124:

is thought to consist of two sub-populations. One moves from Central Tanzania to southern Somalia, to return to breed in Tanzania in February and March, followed by successive migrations to breed ever further north, the season's last usually occurring in central Kenya during May. The second group

1116:

valley, for instance, the rainy season has already passed and the grass has produced new seeds. After about six weeks, the birds migrate northwards to find a suitable breeding area, nurture a generation, and then repeat this sequence moving further north. Some populations may also move northwards

964:

and higher parts of the throat. Occasionally males have a white mask. The mask is surrounded by a variable band of yellow, rusty, pink or purple. White masks are sometimes bordered by black. This colouring may only reach the lower throat or extend along the belly, with the rest of the underparts

956:

The red-billed quelea is a small sparrow-like bird, approximately 12 cm (4.7 in) long and weighing 15–26 g (0.53–0.92 oz), with a heavy, cone-shaped bill, which is red (in females outside the breeding season and males) or orange to yellow (females during the breeding season).

983:

on the top of the head and the shoulders. The eyes open during the fourth day, at the same time as the first feathers appear. Older nestlings have a horn-coloured bill with a hint of lavender, though it turns orange-purple before the post-juvenile moult. Young birds change feathers two to three

1582:

each year, representing a market value of approximately US$ 37,500–75,000. Between 13 June and 21 August 1994 alone, 1.2 million queleas were caught. Birds were taken from roosts in the trees during the moonless period each night. The feathers were plucked and the carcasses fried the following

379:

and a reddish bill. Breeding females attain a yellowish bill. Breeding males have a black (or rarely white) facial mask, surrounded by a purplish, pinkish, rusty or yellowish wash on the head and breast. The species avoids forests, deserts and colder areas such as those at high altitude and in

1136:. In November, part of the population migrates to the northwest to northwestern Angola, while the remainder migrates to the southeast to southern Mozambique and eastern South-Africa, but no proof has been found that these migration cohorts are genetically or morphologically divergent. 1999:

Ornithologia, sive, Synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates : cum brevi & accurata cujusque speciei descriptione, citationibus auctorum de iis tractantium, nominibus eis ab ipsis impositis, nominibusque

550:, is native to west and central Africa, where it has been recorded from Mauritania, western and northern Senegal, Gambia, central Mali, Burkina Faso, southwestern and southern Niger, northern Nigeria, Cameroon, south-central Chad and northern Central African Republic. 1168:

species—below 1,000 m (3,300 ft) elevation. While foraging for food, they may fly 50–65 km (31–40 mi) each day and return to the roosting or nesting site in the evening. Small groups of red-billed queleas often mix with different weaver birds

1148:

on feeding on seeds of annual grass species, which may be ripe, or still green, but have not germinated yet. Since the availability of these seeds varies with time and space, occurring in particular weeks after the local off-set of rains, queleas migrate as a

586:. It is found in eastern Africa where it occurs in southern Sudan, eastern South Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea south to the northeastern parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, central and eastern Tanzania and northwestern and southern Somalia. 1111:

In Nigeria, the nominate subspecies generally travels 300–600 km (190–370 mi) southwards during the start of the rains in the north during June and July, when the grass seed germinates, and is no longer eaten by the queleas. When they reach the

1213:

The red-billed quelea needs 300–800 mm (12–31 in) of precipitation to breed, with nest building usually commencing four to nine weeks after the onset of the rains. Nests are usually built in stands of thorny trees such as umbrella thorn acacia

721:(IOC). Other names in English include black-faced dioch, cardinal, common dioch, Latham's weaver-bird, pink-billed weaver, quelea finch, quelea weaver, red-billed dioch, red-billed weaver, Russ' weaver, South-African dioch, Sudan dioch and Uganda dioch. 1753: 2478:

De Silva, Thilina N.; Peterson, A. Townsend; Bates, John M.; Fernandoa, Sumudu W.; Girard, Matthew G. (2017). "Phylogenetic relationships of weaverbirds (Aves: Ploceidae): A first robust phylogeny based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers".

598:

in 1960 on the basis of more greyish nonbreeding plumage of populations of wetter habitats of northeastern South Africa, Eswatini and southern Mozambique. However, further analysis indicated no clear distinction in plumage between it and

1015:

could be mistaken for the red-billed quelea in non-breeding plumage, since both are sparrow-like birds with conical red-coloured bills, but the whydah has a whitish brow between a black stripe through the eye and a black stripe above.

1687:

The governments of Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe have regularly made attempts to lessen quelea populations. The most common method to kill members of problematic flocks was by spraying the

448:. He incorrectly mentioned that it originated in India, probably because ships from the East Indies picked up birds when visiting the African coast during their return voyage to Europe. It is likely that he had seen a draft of 1734: 1528:

sometimes attack drinking queleas, and an individual in Ethiopia hit birds out of the vegetation on the bank into the water with its tail, subsequently eating them. Queleas drinking at a waterhole were grabbed from below by

1660:

shelter from rain and wind. Affixing hanging branches, such as hawthorn, in the cage facilitates nesting. Adults are typically given a diet of tropical seeds enriched with grass seeds, augmented by living insects such as

1317:

take seeds from the grass ears directly. They prefer grains of 1–2 mm (0.04–0.08 in) in size. Red-billed queleas feed mainly on grass seeds, which includes a large number of annual species from the genera

1577:

tribe use triangular hand-held nets, which are both selective and efficient. Each team of six trappers caught about twenty thousand birds each night. An estimated five to ten million queleas are trapped near

965:

light brown or whitish with some dark stripes. The upperparts have light and dark brown longitudinal stripes, particularly at midlength, and are paler on the rump. The tail and upper wing are dark brown. The

1598:

fishermen cast nets over groups of birds. The impact of hunting on the quelea population (about 200 million individuals in the Lake Chad Basin) is deemed insignificant. Woven traps made from star grass

1144:

The red-billed quelea is regarded as the most numerous undomesticated bird on earth, with the total post-breeding population sometimes peaking at an estimated 1.5 billion individuals. The species is

1125:

moves from northern and central Sudan and central Ethiopia in May and June, to breed in southern Sudan, South Sudan, southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya, moving back north from August to October.

1193:. Red-billed queleas may also roost together with weavers, estrildids and barn swallows. Their life expectancy is two to three years in the wild, but one captive bird lived for eighteen years. 1787: 976:

The females resemble the males in non-breeding plumage, but have a yellow or orangey bill and eye-ring during the breeding season. At other times, the female bill is pink or dull red.

1699:

at present directed at removing those congregations that are likely to attack vulnerable fields. In eastern and southern Africa, the control of quelea is often coordinated by the

492:

illustrated the species in colour, based on a live male specimen owned by a Mrs Clayton in Surrey. He called it the "Brazilian sparrow", despite being unsure whether it came from

1700: 1096:

and can only be found within about 30 km (19 mi) distance of the nearest body of water. It is found in wet habitats, congregating at the shores of waterbodies, such as

1772: 3000:

Shefte, N.; Bruggers, R. L.; Schafer Jr., E. W. (April 1982). "Repellency and Toxicity of Three Bird Control Chemicals to Four Species of African Grain-Eating Birds".

380:

southern South Africa. It constructs oval roofed nests woven from strips of grass hanging from thorny branches, sugar cane or reeds. It breeds in very large colonies.

3044:

Workshop on Research Priorities for Migrant Pests of Agriculture in Southern Africa, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa, 24 to 26 March 1999

4815: 1913: 2957:

Mulliè, Wim C. (2000). "Traditional capture of Red-billed Quelea Quelea quelea in the Lake Chad Basin and its possible role in reducing damage levels in cereals".

1704: 1284: 2430: 1236:

fields or reeds. Colonies can consist of millions of nests, in densities of 30,000 per ha (12,000 per acre). Over 6000 nests in a single tree have been counted.

4880: 383:

The quelea feeds primarily on seeds of annual grasses, but also causes extensive damage to cereal crops. Therefore, it is sometimes called "Africa's feathered

4947: 1615:

is collected from under large roosts in Nigeria and used as a fertiliser. Tourists like to watch the large flocks of queleas, such as during visits of the

413: 1718: 3084: 1271:-rich insects. Later the nestlings mainly get seeds. The young birds fledge after about two weeks in the nest. They are sexually mature in one year. 4776: 4841: 1117:

when the rains have started, to eat the remaining ungerminated seeds. In Senegal migration is probably between the southeast and the northwest.

718: 984:

months after hatching, after which the plumage resembles that of non-breeding adults, although the head is grey, the cheeks whitish, and wing

2384: 2352: 4967: 4962: 2639: 3328: 3154: 1834: 766: 4789: 2850:

The Problems of Birds as Pests: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Royal Geographical Society, London, on 28 and 29 September 1967

2344: 2146: 1974:

Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis

3068: 2829: 2704: 2296: 1145: 4957: 2575:"Lack of genetic and plumage differentiation in the red-billed quelea Quelea quelea across a migratory divide in southern Africa" 4763: 3308: 421: 328:, is a small—approximately 12 cm (4.7 in) long and weighing 15–26 g (0.53–0.92 oz)—migratory, sparrow-like 223: 58: 3674: 3664: 3318: 995:

Different subspecies are distinguished by different colour patterns of the male breeding plumage. In the typical subspecies,

375:

from Gabon to Mozambique and South Africa. Non-breeding birds have light underparts, striped brown upper parts, yellow-edged

4846: 450:

Ornithologia, sive Synopsis methodica sistens avium divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera, species, ipsarumque varietates

2338: 2215: 4867: 1664:, spiders, or boiled shredded egg during the breeding season. Fine stone grit and calcium sources, such as shell grit and 1302: 1201: 41: 4952: 4828: 3298: 3238: 3205: 2694: 2073: 1725: 699: 489: 759:). The genus belongs to the group of true weavers (subfamily Ploceinae), and is most closely related to the fodies ( 4885: 3814: 3704: 3386: 2448: 687:, meaning "quail", linking the prodigious numbers of queleas to the hordes of quail that fed the Israelites during 2898: 3914: 3376: 3215: 1680:

Sometimes called "Africa's feathered locust", the red-billed quelea is considered a serious agricultural pest in

1522:

that probably lays eggs in nests of queleas. Some predators, such as snakes, raid nests and eat eggs and chicks.

2771: 538:

Three subspecies are recognised. In the field, these are distinguished by differences in male breeding plumage.

4513: 3124: 1368: 557: 453: 107: 3604: 1478: 1462:) are eaten on a large scale. Red-billed queleas have also been observed feeding on crushed corn from cattle 4443: 3764: 3724: 3147: 2721: 2078: 1539: 1530: 999:, breeding males have a buff crown, nape and underparts and the black mask extends high up the forehead. In 3088: 2647:. Invasive animal risk assessment. Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, State of Queensland, Australia. 4794: 4701: 4618: 4573: 4533: 4523: 3734: 3714: 3273: 3263: 3058: 2401: 1972: 1821: 520: 3694: 4563: 4413: 3984: 3904: 3744: 3594: 3474: 1228: 1133: 441: 202: 4064: 3524: 1848: 1825: 4683: 4665: 4503: 4483: 4074: 4014: 3864: 3754: 3504: 3444: 3351: 2966: 2589: 2312: 2251: 1625: 1616: 1306: 1182: 575: 4596: 4473: 4463: 4453: 4423: 4192: 4182: 4152: 4132: 4122: 4044: 4034: 3964: 3894: 3844: 3554: 3544: 3464: 1636: 1601: 1545: 1502:, foxes, jackals, hyaenas, cats, lions and leopards. Bird species that prey on queleas include the 1222: 393: 72: 3119: 2848:

Crook, C.H.; Ward, P. (1967). "The Quelea Problem in Africa". In R.K. Murton; E.N. Wright (eds.).

1301:

After 8:00 in the morning, tightly packed flocks await their chance to drink at waterholes in the

4656: 4212: 4162: 3994: 3634: 3140: 3110: 3017: 2982: 2794: 2613: 2504: 2267: 2193: 1884: 1681: 1631: 1374: 1216: 1150: 992:

again and their plumage starts to look like that of breeding adults, with a pinkish-purple bill.

612: 501: 352: 337: 251: 102: 4004: 3834: 3614: 3574: 1079:, and its distribution covers most of sub-Saharan Africa. It avoids forests, however, including 456:

that was to be published in 1760, and which contained a black and white drawing of the species.

4820: 2821: 2574: 4906: 4859: 4724: 4553: 4293: 4258: 4235: 4054: 3924: 3824: 3794: 3534: 3514: 3454: 3064: 2825: 2700: 2605: 2496: 2380: 2372: 2348: 2292: 2286: 1256: 1072: 1012: 857: 752: 648: 2173: 1868: 1360:

showed that two-thirds of the seeds eaten belonged to only three species: African wild rice (

3974: 3684: 3163: 3009: 2974: 2879: 2786: 2752: 2597: 2488: 2259: 2185: 2121: 2108:

Ward, Peter (1966). "Distribution, systematics, and polymorphism of the African weaver-bird

1982: 1876: 1843: 1620: 1573:, three traditional methods are used to catch red-billed queleas. Trappers belonging to the 945: 775:. The following tree represents current insight of the relationships between the species of 640: 285: 4911: 4706: 1486:

Natural enemies of the red-billed quelea include other birds, snakes, warthogs, squirrels,

4972: 4893: 4543: 4378: 4283: 4202: 4024: 3944: 3934: 3884: 3874: 3409: 1689: 1606: 1515: 1407: 1399: 1080: 840: 744: 730: 680: 608: 595: 513: 465: 426: 3804: 2003:. Vol. 2. Lugduni Batavorum (Leiden, Netherlands): Apud Theodorum Haak. p. 337. 473:. Brisson mentions that the bird originates from Senegal, where it had been collected by 2970: 2929:

Pocock, 1892 (Scorpiones, Liochelidae) as a possible predator of the red-billed quelea,

2743:

Crook, J. H. (1960). "Nest form and construction in certain West African weaver-birds".

2593: 2255: 2232: 1071:

The red-billed quelea is mostly found in tropical and subtropical areas with a seasonal

4388: 4368: 4172: 4097: 3774: 3564: 3434: 2883: 2814: 2756: 2368: 2125: 2082: 1525: 1519: 1495: 1263: 985: 970: 966: 961: 711: 707: 672: 664: 656: 505: 474: 460: 431: 376: 348: 4670: 1537:. Among the invertebrates that kill and eat youngsters are the armoured bush cricket ( 1157:

is needed for the queleas to gain enough fat to allow migration to new feeding areas.

233: 4941: 4854: 4493: 3644: 3624: 3494: 3484: 3367: 2601: 2508: 1968: 1888: 1644: 1640: 1595: 1511: 1503: 1362: 417: 401: 397: 344: 219: 92: 87: 2986: 2271: 1997: 1003:

the mask also extends high up the forehead, but the underparts are mainly white. In

4729: 4433: 4348: 4338: 4142: 3784: 2924: 2617: 1779: 1551: 1113: 1091:

and arid coastal regions of Namibia and Angola. It was introduced to the island of

1088: 1030: 980: 960:

Over 75% of males have a black facial "mask", comprising a black forehead, cheeks,

734: 4768: 4716: 3036: 2978: 2548: 1579: 1044: 769:. These two genera are in turn the sister clade to the Asian species of the genus 3087:. Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern Africa (DLCO-EA). Archived from 1583:

morning, dried in the sun, and transported to the city to be sold on the market.

603:, with no evidence of genetic isolation. Hence it is not recognised as distinct. 4872: 4802: 4650: 4358: 3954: 3854: 3654: 3584: 3289: 2492: 1591: 1587: 1507: 1319: 1295: 1190: 1154: 1153:

to ensure year-round food availability. The consumption of a lot of food with a

528: 4924: 3105: 1087:

such as those in central Africa, and is generally absent from western parts of

4919: 3254: 3196: 2263: 1665: 1656: 1557: 1343: 1240: 1233: 1097: 1092: 1084: 969:

are edged greenish or yellow. The eye has a narrow naked red ring and a brown

688: 543: 360: 4641: 2452: 1705:

International Red Locust Control Organization for Central and Southern Africa

17: 4750: 4404: 3168: 1978: 1570: 1455: 1447: 1357: 1177: 532: 333: 169: 159: 119: 4833: 2609: 2500: 1940: 1880: 1668:, provide nutrients as well. If provided with material like fresh grass or 1251:

In the breeding season, males are diversely coloured. These differences in

988:

and flight feathers have buff margins. At an age of about five months they

2772:"An Experimental Study of the Mechanisms of Nest Building in a Weaverbird" 2068: 1908: 1569:

The red-billed quelea is caught and eaten in many parts of Africa. Around

948:

between red-billed and red-headed queleas has been observed in captivity.

4898: 4693: 4635: 4328: 4113: 1798: 1695: 1661: 1574: 1491: 1349: 989: 470: 436: 139: 4781: 4678: 3425: 3186: 3021: 2798: 2722:"The weaving of the red-billed weaver bird, Quelea quelea in captivity" 2523: 2197: 1692: 1463: 1337: 1331: 1325: 1268: 1252: 1171: 921: 771: 388: 4807: 4319: 4274: 1764: 1745: 1534: 1487: 1415: 1383: 1379: 894: 802: 761: 739: 497: 493: 384: 179: 129: 4742: 4612: 3132: 3013: 2790: 2189: 4755: 1707:(IRLCO-CSA), which make their aircraft available for this purpose. 737:

of a clade that contains both other remaining species of the genus

4737: 3178: 1612: 1499: 1477: 1431: 1200: 1076: 979:

Newborns have white bills and are almost naked with some wisps of

717:"Red-billed quelea" has been designated the official name by the 683:. M.W. Jeffreys suggested that the term came from medieval Latin 1669: 1423: 1391: 1161: 1101: 329: 149: 4616: 3136: 2573:

Dallimer, M.; Jones, P.J; Pemberton, J.M.; Cheke, R.A. (2003).

1635:. The animal's large distribution and population resulted in a 1100:, during flooding. It needs shrubs, reeds or trees to nest and 2866:

Ward, Peter (1965). "Feeding ecology of the black-faced dioch

2676:) Using Remote Sensing And Geographic Information System (GIS) 1439: 1267:

days. After the chicks hatch, they are fed for some days with

297: 2820:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 2291:(in German). Vol. 3. Neudamm: J. Neumann. p. 109. 2231:

Jones, P.J.; Dallimer, M.; Cheke, R.A.; Mundy, P.J. (2002).

1008:

the ranges of the subspecies overlap, such as at Lake Chad.

2638:

Markula, Anna; Hannan-Jones, Martin; Csurhes, Steve (200).

1128:

In southern Africa, the total population of the subspecies

306: 303: 2816:

Avian Architecture: How Birds Design, Engineer, and Build

1605:) are used to catch hundreds of these birds daily in the 27:

Small, migratory weaver bird native to Sub-Saharan Africa

2696:

Traditional Ecological Knowledge: A Collection of Essays

485:

in Latin, both meaning "red-billed Senegalese sparrow".

463:

of India was corrected to Africa in the 12th edition of

2178:

The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London

2174:"Report of the Expedition for Exploring Central Africa" 1590:

use standing fishing nets with a very fine mesh, while

1075:, resulting in dry thornbush grassland, including the 3042:. In R.A. Cheke; L.J. Rosenberg; M.E. Kieser (eds.). 3037:"5. Quelea Management in Southern and Eastern Africa" 1701:

Desert Locust Control Organization for Eastern Africa

1378:). When the supply of these seeds runs out, seeds of 765:), a genus of six or seven species that occur on the 294: 291: 2672:

Monitoring and Habitat Location of the Weaver bird (

1763:

in breeding plumage with a yellow wash on the head,

590:

Formerly, two other subspecies have been described.

477:

during his 1748-1752 expedition. He called the bird

300: 4625: 4587: 4402: 4317: 4272: 4249: 4226: 4111: 4088: 3423: 3400: 3365: 3342: 3287: 3252: 3229: 3194: 3176: 288: 2813: 1981:: (Laurentii Salvii). p. 176 – via The 508:, but rather a weaver, and created the genus name 1977:(in Latin). Vol. I (10th revised ed.). 1849:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22719128A94613042.en 2899:"Turtles take Red-billed Quelea (Quelea quelea)" 2770:Collias, Nicholas E.; Collias, Elsie C. (1962). 2431:"NRM 568681 Ploceus aethiopicus Sundevall, 1850" 2233:"Are there two subspecies of Red-billed Quelea, 1619:. The birds themselves eat pest insects such as 1024: 698:is probably named in honor of the ornithologist 387:". The usual pest-control measures are spraying 2453:"Old World sparrows, snowfinches & weavers" 2217:Check-list of the birds of the world. Volume 15 1778:Females in breeding plumage with yellow bills, 2940:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society 1549:. Internal parasites found in queleas include 3148: 8: 2379:(3rd ed.). Robina: Alexander Editions. 2340:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names 2220:. Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 62. 1914:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2209: 2207: 1181:), and in western Africa they may join the 4613: 3155: 3141: 3133: 3063:. Springer Sciencefiction & Business. 2923:Vincent, Leonard S.; Breitman, Ty (2010). 2633: 2631: 2629: 2627: 1164:with thorny or spiny vegetation—typically 627:Linnaeus himself did not explain the name 412:The red-billed quelea was one of the many 232: 81: 57: 40: 31: 2861: 2859: 1963: 1961: 1847: 531:in 1877 and named after the aviculturist 3057:McCullough, Dale; Barrett, R.H. (2012). 2147:"Zwartmasker roodbekwever Quelea quelea" 2103: 2101: 2099: 1160:When breeding, it selects areas such as 611:in 1886 from east Africa, is regarded a 371:from Sudan to Somalia and Tanzania, and 367:occurring roughly from Senegal to Chad, 2959:Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 1810: 1714: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2656: 2654: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1816: 1814: 719:International Ornithological Committee 2669:Abdelwahid, Amel Abdelraheem (2008). 2481:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2459:. International Ornithologists' Union 523:was described as a separate species, 355:assigned it in 1850 to the new genus 7: 2343:. London: Christopher Helm. p. 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1873:Handbook of Birds of the World Alive 1744:in breeding plumage with pink wash, 4948:IUCN Red List least concern species 1835:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1655:The red-billed quelea is sometimes 833: 809: 796: 789: 782: 767:islands of the western Indian Ocean 3002:The Journal of Wildlife Management 2884:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1965.tb07296.x 2757:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1960.tb05090.x 2126:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1966.tb07250.x 1996:Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1763). 1120:In eastern Africa, the subspecies 710:was collected in the neighbouring 483:Passer senegalensis erythrorynchos 25: 2524:"Red-billed Quelea Quelea quelea" 3329:Donaldson Smith's sparrow-weaver 3104: 2602:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01733.x 1786: 1771: 1752: 1733: 1717: 1294: 1283: 1029: 284: 106: 4795:red-billed-quelea-quelea-quelea 3309:Chestnut-crowned sparrow-weaver 2693:Johannes, Robert Earle (1989). 2451:; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). 779:, and their closest relatives. 733:, the red-billed quelea is the 578:in 1850, but later assigned to 560:in 1836, but later assigned to 3675:Northern brown-throated weaver 3665:Southern brown-throated weaver 3319:Chestnut-backed sparrow-weaver 623:Etymology and vernacular names 504:thought the species was not a 479:Moineau à bec rouge du Senegal 1: 2979:10.1080/00306525.2000.9639856 2852:(revised ed.). Elsevier. 2069:"Quelea quelea (weaver bird)" 702:. The name of the subspecies 347:in 1758, who considered it a 3035:Elliott, Clive C.H. (2000). 2313:"Roodbekwever Quelea quelea" 1132:in October converges on the 706:refers to Ethiopia, and its 4968:Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa 4963:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 3299:White-browed sparrow-weaver 3239:White-headed buffalo weaver 3206:White-billed buffalo weaver 2720:Friedmann, Herbert (1924). 2493:10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.013 2457:World Bird List Version 7.1 2411:. World Agroforestry Center 2074:Invasive Species Compendium 919:Asian species of the genus 4989: 3387:Black-capped social weaver 2812:Goodfellow, Peter (2011). 2400:Orwa; et al. (2009). 2337:Jobling, James A. (2010). 1657:kept and bred in captivity 369:Q. q. aethiopica 3377:Grey-capped social weaver 3216:Red-billed buffalo weaver 3120:"Red-billed quelea media" 2682:. University of Khartoum. 2435:Naturhistorica Riksmuseet 2409:Agroforestry Database 4.0 2285:Reichenow, Anton (1900). 2264:10.2989/00306520209485349 2214:Peters, James L. (1962). 1797:in non-breeding plumage, 1005:Q. quelea aethiopica 917: 890: 855: 838: 831: 814: 807: 794: 787: 605:Q. quelea intermedia 469:of 1766, and Brisson was 257: 250: 240: 231: 208: 201: 103:Scientific classification 101: 79: 70: 65: 56: 49:Male breeding plumage of 48: 39: 34: 4514:Yellow-mantled widowbird 3125:Internet Bird Collection 2674:Quelea quelea aethiopica 2151:Werkgroep voor Ploceidae 1842:: e.T22719128A94613042. 1565:Interactions with humans 1531:African helmeted turtles 1369:Sorghum purpureosericeum 1067:Distribution and habitat 592:Q. quelea spoliator 454:Mathurin Jacques Brisson 430:. Classifying it in the 396:of red-billed quelea is 373:Q. q. lathamii 51:Q. q. lathamii 4958:Birds described in 1758 4444:Black-winged red bishop 3815:Vieillot's black weaver 3765:Tanzanian masked weaver 3725:Vitelline masked weaver 3705:Heuglin's masked weaver 2836:Red-billed quelea nest. 2079:University of Greenwich 1623:, and the moth species 1540:Acanthoplus discoidalis 1482:Flocking at a waterhole 1474:Predators and parasites 1130:Q. quelea lathamii 601:Q. quelea lathamii 4534:Red-collared widowbird 4524:White-winged widowbird 3915:Maxwell's black weaver 3735:Southern masked weaver 3715:Northern masked weaver 3697:or Rueppell's weaver ( 3274:Scaly-feathered weaver 3264:Speckle-fronted weaver 2897:Robel, Detlef (2008). 2522:Weaver Research Unit. 2237:, in southern Africa?" 2172:Smith, Andrew (1836). 2067:Cheke, Robert (2015). 1881:10.2173/bow.rebque1.01 1822:BirdLife International 1483: 1210: 1061:tweedle-toodle-tweedle 332:of the weaver family, 4564:Long-tailed widowbird 4414:Yellow-crowned bishop 3985:Black-breasted weaver 3905:Yellow-mantled weaver 3745:Katanga masked weaver 3605:Holub's golden weaver 3595:Eastern golden weaver 3475:Slender-billed weaver 1481: 1452:Phagopyrum esculentum 1262:Both sexes share the 1229:Dichrostachys cinerea 1204: 1140:Ecology and behaviour 997:Q. quelea quelea 420:in the landmark 1758 363:are recognised, with 320:), also known as the 66:Non-breeding plumage 4504:Fan-tailed widowbird 4484:Golden-backed bishop 4075:Yellow-legged weaver 4015:Yellow-capped weaver 3865:Golden-backed weaver 3755:Lufira masked weaver 3505:Lesser masked weaver 3445:Black-chinned weaver 3352:Rufous-tailed weaver 2528:Weavers of the World 2402:"Xylopia aethiopica" 1626:Helicoverpa armigera 1617:Kruger National Park 1232:), but sometimes in 1205:Two males of subsp. 1183:Sudan golden sparrow 576:Carl Jakob Sundevall 548:Quelea quelea quelea 452:, a book written by 365:Quelea quelea quelea 4597:Thick-billed weaver 4574:Jackson's widowbird 4474:Zanzibar red bishop 4464:Southern red bishop 4454:Northern red bishop 4424:Fire-fronted bishop 4333:F. madagascariensis 4193:Blue-billed malimbe 4183:Red-bellied malimbe 4123:Red-crowned malimbe 4045:Brown-capped weaver 4035:Olive-headed weaver 3965:Asian golden weaver 3895:Golden-naped weaver 3845:Black-headed weaver 3555:Black-billed weaver 3545:Black-necked weaver 2971:2000Ostri..71...15M 2927:Cheloctonus jonesii 2594:2003MolEc..12..345D 2256:2002Ostri..73...36J 1941:"Red-billed Quelea" 1869:"Red-billed quelea" 1637:conservation status 1602:Cynodon nlemfuensis 1546:Cheloctonus jonesii 1543:) and the scorpion 1223:Senegalia mellifera 1155:high energy content 1134:Zimbabwean Highveld 637:kwelea domo-jekundu 572:Ploceus aethiopicus 408:Taxonomy and naming 394:conservation status 264:Linnaeus, 1758 73:Conservation status 4953:Agricultural pests 4456:or orange bishop ( 4213:Red-headed malimbe 4163:Red-vented malimbe 3995:Dark-backed weaver 3635:Golden palm weaver 3525:Bannerman's weaver 2377:Australian Parrots 2369:Forshaw, Joseph M. 2250:(1&2): 36–42. 1703:(DLCO-EA) and the 1682:Sub-Saharan Africa 1672:they can be bred. 1632:Spodoptera exempta 1484: 1375:Echinochloa colona 1226:) and sicklebush ( 1217:Vachellia tortilis 1211: 1209:at their nest site 1001:Q. quelea lathamii 842:Q. cardinalis 749:Q. cardinalis 714:in today's Sudan. 635:is locally called 582:as its subspecies 564:as its subspecies 519:. The white-faced 502:Ludwig Reichenbach 353:Ludwig Reichenbach 338:Sub-Saharan Africa 245:rough distribution 35:Red-billed quelea 4935: 4934: 4907:Open Tree of Life 4619:Taxon identifiers 4610: 4609: 4554:Montane widowbird 4304:Red-billed quelea 4294:Red-headed quelea 4259:Bob-tailed weaver 4236:Red-headed weaver 4055:Bar-winged weaver 4019:P. dorsomaculatus 3925:Nelicourvi weaver 3859:P. dichrocephalus 3849:P. melanocephalus 3515:Spectacled weaver 3455:Baglafecht weaver 3323:P. rufoscapulatus 3085:"The Quelea Bird" 2933:(Linnaeus, 1758)" 2641:Red-billed quelea 2582:Molecular Ecology 2386:978-0-9581212-0-0 2373:William T. Cooper 2354:978-1-4081-2501-4 2288:Die Vögel Afrikas 1728:published in 1760 1621:migratory locusts 1460:Helianthus annuus 1420:Panicum miliaceum 1372:and jungle rice ( 1073:semi-arid climate 1055: 1054: 1013:pin-tailed whydah 942: 941: 933: 932: 906: 905: 879: 878: 870: 869: 859:Q. erythrops 757:Q. erythrops 753:red-headed quelea 594:was described by 574:was described by 556:was described by 512:, as well as the 440:, he gave it the 400:according to the 322:red-billed weaver 280:red-billed quelea 276: 275: 96: 16:(Redirected from 4980: 4928: 4927: 4915: 4914: 4902: 4901: 4889: 4888: 4876: 4875: 4873:NHMSYS0001689630 4863: 4862: 4850: 4849: 4837: 4836: 4824: 4823: 4811: 4810: 4798: 4797: 4785: 4784: 4772: 4771: 4759: 4758: 4746: 4745: 4733: 4732: 4720: 4719: 4710: 4709: 4697: 4696: 4687: 4686: 4684:2B6DE1366B1D557C 4674: 4673: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4646: 4645: 4644: 4614: 4558:E. psammacromius 4343:F. eminentissima 4187:M. erythrogaster 4153:Rachel's malimbe 4133:Cassin's malimbe 4102:P. superciliosus 3695:Rüppell's weaver 3685:Kilombero weaver 3619:Ploceus princeps 3489:P. subpersonatus 3465:Bertram's weaver 3439:P. superciliosus 3313:P. superciliosus 3157: 3150: 3143: 3134: 3129: 3109:Data related to 3108: 3093: 3092: 3081: 3075: 3074: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3041: 3032: 3026: 3025: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2937: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2903: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2863: 2854: 2853: 2845: 2839: 2838: 2819: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2776: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2690: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2666: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2635: 2622: 2621: 2579: 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2519: 2513: 2512: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2406: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2241: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2211: 2202: 2201: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2143: 2130: 2129: 2105: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2064: 2005: 2004: 1993: 1987: 1986: 1983:Internet Archive 1965: 1956: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1937: 1918: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1865: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1818: 1795:Q. q. aethiopica 1790: 1775: 1761:Q. q. aethiopica 1756: 1742:Q. q. aethiopica 1737: 1721: 1388:Hordeum disticum 1298: 1287: 1081:miombo woodlands 1033: 1025: 834: 810: 797: 790: 783: 729:Based on recent 343:It was named by 326:red-billed dioch 313: 312: 309: 308: 305: 302: 299: 296: 293: 290: 265: 244: 236: 214: 111: 110: 90: 85: 84: 61: 44: 32: 21: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4982: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4977: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4923: 4918: 4910: 4905: 4897: 4894:Observation.org 4892: 4884: 4879: 4871: 4866: 4858: 4853: 4845: 4840: 4832: 4827: 4819: 4814: 4806: 4801: 4793: 4788: 4780: 4775: 4767: 4762: 4754: 4749: 4741: 4736: 4728: 4723: 4715: 4713: 4705: 4700: 4692: 4690: 4682: 4677: 4669: 4664: 4655: 4654: 4649: 4640: 4639: 4634: 4621: 4611: 4606: 4583: 4544:Marsh widowbird 4478:E. nigroventris 4466:or red bishop ( 4458:E. franciscanus 4398: 4379:Seychelles fody 4313: 4284:Cardinal quelea 4268: 4245: 4222: 4203:Crested malimbe 4107: 4084: 4069:P. sanctithomae 4065:São Tomé weaver 4039:P. olivaceiceps 4025:Usambara weaver 4005:Preuss's weaver 3989:P. benghalensis 3979:P. megarhynchus 3945:Streaked weaver 3935:Sakalava weaver 3885:Chestnut weaver 3875:Cinnamon weaver 3835:Clarke's weaver 3719:P. taeniopterus 3669:P. xanthopterus 3649:P. castaneiceps 3615:Príncipe weaver 3575:Bocage's weaver 3559:P. melanogaster 3419: 3410:Sociable weaver 3396: 3361: 3338: 3283: 3248: 3225: 3190: 3172: 3161: 3118: 3101: 3096: 3091:on 28 May 2022. 3083: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3056: 3055: 3051: 3039: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3014:10.2307/3808656 2999: 2998: 2994: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2935: 2922: 2921: 2917: 2901: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2865: 2864: 2857: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2791:10.2307/4082640 2774: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2707: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2668: 2667: 2652: 2644: 2637: 2636: 2625: 2577: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2557: 2555: 2549:"Quelea quelea" 2547: 2546: 2542: 2532: 2530: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2447: 2446: 2442: 2429: 2428: 2424: 2414: 2412: 2404: 2399: 2398: 2394: 2387: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2355: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2299: 2284: 2283: 2279: 2239: 2230: 2229: 2225: 2213: 2212: 2205: 2190:10.2307/1797576 2171: 2170: 2166: 2156: 2154: 2145: 2144: 2133: 2107: 2106: 2097: 2087: 2085: 2066: 2065: 2008: 1995: 1994: 1990: 1967: 1966: 1959: 1949: 1947: 1939: 1938: 1921: 1907: 1903: 1893: 1891: 1867: 1866: 1857: 1820: 1819: 1812: 1808: 1801: 1791: 1782: 1776: 1767: 1757: 1748: 1738: 1729: 1722: 1713: 1690:organophosphate 1678: 1676:Pest management 1653: 1607:Kondoa District 1567: 1526:Nile crocodiles 1516:diederik cuckoo 1476: 1412:Setaria italica 1404:Sorghum bicolor 1314: 1313: 1312: 1311: 1310: 1299: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1277: 1220:), blackthorn ( 1199: 1175:) and bishops ( 1142: 1069: 1056: 1051: 1042: 1041: 1039:Songs and calls 1022: 967:flight feathers 954: 943: 934: 907: 880: 871: 745:cardinal quelea 727: 712:Sennar province 694:The subspecies 681:Tsonga language 625: 609:Anton Reichenow 607:, described by 596:Phillip Clancey 514:new combination 466:Systema Naturae 446:Emberiza quelea 427:Systema Naturae 414:birds described 410: 377:flight feathers 287: 283: 263: 261:Emberiza quelea 246: 242: 227: 216: 210: 197: 105: 97: 86: 82: 75: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4986: 4984: 4976: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4940: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4929: 4916: 4903: 4890: 4877: 4864: 4851: 4838: 4825: 4812: 4799: 4786: 4773: 4760: 4747: 4734: 4721: 4711: 4698: 4688: 4675: 4662: 4647: 4631: 4629: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4608: 4607: 4605: 4604: 4593: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4571: 4561: 4551: 4541: 4531: 4528:E. albonotatus 4521: 4511: 4501: 4491: 4481: 4471: 4461: 4451: 4441: 4431: 4421: 4410: 4408: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4396: 4389:Rodrigues fody 4386: 4383:F. sechellarum 4376: 4369:Mauritius fody 4366: 4356: 4346: 4336: 4325: 4323: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4311: 4301: 4291: 4280: 4278: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4266: 4255: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4243: 4232: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4217:M. rubricollis 4210: 4200: 4190: 4180: 4177:M. ibadanensis 4173:Ibadan malimbe 4170: 4160: 4150: 4140: 4130: 4119: 4117: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4098:Compact weaver 4094: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4082: 4072: 4062: 4052: 4042: 4032: 4022: 4012: 4002: 3992: 3982: 3972: 3969:P. hypoxanthus 3962: 3959:P. philippinus 3952: 3942: 3932: 3922: 3912: 3902: 3892: 3889:P. rubiginosus 3882: 3872: 3862: 3852: 3842: 3832: 3825:Weyns's weaver 3822: 3812: 3802: 3795:Speke's weaver 3792: 3782: 3775:Village weaver 3772: 3762: 3752: 3742: 3732: 3722: 3712: 3702: 3692: 3682: 3672: 3662: 3659:P. holoxanthus 3652: 3642: 3632: 3622: 3612: 3602: 3592: 3582: 3572: 3565:Strange weaver 3562: 3552: 3549:P. nigricollis 3542: 3535:Bates's weaver 3532: 3522: 3512: 3509:P. intermedius 3502: 3492: 3482: 3472: 3462: 3452: 3449:P. nigrimentus 3442: 3435:Compact weaver 3431: 3429: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3417: 3406: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3394: 3384: 3373: 3371: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3359: 3348: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3336: 3326: 3316: 3306: 3295: 3293: 3285: 3284: 3282: 3281: 3278:S. squamifrons 3271: 3260: 3258: 3250: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3235: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3223: 3213: 3210:B. albirostris 3202: 3200: 3192: 3191: 3184: 3182: 3174: 3173: 3162: 3160: 3159: 3152: 3145: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3116: 3115:at Wikispecies 3100: 3099:External links 3097: 3095: 3094: 3076: 3069: 3049: 3027: 3008:(2): 453–457. 2992: 2965:(1–2): 15–20. 2949: 2925:"The scorpion 2915: 2889: 2878:(2): 173–214. 2855: 2840: 2830: 2804: 2785:(4): 568–595. 2762: 2735: 2732:(16): 357–372. 2712: 2705: 2685: 2650: 2623: 2588:(2): 345–353. 2565: 2540: 2514: 2470: 2440: 2422: 2392: 2385: 2360: 2353: 2329: 2304: 2297: 2277: 2223: 2203: 2164: 2131: 2095: 2083:United Kingdom 2006: 1988: 1969:Linnaeus, Carl 1957: 1919: 1901: 1855: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1792: 1785: 1783: 1777: 1770: 1768: 1758: 1751: 1749: 1739: 1732: 1730: 1726:George Edwards 1723: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1677: 1674: 1652: 1649: 1566: 1563: 1520:brood parasite 1475: 1472: 1446:), as well as 1396:Eragrostis tef 1356:One survey at 1300: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1255:do not signal 1198: 1195: 1189:) and various 1141: 1138: 1068: 1065: 1053: 1052: 1043: 1037: 1035: 1023: 1021: 1018: 953: 950: 940: 939: 936: 935: 931: 930: 927: 926: 916: 913: 912: 909: 908: 904: 903: 900: 899: 889: 886: 885: 882: 881: 877: 876: 873: 872: 868: 867: 864: 863: 854: 851: 850: 847: 846: 837: 832: 830: 827: 826: 823: 822: 813: 808: 806: 795: 793: 788: 786: 781: 726: 723: 624: 621: 615:of subspecies 588: 587: 580:Q. quelea 569: 562:Q. quelea 554:Loxia lathamii 551: 525:Q. russii 517:Q. quelea 490:George Edwards 488:Also in 1766, 481:in French and 475:Michel Adanson 459:The erroneous 416:originally by 409: 406: 274: 273: 272: 271: 266: 255: 254: 248: 247: 241: 238: 237: 229: 228: 217: 206: 205: 199: 198: 194:Q. quelea 191: 189: 185: 184: 177: 173: 172: 167: 163: 162: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 117: 113: 112: 99: 98: 80: 77: 76: 71: 68: 67: 63: 62: 54: 53: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4985: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4926: 4925:Quelea-quelea 4921: 4917: 4913: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4752: 4748: 4744: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4671:Quelea_quelea 4667: 4663: 4658: 4657:Quelea quelea 4652: 4648: 4643: 4637: 4633: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4627:Quelea quelea 4624: 4620: 4615: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4586: 4579: 4575: 4572: 4569: 4565: 4562: 4559: 4555: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4525: 4522: 4519: 4515: 4512: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4494:Yellow bishop 4492: 4489: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4465: 4462: 4459: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4448:E. hordeaceus 4445: 4442: 4439: 4435: 4432: 4429: 4428:E. diadematus 4425: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4401: 4394: 4390: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4360: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4334: 4330: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4321: 4316: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4288:Q. cardinalis 4285: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4276: 4271: 4264: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4208: 4207:M. malimbicus 4204: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4151: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4099: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4087: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4070: 4066: 4063: 4060: 4059:P. angolensis 4056: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4043: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4016: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3975:Finn's weaver 3973: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3929:P. nelicourvi 3926: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3903: 3900: 3899:P. aureonucha 3896: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3819:P. nigerrimus 3816: 3813: 3810: 3809:P. spekeoides 3806: 3803: 3800: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3786: 3783: 3780: 3779:P. cucullatus 3776: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3756: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3729:P. vitellinus 3726: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3645:Taveta weaver 3643: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3625:Orange weaver 3623: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3579:P. temporalis 3576: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3553: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3529:P. bannermani 3526: 3523: 3520: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3495:Little weaver 3493: 3490: 3486: 3485:Loango weaver 3483: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3459:P. baglafecht 3456: 3453: 3450: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3422: 3415: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3399: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3369: 3368:Pseudonigrita 3364: 3357: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3334: 3333:P. donaldsoni 3330: 3327: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3291: 3286: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3165: 3158: 3153: 3151: 3146: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3135: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3112:Quelea quelea 3107: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3080: 3077: 3072: 3070:9789401128681 3066: 3062: 3061: 3060:Wildlife 2001 3053: 3050: 3045: 3038: 3031: 3028: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2996: 2993: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2950: 2945: 2941: 2934: 2932: 2931:Quelea quelea 2928: 2919: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2900: 2893: 2890: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2870:in Nigeria". 2869: 2868:Quelea quelea 2862: 2860: 2856: 2851: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2831:9781400838318 2827: 2823: 2818: 2817: 2808: 2805: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2739: 2736: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2706:9782880329983 2702: 2698: 2697: 2689: 2686: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2642: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2576: 2569: 2566: 2554: 2550: 2544: 2541: 2529: 2525: 2518: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2471: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2410: 2403: 2396: 2393: 2388: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2364: 2361: 2356: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2333: 2330: 2318: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2300: 2298:9785882381157 2294: 2290: 2289: 2281: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2236: 2235:Quelea quelea 2227: 2224: 2219: 2218: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2165: 2152: 2148: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110:Quelea quelea 2104: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2075: 2070: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2002: 2001: 1992: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1970: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1902: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1829: 1828:Quelea quelea 1823: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1789: 1784: 1781: 1774: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1755: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1736: 1731: 1727: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1685: 1683: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1670:coconut fibre 1667: 1663: 1658: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1645:IUCN Red List 1642: 1641:least concern 1638: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1603: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1584: 1581: 1576: 1572: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1541: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1512:marabou stork 1509: 1505: 1504:lanner falcon 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1480: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1444:Avena aestiva 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1364: 1363:Oryza barthii 1359: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1340: 1339: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1321: 1309:respectively. 1308: 1304: 1297: 1286: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1218: 1208: 1203: 1196: 1194: 1192: 1188: 1187:Passer luteus 1184: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1147: 1139: 1137: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1109: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1066: 1064: 1062: 1050: 1049:on xeno-canto 1048: 1047:Quelea quelea 1040: 1036: 1034: 1032: 1027: 1026: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1009: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 991: 987: 982: 977: 974: 972: 968: 963: 958: 951: 949: 947: 946:Interbreeding 938: 937: 929: 928: 925: 924: 923: 915: 914: 911: 910: 902: 901: 898: 897: 896: 888: 887: 884: 883: 875: 874: 866: 865: 862: 861: 860: 853: 852: 849: 848: 845: 844: 843: 836: 835: 829: 828: 825: 824: 821: 820: 819: 812: 811: 805: 804: 799: 798: 792: 791: 785: 784: 780: 778: 774: 773: 768: 764: 763: 758: 754: 750: 746: 743:, namely the 742: 741: 736: 732: 724: 722: 720: 715: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 692: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 633:Quelea quelea 630: 622: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 597: 593: 585: 581: 577: 573: 570: 567: 563: 559: 555: 552: 549: 545: 541: 540: 539: 536: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 468: 467: 462: 461:type locality 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 442:binomial name 439: 438: 433: 429: 428: 423: 419: 415: 407: 405: 403: 402:IUCN Red List 399: 398:least concern 395: 390: 386: 381: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 346: 341: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 318: 317:Quelea quelea 311: 281: 270: 269:Quelea russii 267: 262: 259: 258: 256: 253: 249: 239: 235: 230: 225: 221: 215: 213: 212:Quelea quelea 207: 204: 203:Binomial name 200: 196: 195: 190: 187: 186: 183: 182: 178: 175: 174: 171: 168: 165: 164: 161: 160:Passeriformes 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 144: 141: 138: 135: 134: 131: 128: 125: 124: 121: 118: 115: 114: 109: 104: 100: 94: 89: 88:Least Concern 78: 74: 69: 64: 60: 55: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 18:Quelea quelea 4626: 4601:A. albifrons 4600: 4588: 4577: 4567: 4557: 4548:E. hartlaubi 4547: 4537: 4527: 4517: 4508:E. axillaris 4507: 4497: 4487: 4477: 4467: 4457: 4447: 4437: 4434:Black bishop 4427: 4417: 4403: 4393:F. flavicans 4392: 4382: 4372: 4362: 4353:F. aldabrana 4352: 4349:Aldabra fody 4342: 4339:Comoros fody 4332: 4318: 4307: 4303: 4298:Q. erythrops 4297: 4287: 4273: 4262: 4250: 4240:A. rubriceps 4239: 4227: 4216: 4206: 4196: 4186: 4176: 4166: 4157:M. racheliae 4156: 4147:M. ballmanni 4146: 4143:Gola malimbe 4136: 4127:M. coronatus 4126: 4112: 4101: 4090:Pachyphantes 4089: 4078: 4068: 4058: 4048: 4038: 4028: 4018: 4008: 3998: 3988: 3978: 3968: 3958: 3948: 3938: 3928: 3919:P. albinucha 3918: 3908: 3898: 3888: 3878: 3868: 3858: 3848: 3838: 3828: 3818: 3808: 3805:Fox's weaver 3798: 3788: 3785:Giant weaver 3778: 3769:P. reichardi 3768: 3758: 3748: 3738: 3728: 3718: 3708: 3698: 3688: 3679:P. castanops 3678: 3668: 3658: 3648: 3638: 3629:P. aurantius 3628: 3618: 3608: 3599:P. subaureus 3598: 3588: 3578: 3568: 3558: 3548: 3538: 3528: 3518: 3508: 3498: 3488: 3478: 3469:P. bertrandi 3468: 3458: 3448: 3438: 3424: 3413: 3401: 3390: 3380: 3366: 3356:H. ruficauda 3355: 3343: 3332: 3322: 3312: 3302: 3288: 3277: 3268:S. frontalis 3267: 3253: 3243:D. dinemelli 3242: 3230: 3219: 3209: 3195: 3185: 3177: 3167: 3123: 3111: 3089:the original 3079: 3059: 3052: 3043: 3030: 3005: 3001: 2995: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2943: 2939: 2930: 2926: 2918: 2909: 2905: 2892: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2849: 2843: 2835: 2815: 2807: 2782: 2778: 2765: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2695: 2688: 2675: 2671: 2640: 2585: 2581: 2568: 2556:. Retrieved 2552: 2543: 2531:. Retrieved 2527: 2517: 2484: 2480: 2473: 2461:. Retrieved 2456: 2443: 2434: 2425: 2413:. Retrieved 2408: 2395: 2376: 2363: 2339: 2332: 2320:. Retrieved 2316: 2307: 2287: 2280: 2247: 2243: 2234: 2226: 2216: 2181: 2177: 2167: 2155:. Retrieved 2150: 2120:(1): 34–40. 2117: 2113: 2109: 2086:. Retrieved 2072: 1998: 1991: 1973: 1948:. Retrieved 1945:Weaver Watch 1944: 1912: 1904: 1892:. Retrieved 1872: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1794: 1780:South Africa 1760: 1741: 1686: 1679: 1654: 1630: 1624: 1611: 1609:, Tanzania. 1600: 1585: 1568: 1556: 1552:Haemoproteus 1550: 1544: 1538: 1524: 1485: 1468: 1459: 1451: 1443: 1435: 1428:Oryza sativa 1427: 1419: 1411: 1403: 1395: 1387: 1373: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1318: 1315: 1261: 1250: 1246: 1238: 1227: 1221: 1215: 1212: 1206: 1186: 1176: 1170: 1165: 1159: 1143: 1129: 1127: 1121: 1119: 1114:Benoue River 1110: 1106: 1089:South Africa 1070: 1060: 1057: 1046: 1038: 1028: 1010: 1004: 1000: 996: 994: 978: 975: 959: 955: 944: 920: 918: 893: 891: 858: 856: 841: 839: 817: 816: 815: 801: 776: 770: 760: 756: 748: 738: 735:sister group 731:DNA analysis 728: 716: 703: 695: 693: 691:from Egypt. 684: 676: 668: 660: 652: 644: 636: 632: 628: 626: 616: 604: 600: 591: 589: 583: 579: 571: 565: 561: 558:Andrew Smith 553: 547: 546:subspecies, 537: 524: 516: 509: 506:true bunting 487: 482: 478: 464: 458: 449: 445: 435: 425: 422:10th edition 411: 382: 372: 368: 364: 356: 342: 336:, native to 325: 321: 316: 315: 279: 277: 268: 260: 211: 209: 193: 192: 180: 50: 29: 4803:iNaturalist 4651:Wikispecies 4589:Amblyospiza 4578:E. jacksoni 4518:E. macroura 4498:E. capensis 4438:E. gierowii 4359:Forest fody 4167:M. scutatus 4079:P. flavipes 4049:P. insignis 3955:Baya weaver 3939:P. sakalava 3909:P. tricolor 3869:P. jacksoni 3855:Juba weaver 3749:P. katangae 3709:P. heuglini 3689:P. burnieri 3655:Ruvu weaver 3609:P. xanthops 3589:P. capensis 3585:Cape weaver 3519:P. ocularis 3499:P. luteolus 3479:P. pelzelni 3402:Philetairus 3391:P. cabanisi 3290:Plocepasser 2946:(2): 59–60. 2906:Lanioturdus 2449:Gill, Frank 2184:: 394–413. 1724:Etching by 1588:Sara people 1508:tawny eagle 1490:, monkeys, 1320:Echinochloa 1146:specialised 1085:rainforests 1011:The female 952:Description 800:genus 700:John Latham 529:Otto Finsch 500:. In 1850, 4942:Categories 4920:Xeno-canto 4263:B. anomala 4251:Brachycope 4228:Anaplectes 4137:M. cassini 4029:P. nicolli 4009:P. preussi 3999:P. bicolor 3839:P. golandi 3789:P. grandis 3739:P. velatus 3699:P. galbula 3569:P. alienus 3381:P. arnaudi 3344:Histurgops 3255:Sporopipes 3231:Dinemellia 3197:Bubalornis 2553:Xeno-canto 2153:(in Dutch) 2000:vulgaribus 1806:References 1666:cuttlebone 1651:Aviculture 1639:listed as 1558:Plasmodium 1344:Tetrapogon 1264:incubation 1241:Malilangwe 1234:sugar cane 1191:estrildids 1122:aethiopica 1098:Lake Ngami 1045:Listen to 751:) and the 704:aethiopica 689:the Exodus 617:aethiopica 584:aethiopica 361:subspecies 4568:E. progne 4538:E. ardens 4488:E. aureus 4405:Euplectes 4363:F. omissa 4308:Q. quelea 4197:M. nitens 3949:P. manyar 3879:P. badius 3829:P. weynsi 3799:P. spekei 3759:P. ruweti 3639:P. bojeri 3539:P. batesi 3414:P. socius 3303:P. mahali 3169:Ploceidae 2726:Zoologica 2558:15 August 2509:205841906 2487:: 21–32. 2415:1 January 1889:216311213 1662:mealworms 1580:N'Djamena 1571:Lake Chad 1492:mongooses 1456:sunflower 1448:buckwheat 1358:Lake Chad 1303:Kgalagadi 1257:condition 1178:Euplectes 1059:warbling 818:Q. quelea 725:Phylogeny 677:ndzheyana 661:inyonyane 653:chimokoto 533:Karl Russ 334:Ploceidae 188:Species: 170:Ploceidae 126:Kingdom: 120:Eukaryota 4860:22719128 4821:11240909 4707:22719128 4702:BirdLife 4691:BioLib: 4636:Wikidata 4373:F. rubra 4329:Red fody 4114:Malimbus 3220:B. niger 2987:84053588 2751:: 1–25. 2699:. IUCN. 2610:12535086 2501:28012957 2463:16 April 2375:(2002). 2272:84764540 1971:(1758). 1909:"Quelea" 1824:(2016). 1799:Ethiopia 1696:fenthion 1575:Hadjerai 1464:feedlots 1436:Triticum 1382:such as 1350:Urochloa 1207:lathamii 1197:Breeding 1151:strategy 696:lathamii 649:Kwangali 566:lathamii 544:nominate 437:Emberiza 418:Linnaeus 389:avicides 359:. Three 345:Linnaeus 252:Synonyms 220:Linnaeus 166:Family: 140:Chordata 136:Phylum: 130:Animalia 116:Domain: 93:IUCN 3.1 4782:2493987 4743:rebque1 4717:rebque1 4679:Avibase 4642:Q367327 4468:E. orix 4418:E. afer 3426:Ploceus 3187:Species 3022:3808656 2967:Bibcode 2799:4082640 2779:The Auk 2618:1191425 2590:Bibcode 2317:Avibase 2252:Bibcode 2244:Ostrich 2198:1797576 1979:Holmiae 1793:female 1711:Gallery 1693:avicide 1643:on the 1488:galagos 1400:sorghum 1380:cereals 1338:Sorghum 1332:Setaria 1326:Panicum 1275:Feeding 1269:protein 1253:plumage 1172:Ploceus 1162:lowveld 1093:Réunion 986:coverts 922:Ploceus 772:Ploceus 679:in the 673:Sesotho 665:Siswati 645:enzunge 641:Swahili 613:synonym 432:bunting 424:of his 349:bunting 176:Genus: 156:Order: 146:Class: 91: ( 4973:Quelea 4886:187445 4847:562669 4764:EURING 4756:QUELQU 4320:Foudia 4275:Quelea 3164:Family 3067: 3020: 2985: 2828: 2797: 2703: 2616: 2608: 2533:15 May 2507: 2499: 2383: 2351: 2295: 2270: 2196: 2157:11 May 1894:11 May 1887: 1765:Uganda 1746:Uganda 1596:Musgum 1535:Etosha 1514:. The 1500:civets 1496:genets 1454:) and 1416:millet 1384:barley 1307:Etosha 1166:Acacia 895:Foudia 892:genus 803:Quelea 777:Quelea 762:Foudia 740:Quelea 685:qualea 629:quelea 510:Quelea 498:Angola 494:Brazil 434:genus 385:locust 357:Quelea 351:, but 243: 181:Quelea 4912:95306 4899:78067 4834:66441 4816:IRMNG 4808:14005 4769:20240 4738:eBird 4730:4R42L 4714:BOW: 4694:30724 3179:Genus 3040:(PDF) 3018:JSTOR 2983:S2CID 2936:(PDF) 2902:(PDF) 2795:JSTOR 2775:(PDF) 2680:(PDF) 2645:(PDF) 2614:S2CID 2578:(PDF) 2505:S2CID 2405:(PDF) 2322:5 May 2268:S2CID 2240:(PDF) 2194:JSTOR 2088:4 May 1950:4 May 1885:S2CID 1759:male 1740:male 1613:Guano 1518:is a 1432:wheat 1408:manna 1102:roost 1077:Sahel 1020:Sound 990:moult 962:lores 669:thaha 657:Shona 521:morph 471:cited 4881:NCBI 4855:IUCN 4842:ITIS 4777:GBIF 4751:EPPO 3065:ISBN 2872:Ibis 2826:ISBN 2745:Ibis 2701:ISBN 2606:PMID 2560:2017 2535:2017 2497:PMID 2465:2017 2417:2013 2381:ISBN 2349:ISBN 2324:2017 2293:ISBN 2159:2017 2114:Ibis 2090:2017 1952:2017 1896:2017 1840:2016 1629:and 1594:and 1592:Masa 1586:The 1555:and 1510:and 1440:oats 1424:rice 1392:teff 1347:and 1305:and 1083:and 981:down 971:iris 708:type 675:and 542:The 330:bird 278:The 224:1758 150:Aves 4868:NBN 4829:ISC 4790:IBC 4725:CoL 4666:ADW 4351:, ( 3010:doi 2975:doi 2880:doi 2876:107 2787:doi 2753:doi 2749:102 2598:doi 2489:doi 2485:109 2345:328 2260:doi 2186:doi 2122:doi 2118:108 2112:". 1877:doi 1844:doi 1533:in 1438:), 1430:), 1422:), 1414:), 1406:), 1398:), 1390:), 1366:), 1239:At 671:in 663:in 655:in 647:in 639:in 527:by 496:or 444:of 324:or 4944:: 4922:: 4909:: 4896:: 4883:: 4870:: 4857:: 4844:: 4831:: 4818:: 4805:: 4792:: 4779:: 4766:: 4753:: 4740:: 4727:: 4704:: 4681:: 4668:: 4653:: 4638:: 3166:: 3122:. 3016:. 3006:46 3004:. 2981:. 2973:. 2963:71 2961:. 2944:15 2942:. 2938:. 2910:41 2908:. 2904:. 2874:. 2858:^ 2834:. 2824:. 2822:96 2793:. 2783:79 2781:. 2777:. 2747:. 2728:. 2724:. 2653:^ 2626:^ 2612:. 2604:. 2596:. 2586:12 2584:. 2580:. 2551:. 2526:. 2503:. 2495:. 2483:. 2455:. 2433:. 2407:. 2371:; 2347:. 2315:. 2266:. 2258:. 2248:73 2246:. 2242:. 2206:^ 2192:. 2180:. 2176:. 2149:. 2134:^ 2116:. 2098:^ 2081:, 2077:. 2071:. 2009:^ 1960:^ 1943:. 1922:^ 1911:. 1883:. 1875:. 1871:. 1858:^ 1838:. 1832:. 1813:^ 1684:. 1647:. 1561:. 1506:, 1498:, 1494:, 1353:. 1341:, 1335:, 1329:, 1323:, 1104:. 1063:. 667:, 659:, 651:, 643:, 631:. 619:. 535:. 404:. 340:. 314:; 298:iː 222:, 4603:) 4599:( 4580:) 4576:( 4570:) 4566:( 4560:) 4556:( 4550:) 4546:( 4540:) 4536:( 4530:) 4526:( 4520:) 4516:( 4510:) 4506:( 4500:) 4496:( 4490:) 4486:( 4480:) 4476:( 4470:) 4460:) 4450:) 4446:( 4440:) 4436:( 4430:) 4426:( 4420:) 4416:( 4395:) 4391:( 4385:) 4381:( 4375:) 4371:( 4365:) 4361:( 4355:) 4345:) 4341:( 4335:) 4331:( 4310:) 4306:( 4300:) 4296:( 4290:) 4286:( 4265:) 4261:( 4242:) 4238:( 4219:) 4215:( 4209:) 4205:( 4199:) 4195:( 4189:) 4185:( 4179:) 4175:( 4169:) 4165:( 4159:) 4155:( 4149:) 4145:( 4139:) 4135:( 4129:) 4125:( 4104:) 4100:( 4081:) 4077:( 4071:) 4067:( 4061:) 4057:( 4051:) 4047:( 4041:) 4037:( 4031:) 4027:( 4021:) 4017:( 4011:) 4007:( 4001:) 3997:( 3991:) 3987:( 3981:) 3977:( 3971:) 3967:( 3961:) 3957:( 3951:) 3947:( 3941:) 3937:( 3931:) 3927:( 3921:) 3917:( 3911:) 3907:( 3901:) 3897:( 3891:) 3887:( 3881:) 3877:( 3871:) 3867:( 3861:) 3857:( 3851:) 3847:( 3841:) 3837:( 3831:) 3827:( 3821:) 3817:( 3811:) 3807:( 3801:) 3797:( 3791:) 3787:( 3781:) 3777:( 3771:) 3767:( 3761:) 3757:( 3751:) 3747:( 3741:) 3737:( 3731:) 3727:( 3721:) 3717:( 3711:) 3707:( 3701:) 3691:) 3687:( 3681:) 3677:( 3671:) 3667:( 3661:) 3657:( 3651:) 3647:( 3641:) 3637:( 3631:) 3627:( 3621:) 3617:( 3611:) 3607:( 3601:) 3597:( 3591:) 3587:( 3581:) 3577:( 3571:) 3567:( 3561:) 3557:( 3551:) 3547:( 3541:) 3537:( 3531:) 3527:( 3521:) 3517:( 3511:) 3507:( 3501:) 3497:( 3491:) 3487:( 3481:) 3477:( 3471:) 3467:( 3461:) 3457:( 3451:) 3447:( 3441:) 3437:( 3416:) 3412:( 3393:) 3389:( 3383:) 3379:( 3358:) 3354:( 3335:) 3331:( 3325:) 3321:( 3315:) 3311:( 3305:) 3301:( 3280:) 3276:( 3270:) 3266:( 3245:) 3241:( 3222:) 3218:( 3212:) 3208:( 3156:e 3149:t 3142:v 3128:. 3073:. 3046:. 3024:. 3012:: 2989:. 2977:: 2969:: 2912:. 2886:. 2882:: 2801:. 2789:: 2759:. 2755:: 2730:2 2709:. 2620:. 2600:: 2592:: 2562:. 2537:. 2511:. 2491:: 2467:. 2437:. 2419:. 2389:. 2357:. 2326:. 2301:. 2274:. 2262:: 2254:: 2200:. 2188:: 2182:6 2161:. 2128:. 2124:: 2092:. 1985:. 1954:. 1917:. 1898:. 1879:: 1852:. 1846:: 1830:" 1826:" 1599:( 1458:( 1450:( 1442:( 1434:( 1426:( 1418:( 1410:( 1402:( 1394:( 1386:( 1214:( 1185:( 1169:( 755:( 747:( 310:/ 307:ə 304:i 301:l 295:w 292:k 289:ˈ 286:/ 282:( 226:) 218:( 95:) 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index