89:
64:
384:
40:
365:
are strong, 6–11 mm (0.24–0.43 in) long and pilose. The flowers are unisexual; the male catkins are greenish-yellow forming spreading or pendulous clusters at the tips of the branches; the female flowers are
374:
or subcylindrical, usually tapering towards the base, 2–2.5 cm (0.79–0.98 in) long and 0.8–1.2 cm (0.31–0.47 in) wide, with a woody endocarp and cupule with strongly recurved scales.
1003:
482:. A preliminary study in 2011, reported over 80 mycorrhizal fungi to be associated with the golden oak; the total number, however, is estimated to be much higher.
1029:
677:
570:
1135:
951:
1160:
964:
342:
shrub or small tree up to 10 m (33 ft) high. Due to its short stature (in relation to other oaks) it is sometimes referred to as the
1145:
494:(9390)" is a priority habitat of Europe (directive 92/43/EEC). Large forest expanses of the species have been proposed for inclusion in the
445:
Golden oak offers soil stabilisation against erosion due to its ability to colonize stony and rocky slopes. In its distribution area,
1155:
781:
660:
635:
1150:
68:
431:
geological substrate at altitudes of 400 to 1,800 m (1,300 to 5,900 ft). It occupies dry habitats in association with
990:
88:
771:
625:
705:
286:
811:
Loizides, M. (2011). Quercus alnifolia: The indigenous golden oak of Cyprus and its fungi. Field
Mycology 12 (3): 81–88.
20:
1081:
1034:
575:
353:
are simple, obovate to suborbicular, 1.5–8 cm (0.59–3.15 in) long, 1–7 cm (0.39–2.76 in) wide,
825:
826:"Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora"
490:
Golden oak is protected by the forest law of Cyprus, while the habitat type "Scrub and low forest vegetation of
1086:
463:
in mesic habitats, considerably modify the humidity conditions of the site and form forest soils with "mull"
904:
852:
890:
354:
237:
969:
322:
belongs to the endemic flora of the island and it is confined to the igneous geological complex of the
925:
327:
194:
812:
539:
53:
598:
1107:
738:
585:
402:
261:
253:
210:
83:
1008:
797:
Barbéro, M.; Quézel P. (1979). "Contribution à l' étude des groupements forestiers de Chypre".
1055:
912:
777:
656:
631:
409:
388:
323:
1140:
1060:
1021:
728:
534:
449:
is the most important broadleaved species forming pure or mixed stands, within the conifer (
362:
290:
1042:
126:
408:, as with much of the mediterranean evergreen oak species. Occasional hybridization with
1073:
1068:
676:
Denk, Thomas; Grimm, Guido W.; Manos, Paul S.; Deng, Min & Hipp, Andrew L. (2017).
579:
561:
475:
113:
1129:
1016:
525:
516:
318:. Its common English name refers to the golden coloured lower surface of its leaves.
73:
742:
1112:
917:
433:
367:
977:
884:
746:
603:
495:
455:
875:
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or forms dense maquis in mesic habitats, characterized by deep forest soils.
938:
358:
339:
1099:
1047:
1094:
869:
733:
172:
139:
383:
956:
428:
371:
162:
39:
982:
899:
350:
315:
152:
846:
995:
943:
678:"Appendix 2.1: An updated infrageneric classification of the oaks"
479:
464:
382:
100:
370:, solitary or in groups of two to three. The acorns are narrowly
930:
850:
311:
182:
357:
and shining dark green above and densely golden or brownish
773:
330:
selected the golden oak to be the country's national tree.
706:"Morphological differentiation and hybridization between
467:
favouring the existence of sciophilous herbal species.
361:
below, with serrate margins and raised nervation. The
704:
Neophytou, Ch.; Palli G.; Aravanopoulos F.A. (2007).
627:
Archaeologies of
Landscape: Contemporary Perspectives
859:
655:. London: Bentham Moxon Trust. pp. 1481–1482.
427:is restricted to Troodos Massif, where it grows on
387:A golden oak shrub in a pine stand near Karvounas,
19:"Golden oak" redirects here. For other uses, see
459:) dominated forests of Cyprus. Thick stands of
584:Note that this website has been superseded by
540:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T194053A2295358.en
624:Ashmore, Wendy; Arthur Bernard Knapp (1999).
8:
847:
571:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
498:ecological network of the European Union.
62:
38:
27:
732:
538:
507:
470:Like other members of the oak genus,
7:
526:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
597:Leonidou, Leo (February 3, 2006).
338:The golden oak is a much branched
14:
1136:IUCN Red List endangered species
1087:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295768-1
832:. European Union law. 1992-07-22
813:doi:10.1016/j.fldmyc.2011.06.004
776:. CABI Publishing. p. 217.
87:
515:Gorener, V.; Beech, E. (2017).
1161:Trees of Mediterranean climate
1:
1146:Cyprus Mediterranean forests
799:Documents Phytosociologiques
474:forms mutually beneficial,
21:Golden oak (disambiguation)
1177:
630:. Blackwell. p. 237.
576:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
478:associations with various
18:
267:
260:
243:
236:
84:Scientific classification
82:
60:
51:
46:
37:
30:
1156:Plants described in 1842
770:Merlo, Maurizio (2005).
714:L. (Fagaceae) in Cyprus"
420:Distribution and habitat
326:. In February 2006, the
306:, commonly known as the
1151:Endemic flora of Cyprus
416:) has been described.
391:
651:Meikle, R.D. (1985).
599:"A flower for Cyprus"
533:: e.T194053A2295358.
386:
734:10.1515/sg-2007-0038
397:belongs to subgenus
328:parliament of Cyprus
54:Conservation status
16:Species of oak tree
586:World Flora Online
392:
310:, is an evergreen
278:Hadjik. & Hand
47:A golden oak tree
1123:
1122:
1056:Open Tree of Life
905:quercus-alnifolia
891:Quercus alnifolia
861:Quercus alnifolia
853:Taxon identifiers
712:Quercus coccifera
708:Quercus alnifolia
564:Quercus alnifolia
519:Quercus alnifolia
492:Quercus alnifolia
472:Q. alnifolia
461:Q. alnifolia
447:Q. alnifolia
425:Quercus alnifolia
414:Quercus coccifera
395:Quercus alnifolia
389:Troodos Mountains
324:Troodos Mountains
320:Quercus alnifolia
303:Quercus alnifolia
299:
298:
293:
279:
271:Quercus alnifolia
247:Quercus alnifolia
229:Q. alnifolia
77:
32:Quercus alnifolia
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745:. Archived from
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1043:Observation.org
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749:
721:Silvae Genetica
716:
703:
702:
698:
689:
687:
680:
675:
674:
670:
663:
653:Flora of Cyprus
650:
649:
645:
638:
623:
622:
618:
609:
607:
596:
595:
591:
560:
559:
555:
545:
543:
514:
513:
509:
504:
488:
476:ectomycorrhizal
443:
422:
381:
336:
256:
251:
245:
232:
213:
197:
86:
78:
67:
63:
56:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1174:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1113:wfo-0000289506
1104:
1091:
1078:
1065:
1052:
1039:
1026:
1013:
1000:
987:
974:
961:
948:
935:
922:
909:
896:
881:
865:
863:
857:
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851:
843:
842:
817:
804:
789:
782:
762:
727:(6): 271–277.
696:
668:
661:
643:
636:
616:
589:
580:The Plant List
553:
506:
505:
503:
500:
487:
484:
442:
439:
421:
418:
380:
377:
335:
332:
297:
296:
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283:Quercus cypria
280:
265:
264:
258:
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61:
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15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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793:
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785:
783:0-85199-480-6
779:
775:
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766:
763:
752:on 2011-07-18
748:
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679:
672:
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662:0-9504876-3-5
658:
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637:0-631-21106-3
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238:Binomial name
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114:Tracheophytes
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95:
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85:
81:
75:
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59:
55:
50:
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36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
860:
834:. Retrieved
829:
820:
807:
798:
792:
772:
765:
754:. Retrieved
747:the original
724:
720:
711:
707:
699:
688:. Retrieved
684:
671:
652:
646:
626:
619:
608:. Retrieved
602:
592:
578:– via
569:
563:
556:
546:14 September
544:. Retrieved
530:
524:
518:
510:
491:
489:
486:Conservation
471:
469:
460:
454:
451:Pinus brutia
450:
446:
444:
434:Pinus brutia
432:
424:
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404:
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183:
146:
133:
120:
107:
31:
25:
978:iNaturalist
885:Wikispecies
801:(IV): 9–34.
604:Cyprus Mail
496:Natura 2000
456:Pinus nigra
334:Description
314:species of
127:Angiosperms
1130:Categories
1074:kew-171545
1069:Plant List
836:2008-01-01
756:2008-03-01
710:Poech and
690:2023-02-18
610:2007-12-30
502:References
410:kermes oak
308:golden oak
191:Subgenus:
69:Endangered
359:tomentose
344:dwarf oak
340:evergreen
223:Species:
207:Section:
97:Kingdom:
1100:50275868
1095:Tropicos
1009:10929820
996:295768-1
876:Q1193791
870:Wikidata
743:91154432
685:figshare
403:section
379:Taxonomy
368:axillary
363:petioles
355:glabrous
275:argentea
262:Synonyms
212:Quercus
196:Quercus
173:Fagaceae
169:Family:
140:Eudicots
74:IUCN 3.1
1141:Quercus
957:2880756
931:1151796
830:EUR-Lex
441:Ecology
429:igneous
372:obovate
184:Quercus
179:Genus:
163:Fagales
159:Order:
101:Plantae
72: (
1061:863383
1048:186952
1035:568697
1022:194053
983:522151
900:ARKive
780:
741:
659:
634:
566:Poech"
399:Cerris
351:leaves
316:Cyprus
289:&
200:Cerris
153:Rosids
1004:IRMNG
970:30639
944:QUEAN
918:4R48F
750:(PDF)
739:S2CID
717:(PDF)
681:(xls)
480:fungi
465:humus
291:Spach
287:Jaub.
273:var.
254:Poech
214:sect.
198:subg.
147:Clade
134:Clade
121:Clade
108:Clade
1082:POWO
1030:NCBI
1017:IUCN
991:IPNI
965:GRIN
952:GBIF
939:EPPO
778:ISBN
657:ISBN
632:ISBN
548:2024
531:2017
405:Ilex
349:Its
216:Ilex
1108:WFO
926:EoL
913:CoL
729:doi
535:doi
312:oak
1132::
1110::
1097::
1084::
1071::
1058::
1045::
1032::
1019::
1006::
993::
980::
967::
954::
941::
928::
915::
902::
887::
872::
828:.
737:.
725:56
723:.
719:.
683:.
601:.
574:.
568:.
529:.
523:.
453:,
401:,
346:.
149::
136::
123::
110::
839:.
815:.
786:.
759:.
731::
693:.
665:.
640:.
613:.
582:.
562:"
550:.
537::
521:"
517:"
412:(
76:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
