713:. Occasionally the swamp white oak is abundant in small areas. It is found within a very wide range of mean annual temperatures from 16 to 4 °C (61 to 39 °F). Extremes in temperature vary from 41 to −34 °C (106 to −29 °F). Average annual precipitation is from 640 to 1,270 millimetres (25 to 50 in). The frost-free period ranges from 210 days in the southern part of the growing area to 120 days in the northern part. The swamp white oak typically grows on hydromorphic soils. It is not found where flooding is permanent, although it is usually found in broad stream valleys, low-lying fields, and the margins of lakes, ponds, or sloughs. It occupies roughly the same ecological niche as
615: in) broad, maturing about six months after pollination. Good crops of swamp white oak occur every 3 to 5 years, with light crops during intervening years. The minimum seed-bearing age is 20 years, optimum age is 75 to 200 years, and maximum age is usually 300 years. Because the seed of swamp white oak is not dormant, it germinates soon after falling. Seed collections should be made soon after ripening in order to delay early germination. These acorns are difficult to store without germination or loss of viability occurring. Sound acorns have a germinative capacity between 78 and 98 percent. Gravity, rodents, and water are the primary dispersing agents (4,10).
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Being in the white oak group, wildlife such as deer, bears, turkeys, ducks, and geese as well as other animals are attracted to this tree when acorns are dropping in the fall.
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564:. In autumn, they turn brown, yellow-brown, or sometimes reddish, but generally, the color is not as reliable or as brilliant as the white oak can be. The
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556: in) broad, always more or less glaucous on the underside, and are shallowly lobed with five to seven lobes on each side, intermediate between the
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grows rapidly and can reach 18 to 24 meters (60 to 80 feet) tall with the tallest known reaching 29 m (95 ft) and lives up to 285 years. The
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1303:
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1041:
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842:
Muhlenberg, Heinrich Ernst (1801). "Kurze
Bemerkungen über die in der Gegend von Lancaster in Nordamerika wachsenden Arten der Gattungen
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739:
due to its relative ease of transplanting. This is the species that was chosen to be planted around the 911 Memorial Site in
Manhattan.
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483:. It is a common element of America's north central and northeastern mixed forests. It can survive in a variety of habitats. It forms
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Swamp white oak, a lowland tree, occurs across the eastern and central United States and eastern and central Canada, from
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and is not differentiated from it in the lumber trade. In recent years, the swamp white oak has become a popular
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854:" [Short remarks on the plants growing in the region of Lancaster in North America from the genera
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photo of herbarium specimen at
Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Missouri in 1934
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981:. Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
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The swamp white oak generally occurs singly in four different forest types:
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County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
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686:. This species is most common and reaches its largest size in western
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Der
Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, Neue Schriften
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595: in), rarely 2.5 cm (1 in), long and 1–2 cm (
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479:, is a North American species of medium-sized trees in the
975:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1022:. In Burns, Russell M.; Honkala, Barbara H. (eds.).
1113:
799:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T194069A111189345.en
1074:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
725:It is one of the more important white oaks for
940:Note that this website has been superseded by
8:
978:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
774:Kenny, L.; Wenzell, K.; Jerome, D. (2017).
729:production. The wood is similar to that of
1101:
927:World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
752:Quercus robur fastigiata x Quercus bicolor
618:Swamp white oak may live up to 300 years.
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78:
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20:
874:. With remarks by Carl Ludwig Willdenow:
797:
1042:United States Department of Agriculture
766:
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491:where they occur together in the wild.
302:
1052:– via Southern Research Station.
954:"Eastern OLDLIST of maximum tree ages"
506:resembles that of the white oak. The
434:Muhl. ex A.DC., not validly published
7:
1381:0583d75c-c289-46e4-9022-cb155cdca89c
442:Bosc ex A.DC., not validly published
1566:Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Willdenow
1531:IUCN Red List least concern species
785:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
678:with a few isolated populations in
1556:Trees of humid continental climate
1551:Trees of the Eastern United States
528:–7 inches) long and 7–11 cm (
14:
1091:images from Vanderbilt University
1446:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:295855-1
699:black ash–American elm–red maple
638:
626:
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1:
1038:United States Forest Service
987:Harvard University Herbaria
1582:
1536:NatureServe secure species
932:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1546:Trees of Northern America
983:Missouri Botanical Garden
904:Missouri Botanical Garden
756:Kindred Spirit hybrid oak
703:silver maple–American elm
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98:Scientific classification
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1561:Plants described in 1801
1030:Silvics of North America
967:Nixon, Kevin C. (1997).
754:, named 'Nadler' or the
654:Distribution and habitat
1014:Rogers, Robert (1990).
792:: e.T194069A111189345.
985:, St. Louis, MO &
821:"NatureServe Explorer"
514:, 12–18 centimetres (
368:Petz. & G.Kirchn.
840:First described in
448:Quercus platanoides
374:Quercus platanoides
48:Conservation status
16:Species of oak tree
942:World Flora Online
431:Quercus filiformis
378:(Castigl) Sudworth
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1389:Open Tree of Life
1107:Taxon identifiers
1001:"Swamp White Oak"
666:, west as far as
575:, 1.5–2 cm (
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711:pin oak–sweetgum
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364:Quercus paludosa
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348:(Willd.) Hampton
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39:Morton Arboretum
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1115:Quercus bicolor
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1089:Quercus bicolor
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1066:Quercus bicolor
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1032:. Vol. 2.
1018:Quercus bicolor
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971:Quercus bicolor
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500:Quercus bicolor
497:
477:swamp white oak
472:Quercus bicolor
464:
460:L'Hér. ex A.DC.
439:Quercus pannosa
336:(Castigl.) A.DC
329:Quercus bicolor
317:Quercus bicolor
305:Quercus bicolor
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261:Quercus bicolor
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243:Q. bicolor
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407:Quercus prinus
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395:Quercus prinus
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390:(Willd.) Spach
383:Quercus prinus
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354:Quercus mollis
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41:acc. 71-69-2
40:
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27:
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1046:. Retrieved
1029:
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934:– via
925:
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803:. Retrieved
789:
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769:
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749:
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730:
724:
696:
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617:
558:chestnut oak
499:
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481:beech family
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456:
452:(Lam.) Sudw.
446:
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309:angustifolia
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18:
1353:NatureServe
1265:iNaturalist
1139:Wikispecies
1048:14 December
805:18 November
495:Description
411:platanoides
333:platanoides
321:cuneiformis
141:Angiosperms
88:NatureServe
1525:Categories
1489:WisFlora:
1420:kew-171779
1415:Plant List
762:References
758:, exists.
510:are broad
205:Subgenus:
1231:233501012
1025:Hardwoods
750:A mix of
746:Cultivars
676:Tennessee
672:Minnesota
570:peduncled
562:white oak
423:tomentosa
237:Species:
221:Section:
111:Kingdom:
1479:VASCAN:
1472:13100038
1467:Tropicos
1358:2.145299
1296:10247860
1283:295855-1
1124:Wikidata
1040:(USFS),
899:Tropicos
860:Fraxinus
848:Fraxinus
688:New York
680:Nebraska
560:and the
414:Castigl.
399:discolor
290:Synonyms
226:Quercus
210:Quercus
187:Fagaceae
183:Family:
154:Eudicots
68:IUCN 3.1
1541:Quercus
1394:1062902
1340:MoBotPF
1244:2878470
1195:1151615
1177:Ecocrop
1130:Q142792
866:].
864:Quercus
856:Juglans
852:Quercus
844:Juglans
732:Q. alba
715:pin oak
707:bur oak
684:Alabama
668:Ontario
610:⁄
600:⁄
590:⁄
580:⁄
551:⁄
537:⁄
523:⁄
489:bur oak
485:hybrids
402:F.Michx
387:bicolor
345:bicolor
230:Quercus
214:Quercus
198:Quercus
193:Genus:
177:Fagales
173:Order:
115:Plantae
86: (
84:Secure
66: (
1428:PLANTS
1378:NZOR:
1371:889476
1345:280712
1322:194069
1257:400308
1218:quebic
1215:FEIS:
1044:(USDA)
862:, and
826:27 May
727:lumber
709:, and
674:, and
633:Leaves
508:leaves
475:, the
426:Michx.
324:Dippel
312:Dippel
268:Willd.
167:Rosids
1459:14243
1309:19300
1291:IRMNG
1270:54780
1208:QUEBI
1169:793QP
1153:APA:
660:Maine
573:acorn
568:is a
566:fruit
512:ovoid
487:with
421:var.
409:var.
397:var.
385:var.
343:var.
331:var.
319:var.
307:var.
228:sect.
212:subg.
161:Clade
148:Clade
135:Clade
122:Clade
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1482:5960
1441:POWO
1433:QUBI
1402:PfaF
1366:NCBI
1332:1374
1317:IUCN
1304:ITIS
1278:IPNI
1252:GRIN
1239:GBIF
1203:EPPO
1182:9098
1156:5592
1050:2009
850:und
828:2021
807:2021
790:2017
721:Uses
692:Ohio
682:and
645:Bark
504:bark
358:Raf.
299:List
1500:WFO
1454:RHS
1226:FNA
1190:EoL
1164:CoL
876:396
794:doi
662:to
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542:–
539:4
535:3
532:+
530:2
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521:3
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70:)
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