269:
95:
50:
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72:
753:
31:
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The species flourishes in full sun on hillsides with thin, rocky, alkaline soil where competition from other plant species is limited. It also does well in richer soils, but in those areas it is forced to compete for growing room. It is well-adapted to locations where wet springs and hot, dry summers
778: ft) tall are common in marginal areas where heavy browsing occurs. The largest trees are found along streams in the southern part of its range, and can reach up to 100 feet tall. The champion tree is in Arizona at 35 m (114 ft) tall.
763:
trees differ in size from one location to another. The average mature height is from 3–9 metres (10–30 feet), but occasionally reaches heights of 18 m (59 ft) in some locations. Dwarf stands of plants under 1 m
877:); they mature in September, turning from green to golden brown. The plant reproduces from acorns, but also spreads from root sprouts that grow from vast underground structures called
952:
The tree typically grows at altitudes of 1,000–3,000 m (3,300–9,800 ft) above sea level where precipitation averages between 30–60 cm (12–24 in) per year.
1818:
781:
Although the wood is hard and dense, its branches are irregular and crooked, making them flexible enough to bend without breaking when covered with heavy snow. The
1823:
1657:
1763:
834: in) broad, deeply lobed on each side of the central vein; the upper surface is glossy dark green, the undersurface is paler and velvety. Trees are
1447:
photo of herbarium specimen at
Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in the Mexican State of Nuevo México (present-day US State of New Mexico) in 1847
1566:
1618:
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1813:
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1441:
1808:
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94:
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79:
1255:
881:. These reproductive characteristics often result in dense groves or thickets of trees that can cover entire mountainsides.
1623:
1042:
1798:
1053:
Historically, acorns from Gambel oak provided a reliable source of food for Native
Americans. If bitter, tannins can be
1210:
1793:
1722:
1662:
1161:
1156:
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1788:
1206:
1033:. The sweetish acorns are frequently gathered by squirrels and stored for winter food. Acorns are also eaten by
1727:
999:
1332:
1828:
838:
and the leaves frequently turn orange and yellow during autumn, creating mountainsides of vivid colors. The
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243:
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39:
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1355:
1251:
987:
898:
1041:, and domestic animals such as hogs. Some insects depend on the Gambel oak: for example, the
1773:
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1345:
1311:
1093:
968:
132:
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991:
983:
733:
259:
119:
1757:
1631:
1205:. Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
1084:
1075:
782:
707:
59:
54:
1200:
1025:
Where abundant, Gambel oak is an important food source for browsing animals such as
1740:
1509:
1034:
995:
964:
893:
is centered in the western United States and northwestern Mexico in the states of
1644:
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744:
730:
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1147:
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906:
878:
752:
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1030:
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835:
695:
1392:
Edible Wild Plants: A North
American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
1390:
30:
1474:
938:
930:
902:
873: in) long and about one-third to one-half enclosed by a cap or cup (
178:
145:
1320:
County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
1571:
1248:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region
922:
894:
843:
168:
1597:
1446:
1007:
918:
910:
839:
789:
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967:, Gambel oak quickly re-establishes from root sprouts. The plant is
706:
that is widespread in the foothills and lower mountains of western
1610:
1535:
946:
926:
850:
751:
743:
703:
106:
1522:
1026:
1011:
914:
699:
1455:
188:
1300:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
1199:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1464:
1347:
Western
Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides)
1227:Flora of North America: Distribution range map for
1333:SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter
1250:(Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 399.
725:The common and scientific names, Gambel oak and
1322:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
545:confusa (Wooton & Standl.) A.Camus (1935)
1099:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T194132A2302147.en
1389:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
1375:BRIT - Native American Ethnobotany Database:
8:
1202:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1045:uses it as a food source for caterpillars.
1452:
956:create conditions conducive to wildfires.
267:
70:
48:
29:
20:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1222:
1220:
1097:
1066:
998:. Associated birds and mammals include
297:
1819:Plants used in Native American cuisine
1298:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
597:(Torr. & A.Gray) Engelm. (1876)
299:
7:
1824:Flora of the Sierra Madre Occidental
1764:IUCN Red List least concern species
1085:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
393:(Torr. & A.Gray) Wenz. (1884)
1442:University of California, Berkeley
974:Associated plant species include:
792:are generally 7–12 centimetres (3–
14:
1728:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:296173-1
729:, were named after the American
93:
1272:"Gambel Oak (Quercus gambelii)"
710:. It is also regionally called
806:inches) long and 4–6 cm (
1:
1043:Colorado hairstreak butterfly
473:Wooton & Standl. (1913)
325:Wooton & Standl. (1913)
1814:Taxa named by Thomas Nuttall
1784:Flora of the Rocky Mountains
842:are inconspicuous unisexual
785:is rough and brownish-gray.
756:Bark on a mature Gambel oak.
1350:. New York: Knopf. p.
1246:Little, Elbert L. (1994) .
1211:Harvard University Herbaria
309:Torr. & A.Gray (1857)
1845:
1769:NatureServe secure species
1162:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1157:Plants of the World Online
846:that occur in the spring.
609:obtusifolia A.DC. (1864)
1779:Trees of Northern America
1344:Whitney, Stephen (1985).
1207:Missouri Botanical Garden
290:
283:
275:
266:
249:
242:
90:Scientific classification
88:
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1809:Plants described in 1848
1191:Nixon, Kevin C. (1997).
885:Distribution and habitat
653:(Rydb.) A.Camus (1935)
585:(Nutt.) Engelm. (1876)
513:(Rydb.) A.Camus (1935)
441:(Rydb.) A.Camus (1935)
429:(Rydb.) A.Camus (1935)
417:(A.DC.) Garrett (1917)
405:(A.DC.) Garrett (1917)
917:. It also extends into
853:are 10–20 millimetres (
690:, with the common name
1209:, St. Louis, MO &
757:
749:
665:(Rydb.) Sarg. (1918)
617:(A.DC.) Rydb. (1901)
570:Quercus subobtusifolia
489:(A.DC.) Rydb. (1901)
337:(Nutt.) A.DC. (1864)
1399:. pp. 228, 231.
1128:. Arlington, Virginia
1092:: e.T194132A2302147.
1000:Woodhouse's scrub jay
889:The natural range of
755:
747:
542: pauciloba subsp.
518:Quercus novomexicana
506:Quercus novomexicana
494:Quercus novomexicana
1274:. 15 September 2016.
1120:NatureServe (2024).
1074:Beckman, E. (2016).
980:arrowleaf balsamroot
486:Quercus novomexicana
1799:Flora of New Mexico
1004:black-billed magpie
736:(1821–1849).
530:Quercus obtusifolia
454:Quercus leptophylla
354:Quercus eastwoodiae
40:Conservation status
16:Species of oak tree
945:region of western
935:Oklahoma Panhandle
758:
750:
748:Gambel oak leaves.
670:Quercus vreelandii
658:Quercus utahensis
646:Quercus utahensis
634:Quercus utahensis
622:Quercus utahensis
606: undulata var.
465:C.H.Mull. (1937)
446:Quercus gunnisonii
369:S.L.Welsh (1986)
342:Quercus douglasii
330:Quercus douglasii
317:C.H.Mull. (1942)
1794:Flora of Colorado
1751:
1750:
1671:Open Tree of Life
1458:Taxon identifiers
1406:978-1-4027-6715-9
1057:from the acorns.
988:mountain mahogany
683:
682:
674:
666:
654:
642:
630:
618:
614:Quercus utahensis
610:
598:
590:Quercus undulata
586:
578:Quercus undulata
574:
566:
562:Quercus submollis
558:
550:Quercus stellata
546:
534:
526:
514:
502:
490:
482:
478:Quercus nitescens
474:
466:
458:
450:
442:
434:Quercus gambelii
430:
422:Quercus gambelii
418:
410:Quercus gambelii
406:
398:Quercus gambelii
394:
386:Quercus gambelii
382:
374:Quercus gambelii
370:
362:Quercus gambelii
358:
350:
338:
326:
318:
314:Quercus albifolia
310:
276:Natural range of
83:
63:
1836:
1789:Flora of Arizona
1744:
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1689:Quercus gambelii
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1496:Quercus gambelii
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1466:Quercus gambelii
1453:
1440:photo database,
1433:Quercus gambelii
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1377:Quercus gambelii
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1292:Quercus gambelii
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1229:Quercus gambelii
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1213:, Cambridge, MA.
1195:Quercus gambelii
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1150:Quercus gambelii
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1124:Quercus gambelii
1117:
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1078:Quercus gambelii
1071:
969:drought tolerant
891:Quercus gambelii
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761:Quercus gambelii
727:Quercus gambelii
687:Quercus gambelii
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629:A.Camus publ.
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235:Q. gambelii
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462:Quercus marshii
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322:Quercus confusa
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984:bigtooth maple
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1123:
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1103:. Retrieved
1089:
1083:
1077:
1069:
1052:
1035:wild turkeys
1024:
996:serviceberry
973:
965:After a fire
963:
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18:
1645:NatureServe
1593:iNaturalist
1490:Wikispecies
1105:12 November
1039:black bears
976:chokecherry
943:Trans-Pecos
879:lignotubers
740:Description
626:euutahensis
133:Angiosperms
80:NatureServe
24:Gambel oak
1758:Categories
1702:kew-172843
1697:Plant List
1286:USDA, NRCS
1257:0394507614
1061:References
907:New Mexico
731:naturalist
692:Gambel oak
594:gunnisonii
438:vreelandii
426:vreelandii
390:gunnisonii
378:eugambelii
306:gunnisonii
197:Subgenus:
1559:233501032
1438:CalPhotos
1415:244766414
1167:31 August
1132:31 August
1031:livestock
1020:squirrels
1016:chipmunks
899:Chihuahua
836:deciduous
720:white oak
716:oak brush
712:scrub oak
702:or large
696:deciduous
662:submollis
650:submollis
554:utahensis
510:nitescens
498:andrewsii
414:utahensis
229:Species:
213:Section:
103:Kingdom:
1650:2.145669
1611:296173-1
1481:Q2266358
1475:Wikidata
1397:Sterling
1288:(n.d.).
939:Coahuila
931:Nebraska
903:Colorado
602:Quercus
582:gambelii
538:Quercus
334:gambelii
285:Synonyms
218:Quercus
202:Quercus
179:Fagaceae
175:Family:
146:Eudicots
60:IUCN 3.1
1774:Quercus
1572:2878268
1523:1151594
1436:in the
1055:leached
960:Ecology
923:Wyoming
895:Arizona
868:⁄
858:⁄
844:catkins
840:flowers
829:⁄
815:⁄
801:⁄
773:⁄
694:, is a
222:Quercus
206:Quercus
190:Quercus
185:Genus:
169:Fagales
165:Order:
107:Plantae
78: (
76:Secure
58: (
1710:PLANTS
1676:926290
1663:168163
1637:194132
1598:116377
1546:quegam
1543:FEIS:
1413:
1403:
1358:
1254:
1008:grouse
994:, and
933:, the
919:Nevada
913:, and
911:Sonora
875:cupule
851:acorns
790:leaves
718:, and
698:small
648:subsp.
638:mollis
624:subsp.
522:typica
436:subsp.
376:subsp.
366:bonina
159:Rosids
1624:19337
1585:30678
1536:QUEGA
1510:4R4Z8
1152:Nutt"
947:Texas
927:Idaho
704:shrub
260:Nutt.
220:sect.
204:subg.
153:Clade
140:Clade
127:Clade
114:Clade
1723:POWO
1715:QUGA
1684:PfaF
1658:NCBI
1632:IUCN
1619:ITIS
1606:IPNI
1580:GRIN
1567:GBIF
1531:EPPO
1411:OCLC
1401:ISBN
1356:ISBN
1252:ISBN
1169:2024
1134:2024
1107:2021
1090:2016
1049:Uses
1029:and
1027:deer
1018:and
1012:deer
915:Utah
849:The
788:The
783:bark
700:tree
660:var.
636:var.
592:var.
580:var.
552:var.
520:var.
508:var.
496:var.
424:var.
412:var.
400:var.
388:var.
364:var.
344:var.
332:var.
304:var.
294:List
1736:WFO
1554:FNA
1518:EoL
1505:CoL
1352:431
1094:doi
1760::
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1492::
1477::
1409:.
1354:.
1318:.
1296:.
1236:^
1219:^
1177:^
1160:.
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866:3
863:–
860:8
856:3
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822:2
820:–
817:2
813:1
810:+
808:1
803:2
799:1
796:+
794:4
775:4
771:1
768:+
766:3
764:(
604:×
540:×
82:)
62:)
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