2839:) located to the east of the temple. They were in charge of tending to the temple and cemetery. In particular, they were in charge of conducting elaborate religious ceremonies on occasions such as plantings, harvests, honoring the dead, and birthdays. The Kong family was in control of the largest private rural estate in China. The first mansion was built in 1038 during the Song dynasty and was originally connected directly to the temple. During a rebuilding in 1377 directed by the first Ming dynasty emperor, it was moved a short distance away from the temple. In 1503, it was expanded into three rows of buildings with 560 rooms and—like the Confucius Temple—9 courtyards. The mansion underwent a complete renovation in 1838 only to perish in a fire 47 years later in 1887. It was rebuilt two years later; the cost of both 19th-century renovations was covered by the Emperor. Today, the mansion comprises 152 buildings with 480 rooms, which cover an area of 12,470 square metres (134,200 sq ft). Its tallest structure is the four-story refuge tower (
3064:
3080:
4907:
3243:
3048:
3166:
3104:
3178:
2588:. Shortly thereafter, in 1331, the temple was framed in an enclosure wall modelled on the Imperial palace. After another devastation by fire in 1499, the temple was finally restored to its present scale. In 1724, yet another fire destroyed the main hall and the sculptures it contained. The subsequent restoration was completed in 1730. Many of the replacement sculptures were again destroyed during the Cultural Revolution in 1966. In total, the Temple of Confucius has undergone 15 major renovations, 31 large repairs, and numerous small building measures.
2774:, the Kong family cemetery was branded a "reactionary" site and was subject to vandalism and desecration. The tombs of Confucius and his descendants were dug up, looted and flattened. Confucius statue was pulled down and paraded through the streets. According to statistics published after the Cultural Revolution, 100,000 volumes of classical texts were burned, 6,618 cultural artefacts were destroyed or damaged, one thousand stelae were smashed, 5,000 ancient pines were felled and over 2,000 graves were dug up during the period. The corpse of the 76th
3119:
3036:
3149:
75:
3134:
1447:, there were two Duke Yanshengs, one in the north in Qufu and the other in the south at Quzhou. An invitation to come back to Qufu was extended to the southern Duke Yansheng Kong Zhu by the Yuan dynasty emperor Kublai Khan. The title was taken away from the southern branch after Kong Zhu rejected the invitation, so the northern branch of the family kept the title of Duke Yansheng. The southern branch still remained in Quzhou where they lived to this day. Confucius's descendants in Quzhou alone number 30,000. The
3004:
3195:
312:
108:
1229:
2599:, the architecture of the Temple of Confucius resembles that of the Forbidden City in many ways. The main part of the temple consists of 9 courtyards arranged on a central axis, which is oriented in the north–south direction and is 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) in length. The first three courtyards have small gates and are planted with tall pine trees, they serve an introductory function. The first (southernmost) gate is named "Lingxing Gate" after a star in the
3219:
3207:
4713:
2992:
3265:
3231:
2690:
during visits by the emperor in order not to arouse his envy. Dacheng Hall served as the principal place for offering sacrifices to the memory of
Confucius. In the center of the courtyard in front of Dacheng Hall stands the "Apricot Platform", which commemorates Confucius teaching his students under an apricot tree. Each year at Qufu and at many other Confucian temples a ceremony is held on September 28 to commemorate
2556:
3024:
2813:
46:
58:
2703:
115:
82:
2885:
Qufu's economy consists of a number different industries. Agriculture, specifically grain production, is a major industry for the city. The other main industries are food processing, textile, construction materials, chemical, coal mining, pharmacy, paper making and industrial machinery. Qufu has also
2540:
began construction in the first half of 2017, however construction was halted. A 6.3 km (3.9 mi) section was due to be completed in
January 2018 to allow for testing to commence. The complete line was originally due to open in 2018. As of July 2021 the local government hopes to complete the
2876:
The layout of the mansion is traditionally
Chinese, it separates official rooms in the front from the residential quarters in the rear. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of the buildings according to the seniority, gender, and status of their inhabitants reflects the Confucian principle of order
2603:
constellation, the name suggests that
Confucius is a star from heaven. The buildings in the remaining courtyards form the heart of the complex. They are impressive structures with yellow roof-tiles (otherwise reserved for the emperor) and red-painted walls, they are surrounded by dark-green pine
2689:
It is supported by 28 richly decorated pillars, each 6 m (20 ft) high and 0.8 m (2 ft 7 in) in diameter and carved in one piece out of local rock. The ten columns on the front side of the hall are decorated with coiled dragons. It is said that these columns were covered
2575:
was the first emperor to offer sacrifices to the memory of
Confucius in Qufu. He set an example for many emperors and high officials to follow. Later, emperors would visit Qufu after their enthronement or on important occasions such as a successful war. In total, 12 different emperors paid 20
2762:
In 1331 construction work began on the wall and gate of the cemetery. In total, the cemetery has undergone 13 renovations and extensions. Eventually, by the late 18th century, the perimeter wall reached a length of 7.5 km (4.7 mi), enclosing an area of 3.6 square kilometres
2742:
Since
Confucius' descendants were conferred noble titles and were given imperial princesses as wives, many of the tombs in the cemetery show the status symbols of noblemen. Tombstones came in use during the Han dynasty, today, there are about 3,600 tombstones dating from the
2576:
personal visits to Qufu to worship
Confucius. About 100 others sent their deputies for 196 official visits. The original three-room house of Confucius was removed from the temple complex during a rebuilding undertaken in 611 AD. In 1012 and in 1094, during the
4464:
3063:
3079:
2781:
More than 10,000 mature trees give the cemetery a forest-like appearance. A road runs from the north gate of Qufu to the exterior gate of the cemetery in a straight line. It is 1,266 m (4,154 ft) in length and lined by
1667:
Qufu has a humid continental climate, bordering on a humid subtropical climate. Qufu experiences an average annual precipitation of 666.3 mm (26.23 in), and an average annual temperature of 13.6 °C (56.5 °F).
3242:
2595:)—it covers an area of 16,000 square metres (170,000 sq ft) and has a total of 460 rooms. Because the last major redesign following the fire in 1499 took place shortly after the building of the Forbidden City in the
3927:
2739:. In addition, it had a brick platform for sacrifices. The present-day tomb is a cone-shaped hill. Tombs for the descendants of Confucius and additional stela to commemorate him were soon added around Confucius' tomb.
5327:
4454:
2857:) that was designed as a shelter during an attack but was never used. The family mansion was inhabited by descendants of Confucius until 1937, when Confucius' descendant in the 76th and 77th generations fled to
4906:
3047:
2763:(1.4 sq mi). In this space, the tombs of more than 100,000 descendants of Confucius, who have been buried there over a period of about 2000 years, can be found. The oldest graves date back to the
4000:
1333:
BC. After the rebels' defeat, the Duke launched punitive campaigns against the Dongyi, forcing their submission and placing their territory under loyal nobles. The territory of the Yan became part of the
5243:
2580:, the temple was extended into a design with three sections and four courtyards, around which eventually more than 400 rooms were arranged. Fire and vandalism destroyed the temple in 1214, during the
5337:
5164:
4791:
2686:) is the architectural center of the present day complex. The hall covers an area of 54 by 34 metres (177 by 112 ft) and stands slightly less than 32 m (105 ft) tall.
1589:(Kong Lin) is located 1.3 km (0.81 mi) to the north of the walled city. The modern downtown is located south of the walled city. There is also a mosque and a thriving
3165:
2877:
and hierarchy: The most senior descendant of
Confucius took up residence in the central of the three main buildings; his younger brother occupied the Yi Gun hall to the east.
4539:
4359:
4230:
Wilson, Thomas A.. 1996. "The Ritual
Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage". The Journal of Asian Studies 55 (3). : 559–84. doi:10.2307/2646446.
4291:
4742:
3799:
1357:, the city was centered around the present-day Temple of Duke Zhou, at the northeastern corner of today's walled city. At 1012, Qufu was renamed to Xianyuan County (
1495:, 1937–1982), one of the five most powerful student leaders of the Cultural Revolution, came to Qufu and destroyed more than 6000 artifacts as part of destroying
185:
3997:
5228:
3317:
5306:
3639:
3003:
6322:
5014:
4784:
3889:
4048:
3980:
3569:
3530:
4628:
3103:
2405:, constructed in the early 20th century, passes through Qufu. For a century, most passengers traveling to or from Qufu, would use the train station at
3429:
4561:
2467:
143:
4074:
3177:
6307:
4777:
3054:
679:. The city contains numerous historic palaces, temples and cemeteries. The three most famous cultural sites of the city, collectively known as
3825:
3715:
3118:
4800:
3921:
3883:
3793:
4206:
4017:
3949:
3913:
Globalization and the Making of
Religious Modernity in China: Transnational Religions, Local Agents, and the Study of Religion, 1800-Present
3785:
Globalization and the Making of Religious Modernity in China: Transnational Religions, Local Agents, and the Study of Religion, 1800-Present
3538:
3218:
2510:
3499:
3194:
1455:
was awarded to the southern branch at Quzhou by a Ming emperor while the northern branch at Qufu held the title Duke Yansheng. Kong Ruogu (
3400:
2477:
2435:
4486:
3133:
767:
The name Qufu literally means "crooked hill", and refers to a mile-long hill that was part of the city during its time as capital of the
4460:
4428:
3664:
3148:
2382:
1467:) 47th generation was claimed to be the ancestor of the Southern branch after Kong Zhu died by Northern branch member Kong Guanghuang.
74:
5297:
845:
4960:
4696:
4407:
4288:
3035:
4535:
668:. Qufu has an area of 815 square kilometers, and a total population of 653,000 inhabitants, of which, 188,000 live in urban areas.
4180:
3850:
3739:
4251:
3614:
5063:
2795:
3998:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248653434_The_Ritual_Formation_of_Confucian_Orthodoxy_and_the_Descendants_of_the_Sage
1443:
in the north appointed Kong Duanyou's brother Kong Duancao who remained in Qufu as Duke Yansheng. From that time up until the
4732:
2630:
607:
494:
4752:
3911:
2413:
4090:
2991:
2563:
Within two years after the death of Confucius, his former house in Qufu was already consecrated as a temple by the Duke of
1076:
977:
944:
3691:
2617:
1596:
The Qufu train station and major industrial areas are on the east side, a few kilometers east of the historical city. The
1317:
692:
563:
4116:
2402:
107:
5568:
3206:
1440:
6317:
5578:
4822:
402:
340:
5878:
3755:
3458:
3371:
2581:
1394:
renamed Xianyuan back to Qufu (in 1142), but the city stayed at its Song location. It was not until the reign of the
4432:
3325:
5724:
4652:
4513:"The way of Confucius and Mencius is difficult to climb to the sky (Confucius and Mencius Express-BYD Cloud Track)"
2525:
2521:
2506:
1218:
4234:
3631:
6086:
5803:
5009:
4966:
4868:
2984:
2957:
2612:
Pavilions (e.g., Jin and Yuan dynasties, 1115–1368), the Kuiwen Hall (built in 1018, restored in 1504 during the
2550:
2471:
1563:
1486:
873:
814:
788:
688:
4289:
Sang Ye and Geremie R. Barmé (2009): The Fate of the Confucius Temple, the Kong Mansion and Kong Cemetery, China
2886:
benefited greatly from tourism, holding a number of cultural festivals and exhibitions, largely centered around
6214:
6111:
5963:
5830:
5354:
4929:
3873:
2961:
2862:
1339:
1263:
840:
5583:
4620:
4161:
6150:
5991:
5374:
5369:
5091:
2926:
2735:. The original tomb erected here in memory of Confucius on the bank of the Sishui River had the shape of an
1428:
1391:
1379:. A temple in honor of the Yellow Emperor was built there; all that remains today are two giant stelae (the
45:
4760:
4142:
3264:
3230:
6001:
5389:
5290:
5097:
2918:
2691:
615:
591:
4569:
2960:, to the Mausoleum of Confucius and to the Mansion of the Kong Family. The city also has a branch of the
1005:
906:
57:
6165:
5498:
5105:
5068:
4872:
4590:
3096:
2711:
1586:
1416:
1363:), and relocated to the new site, some 4 km (2.5 mi) east of today's walled city, next to the
1170:
932:
899:
866:
833:
780:
715:
197:
1071:
1038:
6134:
6106:
5146:
4064:
285:
3023:
5933:
5264:
5238:
5218:
5033:
5024:
4915:
4876:
4512:
3821:
3707:
2807:
2771:
2731:) lies to the north of the town of Qufu. The oldest graves found in this location date back to the
2432:), passes through the city. A small passenger station operating on the southeast side of the city (
1482:
1403:
1239:
756:
734:
277:
3296:
1277:
1228:
972:
549:
6069:
5996:
5699:
5515:
5447:
5394:
5379:
5313:
5179:
5101:
4999:
4986:
4275:
Wang Liang, "The Confucius Temple Tragedy of the Cultural Revolution," in Thomas A. Wilson, ed.,
4210:
4024:
3956:
3606:
3598:
3545:
2778:
was removed from its grave, hung naked from a tree in front of the palace and later incinerated.
2427:
1452:
1142:
939:
911:
878:
530:
522:
4338:
3506:
2933:
1137:
3392:
6188:
6080:
5958:
5808:
5750:
5612:
5588:
5573:
5458:
5452:
5384:
5359:
5283:
5275:
5233:
4956:
4692:
4490:
4403:
4397:
4379:
4354:
4042:
3974:
3917:
3879:
3789:
3783:
3563:
3524:
3070:
3016:
2866:
2791:
2335:
2288:
2240:
1575:
1555:
1475:
641:
455:
447:
239:
215:
36:
3668:
6272:
6242:
6193:
6160:
6139:
6064:
5939:
5928:
5923:
5860:
5813:
5729:
5670:
5665:
5535:
5525:
5442:
5141:
5131:
4944:
4924:
4817:
3590:
2657:
2417:
2406:
1471:
645:
367:
322:
4737:
1104:
311:
6312:
6277:
6267:
6006:
5905:
5900:
5883:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5739:
5734:
5705:
5660:
5655:
5627:
5530:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5187:
5156:
5038:
4295:
4238:
4004:
3252:
3155:
3086:
1402:(1522) that the present-day city wall was built. The site of the city in 1012–1522 is now
1395:
433:
3875:
On Sacred Grounds: Culture, Society, Politics, and the Formation of the Cult of Confucius
2591:
The temple complex is the second largest historical building complex in China (after the
416:
4712:
1649:
330:
6252:
6237:
6170:
6116:
6096:
6026:
6011:
5785:
5650:
5622:
5617:
5545:
5540:
5520:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5364:
5111:
4863:
4722:
4332:
2929:
2592:
1638:
1593:
neighborhood and market that is located just outside the west gate of the walled city.
1448:
1387:
1368:
1281:
1196:
1175:
1163:
1130:
1109:
1097:
1064:
1043:
1031:
1010:
998:
965:
784:
584:
577:
4687:傅崇兰 (Bo Chonglan); 孟祥才 (Meng Xiangcai); 曲英杰 (Qu Yingjie); 吴承照 (Wu Chengzhao) (2002),
4190:
3846:
3731:
2555:
6302:
6296:
6209:
6204:
6091:
6046:
6031:
6021:
5968:
5855:
5550:
5471:
5466:
5169:
5126:
5047:
4853:
4764:
4255:
3610:
3578:
2821:
2075:
1424:
1293:
1273:
2812:
6041:
6016:
5835:
5780:
5632:
5223:
4827:
2949:
2783:
2775:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2732:
2653:
2613:
2605:
2596:
2585:
2577:
2568:
1597:
1551:
1481:
The artifacts of the historical sites at Qufu suffered extensive damage during the
1444:
1399:
1372:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1321:
1313:
539:
471:
374:
2767:, the most recent of which belong to descendants in the 76th and 78th generation.
1641:), are on the eastern outskirts of the modern Qufu as well, near Jiuxian village.
759:
since 1994. In July 2015, Qufu became the third International Cittaslow in China.
660:. It is located about 130 kilometres (81 mi) south of the provincial capital
4309:
6262:
6257:
6219:
6155:
6101:
5192:
5116:
5086:
5078:
5057:
5004:
4934:
4769:
4328:
4100:
3759:
2702:
2572:
1335:
1301:
768:
600:
3683:
6247:
6036:
5254:
5248:
5042:
5029:
5019:
4994:
4971:
4843:
4808:
4126:
3139:
3124:
3109:
2903:
2600:
2564:
1590:
1305:
657:
464:
258:
3579:"The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage"
2492:
2479:
2450:
2437:
1654:
158:
145:
6126:
5973:
5774:
5560:
5258:
5197:
4891:
4858:
4847:
4837:
4747:
2953:
2937:
2907:
2887:
2858:
2652:, Apricot Platform), the De Mu Tian Di Arch, the Dacheng Hall (built in the
1496:
1420:
672:
487:
268:
5870:
4727:
4716:
3448:
3361:
5894:
5824:
5768:
5762:
5604:
5593:
5310:
4950:
4896:
4832:
4422:
3287:
3281:
3256:
2537:
1645:
1619:
1436:
1380:
1364:
676:
653:
508:
388:
190:
4662:
6198:
6180:
6144:
6074:
5716:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5419:
5202:
5136:
5121:
5053:
4939:
4886:
4231:
3602:
3291:
1376:
1309:
1297:
546:
4757:
4536:"The Fate of the Confucius Temple, the Kong Mansion and Kong Cemetery"
2847:
2844:
2841:
2829:
2826:
2721:
2718:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2638:
2635:
2625:
2622:
1627:
1624:
1608:
1605:
1602:
742:
739:
723:
720:
700:
697:
6056:
5950:
5915:
5888:
5795:
5642:
5477:
4689:曲阜庙城与中国儒学 (Qufu's temples and walled cities and China's Confucianism)
2974:) and hosts the headquarters of the Federation of Confucian Culture.
2922:
2870:
2673:
2643:
2421:
1503:
1432:
1285:
1252:
753:
705:
665:
273:
202:
3594:
2536:
A 12 km (7.5 mi), 12 station monorail to connect Qufu and
1213:
Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu
2584:. It was restored to its former extent by the year 1302 during the
5983:
5756:
5744:
5483:
5346:
5322:
4976:
4165:
2811:
2701:
2609:
2554:
1550:
The small historical center of Qufu is surrounded by the restored
661:
178:
4487:"Tourist monorail featuring Confucian culture under construction"
3284:, traditionally believed to be the site of the birth of Confucius
664:
and 45 km (28 mi) northeast of the prefectural seat at
589:
6229:
5507:
4882:
4146:
2899:
2787:
1346:-era fortifications, including more land to the east and north.
5279:
4773:
3910:
Thomas Jansen; Thoralf Klein; Christian Meyer (21 March 2014).
3782:
Thomas Jansen; Thoralf Klein; Christian Meyer (21 March 2014).
2736:
1675:
Climate data for Qufu (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
4598:
568:
554:
3009:
Dragon pillar in front of Dacheng Hall (Temple of Confucius)
1506:, the name of the city (often viewed as a county seat, i.e.
675:, who is traditionally believed to have been born at nearby
4343:- Rev. A. Williamson's account of his visit to Qufu in 1865
1510:) was transcribed in English in a variety of ways, such as
1342:. This city had walls considerably larger than the present
2921:
is located in Qufu city, and has an additional campus in
612:
527:
513:
499:
16:
County-level city in Shandong, People's Republic of China
4254:. Weekly Reader Corp. September 29, 2006. Archived from
478:
2470:, which opened in 2011, runs through Qufu. This line's
2656:), and the Hall of Confucius' Wife. The Dacheng Hall (
1582:) occupy large sections of the land within the wall.
1182:
1149:
1116:
1083:
1050:
1017:
984:
951:
918:
885:
852:
819:
752:). Together, these three sites have been listed as a
452:
438:
421:
407:
393:
379:
4378:
Colby, Frank Moore; Williams, Talcott, eds. (1918),
3878:. Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 69, 315.
3426:
Dictionary of Chinese Place-names Ancient and Modern
3318:"China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017"
3085:
Stele in memory of rebuilding the temple, Year 4 of
3069:
Stele in memory of rebuilding the temple, Year 6 of
3053:
Stele in memory of rebuilding the temple, Year 9 of
2474:
is located a few kilometers south-east of the city (
6228:
6179:
6125:
6055:
5982:
5949:
5914:
5869:
5794:
5715:
5641:
5603:
5559:
5506:
5497:
5418:
5345:
5336:
5211:
5178:
5155:
5077:
4985:
4914:
4807:
4360:
Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London
3993:
3991:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1217:
606:
599:
583:
576:
562:
545:
538:
521:
507:
493:
486:
470:
463:
446:
432:
415:
401:
387:
373:
366:
361:
349:
339:
321:
300:
284:
267:
256:
248:
237:
232:
224:
213:
208:
196:
184:
174:
21:
4534:Sang Ye and Geremie R. Barmé (December 20, 2009).
3299:, many people with this surname are from Shandong.
2559:Historical plan of the Temple of Confucius (1912).
4384:(2 ed.), Dodd, Mead and company, p. 276
1276:, the area around Qufu was home to the people of
3251:("Celebrate Longevity") stele on a 6-meter-long
1386:After the conquest of the northern China by the
3322:Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development
5253:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
4842:Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of
4279:, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002)
2873:, where the head of the family still resides.
5291:
5229:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
4785:
4381:The New international encyclopædia, Volume 13
4323:
4321:
2925:. The university, founded in 1955, offers 87
2425:
2409:, some 15 km (9.3 mi) to the west.
1490:
1485:when about 200 staff members and students of
1462:
1456:
1427:Kong Duanyou fled south with the future Song
1407:
1358:
1338:, who made Qufu their capital throughout the
1189:
1156:
1123:
1090:
1057:
1024:
991:
958:
925:
892:
859:
826:
327:
140:Coordinates (Qufu municipal government):
8:
1637:, the purported birthplace of the legendary
1212:
3665:"- Quzhou City Guides - China TEFL Network"
1562:) is in the center of the walled city; the
5503:
5342:
5298:
5284:
5276:
4792:
4778:
4770:
4748:Photographs of a Confucian Temple ceremony
3200:Drum tower – the center of the walled city
2956:was born. The city is home to the holiest
2759:dynasties still standing in the cemetery.
1671:
1227:
1211:
687:; 'the Three Confucian ', are the
358:
18:
4399:The magic square: cities in ancient China
4311:In a mule litter to the tomb of Confucius
4298:Heritage Quarterly, No. 20, December 2009
3430:Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House
3393:"Cittaslow directory of China (mainland)"
2898:The city's main mineral deposits include
1470:In 1948, Qufu played a minor role in the
652:) is a county-level city in southwestern
4489:. Xinhua. 3 January 2018. Archived from
1233:Apricot Platform in the Confucius Temple
793:
787:. The city government is located within
4621:"Shandong: Cradle of Confucian Culture"
4252:"Cultural revolution in Current Events"
3853:from the original on September 14, 2015
3822:"Nation observes Confucius anniversary"
3708:"Nation observes Confucius anniversary"
3477:
3475:
3309:
3187:
3093:
3013:
2981:
2424:as part of the broader Xinshi Railway (
283:
266:
231:
223:
207:
173:
138:
66:
54:
42:
4047:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4040:
3979:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3972:
3742:from the original on 14 September 2015
3568:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3561:
3529:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3522:
2604:trees to create a color contrast with
795:Township-Level Divisions of Qufu City
671:Qufu is best known as the hometown of
640:
529:
454:
297:
4647:
4645:
4435:from the original on 5 September 2018
2616:and in 1985), the Xing Tan Pavilion (
1257:
1247:
1237:
255:
247:
236:
212:
195:
183:
7:
4402:, Edition Axel Menges, p. 116,
4394:See e.g. the map (Fig. 3.1.2.2) in:
4232:https://www.jstor.org/stable/2646446
3617:from the original on 25 October 2018
3443:
3441:
3439:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
2816:Courtyard in the Kong family mansion
4743:Panoramic photo of Confucius Temple
4738:Asian Historical Architecture: Qufu
4691:, Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Chubanshe,
4461:China Meteorological Administration
4429:China Meteorological Administration
3849:. China Daily. September 29, 2006.
3718:from the original on 8 January 2016
2468:Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway
2383:China Meteorological Administration
779:The city of Qufu is divided into 4
6323:County-level divisions of Shandong
5188:Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor
4334:Confucius and the Chinese classics
4189:. October 18, 2003. Archived from
3847:"Confucius Anniversary Celebrated"
3732:"Confucius Anniversary Celebrated"
3694:from the original on 13 March 2016
3642:from the original on 18 March 2016
2824:lived in the Kong family Mansion (
14:
4467:from the original on 4 April 2023
4207:"AAS Abstracts: China Session 45"
4118:金华磐安发现一处宋代古墓 墓主疑是孔子47代裔孙--浙江省殡葬协会
3930:from the original on 8 March 2024
3802:from the original on 8 March 2024
3450:曲阜市历史沿革_行政区划网(区划地名网) www.xzqh.org
3363:曲阜市概况地图_行政区划网(区划地名网) www.xzqh.org
220:815 km (315 sq mi)
4923:Ancient Building Complex in the
4905:
4711:
4099:. April 23, 2014. Archived from
4077:from the original on 5 June 2016
3577:Wilson, Thomas (1 August 1996).
3263:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3205:
3193:
3176:
3171:"Lost" crown of a Ming-era stele
3164:
3147:
3132:
3117:
3102:
3078:
3062:
3046:
3034:
3022:
3002:
2990:
2948:Qufu is a traditional centre of
2790:trees. Along this road lies the
2698:Cemetery of Confucius (Kong Lin)
2511:Rizhao–Lankao high-speed railway
1554:city wall and rivers/moats. The
310:
113:
106:
80:
73:
56:
44:
5064:Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries
4631:from the original on 2021-10-21
4542:from the original on 2017-02-16
3892:from the original on 2023-04-26
3828:from the original on 2016-01-08
3756:"孔子家族全书：家事本末_17．孔浈不幸被夺爵_米花在线书库"
3461:from the original on 2021-01-12
3403:from the original on 2022-01-23
3397:Gaochun International Cittaslow
3374:from the original on 2023-04-10
2997:Plan of the Temple of Confucius
2822:direct descendants of Confucius
2545:Temple of Confucius (Kong Miao)
1308:), Yan joined the Shang prince
613:
590:
569:
555:
528:
514:
500:
479:
4758:A photo tour of Qufu from 2008
4538:. Chinese Heritage Quarterly.
2970:
2965:
2853:
2840:
2835:
2727:
2678:
2648:
2634:
2621:
2426:
1633:
1623:
1614:
1491:
1463:
1439:, while the newly established
1408:
1359:
1190:
1157:
1124:
1091:
1058:
1025:
992:
959:
926:
893:
860:
827:
748:
729:
710:
696:
453:
439:
422:
408:
394:
380:
328:
1:
6308:World Heritage Sites in China
4801:World Heritage Sites in China
4723:UNESCO World Heritage Listing
4308:Armstrong, Alexander (1896),
3224:Cemetery of Mencius's parents
2802:Kong Family Mansion (Kong Fu)
2608:. The main buildings are the
1461:), also known as Kong Chuan (
1324:
4940:Kaiping Diaolou and Villages
4719:travel guide from Wikivoyage
4661:(in Chinese). Archived from
1659:both pass through the city.
1502:Before the wide adoption of
316:"Qufu" in Chinese characters
114:
81:
4823:Classical Gardens of Suzhou
4560:Jeni Hung (April 5, 2003).
3824:. China Daily. 2006-09-29.
3788:. BRILL. pp. 187–188.
3481:
2716:The Cemetery of Confucius (
2148:Average precipitation days
1934:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1794:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1183:
1150:
1117:
1084:
1051:
1018:
985:
952:
919:
886:
853:
820:
6339:
4355:"Journey through Shantung"
2805:
2794:, dedicated to Confucius'
2709:
2548:
2526:China National Highway 327
2522:China National Highway 104
2507:Qufu South railway station
2380:
1674:
1353:and the early days of the
1280:, who were counted by the
1220:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1209:UNESCO World Heritage Site
179:People's Republic of China
5320:
5010:Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
4967:Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art
4903:
4459:(in Simplified Chinese).
4427:(in Simplified Chinese).
3872:Thomas A. Wilson (2002).
3625:– via ResearchGate.
2825:
2717:
2661:
2551:Temple of Confucius, Qufu
2472:Qufu East railway station
2333:
2286:
2238:
2194:
2147:
2073:
2003:
1933:
1863:
1793:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1601:
1487:Beijing Normal University
1457:
1226:
738:
719:
684:
649:
627:
357:
329:
309:
305:
252:800/km (2,100/sq mi)
139:
67:
55:
43:
34:
4930:Historic Centre of Macau
4816:Archaeological Ruins of
4688:
4653:
4515:. inf.news. 13 July 2017
4455:
4424:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data
4423:
4181:
4117:
4091:
4065:
3916:. BRILL. pp. 188–.
3583:Journal of Asian Studies
3449:
3421:
3362:
2962:Holy Church of Confucius
2863:Second Sino-Japanese War
2528:both pass through Qufu.
2493:35.556390°N 117.063656°E
2451:35.582860°N 117.025091°E
2403:Beijing–Shanghai railway
1620:Shou Qiu historical site
1340:Spring and Autumn period
775:Administrative divisions
25:
5499:Prefecture-level cities
5122:Ancient City of Pingyao
5092:Chengde Mountain Resort
4562:"Children of confucius"
4396:Schinz, Alfred (1996),
4162:"孔传：孔传 锁定 本缺少名片图，补充相关内"
3688:kfz.freehostingguru.com
3212:The Temple of Duke Zhou
2952:, being the area where
1441:Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
228:65 m (214 ft)
5307:County-level divisions
5098:Putuo Zongcheng Temple
4995:Chengjiang Fossil Site
4949:Historic Monuments of
4733:Qufu Normal University
4066:磐安发现一处宋墓 墓主是孔子47代裔孙（图）
3636:academics.hamilton.edu
3324:. 2019. Archived from
2919:Qufu Normal University
2817:
2707:
2706:The tomb of Confucius.
2560:
1570:), Confucius Mansion (
1318:their failed rebellion
5584:Tai'erzhuang District
5338:Sub-provincial cities
5069:Three Parallel Rivers
4873:Cemetery of Confucius
4337:. A. Roman. pp.
3712:www.chinadaily.com.cn
3432:. 2005. p. 1154.
3097:Cemetery of Confucius
2865:and later during the
2815:
2712:Cemetery of Confucius
2705:
2684:Great Perfection Hall
2567:. In 205 BC, Emperor
2558:
2498:35.556390; 117.063656
2456:35.582860; 117.025091
1451:rank of Wujing boshi
1417:Southern Song dynasty
874:Shizhuang Subdistrict
716:Cemetery of Confucius
198:Prefecture-level city
6135:Dongchangfu District
5147:Beijing Central Axis
4961:Gaocheng Observatory
4182:孔氏六帖 南宋 孔传（孔若古）衢州派始祖
3183:A cemetery landscape
2606:complementary colors
2463:) serves this line.
1724:Record high °C (°F)
608:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
249: • Density
159:35.5819°N 116.9862°E
97:Show map of Shandong
94:Location in Shandong
5459:West Coast New Area
5265:Badain Jaran Desert
5261:of China (Phase II)
5034:Leshan Giant Buddha
4877:Kong Family Mansion
3632:"Cult of Confucius"
2985:Temple of Confucius
2958:Temple of Confucius
2808:Kong Family Mansion
2772:Cultural Revolution
2692:Confucius' birthday
2631:traditional Chinese
2509:, on the east–west
2489: /
2447: /
2195:Average snowy days
2004:Record low °C (°F)
1864:Daily mean °C (°F)
1564:Temple of Confucius
1489:led by Tan Houlan (
1483:Cultural Revolution
1365:supposed birthplace
1244:Cultural: i, iv, vi
1214:
907:Xiaoxue Subdistrict
841:Shuyuan Subdistrict
815:Lucheng Subdistrict
796:
789:Lucheng Subdistrict
757:World Heritage Site
735:Kong Family Mansion
689:Temple of Confucius
155: /
6318:Cities in Shandong
6070:Lingcheng District
5997:Luozhuang District
5516:Zhangdian District
5448:Chengyang District
5395:Gangcheng District
5380:Changqing District
5102:Xumi Fushou Temple
5000:Dazu Rock Carvings
4850:of China (Phase I)
4601:on 8 December 2015
4493:on January 3, 2018
4294:2010-11-21 at the
4237:2017-01-10 at the
4143:"中国深圳孔氏联谊会-榉溪孔氏家庙"
4003:2016-06-23 at the
3630:Wilson, Thomas A.
2818:
2708:
2618:simplified Chinese
2561:
2513:, opened in 2021.
1587:Confucius Cemetery
1499:in November 1966.
1419:the descendant of
1286:Eastern Barbarians
794:
62:Location in Jining
6290:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6189:Bincheng District
5959:Donggang District
5809:Rencheng District
5804:Shizhong District
5725:Weicheng District
5613:Dongying District
5589:Xuecheng District
5574:Shanting District
5569:Shizhong District
5493:
5492:
5453:Huangdao District
5385:Zhangqiu District
5360:Tianqiao District
5355:Shizhong District
5331:
5273:
5272:
5234:South China Karst
5198:Xinjiang Tianshan
4957:Shaolin Monastery
4753:Confucian website
4572:on March 21, 2006
4277:On Sacred Grounds
4258:on April 17, 2008
4193:on June 14, 2018.
4129:on 6 October 2016
3923:978-90-04-27151-7
3885:978-0-674-00961-5
3795:978-90-04-27151-7
3428:]. Shanghai:
3017:Temple of Yan Hui
2894:Natural resources
2867:Chinese Civil War
2416:, which connects
2388:
2387:
2336:possible sunshine
2241:relative humidity
1576:Temple of Yan Hui
1476:Chinese Civil War
1367:of the legendary
1270:
1269:
1202:
1201:
809:Subdivision Type
631:
630:
623:
622:
495:Yale Romanization
368:Standard Mandarin
296:
295:
240:County-level city
216:County-level city
164:35.5819; 116.9862
130:Show map of China
50:Qufu's south gate
37:County-level city
6330:
6273:Juancheng County
6243:Dingtao District
6194:Zhanhua District
6140:Chiping District
6065:Decheng District
5992:Lanshan District
5964:Lanshan District
5929:Wendeng District
5924:Huancui District
5879:Taishan District
5861:Liangshan County
5814:Yanzhou District
5730:Hanting District
5671:Penglai District
5666:Laishan District
5579:Yicheng District
5536:Zhoucun District
5526:Zichuan District
5504:
5461:
5443:Laoshan District
5375:Huaiyin District
5370:Licheng District
5343:
5325:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5277:
5212:Multiple regions
5142:Yungang Grottoes
5132:Temple of Heaven
5108:
5060:
4963:
4945:Longmen Grottoes
4925:Wudang Mountains
4909:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4771:
4715:
4701:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4649:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4617:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4606:
4597:. Archived from
4587:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4568:. Archived from
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4367:, J. Murray: 223
4353:Markham (1870),
4350:
4344:
4342:
4325:
4316:
4315:
4305:
4299:
4286:
4280:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4248:
4242:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4209:. Archived from
4203:
4197:
4194:
4176:
4174:
4173:
4164:. Archived from
4157:
4155:
4154:
4145:. Archived from
4138:
4136:
4134:
4125:. Archived from
4112:
4110:
4108:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4046:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4029:
4023:. Archived from
4022:
4014:
4008:
3995:
3986:
3984:
3978:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3961:
3955:. Archived from
3954:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3869:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3843:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3758:. Archived from
3751:
3749:
3747:
3736:www.china.org.cn
3727:
3725:
3723:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3667:. Archived from
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3573:
3567:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3544:. Archived from
3543:
3534:
3528:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3511:
3505:. Archived from
3504:
3495:
3489:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3445:
3434:
3433:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3358:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3314:
3267:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3180:
3168:
3151:
3136:
3121:
3106:
3082:
3066:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3006:
2994:
2972:
2967:
2938:doctoral degrees
2934:master's degrees
2855:
2850:
2837:
2832:
2796:favorite student
2729:
2724:
2680:
2671:
2650:
2641:
2628:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2466:The north–south
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2151:
1672:
1658:
1635:
1630:
1616:
1611:
1494:
1493:
1472:Yanzhou Campaign
1466:
1465:
1460:
1459:
1411:
1410:
1362:
1361:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1231:
1221:
1215:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1179:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1146:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1113:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1047:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1014:
995:
994:
988:
981:
962:
961:
955:
948:
929:
928:
922:
915:
896:
895:
889:
887:Shízhuāng Jiēdào
882:
863:
862:
856:
849:
830:
829:
823:
797:
750:
745:
731:
726:
712:
703:
686:
651:
643:
639:
619:
618:
617:
595:
594:
593:
572:
571:
558:
557:
534:
533:
532:
517:
516:
503:
502:
482:
481:
459:
458:
457:
442:
441:
428:
427:
426:
411:
410:
397:
396:
383:
382:
359:
335:
334:
333:
314:
298:
170:
169:
167:
166:
165:
160:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
131:
117:
116:
110:
98:
84:
83:
77:
60:
48:
19:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6293:
6292:
6291:
6282:
6278:Dongming County
6268:Yuncheng County
6224:
6175:
6121:
6087:Pingyuan County
6051:
6007:Tancheng County
6002:Hedong District
5978:
5945:
5910:
5906:Dongping County
5901:Ningyang County
5884:Daiyue District
5865:
5851:Wenshang County
5846:Jiaxiang County
5841:Jinxiang County
5790:
5740:Kuiwen District
5735:Fangzi District
5711:
5661:Fushan District
5656:Muping District
5637:
5628:Guangrao County
5599:
5555:
5531:Boshan District
5489:
5457:
5438:Licang District
5433:Shibei District
5428:Shinan District
5414:
5390:Jiyang District
5332:
5316:
5304:
5274:
5269:
5207:
5203:Qinghai Hoh Xil
5174:
5151:
5095:
5073:
5051:
5039:Mount Qingcheng
4981:
4954:
4910:
4901:
4803:
4798:
4708:
4699:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4678:
4677:
4668:
4666:
4659:www.qfnu.edu.cn
4655:
4651:
4650:
4643:
4634:
4632:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4604:
4602:
4595:www.qufu.gov.cn
4589:
4588:
4584:
4575:
4573:
4559:
4558:
4554:
4545:
4543:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4518:
4516:
4511:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4494:
4485:
4484:
4480:
4470:
4468:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4448:
4438:
4436:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4327:
4326:
4319:
4307:
4306:
4302:
4296:Wayback Machine
4287:
4283:
4274:
4270:
4261:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4239:Wayback Machine
4229:
4225:
4216:
4214:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4183:
4179:
4171:
4169:
4160:
4152:
4150:
4141:
4132:
4130:
4119:
4115:
4106:
4104:
4103:on June 3, 2016
4093:
4089:
4080:
4078:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4020:
4018:"Archived copy"
4016:
4015:
4011:
4005:Wayback Machine
3996:
3989:
3971:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3950:"Archived copy"
3948:
3947:
3943:
3933:
3931:
3924:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3895:
3893:
3886:
3871:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3854:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3831:
3829:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3796:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3765:
3763:
3754:
3745:
3743:
3730:
3721:
3719:
3706:
3697:
3695:
3682:
3674:
3672:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3645:
3643:
3629:
3620:
3618:
3595:10.2307/2646446
3576:
3560:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3541:
3539:"Archived copy"
3537:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3502:
3500:"Archived copy"
3498:
3496:
3492:
3480:
3473:
3464:
3462:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3437:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3406:
3404:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3377:
3375:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3340:
3331:
3329:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3278:
3271:
3268:
3259:
3246:
3237:
3234:
3225:
3222:
3213:
3210:
3201:
3198:
3184:
3181:
3172:
3169:
3160:
3159:of Kong Hongtai
3152:
3143:
3142:of Kong Zhengan
3137:
3128:
3122:
3113:
3107:
3090:
3083:
3074:
3067:
3058:
3051:
3042:
3039:
3030:
3027:
3010:
3007:
2998:
2995:
2980:
2946:
2916:
2896:
2883:
2810:
2804:
2714:
2700:
2553:
2547:
2534:
2519:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2149:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1665:
1652:
1548:
1429:Emperor Gaozong
1404:Jiuxian Village
1396:Jiajing Emperor
1330:
1327:
1234:
1219:
1210:
1207:
1173:
1151:Shíménshān Zhèn
1140:
1107:
1085:Wángzhuāng Zhèn
1074:
1041:
1008:
975:
942:
909:
876:
843:
777:
765:
637:
474:
434:Tongyong Pinyin
424:
403:Gwoyeu Romatzyh
350:Literal meaning
317:
292:
163:
161:
157:
154:
149:
146:
144:
142:
141:
135:
134:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
123:
122:
118:
101:
100:
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:
90:
89:
85:
63:
51:
39:
30:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6336:
6334:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6295:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6253:Chengwu County
6250:
6245:
6240:
6238:Mudan District
6234:
6232:
6226:
6225:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6215:Yangxin County
6212:
6207:
6202:
6196:
6191:
6185:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6174:
6173:
6171:Gaotang County
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6142:
6137:
6131:
6129:
6123:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6117:Qingyun County
6114:
6112:Ningjin County
6109:
6104:
6099:
6097:Wucheng County
6094:
6089:
6084:
6078:
6072:
6067:
6061:
6059:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6027:Mengyin County
6024:
6019:
6014:
6012:Lanling County
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5988:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5955:
5953:
5947:
5946:
5944:
5943:
5937:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5918:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5892:
5886:
5881:
5875:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5831:Weishan County
5828:
5822:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5786:Changle County
5783:
5778:
5772:
5766:
5760:
5754:
5748:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5679:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5651:Zhifu District
5647:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5623:Kenli District
5620:
5618:Hekou District
5615:
5609:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5565:
5563:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5546:Gaoqing County
5543:
5541:Huantai County
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5521:Linzi District
5518:
5512:
5510:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5424:
5422:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5410:Shanghe County
5407:
5405:Pingyin County
5402:
5400:Laiwu District
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5365:Lixia District
5362:
5357:
5351:
5349:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5280:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5161:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5112:Forbidden City
5109:
5089:
5083:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5052:including the
5045:
5036:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4991:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4955:including the
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4920:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4880:
4866:
4864:Wuyi Mountains
4861:
4856:
4851:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4763:2012-12-09 at
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4707:
4706:External links
4704:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4675:
4641:
4627:. 2015-06-24.
4612:
4582:
4552:
4526:
4504:
4478:
4446:
4414:
4408:
4387:
4370:
4345:
4317:
4300:
4281:
4268:
4243:
4223:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4177:
4158:
4139:
4123:www.zjbzxh.org
4113:
4055:
4009:
3987:
3941:
3922:
3902:
3884:
3864:
3838:
3813:
3794:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3752:
3728:
3704:
3684:"confucianism"
3655:
3653:
3652:
3627:
3589:(3): 559–584.
3574:
3490:
3471:
3457:(in Chinese).
3435:
3413:
3399:. 2024-02-10.
3384:
3370:(in Chinese).
3338:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:Qu (surname 曲)
3294:
3290:, hometown of
3285:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3262:
3260:
3247:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3163:
3161:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3131:
3129:
3127:of Kong Yanjin
3123:
3116:
3114:
3112:of Kong Yanjin
3108:
3101:
3099:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3021:
3019:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2976:
2945:
2942:
2915:
2912:
2895:
2892:
2882:
2879:
2806:Main article:
2803:
2800:
2710:Main article:
2699:
2696:
2593:Forbidden City
2549:Main article:
2546:
2543:
2533:
2530:
2518:
2517:Road transport
2515:
2414:Yanshi Railway
2398:
2397:Rail transport
2395:
2393:
2392:Transportation
2390:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2289:sunshine hours
2284:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1639:Yellow Emperor
1547:
1544:
1449:Hanlin Academy
1369:Yellow Emperor
1268:
1267:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1022:
1019:Língchéng Zhèn
1015:
1002:
1001:
996:
989:
982:
969:
968:
963:
956:
949:
936:
935:
930:
923:
920:Xiǎoxuě Jiēdào
916:
903:
902:
897:
890:
883:
870:
869:
864:
857:
854:Shūyuàn Jiēdào
850:
837:
836:
831:
824:
821:Lǔchéng Jiēdào
817:
811:
810:
807:
804:
801:
776:
773:
764:
761:
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
620:
610:
604:
603:
597:
596:
587:
585:Middle Chinese
581:
580:
578:Middle Chinese
574:
573:
566:
560:
559:
552:
543:
542:
536:
535:
525:
519:
518:
511:
505:
504:
497:
491:
490:
488:Yue: Cantonese
484:
483:
476:
468:
467:
461:
460:
450:
444:
443:
436:
430:
429:
419:
413:
412:
405:
399:
398:
391:
385:
384:
377:
371:
370:
364:
363:
362:Transcriptions
355:
354:
353:"Crooked Hill"
351:
347:
346:
343:
337:
336:
325:
319:
318:
315:
307:
306:
303:
302:
294:
293:
290:
288:
282:
281:
278:China Standard
271:
265:
264:
261:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
235:
234:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
218:
211:
210:
206:
205:
200:
194:
193:
188:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
137:
136:
126:
120:
119:
112:
111:
105:
104:
103:
102:
93:
87:
86:
79:
78:
72:
71:
70:
69:
68:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
49:
41:
40:
35:
32:
31:
28:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6335:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6227:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6210:Huimin County
6208:
6206:
6205:Boxing County
6203:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6178:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6161:Dong'e County
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6151:Yanggu County
6149:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6132:
6130:
6128:
6124:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6092:Xiajin County
6090:
6088:
6085:
6082:
6079:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6054:
6048:
6047:Linshu County
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6032:Pingyi County
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6022:Yishui County
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5969:Wulian County
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5948:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5856:Sishui County
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5714:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5602:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5551:Yiyuan County
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5485:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5467:Jimo District
5465:
5460:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5315:
5312:
5308:
5301:
5296:
5294:
5289:
5287:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5266:
5263:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5170:Mukden Palace
5168:
5166:
5165:Koguryo sites
5163:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5127:Summer Palace
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5107:
5106:Puning Temple
5103:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5048:Potala Palace
5046:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4962:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4916:South Central
4913:
4908:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4854:Mount Sanqing
4852:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4818:Liangzhu City
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4783:
4781:
4776:
4775:
4772:
4766:
4765:archive.today
4762:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4698:7-5004-3527-4
4694:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4665:on 2020-05-10
4664:
4660:
4656:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4586:
4583:
4571:
4567:
4566:The Spectator
4563:
4556:
4553:
4541:
4537:
4530:
4527:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4492:
4488:
4482:
4479:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4450:
4447:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4409:3-930698-02-1
4405:
4401:
4400:
4391:
4388:
4383:
4382:
4374:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4356:
4349:
4346:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4290:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4272:
4269:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4213:on 2016-10-06
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4178:
4168:on 2016-06-05
4167:
4163:
4159:
4149:on 2016-09-23
4148:
4144:
4140:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4059:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4030:on 2016-03-04
4026:
4019:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3962:on 2016-03-04
3958:
3951:
3945:
3942:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3906:
3903:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3868:
3865:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3814:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3787:
3786:
3778:
3775:
3762:on 2015-03-19
3761:
3757:
3753:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3671:on 2016-03-04
3670:
3666:
3659:
3656:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3551:on 2016-03-04
3547:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3526:
3512:on 2016-09-13
3508:
3501:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3478:
3476:
3472:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3414:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3328:on 2019-06-18
3327:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3303:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3266:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3227:
3220:
3215:
3208:
3203:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3179:
3174:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3044:
3041:The sanctuary
3037:
3032:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3005:
3000:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:Kǒngshèngtáng
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:undergraduate
2924:
2920:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2823:
2814:
2809:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2720:
2713:
2704:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2557:
2552:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2401:The original
2396:
2391:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:Mean monthly
2285:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2076:precipitation
2072:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1512:Ch'ü-fou-hien
1509:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:Duke Yansheng
1423:at Qufu, the
1422:
1418:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1292:. Along with
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1251:
1243:
1241:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1184:Fángshān Zhèn
1181:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1000:
997:
990:
987:
983:
979:
974:
971:
970:
967:
964:
957:
954:
950:
946:
941:
938:
937:
934:
931:
924:
921:
917:
913:
908:
905:
904:
901:
898:
891:
888:
884:
880:
875:
872:
871:
868:
865:
858:
855:
851:
847:
842:
839:
838:
835:
832:
825:
822:
818:
816:
813:
812:
808:
805:
802:
800:English Name
799:
798:
792:
790:
786:
782:
774:
772:
770:
762:
760:
758:
755:
751:
744:
741:
736:
732:
725:
722:
717:
713:
707:
702:
699:
694:
690:
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
647:
642:
635:
626:
611:
609:
605:
602:
598:
588:
586:
582:
579:
575:
567:
565:
561:
553:
551:
548:
544:
541:
537:
531:
526:
524:
520:
512:
510:
506:
498:
496:
492:
489:
485:
477:
473:
469:
466:
462:
456:
451:
449:
445:
437:
435:
431:
420:
418:
414:
406:
404:
400:
392:
390:
386:
378:
376:
372:
369:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
342:
338:
332:
326:
324:
320:
313:
308:
304:
299:
289:
287:
279:
275:
272:
270:
262:
260:
257: •
251:
243:
241:
238: •
227:
219:
217:
214: •
204:
201:
199:
192:
189:
187:
180:
177:
168:
109:
76:
59:
47:
38:
33:
20:
6107:Linyi County
6042:Yinan County
6017:Junan County
5836:Yutai County
5818:
5781:Linqu County
5633:Lijin County
5224:China Danxia
5180:Northwestern
4987:Southwestern
4828:Fujian tulou
4667:. Retrieved
4663:the original
4658:
4633:. Retrieved
4624:
4615:
4603:. Retrieved
4599:the original
4594:
4591:"Qufu·China"
4585:
4574:. Retrieved
4570:the original
4565:
4555:
4544:. Retrieved
4529:
4517:. Retrieved
4507:
4495:. Retrieved
4491:the original
4481:
4469:. Retrieved
4449:
4437:. Retrieved
4417:
4398:
4390:
4380:
4373:
4364:
4358:
4348:
4333:
4329:Legge, James
4310:
4303:
4284:
4276:
4271:
4260:. Retrieved
4256:the original
4246:
4226:
4215:. Retrieved
4211:the original
4201:
4191:the original
4186:
4170:. Retrieved
4166:the original
4151:. Retrieved
4147:the original
4131:. Retrieved
4127:the original
4122:
4105:. Retrieved
4101:the original
4096:
4079:. Retrieved
4071:js.ifeng.com
4070:
4058:
4032:. Retrieved
4025:the original
4012:
3964:. Retrieved
3957:the original
3944:
3932:. Retrieved
3912:
3905:
3894:. Retrieved
3874:
3867:
3855:. Retrieved
3841:
3830:. Retrieved
3816:
3804:. Retrieved
3784:
3777:
3764:. Retrieved
3760:the original
3744:. Retrieved
3735:
3720:. Retrieved
3711:
3696:. Retrieved
3687:
3673:. Retrieved
3669:the original
3658:
3644:. Retrieved
3635:
3619:. Retrieved
3586:
3582:
3553:. Retrieved
3546:the original
3514:. Retrieved
3507:the original
3493:
3483:
3482:Bo Chonglan
3463:. Retrieved
3454:
3425:
3416:
3405:. Retrieved
3396:
3387:
3376:. Retrieved
3367:
3330:. Retrieved
3326:the original
3321:
3312:
3248:
3189:Other sights
3154:
2969:
2950:Confucianism
2947:
2917:
2897:
2884:
2875:
2852:
2834:
2819:
2780:
2776:Duke of Qufu
2769:
2765:Zhou dynasty
2761:
2741:
2733:Zhou dynasty
2726:
2715:
2688:
2683:
2679:Dàchéng diàn
2677:
2654:Qing dynasty
2647:
2614:Ming dynasty
2597:Ming dynasty
2590:
2586:Yuan dynasty
2578:Song dynasty
2562:
2535:
2520:
2465:
2411:
2400:
2078:mm (inches)
1666:
1643:
1632:
1615:Shǎohào Líng
1613:
1598:Shaohao Tomb
1595:
1584:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1549:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1520:Kio-fou-hien
1519:
1516:Kio-feu-hien
1515:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1480:
1469:
1445:Yuan dynasty
1414:
1400:Ming dynasty
1385:
1355:Song dynasty
1351:Tang dynasty
1348:
1322:Duke of Zhou
1320:against the
1314:Three Guards
1289:
1271:
973:Yaocun, Qufu
781:subdistricts
778:
766:
747:
728:
709:
680:
670:
633:
632:
616:kʰ(r)ok(r)uʔ
540:Southern Min
475:Romanization
472:Shanghainese
375:Hanyu Pinyin
127:Qufu (China)
6263:Juye County
6258:Shan County
6220:Wudi County
6166:Guan County
6156:Shen County
6102:Qihe County
5239:Grand Canal
5193:Mogao Caves
5117:Zhoukoudian
5087:Mount Wutai
5058:Norbulingka
5005:Fanjingshan
4935:Shennongjia
4654:学校简介-曲阜师范大学
4625:China Today
4314:, J. Nisbet
4187:kong.org.cn
3270:Qufu cinema
3236:Qufu Mosque
2861:during the
2770:During the
2582:Jin dynasty
2573:Han dynasty
2496: /
2484:117°03′49″E
2454: /
2442:117°01′30″E
1653: [
1415:During the
1392:Jin dynasty
1375:of his son
1349:During the
1336:state of Lu
1328: 1042
1304:(along the
1284:among the "
1272:During the
1262:1994 (18th
1259:Inscription
1174: [
1141: [
1108: [
1075: [
1052:Níshān Zhèn
1042: [
1009: [
986:Yáocūn Zhèn
976: [
943: [
933:Subdistrict
910: [
900:Subdistrict
877: [
867:Subdistrict
844: [
834:Subdistrict
769:state of Lu
733:), and the
601:Old Chinese
286:Postal code
162: /
150:116°59′10″E
6297:Categories
6248:Cao County
6037:Fei County
5255:Yellow Sea
5249:Tusi Sites
5244:Silk Roads
5219:Great Wall
5096:including
5043:Dujiangyan
5030:Mount Emei
5020:Jiuzhaigou
4972:Wulingyuan
4844:Yellow Sea
4681:References
4669:2020-05-13
4635:2020-05-13
4576:2007-03-04
4546:2017-02-16
4262:2007-03-04
4217:2016-07-24
4172:2016-05-21
4153:2016-05-21
4097:zjfeiyi.cn
4034:2016-05-03
3966:2016-05-03
3934:18 October
3896:2016-05-21
3857:January 4,
3832:2016-01-04
3766:2016-05-03
3675:2016-03-04
3555:2016-05-03
3516:2016-05-03
3465:2020-05-13
3407:2024-02-10
3378:2020-05-13
3332:2020-04-24
3140:Spirit way
3125:Spirit way
3110:Spirit way
3089:era (1509)
3073:era (1441)
3057:era (1349)
2904:phosphorus
2792:Yan Temple
2601:Great Bear
2481:35°33′23″N
2439:35°34′58″N
2150:(≥ 0.1 mm)
1574:) and the
1556:Drum Tower
1390:, the new
1306:Huai River
1138:Shimenshan
1118:Xīzōu Zhèn
1072:Wangzhuang
953:Wúcūn Zhèn
658:East China
656:province,
638:pronounced
592:kʰjowkbjúw
417:Wade–Giles
233:Population
147:35°34′55″N
6127:Liaocheng
5974:Ju County
5934:Rongcheng
5775:Shouguang
5561:Zaozhuang
5259:Bohai Sea
5157:Northeast
5015:Huanglong
4892:West Lake
4859:Mount Tai
4848:Bohai Sea
4838:Huangshan
4471:12 August
4439:12 August
3611:162848825
3422:中国古今地名大词典
3249:Qing Shou
3071:Zhengtong
3029:A gateway
2954:Confucius
2936:, and 11
2914:Education
2908:limestone
2888:Confucius
2859:Chongqing
2854:Bìnán Lóu
2784:cypresses
1568:Kong Miao
1546:Geography
1508:Qufu xian
1497:Four Olds
1421:Confucius
1249:Reference
1006:Lingcheng
763:Etymology
673:Confucius
515:kuk1 fau6
480:Chioq-veu
423:Chʻ
269:Time zone
225:Elevation
5895:Feicheng
5825:Zoucheng
5769:Zhucheng
5763:Qingzhou
5700:Zhaoyuan
5605:Dongying
5594:Tengzhou
5472:Jiaozhou
5314:Province
5311:Shandong
4951:Dengfeng
4897:Kulangsu
4761:Archived
4629:Archived
4540:Archived
4465:Archived
4433:Archived
4331:(1867).
4292:Archived
4235:Archived
4075:Archived
4043:cite web
4001:Archived
3975:cite web
3928:Archived
3890:Archived
3851:Archived
3826:Archived
3800:Archived
3740:Archived
3716:Archived
3692:Archived
3640:Archived
3615:Archived
3564:cite web
3525:cite web
3488:, p. 109
3459:Archived
3455:xzqh.org
3401:Archived
3372:Archived
3368:xzqh.org
3288:Zoucheng
3282:Mount Ni
3276:See also
3257:Shou Qiu
3253:tortoise
3055:Zhizheng
2944:Religion
2728:Kǒng Lín
2649:Xìng Tán
2569:Liu Bang
2538:Zoucheng
2532:Monorail
2381:Source:
2334:Percent
2329:2,322.2
2239:Average
2143:(28.31)
2074:Average
1789:(105.8)
1759:(105.8)
1754:(102.9)
1650:Yi River
1648:and the
1646:Si River
1634:Shòu Qiū
1580:Yan Miao
1552:Ming-era
1528:Kiuh Fow
1437:Zhejiang
1388:Jurchens
1381:Shou Qiu
1371:and the
1312:and the
1296:(around
1240:Criteria
1171:Fangshan
783:, and 8
711:Kǒngmiào
681:San Kong
677:Mount Ni
654:Shandong
509:Jyutping
501:Kūk-fauh
389:Bopomofo
191:Shandong
186:Province
6199:Zouping
6181:Binzhou
6145:Linqing
6081:Yucheng
6075:Laoling
5751:Changyi
5717:Weifang
5694:Laizhou
5688:Laiyang
5682:Haiyang
5676:Longkou
5420:Qingdao
5328:capital
5054:Jokhang
5025:Lijiang
4887:Hongcun
4879:in Qufu
4605:4 April
4519:13 July
4497:13 July
4456:中国气象数据网
4241:p. 575.
4133:4 April
4107:May 21,
4081:4 April
4007:p. 575.
3746:4 April
3722:4 April
3698:4 April
3646:4 April
3621:4 April
3603:2646446
3292:Mencius
3087:Zhengde
2978:Gallery
2881:Economy
2836:Kǒng Fǔ
2658:Chinese
2571:of the
2418:Yanzhou
2407:Yanzhou
2138:(0.39)
2133:(1.12)
2128:(1.22)
2123:(2.59)
2118:(6.78)
2113:(7.73)
2108:(3.46)
2103:(2.20)
2098:(1.41)
2093:(0.65)
2088:(0.46)
2083:(0.30)
2059:(10.6)
2054:(28.4)
2049:(44.6)
2044:(54.9)
2039:(61.9)
2034:(52.7)
2029:(39.2)
2024:(28.9)
2019:(14.4)
1999:(50.7)
1994:(28.6)
1989:(39.2)
1984:(52.2)
1979:(64.0)
1974:(73.0)
1969:(74.8)
1964:(69.8)
1959:(61.2)
1954:(50.9)
1949:(39.7)
1944:(30.2)
1939:(25.2)
1929:(58.8)
1924:(35.2)
1919:(46.6)
1914:(60.4)
1909:(72.0)
1904:(79.9)
1899:(81.9)
1894:(79.2)
1889:(70.9)
1884:(60.6)
1879:(48.7)
1874:(38.1)
1869:(32.0)
1859:(68.3)
1854:(44.2)
1849:(56.5)
1844:(71.1)
1839:(81.5)
1834:(88.0)
1829:(90.0)
1824:(88.9)
1819:(80.8)
1814:(70.9)
1809:(58.8)
1804:(48.0)
1799:(41.2)
1784:(65.8)
1779:(78.8)
1774:(96.1)
1769:(97.2)
1764:(98.4)
1749:(98.1)
1744:(90.9)
1739:(81.5)
1734:(73.6)
1729:(61.0)
1663:Climate
1572:Kong Fu
1532:Keuhfow
1474:of the
1398:of the
1383:site).
1377:Shaohao
1310:Wu Geng
1298:Binzhou
1282:Chinese
1264:Session
1205:History
803:Pinyin
730:Kǒnglín
714:), the
693:Chinese
646:Chinese
570:Khik-pū
556:Khek-pu
547:Hokkien
409:Chiufuh
323:Chinese
263:188,000
244:653,000
175:Country
6313:Jining
6057:Dezhou
5951:Rizhao
5940:Rushan
5916:Weihai
5889:Xintai
5871:Tai'an
5796:Jining
5643:Yantai
5478:Pingdu
5137:Xanadu
4885:, and
4869:Temple
4833:Lushan
4695:
4406:
4341:, 388.
4092:磐安孔氏家庙
3985:p. 14.
3920:
3882:
3806:21 May
3792:
3609:
3601:
3486:(2002)
3484:et al.
2930:majors
2923:Rizhao
2906:, and
2871:Taiwan
2676::
2674:pinyin
2660::
2646::
2644:pinyin
2633::
2620::
2541:line.
2422:Rizhao
2326:154.8
2323:160.7
2320:185.0
2317:188.3
2314:201.8
2311:202.5
2308:227.6
2305:251.0
2302:230.6
2299:205.1
2296:158.3
2293:156.5
2069:(0.0)
2064:(5.4)
2014:(7.3)
2009:(0.0)
1680:Month
1618:) and
1591:Muslim
1540:Chufou
1538:, and
1524:Kiu-fu
1504:Pinyin
1433:Quzhou
1331:
1300:) and
1290:Dongyi
1039:Nishan
806:Hanzi
754:UNESCO
749:Kǒngfǔ
708::
706:pinyin
695::
666:Jining
648::
564:Tâi-lô
440:Cyu-fù
395:ㄑㄩ ㄈㄨˋ
341:Postal
291:273100
203:Jining
5984:Linyi
5757:Gaomi
5745:Anqiu
5706:Qixia
5484:Laixi
5347:Jinan
5323:Jinan
5079:North
4977:Yinxu
4053:p. 5.
4028:(PDF)
4021:(PDF)
3960:(PDF)
3953:(PDF)
3607:S2CID
3599:JSTOR
3549:(PDF)
3542:(PDF)
3510:(PDF)
3503:(PDF)
3424:[
3304:Notes
2932:, 25
2610:Stele
2190:71.6
2175:10.5
2172:11.6
2141:719.2
2116:172.3
2111:196.3
2067:−17.8
2062:−14.8
2057:−11.9
2012:−13.7
2007:−17.8
1719:Year
1657:]
1560:Gulou
1536:Kufow
1288:" or
1274:Shang
1178:]
1145:]
1112:]
1105:Xizou
1079:]
1046:]
1013:]
980:]
947:]
940:Wucun
914:]
881:]
848:]
785:towns
662:Jinan
614:*
345:Kufow
274:UTC+8
259:Urban
29:Kufow
6303:Qufu
6230:Heze
6201:city
6147:city
6083:city
6077:city
5942:city
5936:city
5897:city
5891:city
5827:city
5821:city
5819:Qufu
5777:city
5771:city
5765:city
5759:city
5753:city
5747:city
5708:city
5702:city
5696:city
5690:city
5684:city
5678:city
5596:city
5508:Zibo
5486:city
5480:city
5474:city
5104:and
5056:and
5041:and
5032:and
4959:and
4883:Xidi
4875:and
4871:and
4809:East
4728:CCTV
4717:Qufu
4693:ISBN
4607:2018
4521:2021
4499:2021
4473:2023
4441:2023
4404:ISBN
4135:2018
4109:2016
4083:2018
4049:link
3981:link
3936:2020
3918:ISBN
3880:ISBN
3859:2016
3808:2016
3790:ISBN
3748:2018
3724:2018
3700:2018
3648:2018
3623:2018
3570:link
3531:link
3156:Bixi
3095:The
3015:The
2983:The
2900:coal
2820:The
2788:pine
2786:and
2757:Qing
2755:and
2753:Ming
2749:Yuan
2745:Song
2524:and
2428:新石铁路
2420:and
2412:The
2243:(%)
2234:8.2
2231:1.6
2228:0.8
2207:0.1
2204:0.7
2201:2.6
2198:2.4
2187:3.3
2184:4.9
2181:5.2
2178:6.9
2169:7.6
2166:6.2
2163:5.4
2160:3.5
2157:3.7
2154:2.8
2131:28.4
2126:31.0
2121:65.7
2106:87.8
2101:55.9
2096:35.9
2091:16.6
2086:11.8
2052:−2.0
2042:12.7
2037:16.6
2032:11.5
2022:−1.7
2017:−9.8
1997:10.4
1992:−1.9
1982:11.2
1977:17.8
1972:22.8
1967:23.8
1962:21.0
1957:16.2
1952:10.5
1942:−1.0
1937:−3.8
1927:14.9
1912:15.8
1907:22.2
1902:26.6
1897:27.7
1892:26.2
1887:21.6
1882:15.9
1857:20.2
1847:13.6
1842:21.7
1837:27.5
1832:31.1
1827:32.2
1822:31.6
1817:27.1
1812:21.6
1807:14.9
1787:41.0
1782:18.8
1777:26.0
1772:35.6
1767:36.2
1762:36.9
1757:41.0
1752:39.4
1747:36.7
1742:32.7
1737:27.5
1732:23.1
1727:16.1
1716:Dec
1713:Nov
1710:Oct
1707:Sep
1704:Aug
1701:Jul
1698:Jun
1695:May
1692:Apr
1689:Mar
1686:Feb
1683:Jan
1644:The
1585:The
1453:五經博士
1373:tomb
1344:Ming
1294:Pugu
1197:Town
1164:Town
1158:石门山镇
1131:Town
1098:Town
1065:Town
1032:Town
999:Town
966:Town
927:小雪街道
894:时庄街道
861:书院街道
828:鲁城街道
634:Qufu
425:ü-fu
381:Qūfù
301:Qufu
209:Area
121:Qufu
88:Qufu
23:Qufu
5309:of
4339:384
3591:doi
3255:at
2966:孔圣堂
2869:to
2737:axe
2505:).
2376:52
2373:51
2370:53
2367:54
2364:51
2361:49
2358:46
2355:52
2352:58
2349:59
2346:55
2343:51
2340:50
2282:64
2279:65
2276:68
2273:67
2270:71
2267:77
2264:75
2261:60
2258:59
2255:56
2252:53
2249:57
2246:61
2136:9.9
2081:7.6
2047:7.0
2027:4.0
1987:4.0
1947:4.3
1922:1.8
1917:8.1
1877:9.3
1872:3.4
1867:0.0
1852:6.8
1802:8.9
1797:5.1
1492:谭厚兰
1458:孔若古
1435:in
1431:to
1412:).
1409:旧县村
1360:仙源县
1316:in
1278:Yan
1253:704
1191:防山镇
1125:息陬镇
1092:王庄镇
1059:尼山镇
1026:陵城镇
993:姚村镇
960:吴村镇
550:POJ
523:IPA
448:IPA
26:曲阜市
6299::
5100:,
5094:,
5050:,
4953:,
4657:.
4644:^
4623:.
4593:.
4564:.
4463:.
4431:.
4365:40
4363:,
4357:,
4320:^
4185:.
4121:.
4095:.
4073:.
4069:.
4045:}}
4041:{{
3990:^
3977:}}
3973:{{
3926:.
3888:.
3798:.
3738:.
3734:.
3714:.
3710:.
3690:.
3686:.
3638:.
3634:.
3613:.
3605:.
3597:.
3587:55
3585:.
3581:.
3566:}}
3562:{{
3527:}}
3523:{{
3474:^
3453:.
3438:^
3395:.
3366:.
3341:^
3320:.
2968:;
2940:.
2910:.
2902:,
2890:.
2851:;
2833:;
2798:.
2751:,
2747:,
2725:;
2694:.
2682:,
2672:;
2642:;
2629:;
2565:Lu
2225:0
2222:0
2219:0
2216:0
2213:0
2210:0
1655:zh
1631:;
1612:;
1542:.
1534:,
1530:,
1526:,
1522:,
1518:,
1514:,
1478:.
1464:孔傳
1325:c.
1302:Xu
1176:zh
1143:zh
1110:zh
1077:zh
1044:zh
1011:zh
978:zh
945:zh
912:zh
879:zh
846:zh
791:.
771:.
746:;
727:;
704:;
685:三孔
650:曲阜
644:;
465:Wu
331:曲阜
5330:)
5326:(
5299:e
5292:t
5285:v
5257:–
4846:–
4793:e
4786:t
4779:v
4672:.
4638:.
4609:.
4579:.
4549:.
4523:.
4501:.
4475:.
4443:.
4265:.
4220:.
4175:.
4156:.
4137:.
4111:.
4085:.
4062:*
4051:)
4037:.
3983:)
3969:.
3938:.
3899:.
3861:.
3835:.
3810:.
3769:.
3750:.
3726:.
3702:.
3678:.
3662:*
3650:.
3593::
3572:)
3558:.
3533:)
3519:.
3497:*
3468:.
3410:.
3381:.
3335:.
2964:(
2848:楼
2845:难
2842:避
2830:府
2827:孔
2722:林
2719:孔
2669:殿
2666:成
2663:大
2639:壇
2636:杏
2626:坛
2623:杏
1628:丘
1625:寿
1622:(
1609:陵
1606:昊
1603:少
1600:(
1578:(
1566:(
1558:(
1406:(
1266:)
743:府
740:孔
737:(
724:林
721:孔
718:(
701:庙
698:孔
691:(
683:(
636:(
280:)
276:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
