597:. Australian journalists soon bombarded Fraser's office with phone calls asking why he had not applauded the athletes. Various members of the government recommended that Fraser congratulate the swimmers, but the prime minister baulked. When questioned in a radio interview, he said "I hope that circumstances do not arise over the next few years which will cause them to have very great regrets about the fact that they've gone". Fraser relented and late in the night, his office sent a telegram. However, he would not send his message directly to the Olympic village, so the telegram was sent to the Australian Embassy in Moscow. Fraser had ordered the Australian diplomatic mission to close its doors to the Olympians, so the embassy staff had to pass the envelopes containing the message through the fence to Australian Olympic officials. Fraser's telegram said:
547:
Kerry led off in a time faster than his effort in the individual event, but it was still two seconds slower than his personal best. He finished his leg in 57.87 s, leaving
Australia in fourth place. Kuznetsov gave the Soviets the lead after posting a time of 56.81 s, with Hungary and Great Britain in second and third place. France was the last to reach the 100 m mark, recording a time of 58.84 s. Evans then swam a personal best of 63.01 s, the fastest split among the breaststrokers by 0.63 s. His leg moved Australia into second place at the halfway mark, just 0.45 s behind the hosts and roughly half a second ahead of the British and the Hungarians. The four leading teams had broken away, leaving a two-second gap back to the fifth-placed
482:, who came ninth in the 100 m. On paper, Australia's team paled in comparison. Brooks later came seventh in his 100 m freestyle semifinal and 14th overall after having an asthma attack, and Evans was Australia's only medallist in the corresponding individual event, winning bronze in the breaststroke. Kerry had been eliminated in the 100 m backstroke semifinals, while Tonelli was the Australian champion in the 100 m freestyle and backstroke but was swimming as a makeshift butterflyer; the nation did not have an entrant in the 100 m butterfly. Adding to the pressure was Australia's failure to win any gold medals in any sport at the 1976 Olympics. This meant that the public were still awaiting their first gold since the
324:, which was not illegal in Hawaii, while Kerry had been courting a female. In 1980, during the lead-up to the selection of the Olympic team, Brooks walked out of a training camp, alleging that the coaches were neglecting him, while Evans once stopped during a training session and refused to do extra mileage, emphatically proclaiming that "work is a poor substitute for talent". Later in their careers, Evans and Brooks continued to have their clashes with swimming officialdom; Evans over his coaches' demands for more training mileage and Brooks over swimmers' human rights. Brooks was later suspended twice in his career for his clashes with swimming authorities, and expelled from the
343:, and he and sections of the public put significant political pressure on the athletes to join the boycott. Tonelli believed that only the sportspeople would suffer from a boycott and that trade relations would continue unabated. He took a leadership role among the athletes, fighting for their right to compete and publicising their cause to the Australian community. Evans was fully supportive of Tonelli's campaign, reflecting that "We were political tools, and the only ones to suffer would be us." He rhetorically asked: "Do you really think that if we didn't go someone would come up to us after the Games and pat us on the back for not going?"
234:, Great Britain, and Sweden all fielded more decorated swimmers over the component legs of the relay. After the backstroke leg, Australia was in fourth place and more than a second in arrears of the Soviet leaders. However, Evans was the fastest among the breaststrokers and moved the team into second position at the halfway point in the race; and Tonelli, a makeshift butterflyer, completed his leg in a time much faster than his previous best, allowing Australia to keep the Soviet lead reasonable. Australia's anchor swimmer Brooks overtook his more credentialled Soviet counterpart
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364:, who had called the athletes traitors. Shilton expressed sympathy for the athletes, which Tonelli interpreted as condescension. He responded by rolling his eyes and twirling his finger, a gaffe that was shown on national television; Tonelli mistakenly thought that only his voice was being broadcast at the time and that the images were showing something else. Forrest said that "the damage was done—one of our most prominent anti-boycott lobbyists ... looked like a smart alec".
360:, Tonelli adopted populist tactics in championing the athletes' cause. He said that Fraser was sending "wheat to feed the Russian army, wool to clothe the army and Australian metal to make Russian guns", claiming that this contradicted the proposed protest against the invasion and Russian military aggression. Tonelli's anti-authoritarian and individualistic style manifested itself during media appearances, including a news interview in which he debated with Reverend
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away to seal an
Australian victory by 0.22 s. He did not breathe in the last ten metres, and claimed to be laughing for the final five metres, confident that his opponent could not pass him. Brooks had finished his leg in 49.86 s as he had vowed to his teammates. In doing so, he recorded the swiftest freestyle split in the relay, faster than that of the individual 100 m freestyle gold medallist,
501:
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623:, but his abbreviated preparation before the selection trials was not enough and he was defeated by other swimmers. This left Evans and Brooks as the only members of the 1980 team to participate in Australia's medley relay victory at the Commonwealth Games. In 1984, Kerry secured a recall to the team as Australia's preferred backstroker, while Brooks was surpassed by
543:
faster than 51 s. Tonelli named the foursome the "Quietly
Confident Quartet" because they exhibited a reserved self-belief as they lined up for the race. Whereas most of the other teams were "psyching up" in the marshalling area, the Australians were remaining light-hearted and placid, confident that they could perform in the water.
555:
replicated his relay leg in the individual event, he would have claimed the silver medal. Although he lost 0.36 s to
Seredin, he had minimised his loss and Australia were within 0.81 s going into the final leg. Furthermore, the Australians were now more than a second clear of the third-placed Great Britain.
534:
still qualified in second place overall, as they and the
Soviets were more than 1.5 s faster than the third-placed Hungarians. In any case, despite resting all of their first-choice quartet, the home team were still faster than the Australians, who had fielded all but one of their full-strength team.
558:
Brooks then executed a powerful, well-timed dive and surfaced almost even with his Soviet counterpart
Koplyakov. He had drawn level halfway through his leg and made a superior turn to take the lead as they headed home. The Soviet freestyler pulled level with 25 m to go before Brooks again pulled
537:
Evans brashly took the opportunity to attempt to regain the psychological ascendancy from
Goodhew, confronting him privately and stating that "we will win it", later reporting that the Briton was astounded by his posturing. The eldest swimmer in the quartet at the age of 23, Tonelli convened the team
631:
in the medley relay as the
Americans returned to the Olympic fold; Evans and Kerry swam in the final, while Brooks did the freestyle leg in the heats. Evans and Kerry retired after the Olympics, and Brooks was not the first-choice swimmer in 1986, meaning that a totally different quartet competed in
546:
Patching was one of several backstrokers who had slipped on the starting area earlier in the meet, so Kerry decided to rub a sticky red substance onto the soles of his feet. The Soviet organisers had provided a carpet following the incidents, resulting in Kerry leaving red footprints in the stadium.
238:
in the latter half of the final leg to secure a narrow victory. The quartet disbanded after the
Olympics due to Tonelli's retirement, although some of the members continued to be present in the relay team at various times alongside new swimmers. By 1986, all four members of the 1980 team had retired
566:
The time of 3 m 45.70 s sealed
Australia's first win in a medley relay at the Olympics, for men or women. It remains the only time that the United States has not won the men's event. The team made a celebratory dive into the water and did a poolside interview. Tonelli remarked that "I was
554:
Tonelli then swam his leg in 54.94 s, almost two seconds faster than his previous best over the distance. He began to lose ground in the last 50 m and was a bodylength behind Seredin until a late surge brought him to within a metre by the time the swimmers touched the wall. If Tonelli had
533:
swam the backstroke leg in his place. The hosts led the Australians from the start and extended their margin over each of the first three legs. Brooks reclaimed 1.34 s on the freestyle leg, but the Australians fell 0.13 s short to come second in their heat. Nevertheless, the Australians
542:
leader. He asked his compatriots to commit to swimming their legs in a certain time; Kerry vowed to swim the backstroke in 57 s, Evans the breaststroke in 63 s flat, Tonelli the butterfly in 54 s and Brooks promised to anchor the team in 49.8 s, even though he had never gone
528:
The medley relay was scheduled for Thursday, 24 July, the fifth day of swimming competition, with heats in the morning and the final in the evening. Australia's prospects improved when Sweden was disqualified in the first heat. Australia and the Soviet Union swam in the second heat. With their
588:
Relations between the Olympians and the Australian Government remained tense after months of political struggle regarding the boycott. A prime minister would customarily send a congratulatory message to Olympic medallists. However, the Australian Olympic chef de mission
297:
636:
in Edinburgh. Brooks was suspended for drunken behaviour on the flight back to Australia, and then retired, and all four members of the Quietly Confident Quartet had departed the Australian swimming scene. In the leadup to the 2008 Olympics Games in
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289:, a state that had never been prominent in Australian swimming. The team members had some contact prior to their Olympic selection; Brooks' family had billeted Tonelli in 1976 when the Australian Olympic team held a training camp in
227:. The team was seen as an unlikely prospect to win; all four of the swimmers had clashed with swimming authorities over disciplinary issues and three experienced suspension or expulsion from the Australian team during their careers.
346:
Kerry was equally adamant that he was going to compete, unlike some swimmers who decided to make personal boycotts. He received offers from Australian officials to not compete in return for financial payments. He said
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they had won by 4.10 and 3.72 s respectively; their boycott opened up the field in the event. In the five previous times the event had been contested, Australia's best result had come in the inaugural race in
601:
You know I did not and do not approve of Australia being represented at these Olympic Games. I do want to say however that your performance in the relay was a truly great sporting achievement. My personal
223:. The team was nominally led by its oldest member Tonelli, who was 23 and was also a spokesperson for the Australian athletes' campaign for their right to compete at the Olympics against the wishes of the
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614:
The quartet never competed as a unit after the Moscow Olympics. Tonelli retired immediately after the Games, while Kerry took an extended break. The backstroker attempted a comeback in the leadup to the
351:
I felt the biggest statement we could make was to go to Moscow and show the world. If there was a total boycott, fine, but trade was still going on. It was disgusting. Why should the athletes be made to
567:
totally stunned. After all the hassle, and my being the athletes' mouthpiece, we'd come through and done it". Forrest hailed the win as "a gold medal that should never have been".
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finished behind the United States and Germany. The following two Games saw a fourth placing and an elimination in the heats. The previous outing in 1976 in
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superior depth, the home team was able to rest their entire first-choice quartet in the heats. On the other hand, Australia was only willing to rest Kerry—
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335:, which resulted in a boycott of the Games by a large part of the Western world, led by the United States. The Australian Prime Minister
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radio network, ending with "Gold, gold for Australia, gold!", became one of Australia's best-known and most iconic sports commentaries.
1454:
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in discussion about calls for boycotts, Fraser stated his regret in the approach taken with trying to do a boycott of the 1980 games.
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Australia was regarded by swimming analysts as a medal chance, but were not seen as the main threats—Sweden, Great Britain, and the
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The United States had always won the 4 × 100 m medley relay since the event's inception at the Olympics in
325:
435:
had seen Australia come sixth. Kerry was the only veteran of the 1976 relay team who returned to the Olympics in Moscow.
442:
were the most heavily fancied teams. The hosts had the silver medallists in the 100 m backstroke and breaststroke,
340:
308:
The quartet was also marked by rebellious and anti-establishment tendencies. Tonelli and Kerry were expelled from the
230:
Australia had previously won medals in the event, but was not regarded as one of the favourites for the gold, as the
443:
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1918:
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and, through the 2016 Olympics, the Australian victory remains the only occasion the United States has not won
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The rebel qualities of the group were on show in the lead-up to the Olympics. An obstacle arose with the 1979
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in Munich. Coming into the Olympics, Australia was ranked seventh out of the thirteen competing countries.
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out-touched Japan to claim silver. The only other time that Australia had won a medal was in Tokyo in
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confirmed at the following day's press conference that the quartet had not received a message from
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would win silver in the 100 m a few days later. Their weakest swimmer was the breaststroker
313:
282:
217:
210:
114:
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1961:
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1386:
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224:
1413:
273:, who turned 21 a month after the Olympics. Both were attending their second Olympics, while
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864:
467:
455:
447:
400:
235:
110:
84:
500:
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451:
180:
98:
16:
Australian medley relay swimming team who won the gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics
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2012:
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917:"Swimming at the 1968 Ciudad de México Summer Games: Men's 4 × 100 metres Medley Relay"
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2008:
1973:
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320:, Canada for the competition; Tonelli had been out drinking and admitted to smoking
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1981:
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for violating a curfew during a training camp in Hawaii before the team's trip to
296:
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in Moscow. The United States boycotted the Moscow Olympics in protest against the
382:
with comfortable margins. The closest winning buffer was 2.6 seconds and in
293:. Brooks cited his experience with Tonelli as a motivating factor in his career.
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1985:
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969:"Swimming at the 1976 Montréal Summer Games: Men's 4 × 100 metres Medley Relay"
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943:"Swimming at the 1972 München Summer Games: Men's 4 × 100 metres Medley Relay"
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521:
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was the self-given name of the Australian men's 4 × 100 metres
102:
37:
1118:"Swimming at the 1980 Moskva Summer Games: Men's 4 × 100 metres Medley Relay"
458:
later came fourth in the corresponding 100 m event. The British boasted
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891:"Swimming at the 1964 Tokyo Summer Games: Men's 4 × 100 metres Medley Relay"
321:
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861:"Swimming at the 1960 Roma Summer Games: Men's 4 × 100 metres Medley Relay"
606:
Coles reported that the relay squad tore up the prime minister's message.
466:, who had placed fifth in the 100 m backstroke. Sweden's butterflyer
265:
The Australian team for the event was a young and inexperienced foursome.
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1013:"Swimming at the 1980 Moskva Summer Games: Men's 100 metres Breaststroke"
620:
432:
317:
1517:
Swimming at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay
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Swimming at the 1980 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100-metre medley relay
474:
had won their respective 100 m events and their freestyle swimmer
281:
were 18 and 17 respectively and had never represented Australia at the
1051:"Swimming at the 1980 Moskva Summer Games: Men's 100 metres Freestyle"
504:
The "Quietly Confident Quartet" pictured after the team's win at the
304:(pictured) pressured the Australian athletes to boycott the Olympics.
1165:"Overview Gold Gold Gold: 4 x 100 Metres Men's Medley Relay (1980)"
499:
295:
285:, World Championship or Olympic level. Evans and Brooks were from
392:
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had come fifth in his 100 m event. Their freestyler
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as the leading freestyler. Australia came third in the
195:
since its inception in 1960. The quartet consisted of
124:
94:
80:
75:
59:
33:
28:
462:, the 100 m breaststroke gold medallist, and
1559:Olympic champions in men's 4 × 100 m medley relay
1432:"Mark Tonelli – Dual Olympian and Gold Medalist"
148:
1406:Tougher than nails: swimming through turbulence
599:
349:
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1462:
269:was the oldest at the age of 23, followed by
8:
21:
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1528:
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132:
20:
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1108:
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1102:
2331:Nicknamed groups of Olympic competitors
1355:. Albion, Queensland: Brooks Waterloo.
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356:According to women's swimming captain
846:
844:
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840:
7:
2326:Swimmers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
2321:Olympic gold medalists for Australia
1266:"Games boycott wrong policy: Fraser"
1036:
1034:
576:'s dramatic call of the race on the
450:respectively, and their butterflyer
374:Swimming at the 1980 Summer Olympics
183:team that won the gold medal at the
1311:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
750:
748:
746:
1120:. Sports Reference. Archived from
1053:. Sports Reference. Archived from
1015:. Sports Reference. Archived from
971:. Sports Reference. Archived from
945:. Sports Reference. Archived from
919:. Sports Reference. Archived from
893:. Sports Reference. Archived from
14:
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2002:
1955:
1904:
1853:
1818:
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1608:
1573:
731:Talbot, Heads and Berry, p. 124.
239:from international competition.
147:
64:
2316:Australian male medley swimmers
1330:Australia and the Olympic Games
2311:Olympic swimmers for Australia
1412:. Mark Tonelli. Archived from
1284:Australia at the Olympic Games
368:Event history and expectations
333:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
189:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
1:
1381:. South Melbourne, Victoria:
326:Australian Institute of Sport
1379:Talbot: Nothing But the Best
341:Australian Olympic Committee
1309:. Sydney, New South Wales:
1286:. Sydney, New South Wales:
850:Forrest, pp. 163–164.
754:Andrews, pp. 440–441.
339:was also the patron of the
23:"Quietly Confident Quartet"
2352:
1208:. 26 July 1980. p. 1.
1167:. Australian Screen Online
493:
371:
300:Australian Prime Minister
246:
193:the event at Olympic level
1565:
1512:
1484:
1478:Quietly Confident Quartet
1282:Andrews, Malcolm (2000).
674:Tonelli, pp. 83–86.
314:Australian Swimming Union
177:Quietly Confident Quartet
139:
135:
120:
90:
1334:University of Queensland
1332:. St Lucia, Queensland:
632:the medley relay at the
634:1986 Commonwealth Games
617:1982 Commonwealth Games
310:1978 Commonwealth Games
1328:Gordon, Harry (1994).
1305:Forrest, Lisa (2008).
1202:"Late bravo from PM".
604:
525:
354:
305:
162:4 × 100 m medley relay
503:
299:
181:medley relay swimming
1351:Howell, Max (1986).
629:1984 Summer Olympics
506:1980 Moscow Olympics
484:1972 Summer Olympics
395:, where the team of
185:1980 Summer Olympics
29:Personal information
584:Government reaction
25:
2088:Garrett Weber-Gale
1443:Video of the race.
526:
328:for indiscipline.
306:
60:National team
2296:
2295:
2025:Lenny Krayzelburg
1962:Lenny Krayzelburg
1829:Richard Schroeder
1697:Jerry Heidenreich
1525:
1524:
1320:978-0-7333-2295-2
563:of East Germany.
287:Western Australia
225:Fraser government
173:
172:
167:
166:
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2289:
2261:
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2250:
2229:Hunter Armstrong
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1419:on 14 July 2011.
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1268:. 19 March 2008.
1262:
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1244:
1233:
1232:Forrest, p. 214.
1230:
1219:
1218:Forrest, p. 202.
1216:
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1209:
1199:
1193:
1192:Forrest, p. 213.
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1174:
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1155:
1152:
1143:
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1133:
1131:
1129:
1124:on 17 April 2020
1114:
1097:
1096:Forrest, p. 212.
1094:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1075:Andrews, p. 148.
1073:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1057:on 17 April 2020
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923:on 17 April 2020
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904:
902:
897:on 17 April 2020
887:
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876:
871:on 17 April 2020
867:. Archived from
865:Sports Reference
857:
851:
848:
835:
832:
823:
822:Forrest, p. xiv.
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723:
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675:
672:
666:
663:
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602:congratulations.
470:and backstroker
456:Sergey Koplyakov
448:Arsens Miskarovs
444:Viktor Kuznetsov
401:Terry Gathercole
236:Sergey Koplyakov
158:
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68:
67:
26:
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2003:
1989:
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1794:Steve Lundquist
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2013:Brendan Hansen
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468:Pär Arvidsson
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2182:Kevin Cordes
2139:Cullen Jones
2135:Tyler McGill
2111:Matt Grevers
2076:Matt Grevers
1982:Tommy Hannan
1837:Chris Jacobs
1802:Rowdy Gaines
1763:Mark Tonelli
1724:John Hencken
1658:Doug Russell
1654:Don McKenzie
1623:Fred Schmidt
1592:Jeff Farrell
1588:Lance Larson
1499:Mark Tonelli
1477:
1435:. Retrieved
1414:the original
1405:
1378:
1375:Berry, Kevin
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869:the original
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571:Sportscaster
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518:Mark Tonelli
476:Per Holmertz
464:Gary Abraham
440:Soviet Union
437:
397:David Theile
377:
358:Lisa Forrest
355:
350:
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330:
312:team by the
307:
283:Commonwealth
267:Mark Tonelli
264:
249:Mark Tonelli
232:Soviet Union
229:
214:Mark Tonelli
176:
174:
128:Medal record
107:breaststroke
48:Mark Tonelli
18:
2268:Qin Haiyang
2237:Tom Shields
2213:Ryan Murphy
2186:Tom Shields
2166:Cody Miller
2162:Ryan Murphy
2127:Nick Thoman
2084:Ian Crocker
2072:Jason Lezak
2037:Neil Walker
2021:Jason Lezak
2017:Ian Crocker
1986:Jason Lezak
1978:Neil Walker
1970:Ian Crocker
1935:John Hargis
1915:Jeremy Linn
1888:Matt Biondi
1880:Hans Dersch
1833:Matt Biondi
1767:Neil Brooks
1759:Peter Evans
1627:Steve Clark
1504:Neil Brooks
1494:Peter Evans
1371:Talbot, Don
1353:Aussie Gold
1128:1 September
1061:1 September
1023:1 September
979:1 September
953:1 September
927:1 September
901:1 September
875:1 September
561:Jörg Woithe
514:Neil Brooks
510:Peter Evans
472:Bengt Baron
425:Kevin Berry
421:Ian O'Brien
279:Neil Brooks
275:Peter Evans
261:Neil Brooks
257:Peter Evans
221:Neil Brooks
211:butterflyer
207:Peter Evans
197:backstroker
156:1980 Moscow
55:(freestyle)
53:Neil Brooks
43:Peter Evans
2305:Categories
2276:Pan Zhanle
2272:Sun Jiajun
2225:Zach Apple
1931:Kurt Grote
1927:Josh Davis
1911:Jeff Rouse
1860:Jeff Rouse
1790:Rick Carey
1755:Mark Kerry
1728:Matt Vogel
1720:John Naber
1693:Mark Spitz
1685:Mike Stamm
1619:Bill Craig
1489:Mark Kerry
1276:References
591:Phil Coles
574:Norman May
522:Mark Kerry
372:See also:
271:Mark Kerry
253:Mark Kerry
218:freestyler
200:Mark Kerry
103:backstroke
38:Mark Kerry
1872:Jon Olsen
1689:Tom Bruce
1662:Ken Walsh
1584:Paul Hait
1288:ABC Books
610:Aftermath
322:marijuana
243:Personnel
115:freestyle
111:butterfly
71:Australia
2336:Quartets
2264:Xu Jiayu
1966:Ed Moses
1437:11 March
1403:(2008).
1377:(2003).
1171:11 March
621:Brisbane
540:de facto
433:Montreal
318:Edmonton
85:Swimming
1383:Lothian
1307:Boycott
1205:The Age
639:Beijing
538:as its
415:, when
352:suffer?
101:relay:
95:Strokes
2282:
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2243:
2211:
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2090:
2058:
2039:
2007:
1988:
1960:
1941:
1909:
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1294:
520:, and
427:, and
407:, and
259:, and
216:, and
99:Medley
69:
1417:(PDF)
1410:(PDF)
645:Notes
291:Perth
81:Sport
76:Sport
2254:2024
2203:2020
2152:2016
2101:2012
2050:2008
1999:2004
1952:2000
1901:1996
1850:1992
1815:1988
1780:1984
1745:1980
1710:1976
1675:1972
1640:1968
1605:1964
1570:1960
1439:2016
1387:ISBN
1357:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1315:ISBN
1292:ISBN
1173:2016
1130:2008
1063:2008
1025:2008
981:2008
955:2008
929:2008
903:2008
877:2008
490:Race
446:and
413:1964
393:Rome
388:1976
386:and
384:1972
380:1960
277:and
175:The
2286:CHN
2247:USA
2196:USA
2145:USA
2094:USA
2043:USA
1992:USA
1945:USA
1894:USA
1843:USA
1808:USA
1773:AUS
1738:USA
1703:USA
1668:USA
1633:USA
1598:USA
619:in
578:2UE
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2027:,
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2019:,
2015:,
2011:,
2001::
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1980:,
1976:,
1972:,
1968:,
1964:,
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1385:.
1373:;
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1237:^
1223:^
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863:.
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2096:)
2092:(
2045:)
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1994:)
1990:(
1947:)
1943:(
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1806:(
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1736:(
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931:.
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879:.
524:.
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