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263:, with several halls in the Palace. It took Qalawun half a decade to construct his monument after he consolidated his rule and fought off the Mongols in Syria. The structure is situated in the heart of Cairo, on the prestigious Bayn al-Qasrayn street, and has been a center for important Islamic religious and court ceremonies and rituals for centuries, stretching from the Mamluk dynasty through the Ottoman Empire.
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acquired properties and forcibly evicted their inhabitants to complete the complex. The means by which this complex was built even caused some religious scholars to call for the boycotting of such complexes. Despite the controversy surrounding its construction, after its completion, the complex was considered one of the most beautiful buildings at that time, where it included a school (
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466:. The windows of this complex are open and grilled which allows prayers and Quranic recitations to be heard from the building throughout the day. The façades of the madrasa and mausoleum are further connected by a gilded inscription of the complex's founder and important dates in the building's inauguration and completion.
513:. The mausoleum consists of a great rectangle that includes four piers and four columns, arranged so as to form an octagon on which rests a high drum surmounted by a dome. The axis of the mausoleum corresponds with the wide bay nearest the entrance which frames one window only and the lower part corresponds with the back of the
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panels on each side and three smaller central arches that contain two tiers of windows. The façade of the madrasa that leads to the courtyard contains a central arch divided into two stories of three consecutive arches, of which the central arch was the largest. Though three oculi originally existed
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history of Cairo's monuments, he reports that construction of the complex was completed by the forced labor of builders, passers-by in the area, and Mongol prisoners of war, all of which reportedly were subject to "brutal abuse." In addition to employing brutal labor practices, Sanjar also illegally
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The funerary complex of Sultan al-Mansur Sayf al-Din
Qalawun, including both madrasa and mausoleum reportedly took 13 months to build, and was under construction from 1284 to August 1285. This fact is remarkable considering the size and scope of the complex. The hospital took less than six months to
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The mausoleum and madrasa are across each other in a corridor while the hospital is situated at the end of this corridor, which leads to a rectangular court. Several iwans exist within the complex in this courtyard and in the hospital's courtyard. The walls of the interior are decorated with marble
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Though not visible from the street the hospital once stood as the most lavish and impressive hospital of its time. The hospital functioned for over 500 years, and was treating patients through the late
Ottoman period before it was demolished in 1910. The hospital offered many amenities to the sick
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The mihrab of the madrasa has a horse-shoe arch similar to the mausoleum but is smaller and less elaborate than that of the mausoleum and its conch is marked with glass mosaics and mother-of-pearl, rather than marble mosaics. The deep red color used in the mosaics stands out. The mosaic contains a
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The
Mausoleum of Qalawun is significant because its dome served as a ceremonial center for the investing of new emirs. The dome became a symbol of new power, a changing of the guard, thus signifying a new center of Mamluk power, which enjoyed great prosperity from the 13th to 16th centuries. The
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three-story minaret, uniquely placed near the entrance of the building, has a papyrus cornice that harkens back to rule of the
Pharaohs, serving to legitimize Mamluk rule. The 67-meter long façade of the complex displays similarities to Gothic or Crusader styles. The façade was constructed using
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This complex is one of many Mamluk buildings that made Cairo a flourishing metropolis in the 13th through 16th centuries. It is one of many pious complexes (fully-integrated multifunctional complexes often centered around the tomb of religious figures or patrons that included
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molding. A meter above the columns is a band of inscriptions dating when EmĪr Gamāl ad-Dīn Aqqūsh was named director of the
Hospital. Each pier on the southwestern side of the mausoleum is decorated to match the pier opposite of itself. Above the columns capitals runs a
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Coste worked at the complex from July 1817 as an infrastructure expert hired by
Muhammad Ali. As identified by Eva-Maria Troelenberg, Coste's drawings sought to adjust and define the angles of the structure to reimagine the building as a modernized urban space.
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of the mausoleum is often considered as the most lavish of its kind. This is in contrast to the mihrab of the madrasa, which is less grand in size and general aesthetics. The mihrab's horseshoe profile is flanked by the three columns made of marble.
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and poor in addition to medical treatment, including drugs, shelter, food, and clothing. Information about production of drugs for medical treatment, research, and teaching that occurred within the hospital have been gleaned from a
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were rooms, some of which were sick wards, latrines, store rooms, and mortuaries. The largest iwan was decorated with a band of stucco ornament similar to those of the mosque of
Baybars and mausoleum of Mustafā Pasha.
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has his own observations regarding the history of the hospital. According to
Maqrizi, Sultan Qalā'ūn received inspiration to build the Hospital as a result of a vow which he had taken when he was ill in the
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document. On the east side of the madrasa are three stories of student cells, the upper stories are available through a staircase. The large courtyard of the madrasa was paved with polychrome marble.
308:ʿAlam ad-Dīn Sanǧar aš-Šuǧāʿī al-Manṣūrī), whose speedy completion of this massive project through illicit methods resulted in controversy and enduring negative associations with the monument. In
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in
Damascus, after which vowed to copy it. The original entrance was a L-shaped corridor which divided the mausoleum from the madrasa which measured about 21 by 33 meters. Drawings by
325:) and a mausoleum, with an intricate dome. Historians claim that the columns holding the mausoleum structure were made of granite, marble, and other materials that were taken from
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The complex consists of a tomb, madrasa, mosque, and a hospital, arranged on either side of a long, central corridor. Upon entering through a slight, horseshoe-arched portal, the
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naturalistic and scrolling decoration unlike the mihrab of the mausoleum which features geometric mosaic. The use of glass mosaics points to the
Umayyad tradition as seen in the
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wall of both the mausoleum and the prayer iwan are both next to the street. The hospital is not visible from the alley since it is located at the rear of the long passage.
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complete, the mausoleum and madrasa each taking about four months. The building project was supervised by emir ‘Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Shuja‘i al-Mansuri (
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that come together to enclose single windows. The building's entrance portal consists of a rounded arch that encloses a pointed arch with
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and other buildings) that served many purposes including exalting the patron through displays of their wealth, piety, and legitimacy.
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The madrasa façade includes a continuation of the red and gold inscription found on the façade of the mausoleum. There are two tall,
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603:; the revival of this medium during this period in Cairo serves to legitimize the Mamluk sultan's rule within an Islamic history.
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on the façade, only one remains today. This entire arch structure is accompanied by three stories of smaller arches on each side.
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mosaic and carved stucco while the ceilings are decorated with painted and gilded wooden coffers. The floors are decorated with
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above and is covered in a wooden ceiling, making the monument's lighting rather dark. The mausoleum, which houses the bodies of
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555:. However, the Committee for reservation of Arab monuments built another dome to replace Abdul-Rahman Katkhuda's dome in 1908.
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927:. Doris Behrens-Abouseif, University of London. School of Oriental and African Studies. Goettingen: V & R unipress. 2012.
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333:. The complex was built in three stages, where the Hospital was finished first, the Mausoleum and then finally the school.
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462:. The oculus and coupled window are elements echoed in the mausoleum's entrance portal, which is decorated with masterful
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between 1815 and 1825 show that the building was planned on two axes at right angles to each other. Four
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Troelenberg, Eva-Maria (2015). "Drawing Knowledge, (Re-)Constructing History: Pascal Coste in Egypt".
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Mamluk history through architecture : monuments, culture and politics in medieval Egypt and Syria
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arranged around an open court with a pool in the center. The long passage that follows supports the
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Power and patronage in medieval Syria : the architecture and urban works of Tankiz al-Nāṣirī
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Tomb -- Memory -- Space : Concepts of Representation in Premodern Christian and Islamic Art
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Doris Behrens-Abouseif: Cairo of the Mamluks. London 2007 pag. 132–142, ISBN 978-1-84511-549-4
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872:. Kathryn Blair Moore, Hasan-Uddin Khan, Abeer Hussam Eddin Allaham. Turnhout, Belgium. 2022.
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Carved stucco, marble mosaic, and gilded wooden coffers in the Qalawun complex's interior.
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of Islamic law were regularly taught. Other teachings housed in the madrasa included the
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Al-Pasha, H., Mawsu'at al-'Emara wa al-Athar wa al-Funun al-Islamiya , Cairo, 1999.
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686:(7th ed.). Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. pp. 219–224.
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Architecture arabe: ou Monuments du Kaire, mesurés et dessinés, de 1818 à 1825.
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Following an earthquake in 1302 that destroyed many structures in Cairo,
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The exterior structure of the Qalawun complex has many unique firsts in
783:. Francine Giese, Markus Thome, Anna Pawlak. Berlin: De Gruyter. 2018.
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projects into the street, asserting the prominence of the complex. The
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The arts of the Mamluks in Egypt and Syria : evolution and impact
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Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of the Architecture and Its Culture
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Cairo of the Mamluks: A History of the Architecture and Its Culture
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Madrasa mihrab with naturalistic, glass and mother-of-pearl mosaic.
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299:عَلَمُ الدِّينِ سَنْجَرُ الشُّجَاعِيُّ المَنْصُورِيُّ
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with geometric motifs, and a grilled double window with an
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and like many other pious complexes includes a hospital (
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Madrasa of Amir Sunqur Sa'di (Mausoleum of Hasan Sadaqa)
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documents from the time. The Medieval Islamic historian
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inscription in large raised letters made of stucco. The
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Within the madrasa the four legal schools, or the four
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Facade of Sultan Qalawun's complex on al-Muizz Street
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used the complex as one of his sources for his book
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The Qalawun Complex was built over the ruins of the
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Mausoleum of Hasan Sadaqa (Madrasa of Sunqur Sa'di)
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579:and the teaching of medicine. The madrasa had two
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View of minaret and grilled windows from the façade
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1079:A bibliography of the Muslim architecture of Egypt
583:and two recesses as evidenced by the accompanying
1750:Madrasa-Mausoleum of as-Salih Najm ad-Din Ayyubb
1128:. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
746:. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
2311:Mosque and Mausoleum of Amir Ahmad al-Mihmandar
2073:Madrasa-Mausoleum of as-Salih Najm ad-Din Ayyub
684:Islamic Monuments in Cairo: The Practical Guide
633:were located in the hospital. Between the four
551:Abdul-Rahman Katkhuda and was then rebuilt in
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1695:
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1082:. Institut Francais d'Archéologie Orientale.
1038:International Journal of Islamic Architecture
46:View of Qalawun's complex on al-Muizz street.
8:
1825:Mausoleum of Abdullah ibn Ali Zayn al-Abidin
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34:Funerary Complex of Sultan al-Mansur Qalawun
1186:Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures
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521:capitals and above them runs a continuous
505:The mausoleum houses the bodies of Sultan
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2563:Hospitals established in the 13th century
2493:Qasaba of Radwan Bey (Tentmakers' Street)
2215:Qasaba of Radwan Bey (Tentmakers' Street)
2149:Wikala and Sabil-Kuttab of Sultan Qaytbay
2103:Mosque-Sabil of Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar
1570:Mosque-Sabil of Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar
1181:Al-Ahram Weekly | Features | Thoroughfare
329:(Qalawun's master) palace and citadel in
440:blocks and consists of varying sizes of
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543:mausoleum's dome was demolished by the
2356:Mosque of Qaytbay (at Qal'at al-Kabsh)
2083:Mosque of Amir Jamal al-Din al-Ustadar
1535:Mosque of Qaytbay (at Qal'at al-Kabsh)
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218:from 1284 to 1285. It is located at
2063:Khanqah-Mausoleum of Sultan Barsbay
2038:Complex of Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay
1805:Khanqah-Mausoleum of Sultan Barsbay
1465:Khanqah-Mausoleum of Sultan Barsbay
1405:Amir Jamal al-Din al-Ustadar Mosque
869:The religious architecture of Islam
298:
203:
1780:Mausoleum of Shams ad-Din Aqsunqur
1485:Mosque of Amir al-Sayf Sarghatmish
25:
2432:Egyptian National Military Museum
2401:Tomb of Salar and Sangar-al-Gawli
1820:Tomb of Salar and Sangar-al-Gawli
255:Historical context and background
2266:Madrasa of Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban
2224:Mosques and religious structures
2176:
1980:Mosques and religious structures
1965:al-Muizz Street (Qasabah Street)
1858:
1795:Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay Complex
1301:
1292:
1286:
1124:Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2007).
742:Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2007).
206:) is a massive pious complex in
2376:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hassan
2316:Mosque of Amir Qijmas al-Ishaqi
2296:Mausoleum of Tarabay al-Sharifi
2098:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Barquq
1835:Mausoleum of Tarabay al-Sharifi
1616:Egypt’s Islamic Cultural Center
1560:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Barquq
1435:Egypt’s Islamic Cultural Center
1191:Sultan Qala'un Funerary Complex
55:
2351:Mosque of Qanibay al-Muhammadi
2331:Mosque of Khushqadam el-Ahmadi
2241:Amir Khayrbak Funerary Complex
1745:Mausoleum of al-Nasir Muhammad
1720:Amir Khayrbak Funerary Complex
1565:Mosque-Madrasa of Sultan Hasan
1530:Mosque of Qanibay al-Muhammadi
1515:Mosque of Khushqadam el-Ahmadi
1076:Creswell, K. A. C. (1952–59).
501:Mihrab of Qalawun's mausoleum.
1:
2301:Mosque and Khanqah of Shaykhu
2246:Aqsunqur Mosque (Blue Mosque)
2008:Mosque of Almalik al-Jukandar
1490:Mosque and Khanqah of Shaykhu
27:Pious complex in Cairo, Egypt
2543:Mamluk architecture in Cairo
2533:Tourist attractions in Cairo
2286:Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi'i
2068:Madrasa of al-Nasir Muhammad
2013:Madrasa of Tatar al-Hijaziya
1815:Tomb of Antony and Cleopatra
1760:Mausoleum of Imam al-Shafi'i
1755:Mausoleum of Hussain ibn Ali
1545:Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad
1410:Amir Qijmas al-Ishaqi Mosque
1273:Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi Mosque
291:Construction and Controversy
188:Brick, stone, marble, stucco
2321:Mosque of Aslam al-Silahdar
2088:Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad
2058:Khanqah of Faraj ibn Barquq
1800:Khanqah of Faraj ibn Barquq
1785:Mausoleum of Sultan Qalawun
1775:Mausoleum of Sayyida Nafisa
1510:Mosque of Aslam al-Silahdar
1505:Mosque of Amir al-Maridani
1460:Khanqah of Faraj ibn Barquq
682:Williams, Caroline (2018).
2584:
2306:Mosque of Amir al-Maridani
2281:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
2271:Madrasa of Uljay al-Yusufi
2043:Complex of Sultan al-Ghuri
1770:Mausoleum of Sayyida Aisha
1765:Mausoleum of Saad Zaghloul
1735:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya
1500:Mosque of al-Zahir Baybars
982:Rabbat, Nasser O. (2010).
2336:Mosque of Mahmud al-Kurdi
2174:
2048:Complex of Sultan Qalawun
2028:Church of the Virgin Mary
1856:
1715:
1654:
1641:Ibrahim El Desouki Mosque
1621:Al-Fattah al-Aleem Mosque
1440:Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque
1400:Al-Sayyidah Zainab Mosque
1395:Al-Sayeda Nafeesah Mosque
1380:Al-Rahman al-Rahim Mosque
1284:
1142:Kenney, Ellen V. (1963).
653:List of mosques in Africa
427:. The prayer hall of the
383:is to the left with four
39:
2371:Mosque of Ulmas al-Hajib
2361:Mosque of Sulayman Pasha
2291:Mausoleum of Amir Qawsun
2231:Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque
2164:Wikala of Sultan Qaytbay
2144:Sabil-Kuttab of Katkhuda
2033:Complex of Amir Qurqumas
1944:Gates of Khan al-Khalili
1830:Mausoleum of Amir Qawsun
1555:Mosque of Ulmas al-Hajib
1370:Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque
658:List of mosques in Egypt
623:Bimaristan of Nur ad-Din
401:madrasa of Sultan Barquq
2498:Sabil-Kuttab of Qaytbay
2483:Maristan of al-Mu'ayyad
2078:Mosque of Abu al-Dhahab
1810:Sultan al-Ghuri Complex
1790:Shrine of Imam Shadhili
1600:Sultan al-Ghuri Complex
1585:Rabaa al-Adawiya Mosque
1495:Mosque of Abu al-Dhahab
1415:Mosque of Amr ibn al-As
1214:30.049528°N 31.260972°E
2473:Cairo Citadel Aqueduct
2391:Sayyidah Zainab Mosque
2386:Sayeda Nafeesah Mosque
2341:Mosque of Muhammad Ali
2261:Madrasa of Sarghatmish
2018:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
1730:Madrasa of Sarghatmish
1631:Ahmad al-Badawi Mosque
1550:Mosque of Taghribirdi
1520:Mosque of Muhammad Ali
1480:Mahmud al-Kurdi Mosque
1390:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque
955:: CS1 maint: others (
811:: CS1 maint: others (
568:
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261:Fatimid Western Palace
2568:13th-century madrasas
2458:Bayt al-Razzaz Palace
2437:Gayer-Anderson Museum
2366:Mosque of Taghribirdi
2134:Hammam of Sultan Inal
2053:Khanqah of Baybars II
1740:Mausoleum of Aga Khan
1725:Emir Qurqumas Complex
1595:Sulayman Pasha Mosque
1540:Mosque of Sinan Pasha
1450:Jami al-Qarafa Mosque
904:) CS1 maint: others (
566:
500:
477:
442:pointed-arched panels
418:
347:Abdul-Rahman Katkhuda
285:
271:or funerary complexes
2396:Sultaniyya Mausoleum
1850:Sultaniyya Mausoleum
1590:Sayeda Aisha Mosque
1219:30.049528; 31.260972
553:Ottoman architecture
142:Islamic architecture
2553:Mausoleums in Cairo
2523:Mausoleums in Egypt
2453:Amir Alin Aq Palace
2381:Sayeda Aisha Mosque
2326:Mosque of Ibn Tulun
2200:Salah al-Din Square
1992:Al-Azhar University
1710:Mausoleums in Egypt
1365:Al-Mahmoudia Mosque
1210: /
517:. The columns have
425:Mamluk architecture
244:Mamluk architecture
18:Qala'un Mosque
2346:Mosque of Qani-Bay
2154:Wikala of al-Ghuri
1669:Mosques by country
1525:Mosque of Qani-Bay
1345:Al-Burdayni Mosque
1330:Abu al-'Ila Mosque
569:
503:
480:
421:
288:
214:, built by Sultan
2548:Madrasas in Egypt
2510:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2488:Palace of Yashbak
2417:Al-Gawhara Palace
2172:
2171:
2003:Al-Hussein Mosque
1867:
1866:
1677:
1676:
1626:Abu Haggag Mosque
1360:Al-Hussein Mosque
1155:978-0-9708199-4-9
995:978-1-78673-386-3
934:978-3-89971-915-4
879:978-2-503-58935-0
790:978-3-11-051610-4
511:al-Nasir Mohammed
381:cruciform madrasa
343:al-Nasir Muhammad
307:
216:al-Mansur Qalawun
192:
191:
74:al-Mansur Qalawun
16:(Redirected from
2575:
2236:Al-Rifa'i Mosque
2210:Al-Darb al-Ahmar
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2159:Wikala of Qawsun
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1646:Sidi Arif Mosque
1445:Ibn Tulun Mosque
1430:Demerdash Mosque
1385:Al-Rifa'i Mosque
1335:Al-Ashraf Mosque
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688:
687:
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648:Lists of mosques
601:Dome of the Rock
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224:al-Mu'izz street
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81:Year consecrated
44:
35:
30:
21:
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2427:Carriage Museum
2422:Amir Taz Palace
2405:
2219:
2181:
2168:
2139:Khan el-Khalili
2124:Bayt al-Suhaymi
2107:
1998:Al-Hakim Mosque
1988:Al-Azhar Mosque
1974:
1970:Bayn al-Qasrayn
1953:
1924:Bab al-Barqiyya
1903:
1898:
1868:
1863:
1854:
1711:
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1678:
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1636:El-Tabia Mosque
1604:
1580:Qaytbay Mosque
1470:Khayrbak Mosque
1425:Aqsunqur Mosque
1355:Al-Hakim Mosque
1340:Al-Azhar Mosque
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1314:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1291:
1282:
1278:Attarine Mosque
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1350:Al-Fath Mosque
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1901:Islamic Cairo
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2538:Muizz Street
2256:Lulua Mosque
2193:Main streets
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2023:Aqmar Mosque
1958:Main streets
1939:Bab al-Wazir
1929:Bab al-Futuh
1784:
1609:Other places
1574:
1475:Lulua Mosque
1420:Aqmar Mosque
1309:Egypt portal
1195:
1144:
1125:
1078:
1041:
1037:
984:
965:
923:
868:
779:
743:
683:
627:Pascal Coste
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607:The hospital
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592:pointed-arch
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570:
541:
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486:opus sectile
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481:
445:
432:
428:
422:
378:
362:
359:Pascal Coste
356:
353:19th century
340:
337:Restorations
320:
314:
310:al-Maqrīzī's
294:
272:
268:
265:
258:
195:
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109:Architecture
2558:Bimaristans
1949:Bab Zuweila
1934:Bāb al-Naşr
1217: /
559:The madrasa
370:Description
331:Roda Island
58:Affiliation
2517:Categories
1990:(see also
1266:Alexandria
1205:31°15′39″E
1202:30°02′58″N
1004:1021883137
988:. London.
888:1274120320
799:1033633809
664:References
618:al-Maqrizi
519:Corinthian
357:Architect
327:al-Salih's
322:bimaristan
305:romanised:
228:bimaristan
204:مجمع قلاون
126:Bimaristan
69:Leadership
1320:Cairo and
1164:301948969
1012:cite book
951:cite book
943:775065886
896:cite book
807:cite book
456:spandrels
452:voussoirs
450:-striped
433:madrasa's
236:mausoleum
184:Materials
148:Completed
122:Mausoleum
1659:Category
1088:43556580
642:See also
573:madhhabs
470:Interior
411:Exterior
397:al-Nasir
375:Overview
275:khanqahs
118:Madrassa
95:Location
90:Location
52:Religion
2410:Museums
545:Ottoman
507:Qalawun
429:madrasa
389:minaret
316:madrasa
250:History
242:and of
232:madrasa
173:Minaret
72:Sultan
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269:turbas
200:Arabic
138:Mamluk
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635:iwans
631:iwans
581:iwans
549:Egypt
447:ablaq
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385:iwans
230:), a
212:Egypt
208:Cairo
133:Style
103:Egypt
99:Cairo
63:Islam
1160:OCLC
1150:ISBN
1084:OCLC
1018:link
1000:OCLC
990:ISBN
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