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government had demolished the town of
Qalladze and it is said that more than 132 children and students alone were killed during the attacks, with over 400 Kurds injured or missing. Although the exact number of victims is unclear, some estimate that over 350 people, including students and teachers died. Two days after the Iraqi government's first airstrike on the Kurds, attentions were turned to the town of Halabja – the second victim of Saddam Hussein's airstrikes.
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Qaladiza's history is a testament to the resilience and endurance of its people. From ancient times through periods of conflict and upheaval, the town has maintained its cultural identity and played a significant role in the
Kurdish struggle for autonomy. Today, Qaladiza is a symbol of reconstruction
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who led the
Kurdish revolution. More than 425 students and teachers re-located to Qalladze as a show of solidarity to Mustafa Barzani's decision which angered the Ba’athi government. Bomber planes, rockets and internationally prohibited cannon fires set alight the town of Qalladze, the Ba’athist
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At 9.15am on
Wednesday 24 April 1974, Qalladze fell victim to Saddam Hussein first airstrike against the Kurds. It was rumoured that the town attracted the eye of Saddam Hussein because the University of Slemani* had temporarily relocated to Qalladze on 1 April 1974 – under the command of leader
377:: During the medieval period, the region was often governed by Kurdish emirates, semi-autonomous principalities that paid tribute to larger Islamic empires. These emirates, such as the Shaddadid and Rawadid, played a significant role in the local governance of Kurdish regions.
419:: After World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Qaladiza became part of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia. This period was marked by significant political changes and the eventual establishment of the Kingdom of Iraq in 1932.
401:: Kurdish tribal structures remained strong, and tribal leaders continued to wield significant power within the Ottoman framework. The Ottomans employed a system of indirect rule, relying on these leaders to maintain order and collect taxes.
395:: Qaladiza fell under the control of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century. It was part of the larger Ottoman administrative structure, which often granted significant autonomy to local Kurdish leaders in exchange for loyalty and tribute.
371:: With the spread of Islam in the 7th century, Qaladiza, like much of the Kurdish region, came under Islamic rule. The town and its surrounding areas became part of various Islamic caliphates, including the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates.
486:: The town has benefited from the relative stability of the Kurdistan Region, experiencing economic growth and development. The presence of natural resources and investments in various sectors have contributed to this progress.
592:: The focus on sustainable development, including education, healthcare, and economic diversification, is key to Qaladiza's future. The town's potential for growth and prosperity hinges on continued stability and investment.
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On 10 February 2013, the council ministers of the
Kurdish Regional Government elected 24 April as the University Martyrs Day; a homage to the fallen martyrs of Sulaymaniyah University (now known as Salahaddin University).
353:: The area has been inhabited since ancient times, with evidence suggesting that it was part of various early civilizations in Mesopotamia. The region likely saw influence from the Sumerians, Akkadians and Assyrians.
579:: The rise of ISIS in 2014 posed a significant threat to the entire Kurdistan Region. Qaladiza, like other Kurdish towns, mobilized to defend against this threat, showcasing Kurdish resilience and unity.
506:: The establishment of the University of Raparin in Qaladiza has been a major development. It has become a center for higher education and research, contributing to the intellectual growth of the region.
617:. The people who have been moved, stayed there until the Kurdish uprising against Saddam Hussein's regime in 1991. Then they came back to their land. The town has continued to expand. A branch of the
474:: The 2003 US invasion of Iraq led to the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime. The Kurdistan Region, including Qaladiza, gained greater autonomy and stability under the protection of the US and its allies.
613:
and all residents were forced to leave the town and moved to
Bazzian and other parts of Iraqi Kurdistan, but mostly they were moved to some camps somewhere near Bazzian, a small town located west of
512:: Efforts to preserve and promote Kurdish culture, language, and traditions have been significant. Cultural festivals, literary events, and educational programs have reinforced Kurdish identity.
461:: The Ba'athist regime under Saddam Hussein launched the Anfal Campaign, a genocidal campaign against the Kurds. Qaladiza suffered mass destruction, and many residents were killed or displaced.
330:
Qaladiza is a town in the
Kurdistan Region of Iraq, known for its rich history and cultural significance. Below is a detailed overview of Qaladiza from its early history to the present day.
425:: The early 20th century saw the rise of Kurdish nationalism. The Kurds, including those in Qaladiza, sought greater autonomy and recognition of their cultural and political rights.
525:: Qaladiza is predominantly Kurdish, with a strong sense of cultural and ethnic identity. The social structure is influenced by traditional Kurdish customs and tribal affiliations.
443:: Qaladiza, like many Kurdish towns, was involved in the conflict between Kurdish forces and the Iraqi government. The town faced military actions and population displacements.
449:: A peace agreement in 1970 granted limited autonomy to the Kurdish region, including Qaladiza. However, the implementation was fraught with difficulties and mutual distrust.
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Qalladze means "Castle of Two Rivers" from the
Kurdish words Qala= castle, dw= two and ze= river. In the southwest of the city there is a castle between two rivers.
573:: Despite relative stability, Qaladiza faces challenges from regional tensions, including conflicts involving neighboring countries and internal political disputes.
480:: Since 2003, Qaladiza has seen significant reconstruction efforts. The KRG has invested in infrastructure, education, and healthcare to improve living conditions.
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555:: Residents of Qaladiza actively participate in the political process, contributing to the broader Kurdish struggle for autonomy and rights within Iraq.
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531:: While maintaining traditional elements, Qaladiza has also experienced modernization and urbanization, with improved infrastructure and services.
455:: Renewed conflict led to further instability and destruction. Qaladiza was significantly affected by the Iraqi government's military campaigns.
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347:: Qaladiza is located in a mountainous region, which historically provided natural defenses and made it a strategic location for settlements.
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and progress in the
Kurdistan Region, with a promising future shaped by its rich heritage and ongoing development efforts.
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with hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. Winter nights average below freezing and snow occasionally occurs.
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1118:"Qaladiza climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Qaladiza weather averages - Climate-Data.org"
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was established there in 1974, but the Iraqi government attacked it on 24 April 1974.
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1032:"Baghdad should compensate victims of 1974 Qaladiza atrocities"
1068:"Kurds Commemorate 43rd Anniversary of Qalladze Bombardment"
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1485:Populated places in Sulaymaniyah Province
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453:Second Kurdish-Iraqi War (1974-1975)
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1438:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1381:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
547:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK)
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1070:. BasNews English. 24 April 2017.
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921:Average rainfall mm (inches)
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851:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
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541:Kurdish Political Movements
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77:Show map of Iraqi Kurdistan
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1050:"Iraq Crushes the Kurds"
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393:Administrative Structure
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565:Security and Stability
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1265:Sulaymaniyah District
991:Source: Climate-Data
619:Sulaimania University
504:University of Raparin
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134:36.18333°N 45.12778°E
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74:Location within Iraq
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423:Kurdish Nationalism
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536:Political Dynamics
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219: • Total
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577:ISIS Threat
363:Islamic Era
298:, near the
294:, north of
237:Postal code
186:Governorate
137: /
1479:Categories
1342:Sharbazher
1307:Chamchamal
1000:References
597:Conclusion
214:Population
125:45°07′40″E
122:36°11′00″N
1375:Kurdistan
1350:(capital)
1302:Barzinjah
1182:Districts
310:Etymology
248:Area code
228:Time zone
206:Elevation
1332:Qaladiza
751:(102.7)
746:(102.7)
275:Qeladizê
196:District
25:Qaladiza
986:(29.8)
916:(53.6)
911:(36.7)
896:(66.7)
891:(74.8)
886:(75.0)
881:(68.7)
876:(58.6)
866:(41.5)
861:(34.9)
856:(33.1)
846:(65.0)
841:(45.1)
836:(56.7)
831:(70.2)
826:(81.0)
821:(88.7)
816:(88.9)
811:(82.2)
806:(71.1)
801:(60.4)
796:(50.9)
791:(43.5)
786:(41.2)
776:(76.4)
771:(53.8)
766:(66.9)
761:(83.3)
756:(95.2)
741:(95.7)
736:(83.7)
731:(70.9)
726:(60.4)
721:(52.2)
716:(49.3)
638:Climate
615:Slemani
318:History
267:قەڵادزێ
259:Qaladze
222:120,000
150:Country
31:قەڵادزە
28:قەڵادزێ
1317:Gelara
981:(4.1)
976:(2.8)
971:(0.3)
966:(0.0)
946:(1.6)
941:(3.3)
936:(5.1)
931:(6.9)
926:(5.7)
667:Month
280:Arabic
177:
159:
1430:This
1373:This
1337:Ranya
1327:Mawat
1322:Kalar
1283:(now
1036:Rudaw
906:(46)
901:(57)
871:(50)
706:Year
241:46016
232:UTC+3
1436:stub
1379:stub
961:(0)
956:(0)
951:(0)
914:12.0
894:19.3
889:23.8
884:23.9
879:20.4
874:14.8
844:18.3
834:13.7
829:21.2
824:27.2
819:31.5
814:31.6
809:27.9
804:21.7
799:15.8
794:10.5
774:24.7
769:12.1
764:19.4
759:28.5
754:35.1
749:39.3
744:39.3
739:35.4
734:28.7
729:21.6
724:15.8
719:11.2
703:Dec
700:Nov
697:Oct
694:Sep
691:Aug
688:Jul
685:Jun
682:May
679:Apr
676:Mar
673:Feb
670:Jan
292:Iraq
284:قلدز
252:+964
162:Iraq
38:city
984:756
979:104
934:129
929:174
924:144
909:2.6
864:5.3
859:1.6
854:0.6
839:7.3
789:6.4
784:5.1
714:9.6
648:Csa
1481::
1120:.
1102:.
1084:.
1052:.
1034:.
1016:.
974:70
944:41
939:85
899:14
869:10
306:.
290:,
282::
278:,
269:,
265::
1467:e
1460:t
1453:v
1442:.
1410:e
1403:t
1396:v
1385:.
1287:)
1167:e
1160:t
1153:v
1124:.
1106:.
1088:.
1056:.
1038:.
1020:.
969:8
964:1
959:0
954:0
949:0
904:8
646:(
261:(
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