184:, had been left further back earlier as a rear guard, but Lu Bode objected to serving under Li Ling and decided to advance with only 5,000 infantry, confident that his force of crossbowmen would be able to handle any Xiongnu force they encountered. He was confronted by a force of 30,000 Xiongnu and had set up fortifications between two hills. The Xiongnu made repeated charges on his position, but failed to overcome Li Ling's crossbow and shield/spear formation, suffering heavy casualties. When Li Ling's forces sought to retreat, but the Xiongnu chased after them, harassing them until nightfall. Only 400 men made it back and Li Ling was captured.
39:
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Chang (虞常). The plot was uncovered, and one of its leaders pointed to Zhang Sheng. A furious Chanyu executed the conspirators, and urged the members of the embassy to admit their guilt and switch to the side of the
Xiongnu. When Su Wu refused to betray his country, he was sent to Lake Baikal, where he spend 19 years before he could return to the Han dynasty.
156:, the Han emperor decided to try to achieve his goal of persuading the Chanyu to submit to the Han dynasty. The difficult economic situation in the Han dynasty, created by long struggles with northern, western and southern neighbours, prompted Emperor Wu to try to settle relations with the Xiongnu through peaceful negotiations. In 101 BC an embassy headed by
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While visiting the
Xiongnu, a deputy of Su Wu, Zhang Sheng (張勝), made contact with Han prisoners and conspired with them to revolt, kidnap Chanyu's mother, assassinate the Chanyu's half-Han advisor Wei Lü (衛律), and then head home. Zhang Sheng also tried to bribe the Chanyu's Prince of Gou (緱王) and Yu
140:
Qiedihou reigned during one of the most aggressive periods in
Chinese history, and one of the many troubled periods in Xiongnu history. In 101 BCE Qiedihou, wishing to establish relations with the Han, said immediately after accession to the throne: “I am a child. How can I view the Han Emperor as an
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range. Initially successful, Li
Guangli defeated the Wise King (Tuqi) of the Right and killed some 10,000 Xiongnu, but was surrounded on the way back and had to defend himself. They managed to drive back the Xiongnu before trying to head back to the Han dynasty. The Xiongnu gave chase leading to
187:
In the spring of 97 BC, Li
Guangli and two other generals led a force of over 160,000 against the Xiongnu. Li's forces were said to have been routed by only 10,000 Xiongnu and fought a running battle for ten days.
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left for the
Xiongnu loaded with rich gifts. However, contrary to Han expectations, Qiedihou was reported to be very arrogant, and the question of an allegiance was not even raised.
133:(r. 141–87 BC). He was the younger brother of Xulihu, who died, after just a one-year reign, during a campaign against a newly built Western Han fort
429:
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Qiedihou had two sons; the elder was the Wise King (Tuqi) of the Left. Before his death
Qiedihou bequeathed him the throne under the name of
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heavy casualties for the Han army. Li
Guangli only returned with less than half of his original army. The other Han generals,
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Qiedihou succeeded his brother Xulihu in 101 BC. In 101 BC, the
Xiongnu raided Dingxiang, Yunzhong, Zhangye, and Jiuquan.
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fought an inconclusive battle with the Wise King (Tuqi) of the Left. Han Yue failed to encounter any
Xiongnu.
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enemy when I have a venerable old man in front of me?” He returned to the Han all detained ambassadors.
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and three other Han generals led a force of 35,000 against the Xiongnu in the
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317:"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"
300:"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"
219:, vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, reprint Moscow-Leningrad, 1950, p. 49
217:"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"
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A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han, and Xin Periods
319:, vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, reprint Moscow-Leningrad, 1950
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Considering that Qiedihou would look favourably on the
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228:Sima Qian, Historical Notes, ch. 110, ll. 31b, 32a
129:. His reign was contemporaneous with that of the
362:, Science, Moscow, 1968, p. 31 (In Russian)
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265:, Science, Moscow, 1968, p. 31 (In Russian)
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113:; r. 101–96 BCE), whose name was probably
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44:Domain and influence of the Eastern Huns
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343:Military Culture in Imperial China
327:, The University of Michigan Press
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368:Imperial Chinese Military History
325:The Rise of the Chinese Empire 1
199:(rightful Lateral Succession).
1:
334:Ancient China and Its Enemies
430:1st-century monarchs in Asia
360:"Materials on Sünnu history"
336:, Cambridge University Press
263:"Materials on Sünnu history"
16:Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire
366:Whiting, Marvin C. (2002),
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345:, Harvard University Press
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341:Cosmo, Nicola di (2009),
332:Cosmo, Nicola Di (2002),
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323:Chang, Chun-shu (2007),
167:In the summer of 99 BC,
425:2nd-century BC monarchs
350:Loewe, Michael (2000),
125:, and the successor to
370:, Writers Club Press
408:
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399:Succeeded by
131:Emperor Wu of Han
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378:Preceded by
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54:c. 101–96 BC
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154:Han dynasty
85:Modu Chanyu
59:Predecessor
414:Categories
396:101–96 BC
310:References
238:Loewe 2000
190:Gongsun Ao
169:Li Guangli
137:in Ordos.
203:Footnotes
173:Tian Shan
69:Successor
28:Qiedihou
135:Shuofang
117:, was a
103:Qiedihou
95:Yizhixie
22:Qiedihou
420:Chanyus
390:of the
354:, Brill
182:Lu Bode
178:Li Ling
121:of the
107:Chinese
80:Dynasty
402:Hulugu
388:Chanyu
381:Xulihu
127:Xulihu
119:Chanyu
109::
91:Father
73:Hulugu
63:Xulihu
30:Chanyu
158:Su Wu
115:Qiedi
51:Reign
180:and
145:Life
111:且鞮侯
416::
105:(
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