2690:
1672:
653:
667:
2702:
326:
The aircraft was lost when one engine component (redesigned since) failed in an unusual high-altitude storm turbulence at 17 km. By early 2023, Airbus planned to launch operations from the end of 2024 with around 18 aircraft. By 2034, a 1,000 aircraft constellation could cover 2.9 billion people, and
408:
Designed to fly at 20 km (65,000 ft) for more than a month, the 25 m (82 ft) wide Zephyr 8 is 30% lighter and can lift 50% more batteries than the Zephyr 7. It weighs 60 kg, 40% of which are batteries (24 kg), and the 5 kg payload can transmit video with a
42:
315:
In summer 2018, for its maiden flight from
Arizona, the Zephyr S remained aloft for 25 days 23 hours 57 minutes, nearly twice as long as the previous record flight of 14 days set by its predecessor. By October 2021, it had flown 2,435 hours.
323:, venturing for the first time into international airspace and over water. On 19 August, the plane was lost over the Arizona desert after a flight time of 64 days. It covered 56,000 km over the southern United States, the Gulf of Mexico, and South America.
162:
in daylight to stay aloft at night. The latest Zephyr 8/S weighs 60 kg (130 lb), has a wingspan of 25 m (82 ft), can reach 23,200 m (76,100 ft) and can lift a 5 kg (11 lb) payload for months. They can be used for
1266:
279:
after a 336 hours (14 days), 22 min and 8 s flight, reaching 21,562 m (70,741 ft). It exceeded the nine days (216 hours) of the 1986 round-the-world flight of the
400:
Zephyr 7 was larger, at 53 kg, and capable of a maximum altitude between 20 and 21 km, it required five ground crew to launch, as opposed to three previously for the Zephyr 6.
1022:
2743:
1628:
470:
Endurance is targeted for up to 200–300 days. An 8 kg (17.6 lb) mobile connectivity payload can serve up to 100,000 people on the ground. A 5 kg Airbus-developed
1140:
1329:
2748:
1063:
1607:
335:
In
January 2023, the Aalto HAPS company was set up by Airbus to sell its mobile connectivity and earth observation services. In June 2024, a Japanese consortium led by
1122:
1614:
923:
887:
866:
272:
260:
2595:
2272:
460:
297:
In 2014 it flew for 11 days in the short days of winter whilst carrying a small payload for the
British Ministry of Defence, and later near civilian airspace.
1085:
2728:
1193:
2077:
1228:
2753:
1950:
312:
In 2016, a twin-tailed Zephyr T variant, providing a maritime surveillance and communications capability, was scheduled for flight testing in 2018.
1155:
2412:
946:
1026:
2379:
2374:
1708:
772:
1589:
392:. Launched by hand, it can reach 18 km (60,000 ft). The first version had a battery capacity of 3 kW·h, driving two propellers.
1635:
327:
would provide emergency 4G/5G following natural disasters. The larger Zephyr variant, with twice the payload capacity, is expected for 2026.
967:
1041:
2417:
2433:
1785:
2561:
2496:
2438:
1935:
1393:
1316:"In-flight break-up involving Airbus Zephyr unmanned aerial vehicle, near Wyndham Airport, Western Australia, on 28 September 2019"
1247:
2566:
2329:
1810:
1600:
1103:
2738:
2580:
2087:
1945:
1826:
1208:
2531:
2057:
1851:
1800:
200:, was planning to fly its Zephyr 3 up to 40 km at 70 m/s (250 km/h; 140 kn), after being released from a
818:
343:
committed to invest USD$ 100m in AALTO to commercialise connectivity HAPS services in Asia, targeting a 2026 introduction.
2364:
2651:
2631:
2011:
1770:
1621:
931:
372:
Zephyr 6 has a 18 m (59 ft) span and weighs 30–34 kg (70 lb) for a 2 kg (4.5 lb) payload.
2541:
2016:
1701:
1315:
640:
19 August 2022, Arizona, just before breaking the record for the longest flight of any aircraft (a total of 64 days)
356:
The 12 m (39 ft) wide aircraft had a carbon composite frame to weigh 12 kg (26 lb), and 1 kW of
2551:
2404:
2393:
2267:
2114:
2072:
2052:
1267:"MicroLink Devices Powers Successful Stratospheric Flight of Airbus Defence and Space Zephyr S HAPS Solar Aircraft"
235:
In
February 2005, Qinetiq was preparing a demonstration above 30,000 ft for the UK Ministry of Defence at the
2733:
1965:
1940:
1780:
1654:
1478:
1294:
1141:"NTT DOCOMO and Space Compass partners with Airbus on HAPS, committing to a USD$ 100 million investment in AALTO"
389:
381:
2705:
2466:
2448:
2339:
2185:
2172:
2167:
2067:
1351:
1280:
463:(ISR) with a wide visual payload coverage of 20Ă—30 km (12.4Ă—18.6 mi) and can be equipped with radar,
291:
217:
168:
144:
80:
637:
28 September 2019, Wyndham, Western
Australia, during the first flight after the first incident in March 2019
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2476:
2354:
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57:
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2001:
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256:
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236:
440:
up from 300–320 Wh/kg. Solar cells are high-efficiency, lightweight, and flexible inverted
2241:
738:
409:
50 cm resolution from above 20 km. They should be able to operate year-round between
2262:
2257:
2190:
1986:
1925:
1856:
1846:
1560:
1213:
377:
373:
1229:"United Kingdom Ministry of Defence places order for two solar-powered Airbus Zephyr 8s"
2319:
2287:
2277:
1748:
1534:
1504:
1379:
693:
456:
452:, with specific power exceeding 1,500 W/kg and areal powers greater than 350 W/m.
433:
410:
259:
in
Arizona, the Zephyr 6 flew for 82 hours and 37 minutes, an unofficial record as the
221:
164:
159:
2231:
2162:
1524:
951:
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672:
437:
209:
990:
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2134:
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2026:
1996:
1753:
1539:
686:
244:
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176:
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1175:
143:. In July 2010, the Zephyr 7 flew for 14 days. In March 2013, the project was sold to
2722:
2303:
2226:
2216:
2129:
2021:
1738:
1717:
1440:
280:
2671:
2626:
2359:
2031:
1430:
1361:"Zephyr S high-altitude persistent drone could achieve 100-day flight during tests"
369:
287:
213:
796:
1023:"Farnborough 2016: Airbus releases Zephyr T details, outlines CONOPS for systems"
2666:
2636:
2611:
2369:
2006:
1981:
1659:
1565:
1435:
652:
205:
1086:"Up, up and away: Airbus' Zephyr drone breaks flight record high above Arizona"
2152:
2124:
1902:
1425:
706:
648:
357:
336:
155:
17:
2443:
2349:
2221:
1570:
1519:
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229:
309:
purchased two Zephyr 8 planes. In August 2016, a third was purchased.
255:
Between 28 and 31 July 2008, in a demonstration for the US military at its
2656:
2646:
2621:
1209:"Solar Plane Aims for New Record: 3 Months Aloft Without a Pilot or Fuel"
871:
Absolute Record of class U (Experimental / New
Technologies) for Duration
225:
2661:
1488:
1456:
1402:
320:
193:
136:
91:
1104:"Unexpected end to Zephyr 8's record-smashing 64-day endurance flight"
208:
which had reached 29 km. It was envisionned as an alternative to
1544:
1232:
927:
892:
Record of class U (Experimental / New
Technologies) for True altitude
418:
132:
883:
862:
1529:
1514:
1064:"Airbus Zephyr breaks more aviation records during flight testing"
464:
1686:
968:"Airbus Zephyr Proves Value For Civil Operations in Middle East"
445:
1690:
1375:
630:
As of August 2022, three hull losses have been reported:
1330:"Outback aviation incident linked to UK Ministry of Defence"
773:"Airbus readies high-flying Zephyr for 2024 service launch"
1371:
147:. In the summer of 2022, the Zephyr 8/S flew for 64 days.
1318:. Australian Transport Safety Bureau. 28 September 2020.
1248:"Record-Breaking Zephyr's Battery Holds eVTOL Potential"
388:
with twice the energy density of the best alternative,
1079:
1077:
1123:"Airbus brands stratospheric drone business as Aalto"
1042:"Airbus sets flight endurance record with Zephyr UAV"
1057:
1055:
2604:
2588:
2579:
2457:
2426:
2403:
2392:
2312:
2296:
2250:
2209:
2107:
2100:
2045:
1974:
1901:
1890:
1865:
1819:
1731:
1724:
1647:
1582:
1553:
1497:
1469:
1449:
1418:
1409:
1176:"Wing-to-tail guide to Zephyr, the 'eternal' plane"
812:
810:
2744:Unmanned military aircraft of the United Kingdom
1310:
1308:
819:"UK's Zephyr UAV to be tested for military role"
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
752:
232:balloon altitude record attempt failed in 2003.
1194:"British MoD Acquires Solar-Powered Zephyr UAV"
985:
983:
981:
838:
836:
834:
832:
790:
788:
786:
2596:List of countries by photovoltaics production
2273:Solar-Powered Aircraft Developments Solar One
1702:
1387:
1156:"Inside Qinetiq's Zephyr solar powered plane"
924:"First flight of Astrium's Zephyr solar HAPS"
461:intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance
8:
947:"Fly 11 days non-stop? Now that's long-haul"
271:On 23 July 2010, the Zephyr 7 took the
2078:Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collector
474:can deliver 18 cm-resolution imagery.
2585:
2400:
2104:
1951:Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells
1898:
1728:
1709:
1695:
1687:
1415:
1394:
1380:
1372:
319:On 15 June 2022, the Zephyr S took off in
2749:High-altitude and long endurance aircraft
2413:Grid-connected photovoltaic power system
1011:(Press release). UK MOD. 17 August 2016.
481:
421:operation gets more difficult at higher
2380:Victorian Model Solar Vehicle Challenge
2375:Hunt-Winston School Solar Car Challenge
729:
286:In March 2013, the project was sold to
27:Series of lightweight solar-powered UAV
1590:Defence Evaluation and Research Agency
966:Woodrow Bellamy III (1 October 2014).
634:March 2019, Wyndham, Western Australia
31:
1265:MicroLink Devices (17 October 2018).
1084:Buchaniec, Catherine (22 July 2022).
1025:. Janes. 14 July 2016. Archived from
991:"MoD to buy high-flying solar planes"
7:
2701:
1252:Aviation Week & Space Technology
1143:(Press release). AALTO. 3 June 2024.
1009:"MOD buys third record-breaking UAV"
135:. They were designed originally by
2729:2000s British experimental aircraft
2418:List of photovoltaic power stations
1246:Graham Warwick (13 December 2018).
930:. 25 September 2013. Archived from
2434:Rooftop photovoltaic power station
1837:Polycrystalline silicon (multi-Si)
1786:Third-generation photovoltaic cell
906:"'Eternal plane' returns to Earth"
49:An artist's impression of the UAV
25:
2754:Airbus Defence and Space aircraft
2439:Building-integrated photovoltaics
1936:Carbon nanotubes in photovoltaics
1842:Monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si)
1154:Bush, Steve (28 September 2007).
845:"Solar plane makes record flight"
843:Amos, Jonathan (24 August 2008).
2700:
2689:
2688:
1811:Polarizing organic photovoltaics
1671:
1670:
1062:Sampson, Ben (15 October 2021).
817:Craig Hoyle (22 February 2005).
709:(First flight 11 September 2019)
665:
651:
40:
1946:Cadmium telluride photovoltaics
1827:List of semiconductor materials
1365:Aerospace Testing International
1127:Aerospace testing international
1121:Ben Sampson (23 January 2023).
1068:Aerospace Testing International
904:Amos, Jonathan (23 July 2010).
795:Amos, Jonathan (24 June 2003).
715:(First flight 17 February 2020)
696:(First flight 8 September 1999)
689:(First flight 10 November 1998)
592:62-65 kg (137-143 lb)
212:, stationed permanently in the
196:, a commercial offshoot of the
139:, a commercial offshoot of the
2058:Incremental conductance method
1852:Copper indium gallium selenide
1801:Thermodynamic efficiency limit
1040:Dan Thisdell (8 August 2018).
945:Tovey, Alan (31 August 2014).
771:Craig Hoyle (6 January 2023).
595:23,200 m (76,100 ft)
575:21 000 m (69 000 ft)
555:18 300 m (60 000 ft)
536:11 000 m (36 000 ft)
129:high-altitude platform station
58:high-altitude platform station
1:
2365:South African Solar Challenge
517:9 140 m (30 000 ft)
2012:Photovoltaic mounting system
1359:Ben Sampson (17 July 2018).
1207:Goodier, Rob (7 July 2010).
797:"Strato-plane looks forward"
737:Craig Hoyle (11 July 2006).
459:. It can be used to perform
436:anodes for a 435 Wh/kg
2017:Maximum power point tracker
702:(First flight 28 June 2016)
467:and infrared technologies.
455:One Zephyr can replace 250
2770:
2268:Solar panels on spacecraft
2115:Solar-powered refrigerator
2073:Concentrated photovoltaics
2053:Perturb and observe method
1832:Crystalline silicon (c-Si)
974:. Access Intelligence LLC.
442:metamorphic multi-junction
204:at 9 km, besting the
2684:
1966:Heterojunction solar cell
1941:Dye-sensitized solar cell
1781:Multi-junction solar cell
1771:Nominal power (Watt-peak)
1668:
1479:Defence Technology Centre
884:"FAI Record ID No. 18683"
863:"FAI Record ID No. 16052"
683:(First flew in June 1983)
612:145 kg (320 lb)
390:lithium polymer batteries
382:lithium-sulphur batteries
48:
39:
34:
2449:Strasskirchen Solar Park
2340:American Solar Challenge
2186:Solar-powered flashlight
2173:Solar-powered calculator
2168:Solar cell phone charger
1857:Amorphous silicon (a-Si)
619:20 kg (44 lb)
572:53 kg (117 lb)
569:22,5 m (74 ft)
561:2 kg (4.4 lb)
292:Airbus Defence and Space
218:environmental monitoring
169:environmental monitoring
152:unmanned aerial vehicles
145:Airbus Defence and Space
81:Airbus Defence and Space
2355:Frisian Solar Challenge
2325:List of solar car teams
2083:Space-based solar power
2063:Constant voltage method
1992:Solar charge controller
1878:Timeline of solar cells
1873:Growth of photovoltaics
1595:Defence Research Agency
1299:AviationsMilitaires.net
1295:"Airbus-QinetiQ Zephyr"
705:SoftBank/AeroVironment
659:Renewable energy portal
626:Accidents and incidents
609:32 m (105 ft)
601:5 kg (11 lb)
581:5 kg (11 lb)
552:30 kg (66 lb)
533:31 kg (68 lb)
514:17 kg (37 lb)
448:sheets manufactured by
2739:Solar-powered aircraft
2345:Formula Sun Grand Prix
2177:Solar-powered fountain
2120:Solar air conditioning
1921:Quantum dot solar cell
1911:Nanocrystal solar cell
1806:Sun-free photovoltaics
719:Solar-powered aircraft
589:25 m (82 ft)
549:18 m (59 ft)
530:16 m (52 ft)
511:12 m (39 ft)
483:Airbus-QinetiQ Zephyr
360:powering five motors.
307:UK Ministry of Defence
305:In February 2016, the
198:UK Ministry of Defence
141:UK Ministry of Defence
2335:World Solar Challenge
2158:Photovoltaic keyboard
2088:PV system performance
1961:Perovskite solar cell
1759:Solar cell efficiency
430:lithium-ion batteries
222:mobile phone coverage
202:high-altitude balloon
165:mobile phone coverage
131:aircraft produced by
2605:Individual producers
2313:Solar vehicle racing
2002:Solar micro-inverter
1931:Plasmonic solar cell
1776:Thin-film solar cell
1744:Photoelectric effect
823:Flight International
725:Notes and references
713:BAE Systems PHASA-35
245:communications relay
177:communications relay
2201:Solar traffic light
2181:Solar-powered radio
2148:Solar-powered watch
1956:Printed solar panel
1791:Solar cell research
1510:Foster-Miller TALON
1235:. 18 February 2016.
1196:. 17 February 2016.
869:. 16 October 2017.
739:"Energetic Qinetiq"
692:NASA/AeroVironment
484:
472:Opaz optical sensor
444:epitaxial lift-off
331:Commercial services
257:Yuma Proving Ground
2237:The Quiet Achiever
2196:Solar street light
2143:Solar-powered pump
1916:Organic solar cell
1796:Thermophotovoltaic
1764:Quantum efficiency
1554:Places and vessels
1161:Electronics weekly
1029:on 25 August 2016.
997:. 2 February 2016.
934:on 5 October 2013.
890:. 29 August 2018.
482:
239:in Australia, for
237:Woomera Test Range
228:applications. The
117:Under development
2716:
2715:
2680:
2679:
2575:
2574:
2388:
2387:
2263:Mauro Solar Riser
2258:Electric aircraft
2191:Solar-powered fan
2096:
2095:
1987:Balance of system
1975:System components
1926:Hybrid solar cell
1886:
1885:
1847:Cadmium telluride
1684:
1683:
1561:MoD Boscombe Down
1470:Shareholdings and
1465:
1464:
1231:(Press release).
1214:Popular mechanics
1110:. 24 August 2022.
926:(Press release).
623:
622:
457:cell phone towers
450:MicroLink Devices
376:solar cells from
374:Amorphous silicon
263:wasn't involved.
121:
120:
16:(Redirected from
2761:
2734:Qinetiq aircraft
2704:
2703:
2692:
2691:
2586:
2427:Building-mounted
2405:PV power station
2401:
2330:Solar challenges
2320:Solar car racing
2288:Solar Challenger
2278:Gossamer Penguin
2105:
1899:
1749:Solar irradiance
1729:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1688:
1674:
1673:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1535:QinetiQ Mercator
1416:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1373:
1368:
1355:
1354:
1352:Official website
1338:
1337:
1336:. 12 April 2019.
1326:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1269:(Press release).
1262:
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1243:
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901:
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859:
853:
852:
840:
827:
826:
814:
805:
804:
792:
781:
780:
768:
747:
746:
734:
694:Helios Prototype
675:
670:
669:
668:
661:
656:
655:
485:
434:silicon nanowire
428:It used Amprius
411:40 degrees North
386:Sion Corporation
210:space satellites
69:
61:Type of aircraft
44:
32:
21:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2676:
2600:
2571:
2453:
2422:
2395:
2384:
2308:
2297:Water transport
2292:
2246:
2232:Solar golf cart
2205:
2163:Solar road stud
2092:
2046:System concepts
2041:
1970:
1893:
1882:
1861:
1815:
1720:
1715:
1685:
1680:
1664:
1643:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1578:
1549:
1525:QinetiQ Banshee
1493:
1471:
1461:
1445:
1411:
1405:
1400:
1358:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1328:
1327:
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1314:
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1306:
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1245:
1244:
1240:
1227:
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1222:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1182:. 23 July 2010.
1174:
1173:
1169:
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1148:
1139:
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1115:
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1038:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1002:
989:
988:
979:
965:
964:
960:
952:Daily Telegraph
944:
943:
939:
922:
921:
917:
903:
902:
898:
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877:
861:
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815:
808:
794:
793:
784:
770:
769:
750:
736:
735:
731:
727:
700:Facebook Aquila
681:NASA Pathfinder
673:Aviation portal
671:
666:
664:
657:
650:
647:
628:
480:
438:specific energy
406:
398:
366:
354:
349:
333:
303:
277:duration record
269:
253:
190:
185:
154:are powered by
127:is a series of
109:2024 (planned)
72:United Kingdom
68:National origin
67:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2767:
2765:
2757:
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106:Introduction
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2652:Sungen Solar
2627:Motech Solar
2581:PV companies
2542:South Africa
2360:Solar Splash
2101:Applications
2032:Solar mirror
1892:Photovoltaic
1675:
1583:Predecessors
1572:
1472:partnerships
1431:Boldon James
1412:subsidiaries
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275:-sanctioned
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214:stratosphere
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29:
2667:Trina Solar
2612:First Solar
2552:Switzerland
2532:Netherlands
2370:Tour de Sol
2068:Fill factor
2007:Solar cable
1982:Solar panel
1903:Solar cells
1660:Graham Love
1566:RAE Bedford
1436:Cyveillance
586:Zephyr 8/S
358:solar cells
206:NASA Helios
183:Development
171:, military
156:solar cells
2723:Categories
2589:By country
2459:By country
2394:Generation
2304:Solar boat
2153:Solar Tuki
2139:Solar tree
2125:Solar lamp
2108:Appliances
1732:Technology
1426:Automatika
707:HAPSMobile
404:Zephyr 8/S
337:NTT Docomo
301:Zephyr 8/S
90:initially
2467:Australia
2444:Solar Ark
2350:Solar Cup
2242:Sunmobile
2222:Solar car
1820:Materials
1608:A&AEE
1520:QinetiQ 1
1484:Metrix UK
1283:. Airbus.
1108:New Atlas
606:Zephyr T
566:Zephyr 7
546:Zephyr 6
527:Zephyr 5
508:Zephyr 4
500:Endurance
423:latitudes
380:recharge
230:QinetiQ 1
192:In 2003,
160:batteries
2695:Category
2657:Sunpower
2647:Solyndra
2622:JA Solar
2557:Thailand
2477:Bulgaria
1725:Concepts
1677:Category
1505:Cerberus
1498:Products
1281:"Zephyr"
1180:BBC News
910:BBC News
849:BBC News
801:BBC News
645:See also
503:Payload
417:, while
396:Zephyr 7
378:Unisolar
364:Zephyr 6
352:Zephyr 3
267:Zephyr 7
251:Zephyr 6
243:or as a
226:military
188:Zephyr 3
175:or as a
2707:Commons
2662:Suntech
2537:Romania
2507:Germany
2472:Belgium
2396:systems
1866:History
1489:PSivida
1457:Omni-ID
1419:Current
1403:QinetiQ
497:Ceiling
321:Arizona
194:QinetiQ
137:QinetiQ
114:Status
92:Qinetiq
35:Zephyr
2512:Greece
2502:France
2482:Canada
1894:system
1648:People
1573:Triton
1545:TopSat
1450:Former
1233:Airbus
928:Airbus
494:Weight
419:winter
347:Design
133:Airbus
125:Zephyr
2637:Sharp
2547:Spain
2527:Japan
2522:Italy
2517:India
2492:China
2487:Chile
1629:RARDE
1530:Q-Net
1515:PyTEC
1334:9News
598:624 h
578:336 h
488:Model
465:LIDAR
432:with
415:South
384:from
290:(now
54:Role
1636:RSRE
1615:MVEE
558:87 h
539:18 h
491:Span
446:GaAs
413:and
368:The
339:and
216:for
150:The
123:The
2632:REC
1622:RAE
1601:ARE
1571:RV
995:BBC
888:FAI
867:FAI
520:6 h
294:).
273:FAI
261:FAI
224:or
167:,
2725::
2567:US
1363:.
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1307:^
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886:.
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847:.
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