854:
49:
543:
865:
In addition to having a shared ancestry with the
Mongols in general, the Hongirads also shared ancestors with the Mongol royal line, whose originator, Alan Qo'a, was a woman of the Kharlas clan, an offshoot of the Khongirads founded by the legendary Miser Ulug. Down to the 12th century, Mongol rulers
713:
records. The tribe's own origin myth claims that they were descended from three brothers born of a golden vessel—Jurluq Mergen, Quba Shira, and Tusbu Da'u. The descendants of these brothers formed the
Hongirad tribe, but feuds quickly splintered the tribe and gave rise to the offshoot tribes of the
1295:
E. E. Ashirbekov, D. M. Botbaev, A. M. Belkozhaev, A. O. Abayldaev, A. S. Neupokoeva, J. E. Mukhataev, B. Alzhanuly, D. A. Sharafutdinova, D. D. Mukushkina, M. B. Rakhymgozhin, A. K. Khanseitova, S. A. Limborska, N. A. Aytkhozhina, "Distribution of Y-Chromosome
Haplogroups of the Kazakh from the
840:
came up with a solution—they would create their own way out by melting an exposed iron vein that existed in one of the encircling mountains. Building a massive fire and stoking it with 70 large bellows, the trapped clan did just that and succeeded in creating a passage to the outside world. Once
797:
Ulaan zalaat: ulaan (red), zalaa (tassel); person who wears hat with red tassel. Today, Mongols call themselves "red-tasseled
Mongols" because Mongols wear hat with red tassel and they adore fire. Fire is a general symbol of eternal growth, wealth, and success and a figure of fire is used in
653:
in
Mongolia, where they maintained close ties with the ruling dynasties of northern China. Because the various Hongirad clans never united under a single leader, the tribe never rose to great military glory. Their greatest fame comes from being the primary consort clan of the ruling house of
722:, and Qongliyuts. Only the descendants of Jurluq Mergen retained the tribal name of Hongirad. One of the most famous Hongirad ancestors was Miser Ulug, an Onggirat Hercules who was super-humanly strong and often slept for days at a time.
1054:
of the Middle Juz named Qoñyrat (or less commonly Qoñğyrat) are considered descendants of
Khongirads (Ongrat, Kungrat in (Gumilev, n.d). Around the beginning of the 20th century CE, the Kazakh Qongyrats lived mainly in what is now
1206:
902:
in 1304. The
Hongirad under queen Dagi and Temüder, the Minister of the Secretariat, reached their political peak in the Yuan Dynasty, the principal state of 4 khanates, during the reign of
1338:
Tatiana M. Karafet, Ludmila P. Osipova, Olga V. Savina, Brian
Hallmark, and Michael F. Hammer, "Siberian genetic diversity reveals complex origins of the Samoyedic‐speaking populations."
878:
Ba'atur, the father of
Genghis Khan, was not a high ranking Mongol leader, but even he secured himself an Onggirat wife by stealing one from another man. The wives of most rulers of the
1151:
Variations on the name include
Onggirat, Ongirat, Qongrat, Khungirat, Kungrad, Qunghrãt, Wangjila (王紀剌), Yongjilie (雍吉烈), Qungrat, and Guangjila (廣吉剌) in Chinese sources.
1268:
1075:
where it disappears in the steppe. The Qongyrat tribe of Kazakhs are notable for the extremely high frequency among them (64/95 = 67.37%) of Y-DNA that belongs to
1447:
836:("steep cliffs"). After several generations the descendants of these heroes became too numerous for the valley to support, but no one remembered the way out. A
529:
1203:
1680:
1519:
334:
289:
1378:, "Y-chromosomal analysis of clan structure of Kalmyks, the only European Mongol people, and their relationship to Oirat-Mongols of Inner Asia."
903:
2230:
841:
free, the people of Kiyan and Negus went on to create several tribes, including the Mongols and the Hongirads (whose susceptibility to
1440:
1642:
886:
were also from the Hongirad. That is why they held enormous powers behind the courts in both states. They forced the rulers of the
522:
1245:
1358:, "Gene Pool of Buryats: Clinal Variability and Territorial Subdivision Based on Data of Y-Chromosome Markers." ISSN 1022-7954,
845:
was explained by the "fact" that their ancestors were the first to flee Ergene Qun, so they burned their feet on the hot iron).
463:
1263:
30:"Red tasseled Mongols" redirects here. For the other ethnicity who were called "Red tasseled Mongols" by Khalkha Mongols, see
832:) and Negus (Mongolian: Nokhos, dog or wolf) were defeated in battle and forced to seek shelter in an enclosed valley called
476:
1472:
1433:
58:
968:
claiming legitimacy in their descent from Genghis Khan. These were, from west to east, the Khongirads based on Khiva in
515:
486:
459:
429:
2190:
1524:
496:
666:), great grandmother, and first wife were all Khongirads, as were many subsequent Mongol Empress and princesses.
2225:
1551:
1083:(117/217 = 53.9%, 40/80 = 50.0%, 86/298 = 28.9% (mostly northern and western)) and other indigenous peoples of
439:
404:
262:
2220:
1512:
266:
1539:
1420:
613:
449:
258:
139:
1284:
765:
Hongirad — khun (swan), khungiin (swan's), ard (person); swan person. Swan is one of Mongol totems. (See
2194:
1492:
1487:
1000:
in 18th century and their descendants assumed the title of khan themselves in 1804. On 2 February 1920,
88:
68:
63:
1063:. This region borders Uzbekistan, and a majority of the local population has at times been recorded as
853:
2198:
Mongolized ethnic groups.Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component.
1561:
1250:, by Barend ter Haar, who teaches at the Institute for Chinese Studies. Mentions that a book called
748:
641:) was one of the major divisions of the Mongol tribes. Their homeland was located in the vicinity of
109:
98:
83:
1254:
includes "as well as three studies of shamanism among non-Han cultures (Mongol, Tungusic and Daba)".
1942:
1809:
1464:
384:
169:
78:
40:
1546:
1507:
1497:
1067:; the part of the region in which the Kazakh Qongırats were concentrated was located between the
988:(1359–1388) which was founded by the Qongirat elites in Khwārezm ruled their own state under the
803:
596:
179:
159:
129:
119:
93:
73:
1421:
Hongirad tribe of Kazakh people - from Knowledge (XXG) Hongirad introduction in Kazakh language
1849:
1477:
1076:
1415:
2215:
2127:
1912:
1907:
1879:
1594:
1482:
1456:
1132:
1128:
1060:
1056:
997:
799:
686:
674:
624:
560:
299:
244:
189:
2158:
1964:
1859:
1272:
1210:
776:
604:
394:
199:
1990:
1600:
1104:
709:
The Khongirads are often identified as the descendants of the ancient Wuku/Wugu tribe in
2143:
1995:
1902:
1733:
1556:
1529:
1116:
1005:
965:
945:
941:
911:
807:
646:
254:
149:
48:
2209:
2138:
2132:
2072:
2049:
1985:
1927:
1698:
1688:
1657:
1647:
1579:
1571:
1534:
1502:
659:
650:
546:
374:
354:
344:
234:
31:
542:
2106:
2100:
2039:
1937:
1718:
1009:
985:
937:
930:
918:
887:
883:
879:
871:
725:
Many names of the 12th century's Hongirads and their subtribes have Mongol origin:
710:
694:
670:
655:
364:
309:
1794:
2111:
2034:
1789:
1637:
1032:
969:
895:
867:
740:
1402:(2013) 58, 804–811; doi:10.1038/jhg.2013.108; published online 17 October 2013.
2163:
2116:
1607:
1179:, Volume 20, pub Chinese Social and Political Science Association, 1937, p494.
1051:
899:
858:
837:
682:
642:
1398:, "Y-chromosome diversity in the Kalmyks at the ethnical and tribal levels."
1864:
1819:
1383:
1072:
1068:
961:
957:
907:
833:
279:
791:
Alag aduutan: alag (piebald), aduutan (horse herder); piebald horse herder.
2077:
2054:
1804:
1778:
1748:
1743:
1723:
1713:
1318:, "Phylogeography of the Y-chromosome haplogroup C in northern Eurasia."
1298:
Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1092:
1084:
1079:, a clade that otherwise has been observed with greatest frequency among
1016:
926:
810:. The three tongues of the flame represent the past, present, and future.
788:
Olkhunut — Olkhunuud, "uud" is plural suffix. They have three subgroups:
752:
715:
690:
772:
Qongliyuts — Khonkhluud; khonkh (bell), "iud" or "uud" is plural suffix.
17:
2121:
2064:
2044:
2029:
2016:
2010:
2005:
1979:
1922:
1897:
1892:
1869:
1854:
1844:
1836:
1768:
1758:
1738:
1728:
1693:
1663:
1652:
1627:
1617:
1584:
1227:
M. Sanjdorj, History of the Mongolian People's Republic, Volume I, 1966
1108:
1100:
1096:
1080:
1048:
989:
977:
973:
934:
875:
744:
224:
2168:
2148:
2022:
1974:
1969:
1956:
1917:
1773:
1763:
1708:
1703:
1622:
1589:
1343:
1112:
1095:). Members of C-M407 also have been found with lower frequency among
1064:
1036:
981:
891:
829:
817:
766:
733:
719:
697:. After a brief period as independent rulers, they were subjected by
663:
632:
1425:
1362:, 2014, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 180–190. DOI: 10.1134/S1022795413110082
1008:, abdicated before its territory was finally incorporated into the
681:), and a few Khongirads migrated west into the territory of modern
2174:
2083:
2000:
1932:
1814:
1799:
1783:
1632:
1612:
1088:
1059:(formerly South Kazakhstan Region), especially in the vicinity of
1028:
1024:
1020:
1001:
993:
922:
698:
541:
785:
Karanut — Kharnuud: khar (black), "iud" or "uud" is plural suffix
1887:
1670:
842:
794:
Shar khonit: shar (yellow), khoni (sheep); yellow sheep breeder.
1429:
933:
in 1371. Meanwhile, the Khongirad, belonged to the southern
1285:
1999 Copyright Agency BRIF Central Asia, Author A.I.SOBAKIN
572:
569:
1322:(2010) 74, 539–546. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2010.00601.x
739:
Quba Shira — goo (beautiful) shar (yellow). In the 1680s
584:
578:
575:
824:
Relationship with the Mongols: The Legend of Ergune Khun
1300:, ISSN 2224-5227, Volume 6, Number 316 (2017), 85 - 95.
925:
and other Mongol khanates, a body of the Khongirat and
1394:
Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova,
1314:
Boris Malyarchuk, Miroslava Derenko, Galina Denisova,
828:
According to Mongol legend, two warriors named Kiyan (
566:
618:
587:
581:
2093:
2063:
1955:
1878:
1835:
1828:
1679:
1570:
1463:
1374:Natalia Balinova, Helen Post, Alena Kushniarevich,
1193:, by R. D. McChesney, pub Darwin Press, 1996, p202.
996:. The Qongirat Inaks became de facto rulers of the
782:
Ikires — Ikhires: ikh (great), ikhes (chief, noble)
673:they were given the title Lu Wang ("Prince of Lu";
563:
1275:, by Professor Mark Bender. Ohio State University.
732:Jurluq Mergen — zörlög (path) mergen (wise). (See
1310:
1308:
1306:
1296:South Kazakhstan, Zhambyl, and Almaty Regions."
1370:
1368:
1354:V. N. Kharkov, K. V. Khamina, O. F. Medvedeva,
1187:
1185:
1177:The Chinese Social and Political Science Review
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1441:
523:
8:
956:During the 18th century, the basins of the
816:Shamanic practices continue in present-day
1875:
1832:
1448:
1434:
1426:
1223:
1221:
1015:Descendants are found among the people in
917:After the death of the last Yuan emperor,
530:
516:
36:
1384:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0399-0
852:
1164:
1144:
549:c. 1207, Khongirad and their neighbours
39:
7:
1191:Central Asia: Foundations of Change
874:were still taking Khongirad wives.
464:Soviet intervention in Bogd Khanate
27:Major division of the Mongol tribes
1380:European Journal of Human Genetics
1344:https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23194
964:passed under the control of three
929:(Borte's clan) surrendered to the
921:, who lost his imperial status in
25:
1340:American Journal of Human Biology
1236:The Secret History of the Mongols
1204:Хонгирад аймаг mongol.undesten.mn
1247:Shamanism in China: bibliography
559:
47:
689:where they became governors of
1252:Popular Religion and Shamanism
980:(1753–1920), and the Mings in
944:and Olkhunuts lived in modern
637:
1:
1071:and the lower reaches of the
1416:Onggirats at Chinaknowledge
1360:Russian Journal of Genetics
984:(Qǔqon; c. 1710–1876). The
898:to accept supremacy of the
729:Dei Setsen — tsetsen (wise)
619:
2247:
2231:Social history of Mongolia
906:(r.1321-1323). They built
29:
2187:
1400:Journal of Human Genetics
678:
662:. Genghis Khan's mother (
628:
608:
600:
1320:Annals of Human Genetics
1031:, and little bit in the
267:Second Turkic Khaganates
894:in 1280s and convinced
870:and his great-grandson
861:was from the Khunggirad
862:
693:and were known as the
550:
140:Munkhkhairkhan culture
1061:the city of Turkistan
904:Gegeen Khan Shidebala
856:
545:
487:Democratic Revolution
1342:, 08 November 2018.
1265:Local Belief Systems
1135:from 1763 to 1920.
890:to make peace with
460:People's Revolution
430:National Revolution
385:Oirat Confederation
170:Deer stones culture
41:History of Mongolia
2191:Donghu and Xianbei
1547:Mongolian nobility
1498:Slab Grave culture
1271:2012-11-06 at the
1209:2016-03-04 at the
863:
551:
450:Chinese occupation
180:Slab-grave culture
160:Ulaanzuukh culture
130:Chemurchek culture
120:Afanasievo culture
2203:
2202:
2183:
2182:
1951:
1950:
1478:Mongolian Plateau
1077:haplogroup C-M407
972:(1717–1920), the
617:
601:ᠬᠣᠩᠭᠢᠷᠠᠳ Хонгирад
540:
539:
505:
504:
477:People's Republic
413:
412:
318:
317:
290:Tang protectorate
208:
207:
16:(Redirected from
2238:
2226:Darlikin Mongols
1880:Southern Mongols
1876:
1833:
1483:Mongol heartland
1457:Mongolic peoples
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1443:
1436:
1427:
1403:
1392:
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1228:
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1216:
1201:
1195:
1189:
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1174:
1152:
1149:
1091:, 27/51 = 52.9%
1057:Turkistan Region
998:Khanate of Khiva
775:Gorlos — Modern
687:Turkistan Region
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639:
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245:Rouran Khaganate
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220:
190:Chandman culture
116:
115:
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37:
21:
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2240:
2239:
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2204:
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2197:
2179:
2159:Sichuan Mongols
2089:
2059:
1965:Altai Uriankhai
1947:
1874:
1824:
1681:Medieval tribes
1675:
1566:
1552:Writing systems
1520:Medieval tribes
1459:
1454:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1393:
1389:
1382:11 April 2019.
1373:
1366:
1353:
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1273:Wayback Machine
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1211:Wayback Machine
1202:
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1183:
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1150:
1146:
1141:
1125:
1087:(15/28 = 53.6%
1045:
954:
910:city in modern
851:
826:
777:Southern Mongol
762:
707:
562:
558:
536:
507:
506:
497:Modern Mongolia
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395:Dzungar Khanate
335:Mongol khanates
328:
327:Medieval period
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200:Pazyryk culture
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35:
28:
23:
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2221:Mongol peoples
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2014:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
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1967:
1961:
1959:
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1949:
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1925:
1920:
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1910:
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1903:Eastern Dorbet
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1557:Soyombo symbol
1554:
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1544:
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1537:
1530:Nomadic empire
1527:
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1513:Proto-Mongolic
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1121:
1117:Sakha Republic
1111:in China, and
1044:
1041:
1006:Sayid Abdullah
1004:'s last khan,
966:Uzbek khanates
953:
950:
946:Khovd Province
942:Inner Mongolia
912:Inner Mongolia
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847:
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822:
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808:Soyombo symbol
795:
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770:
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751:(Shira). (See
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647:Inner Mongolia
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81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2243:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2153:Yunnan Mongol
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2050:Upper Mongols
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1829:Ethnic groups
1827:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:Khamag Mongol
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
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1611:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1572:Proto-Mongols
1569:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Mongol Empire
1533:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:Ordos culture
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1158:
1148:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1133:Khiva khanate
1130:
1123:Rule of Khiva
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1099:in Mongolia,
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
951:
949:
947:
943:
939:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
860:
855:
849:Consort tribe
848:
846:
844:
839:
835:
831:
823:
821:
819:
809:
805:
801:
796:
793:
790:
789:
787:
784:
781:
778:
774:
771:
768:
764:
763:
759:
754:
750:
747:Mongolia was
746:
742:
738:
735:
731:
728:
727:
726:
723:
721:
717:
712:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
676:
672:
667:
665:
661:
660:Mongol empire
657:
652:
651:Khalkha River
648:
644:
640:
634:
626:
621:
615:
606:
598:
592:
556:
548:
547:Mongol Empire
544:
533:
528:
526:
521:
519:
514:
513:
511:
510:
500:
498:
495:
494:
490:
488:
485:
484:
480:
478:
475:
474:
468:
465:
461:
458:
457:
453:
451:
448:
447:
443:
441:
438:
437:
433:
431:
428:
427:
422:Modern period
419:
418:
408:
406:
403:
402:
398:
396:
393:
392:
388:
386:
383:
382:
378:
376:
375:Northern Yuan
373:
372:
368:
366:
363:
362:
358:
356:
355:Mongol Empire
353:
352:
348:
346:
345:Khamag Mongol
343:
342:
338:
336:
333:
332:
324:
323:
313:
311:
308:
307:
303:
301:
298:
297:
293:
291:
288:
287:
283:
281:
278:
277:
271:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:
252:
248:
246:
243:
242:
238:
236:
235:Xianbei state
233:
232:
228:
226:
223:
222:
214:
213:
203:
201:
198:
197:
193:
191:
188:
187:
183:
181:
178:
177:
173:
171:
168:
167:
163:
161:
158:
157:
153:
151:
148:
147:
143:
141:
138:
137:
133:
131:
128:
127:
123:
121:
118:
117:
111:
106:
105:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
56:
55:
54:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
33:
32:Manchu people
19:
2195:Turco-Mongol
2152:
1753:
1540:Turco-Mongol
1525:Modern clans
1399:
1395:
1390:
1379:
1375:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1339:
1319:
1315:
1297:
1291:
1280:
1264:
1259:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1232:
1213:
1199:
1192:
1176:
1147:
1126:
1103:(especially
1047:Currently a
1046:
1014:
1010:Soviet Union
986:Sufi Dynasty
955:
931:Ming Dynasty
919:Toghan Temur
916:
888:Golden Horde
884:Golden Horde
880:Yuan Dynasty
872:Genghis Khan
864:
827:
815:
804:coat of arms
724:
711:Tang Dynasty
708:
695:Sufi dynasty
671:Yuan dynasty
668:
656:Genghis Khan
636:
554:
552:
501:1990–present
405:Qing dynasty
365:Yuan dynasty
310:Liao dynasty
229:209 BC–93 AD
164:1450–1150 BC
154:1500–1000 BC
144:1800–1600 BC
134:2750–1900 BC
124:3300–2500 BC
2040:Sart Kalmyk
1790:Qara Khitai
1214:(Mongolian)
1033:Karakalpaks
952:Transoxiana
896:Tokhta Khan
868:Khabul Khan
834:Ergune khun
741:Zasagt Khan
718:, Karanut,
669:During the
184:1100–300 BC
174:1400–700 BC
110:Prehistoric
2210:Categories
2189:See also:
2164:Sogwo Arig
1159:References
1043:Kazakhstan
940:in modern
900:Great Khan
859:Radnashiri
838:blacksmith
798:Mongolian
683:Uzbekistan
643:Lake Hulun
204:600–300 BC
194:700–300 BC
2117:Dongxiang
1865:Khotogoid
1850:Dariganga
1820:Uriankhai
1795:Qara'unas
1754:Khongirad
1508:Languages
1093:Hamnigans
1073:Chu River
1069:Sır River
1012:in 1924.
962:Syr Darya
958:Amu Darya
914:in 1271.
908:Yingchang
820:culture.
760:Subtribes
614:romanized
597:Mongolian
555:Khongirad
481:1924–1992
471:1921–1924
454:1919–1921
444:1911–1919
409:1691–1911
399:1634–1757
389:1399–1634
379:1368–1635
369:1271–1368
359:1206–1368
349:1130–1206
280:Xueyantuo
89:Geography
2078:Hamnigan
2055:Zakhchin
1943:Üzemchin
1913:Khorchin
1908:Kharchin
1805:Taichiud
1779:Olkhonud
1714:Borjigin
1562:Religion
1473:Timeline
1269:Archived
1207:Archived
1085:Buryatia
1035:and the
1019:and the
1017:Mongolia
970:Khwārezm
927:Olkhunut
866:such as
857:Empress
779:subgroup
753:Alan Gua
716:Olkhonud
714:Ikires,
691:Khwarazm
638:Hóngjílá
314:907–1125
255:Göktürks
99:Religion
94:Language
84:Politics
74:Nobility
59:Timeline
18:Qongirat
2216:Mongols
2144:Monguor
2128:Kangjia
2065:Buryats
2045:Torghut
2030:Myangad
2006:Khoshut
1996:Dzungar
1980:Chantuu
1870:Sartuul
1860:Khalkha
1855:Eljigin
1845:Darkhad
1837:Mongols
1759:Manghud
1744:Katagan
1729:Eljigin
1724:Dughlat
1653:Didouyu
1628:Tuyuhun
1618:Kumo Xi
1601:Yujiulü
1585:Xianbei
1465:History
1109:Manchus
1105:Dörwöds
1101:Kalmyks
1097:Mongols
1081:Buryats
990:Jochids
978:Bukhara
974:Manghud
935:Khalkha
876:Yesugei
745:Khalkha
743:of the
675:Chinese
625:Chinese
620:Qoñyrat
616::
609:Қоңырат
304:744–840
294:647–682
284:628–646
274:682–744
272:555–630
263:Eastern
249:330–555
225:Xiongnu
79:Culture
2149:Khatso
2139:Moghol
2133:Mughal
2122:Hazara
2023:Buzava
2021:incl.
2017:Kalmyk
2011:Khoton
1991:Dörbet
1986:Choros
1970:Baatud
1957:Oirats
1923:Naiman
1918:Jaruud
1898:Chahar
1893:Baarin
1769:Naiman
1764:Merkit
1749:Kerait
1739:Jalair
1734:Gorlos
1719:Chonos
1704:Barlas
1694:Baarin
1662:incl.
1658:Khitan
1648:Shiwei
1623:Murong
1599:incl.
1595:Rouran
1590:Wuhuan
1580:Donghu
1493:Rulers
1488:States
1396:et al.
1376:et al.
1356:et al.
1316:et al.
1113:Yakuts
1089:Sojots
1049:Kazakh
1037:Uzbegs
1021:Yugurs
982:Kokand
892:Kublai
830:Khiyad
818:Mongol
767:Oirats
734:Merkit
720:Gorlos
705:Origin
677::
664:Hoelun
635::
633:pinyin
627::
605:Kazakh
265:, and
239:93–234
112:period
69:Rulers
64:States
2175:Yugur
2169:Tuvan
2107:Bonan
2101:Aimaq
2094:Other
2084:Soyot
2073:Barga
2001:Khoid
1975:Bayad
1933:Tumed
1928:Ordos
1815:Tumed
1810:Tatar
1800:Sunud
1784:Ongud
1774:Oirat
1709:Bayad
1699:Barga
1633:Tuoba
1613:Yuwen
1139:Notes
1129:ruled
1127:They
1065:Uzbek
1052:tribe
1029:China
1025:Gansu
1002:Khiva
994:Timur
938:tumen
923:China
699:Timur
259:First
2112:Daur
2035:Olot
1938:Urad
1888:Asud
1671:Zubu
1664:Yelü
1643:Tufa
1638:Qifu
1608:Duan
1131:the
992:and
960:and
882:and
843:gout
806:and
800:flag
749:Shar
685:and
649:and
553:The
491:1990
469:1921
434:1911
1115:in
1107:),
1023:in
976:in
658:'s
645:in
629:弘吉剌
2212::
2193:·
2171:**
2135:**
2124:**
2103:**
1367:^
1327:^
1305:^
1220:^
1184:^
1167:^
1119:.
1039:.
1027:,
948:.
802:,
769:).
755:).
701:.
679:鲁王
631:;
623:;
611:,
607::
603:;
599::
595:;
261:,
2155:)
2151:(
2086:*
2080:*
2013:*
1982:*
1786:*
1449:e
1442:t
1435:v
736:)
591:/
588:d
585:æ
582:r
579:ɪ
576:ɡ
573:ŋ
570:ɒ
567:k
564:ˈ
561:/
557:(
531:e
524:t
517:v
466:)
462:(
269:)
257:(
34:.
20:)
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