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596:), deployed immediately after launch. A battery typically consisted of two groups of 12 rockets and when all 24 were salvoed in an attack, they would fill an area about 15 by 30 m at 1000 m, a density that made it almost certain that the target would be hit. The R4Ms were usually fired in four salvos of six missiles at intervals of 70 milliseconds from a range of 600 m, and would supersonically streak towards their target at a sixty percent higher velocity than the
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corresponding gun-fired shell, the absence of a gun reduced the overall weight considerably. The weight difference was so great that even a much larger and longer-ranged rocket was still lighter than the guns it could replace, although the total number of rounds carried was also reduced from 65 rounds of 30 mm ammunition to only 24 rockets.
588:(30 x 90 mm cartridge) autocannons. Each R4M weighed 3.2 kg and was provided with enough fuel to be fired from 1000 m, just outside the range of the bomber's defensive guns. The main body of the rocket consisted of a simple steel tube with eight base-hinged flip-out fins on the tail for stabilisation (patented by
42:
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bomber formations, had launch tubes that were not only drag-producing, due to their exposed five-strut under-wing mounting, but also from the fact that the launch tubes needed to be aimed upwards at some 15° from level flight, to counter the BR 21 rocket projectile's considerable ballistic drop after
557:
The solution was to replace the underwing gun pods, and the excessively drag-producing large-calibre underwing rocket launch tubes, with a small-diameter solid-fuel rocket-engine-propelled projectile, mounting a warhead similar to that of the cannon shell. Although each "round" was heavier than the
550:
firing. This added to the already considerable drag the launch tube mountings created, and contributed to the Wfr. Gr 21's relatively slow projectile velocity of 1,150 km/h (320 m/s; 710 mph), approximately 60% of the 505 m/s (1,130 mph) velocity of the
600:'s rockets would (the BR 21's projectile travelled at some 1150 km/h post-launch), as the R4M typically had a flight speed of roughly 1,890 km/h (1,170 mph). Two warheads were available for the R4M, the common
460:
The R4M was developed in order to deal with the increasing weight of anti-bomber weapons being deployed by
Luftwaffe fighters. The primary anti-bomber weapon of the Luftwaffe for much of the war was the 20 mm
516:
had higher muzzle velocity and increased range, at the cost of greatly increased weight, size (barrel length of 1.34 meters, or 52-3/4 inches) and much lower rate of fire: 380-420 RPM vs. 600-650 RPM for the
484:, but it was found that it took an average of twenty 20 mm hits to shoot down a typical four-engined Allied bomber. The MG 151/20 was subsequently supplemented with or replaced by the 30 mm
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A was fitted with several R4M rockets, and this setup was tested for several weeks in 1944, without incident. This was the first time a rocket propelled aircraft has had rocket propelled armament.
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explosive charge, nearly guaranteeing a fighter kill with one hit, from the "shattering" force of its explosive warhead — this was the same explosive used in the shells fired by both the
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of over 41 metres at 1,000 metres range after firing. In approaching close enough to get hits, the fighters placed themselves within the range of the dozens of
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492:-mount MG 151/20 on many Bf 109's, and could be fitted into slightly larger underwing pods, which could be used on either the Bf 109 or Fw 190. This heavier-
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defensive machine guns that a combat box formation of a typical USAAF heavy bomber raid possessed, from nearly any approach direction. The more powerful
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856:− 110 mm (4.33 in) (length), (13 mm (0.512 in) (internal top diameter), 45 mm (1.77 in) (internal base diameter)
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644:- however, neither the missile nor the warplane it was exclusively intended for got beyond the prototype stage before the end of the war.
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was much heavier and the larger calibre ammunition made it difficult to carry more than one or two "passes" worth. Worse, the low
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The anti-aircraft version of the R4M used a large warhead of 55 mm with 520 g (18 oz) of the strongly
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881:− 525 m/s (1,720 ft/s) (initial), 125 m/s (410 ft/s) (at 1,000 m (1,090 yd))
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warhead (the same calibre as the BR 21), can be seen as the ultimate development of the basic
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887:− 1,500 m (1,640 yd) (max), 600–1,000 m (656–1,090 yd) (effective)
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The
Luftwaffe found the R4M missiles to have a similar trajectory to the 30 mm
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cannon could bring down a bomber with an average of one to three hits. However, the
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807:− 410 mm (16.1 in) (engine), 148 mm (5.83 in) (tail section)
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rocket. It was intended to be carried (six or eight rockets per plane) by the
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The R4M was used on several late war German combat aircraft, most notably the
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432: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Besides the air-to-air warhead the rocket could also be outfitted with
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German language page on details of the R4M unguided rocket, and its
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Only a small number of aircraft were fitted with the R4M, mostly
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use and the larger shaped charge, similar in construction to the
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filled with 520 g (1.15 lb) of the explosive-mixture
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of this gun meant it had a very short range and suffered a
1088:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 936, 937.
542:, and Focke-Wulf Fw 190 fighters, used to break up the
1170:(2nd ed.). New York City: Bantam Books. pp.
565:
Anti-tank version of the R4M rocket on display at the
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warheads for air-to-ground use, then called R4HL for
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fighters, firing through the propeller spinner as a
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Me 262 with R4M underwing rockets on display at the
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Me 262 with R4M underwing rockets on display at the
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538:BR 21) rockets fitted to Messerschmitt Bf 109 and
1195:Jeffrey L. Ethell; Alfred Price (1 April 1994).
1110:"The Panzerschreck ammunition, Alternative use"
1259:
8:
671:'s rounds in flight, so the standard Revi 16
584:(30 x 184 mm cartridge) and
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1085:High Explosives, Propellants, Pyrotechnics
592:in 1930 and also used on the contemporary
29:
1862:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1944
1082:Koch, Ernst-Christian (18 January 2021).
448:Learn how and when to remove this message
386:warhead fitted with a ballistic cap, and
1857:Research and development in Nazi Germany
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374:) and existed in two primary versions:
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700:− Rakete, 4 kilogramm, Minenkopf (R4M)
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656:and the ground attack version of the
251:Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum
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801:− 55 mm (2.17 in) (engine)
430:adding citations to reliable sources
199:600–1,000 m (656–1,090 yd)
624:, mounting a gigantic 210 mm
25:
488:, which replaced the centerline
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196:Effective firing range
40:
1852:World War II weapons of Germany
417:needs additional citations for
382:), consisting of an 88 mm
315:. It featured a high capacity "
841:− 0.815 kg (1.80 lb)
755:− 0.8 mm (0.0315 in)
679:Technical specifications (R4M)
604:with a 0.4 kg charge for
364:). These warheads were called
284:), also known by the nickname
278:Rakete, 4 kilogramm, Minenkopf
204:Maximum firing range
191:525 m/s (1,720 ft/s)
46:R4M "Orkan" on display at the
1:
1847:Air-to-air rockets of Germany
1274:German aerial weapons of the
736:High-Explosive, High-Capacity
721:− 3.85 kg (8.49 lb)
510:AN/M2 "light barrel" Browning
282:Rocket, 4 kilogram, Mine-head
869:− 245 kp (540 lbf)
813:− 242 mm (9.53 in)
761:− 520 g (1.15 lb)
749:− 200 mm (7.87 in)
715:− 812 mm (32.0 in)
675:gunsight could be utilized.
207:1,500 m (1,640 yd)
1162:Ziegler, Mano (July 1984).
743:− 55 mm (2.17 in)
567:Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
160:3.85 kg (8.49 lb)
48:German Museum of Technology
1878:
1198:World War II fighting jets
168:812 mm (32.0 in)
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331:), which consists of 40%
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227:520 g (1.15 lb)
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176:55 mm (2.17 in)
65:Place of origin
39:
1134:J. Miranda; P. Mercado.
907:HTA 41 composition: 40%
1774:Blohm & Voss BV 950
1769:Blohm & Voss BV 246
1764:Blohm & Voss BV 143
1201:. Airlife. p. 38.
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1364:Anti-tank autocannons
1237:ground attack version
954:RS-82 (rocket family)
833:Propellant dimensions
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654:Messerschmitt Me 262s
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1757:Experimental weapons
1690:High-explosive bombs
1554:Armor-piercing bombs
1456:Anti-personnel bombs
1150:U.S. patent 1879840A
936:3.5-inch FFAR rocket
426:improve this article
309:Messerschmitt Me 262
239:Technikmuseum Speyer
187:Muzzle velocity
276:, abbreviation for
224:Filling weight
942:5-inch FFAR rocket
845:Combustion chamber
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388:Panzerblitz 3
376:Panzerblitz 2
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106:Production history
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1409:Werfer-Granate 21
1208:978-1-85310-406-0
854:Nozzle dimensions
839:Propellant weight
827:diethylene glycol
708:Air-to-air rocket
534:(Wfr. Gr. 21, or
531:Werfer-Granate 21
470:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
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294:air-to-air rocket
267:Rudolf Rademacher
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16:(Redirected from
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1391:Unguided rockets
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1056:on 19 March 2018
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636:B model of the
622:Panzerblitz III
502:muzzle velocity
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327:(also known as
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78:In service
73:Service history
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825:− Solid fuel
824:
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797:
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793:Rocket engine
792:
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669:MK 108 cannon
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631:
627:
626:hollow charge
623:
619:
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610:Panzerschreck
607:
606:anti-aircraft
603:
599:
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559:
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552:MK 108 cannon
548:
545:
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533:
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527:
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514:MK 103 cannon
511:
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486:MK 108 cannon
483:
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415:This section
413:
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389:
385:
384:Panzerschreck
381:
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361:hollow charge
357:
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352:shaped charge
348:
346:
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319:" equivalent
318:
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265:shot down by
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146:
145:air-to-ground
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63:
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57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
31:
19:
1419:Guided bombs
1403:
1284:Machine guns
1241:
1234:
1212:. Retrieved
1197:
1190:
1165:
1157:
1144:
1136:Unknown! N.5
1135:
1129:
1117:. Retrieved
1114:bergflak.com
1113:
1104:
1084:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:the original
1049:
884:
878:
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719:Total weight
718:
713:Total length
712:
703:
697:
672:
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651:
634:tank-busting
629:
621:
601:
590:Edgar Brandt
572:
556:
535:
529:
523:
489:
477:
459:
444:
435:
424:Please help
419:verification
416:
391:
387:
379:
375:
365:
355:
349:
328:
324:
306:
302:World War II
296:used by the
285:
277:
273:
272:
269:with the R4M
215:HTA 41> (
119:Manufacturer
100:World War II
86:Used by
1822: [
1399:Panzerblitz
1317:Autocannons
1235:Panzerblitz
1214:3 September
1046:"R4M Orkan"
944:(US forces)
938:(US forces)
861:Performance
786:Fuze length
642:dive-bomber
614:Panzerblitz
598:Wfr. Gr. 21
554:'s shells.
528:42-derived
526:Nebelwerfer
490:Motorkanone
478:Motorkanone
398:Development
367:Panzerblitz
313:rocket pods
34:R4M rocket
1841:Categories
1622:SD 4/HL RS
1592:PC 1800 Rs
1587:PC 1000 Rs
961:References
867:Max thrust
817:Fin-swivel
687:borderless
648:Operations
547:combat box
536:Bordrakete
524:Also, the
466:autocannon
370:(English:
358:(English:
356:hohlladung
317:mine shell
288:(English:
280:(English:
139:air-to-air
18:R4M rocket
1789:Jagdfaust
1670:AB 500-3A
1665:AB 500-1B
1582:PC 500 Rs
1484:SD 10 FRZ
921:aluminium
873:Burn time
782:nose fuze
620:use. The
618:anti-tank
594:M8 rocket
463:MG 151/20
392:PB 3
380:PB 2
345:aluminium
298:Luftwaffe
290:Hurricane
241:, Germany
129:, Germany
90:Luftwaffe
81:1944-1945
1675:AB 70-D1
1660:AB 500-1
1655:AB 250-3
1650:AB 250-2
1612:SC 10 DW
1469:SD 1 FRZ
1423:missiles
930:See also
919:and 15%
879:Velocity
875:− 0.75 s
811:Fin-span
799:Diameter
482:gun pods
343:and 15%
134:Variants
127:Osterode
123:Heber AG
111:Designed
1804:MK 214A
1748:SC 2500
1743:SC 2000
1738:SC 1800
1733:SC 1200
1728:SC 1000
1708:SB 2500
1703:SB 1800
1698:SB 1000
1627:SD 9/HL
1617:SD 4 HL
1602:PD 1000
1577:PC 1600
1572:PC 1400
1567:PC 1000
1544:SD 1700
1539:SD 1400
1534:SD 500E
1529:SD 500A
1514:SBe 250
1489:SD 10 C
1479:SD 10 A
1436:Hs 117H
1431:Fritz X
1350:MK 214A
1172:155–156
1119:22 June
1060:22 June
915:), 45%
909:Hexogen
741:Caliber
726:Warhead
692:General
658:Fw 190s
578:Hexogen
575:brisant
494:caliber
474:Bf 109G
339:), 45%
333:Hexogen
321:warhead
212:Filling
68:Germany
1819:SG 116
1809:MK 115
1799:MK 112
1794:MG 213
1723:SC 500
1718:SC 250
1680:BDC 10
1597:PD 500
1562:PC 500
1524:SD 500
1519:SD 250
1499:SBe 50
1441:Hs 293
1381:BK 7.5
1371:BK 3.7
1345:MK 108
1340:MK 103
1335:MK 101
1330:MG 151
1307:MG 131
1205:
1178:
1092:
849:nozzle
819:− 100°
805:Length
767:torpex
763:HTA 41
747:Length
662:Me 163
612:, the
586:MK 108
582:MK 103
540:Bf 110
519:MK 108
498:MK 108
329:HTA 15
325:HTA 41
217:torpex
165:Length
143:R4HL (
59:Rocket
27:Rocket
1826:]
1713:SC 50
1645:AB 23
1607:SC 10
1509:SD 70
1504:SD 50
1494:SD 15
1325:MG FF
1297:MG 17
1292:MG 15
892:Notes
885:Range
776:model
630:Orkan
544:USAAF
286:Orkan
173:Width
137:R4M (
1474:SD 2
1464:SD 1
1421:and
1376:BK 5
1216:2013
1203:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1121:2021
1090:ISBN
1062:2021
948:RP-3
829:tube
780:AzR2
774:Fuze
732:Type
704:Type
698:Name
640:jet
602:PB-3
263:B-24
157:Mass
114:1944
96:Wars
55:Type
1404:R4M
917:TNT
913:RDX
428:by
341:TNT
337:RDX
274:R4M
1843::
1824:de
1174:.
1112:.
1070:^
1048:.
969:^
900:^
778:−
734:−
521:.
304:.
261:A
125:,
1267:e
1260:t
1253:v
1218:.
1184:.
1138:.
1123:.
1098:.
1064:.
911:(
769:)
765:(
673:B
569:.
451:)
445:(
440:)
436:(
422:.
390:(
378:(
335:(
219:)
147:)
141:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
