Wallonia - Knowledge (XXG)

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sixty-nine in 1903, and then they fall again, down to eleven in 1913. See 'Switching Languages', p. 153. Yves Quairiaux counted 4800 plays for 1860–1914, published or not. In this period plays were almost the only popular show in Wallonia. But this theater remains popular in the present-day Wallonia: Theater is still flourishing, with over 200 non-professional companies playing in the cities and villages of Wallonia for an audience of over 200,000 each year.

209: 1420: 191: 4351: 3669: 3041: 1946: 1603: 1096: 3863: 2925:). The regional languages of Wallonia are more important than in France, and they have been officially recognized by the government. With the development of education in French, however, these dialects have been in continual decline. There is currently an effort to revive Walloon dialects; some schools offer language courses in Walloon, and Walloon is also spoken in some radio programmes, but this effort remains very limited. 2526: 1211: 131: 2339: 6725: 2122: 2810: 1910: 232: 4371: 785: 1892: 1856: 1477: 4026: 2939: 2713: 1928: 2324: 1838: 4208:. It is accessible to sea and river transporters weighing up to 2,500 tonnes, and to push two-barge convoys (4,500 tonnes, soon to be raised to 9,000 tonnes). Even if Wallonia does not have direct access to the sea, it is very well connected to the major ports thanks to an extensive network of navigable waterways that pervades Belgium, and it has effective river connections to 1820: 4338: 3783: 3496: 1690: 1874: 1802: 3258: 6256: 1701: 3945:. The Walloons of the Door Peninsula in Wisconsin have a tradition of making what is called a Belgian Pie but which is a flat pie more like a pizza covered with prune purée and topped with a thin cheese layer. These were made by the dozens in outdoor stone ovens for the many kermisses, in a tradition that dates back to immigration in the 1850s. 2225: 2217:

the end of an era, and Wallonia has been making efforts to redefine itself. The restoration of economical development is high on the political agenda, and the government is encouraging development of industries, notably in cutting-edge technology and in business parks. The economy is improving, but Wallonia is not yet at the level of

2388:. The Walloon Region's autonomy extends even to foreign policy; Wallonia is entitled to pursue its own foreign policy, including the signing of treaties, and in many domains, even the Belgian federal government is not able to sign an international treaty without the agreement of the Parliament of Wallonia. 1231: 3154:

In their 'Histoire illustrée des lettres française de Belgique', Charlier and Hanse (editors), La Renaissance du livre, Bruxelles, 1958, published 247 pages (on 655 ), about the "French" literature in the Walloon provinces (or Walloon principalities of the Middle-Age, sometimes also Flemish provinces

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possesses a surprisingly large collection of literary works in Walloon, quite possibly the largest outside Belgium, and its holding are representative of the output. Out of nearly a thousand, twenty-six were published before 1880. Thereafter the numbers rise gradually year by year, reaching a peak of

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The two World Wars curbed the continuous expansion that Wallonia had enjoyed up till that time. Towards the end of the 1950s, things began to change dramatically. The factories of Wallonia were by then antiquated, the coal was running out and the cost of extracting coal was constantly rising. It was

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Le latin apporté en Gaule par les légions romaines avait fini par éclater en de multiples dialectes (...) peu à peu, pour répondre aux besoins des pouvoirs publics et religieux se forme une langue standard. Dans ce processus qui aboutira à l'élaboration du français, la Wallonie est présente dès les

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Benoît Denis et Jean-Marie Klinkenberg, Littérature : entre insularité et activisme in Le Tournant des années 1970. Liège en effervescence, Les Impressions nouvelles, Bruxelles, 2010, pp. 237–253, p. 252. French : Ancion monte l'Ubu rwèen 1975 (...) la culture dialectalisante cesse d'être

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A signature Walloon sausage is called Belgian Trippe among the Walloon community of Northeastern Wisconsin on the Door Peninsula. It is a blend of pork and cabbage made differently from household to household and probably based on a traditional Walloon sausage such as Boudin Verte d'Orp. Cussette

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culture from a tradition of making it in the kitchen. This is aged only one week at 30 degrees C, until it develops a faint blue cast and a tang. Walloon headcheese differs from the German in that it is more finely ground, includes bits of cartilage, and is allowed to sit for a month or two in a

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is almost entirely composed of members of Wallonia's and Brussels' parliaments, so the bodies are governed by the same individuals. Additionally, the French Community of Belgium has controversially begun referring to itself exclusively as the 'Wallonia-Brussels Federation' to emphasize the links

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The profitability of the heavy industries to which Wallonia owed its prosperity started declining in the first half of the 20th century, and the centre of industrial activity shifted north to Flanders. The loss of prosperity caused social unrest, and Wallonia sought greater autonomy in order to

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has greatly diminished, and the Flemish Region has exceeded Wallonia in wealth as Wallonia has declined economically. Wallonia now suffers from high unemployment and has a significantly lower GDP per capita than Flanders. The economic inequalities and linguistic divide between the two are major

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In terms of drink, Wallonia mirrors Belgium as a whole; beer and wine are both popular, and a great diversity of beers are made and enjoyed in Wallonia. Installed in Bierghes in the Senne valley, the Gueuzerie Tilquin is the only gueuze blendery in Wallonia. Wallonia boasts three of the seven

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The current Walloon economy is relatively diversified, although certain areas (especially around Charleroi and Liège) are still suffering from the steel industry crisis, with an unemployment rate of up to 30 percent. Nonetheless, Wallonia has some companies which are world leaders in their

567:, Wallonia was second only to the United Kingdom in industrialization, capitalizing on its extensive deposits of coal and iron. This brought the region wealth, and from the beginning of the 19th to the middle of the 20th century, Wallonia was the more prosperous half of Belgium. Since 2477:, especially the 1993 state reform, Belgium became a federal state made up of three communities and three regions, with Wallonia being represented by the Walloon Region and its two language communities. The directly elected Walloon Parliament was created in June 1995, replacing the 4632:

Article 3: Belgium comprises three Regions: the Flemish Region, the Walloon Region and the Brussels Region. Article 4: Belgium comprises four linguistic regions: the Dutch-speaking region, the French-speaking region, the bilingual region of Brussels-Capital and the German-speaking

3922:: These cheese tarts are not found in window displays as they are meant to be eaten straight from the oven. As one restaurateur stated in a book about Walloon gastronomy "it is the client who waits for the flamiche, as the flamiche does not wait for the client". There are also the 913:

established several settlements, probably mostly in the north of the province where the romanization was less advanced and some Germanic trace was still present. The language border (that now splits Belgium in the middle) began to crystallize between 700 under the reign of the

1404:) is more reflective of the physical geography. The larger region, the Ardennes, is a thickly forested plateau with caves and small gorges. It is host to much of Belgium's wildlife but little agricultural capacity. This area extends westward into France and eastward to the 1181:

are not principally linked with the four language areas nor with the Communities but with the Regions. In 1968, the conflict between the communities burst out. French speakers in Flanders (who were not necessarily Walloons) were driven out of, most notably the Leuven-based

2209:, and Wallonia was the second industrial power in the world, in proportion to its population and its territory, after the United Kingdom. The sole industrial centre in Belgium outside the collieries and blast furnaces of Wallonia was the historic cloth making town of 5891:

The "Trois Visages de Liege", (...) full of provocative sound collages not only moments in sonic civic history, but the sounds of its historical events as well: wildcat strikes and their ensuing violence in 1960, protests against new laws being enacted, etc. See

595:, the former industrial backbone of Belgium. To the north of this valley, Wallonia lies on the Central Belgian Plateau, which, like Flanders, is a relatively flat and agriculturally fertile area. The south and southeast of Wallonia is made up of the 5454:« les Germains, au contraire, réservant pour eux seuls le noble nom de Franks, s'obstinaient, dès le onzième siècle, à ne plus voir de Franks dans la Gaule, qu'ils nommaient dédaigneusement Wallonie, terre des Wallons ou des Welsches » 171: 5300: 4188:(TEN-T). This priority programme run by the European Union provides more than 70,000 km of transport infrastructure, including motorways, express rail lines and roadways, and has been developed to carry substantial volumes of traffic. 1281:, the historical centre of the Belgian coalmining and steelmaking industry, and is also called the Walloon industrial backbone. Due to their long industrial historic record, several segments of the valley have received specific names: 3118:

theater "at the umbilical cord" in Walloon indicating a desire to return to the source (according to Joan Cross). But Jacques Ancion wanted to develop a regular adult audience. From the 19th century, he included the Walloon play

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The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 105.7 billion € in 2018, accounting for 23% of Belgian economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €25,700 or 85% of the EU27 average in the same year.

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as a reference to the romance world as opposed to Germany is said to date from 1842. Two years later, it was first used to refer to the Romance part of the young country of Belgium. In 1886, the writer and Walloon militant

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is still constitutionally defined as the "Walloon Region" as opposed to "Wallonia", but the latter has been adopted by the regional government and is in common use. Prior to 2010, when the renaming came into effect,

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developed in the southern part of the Low Countries and was an important contribution to Renaissance culture. Robert Wangermée and Philippe Mercier wrote in their encyclopedic book about the Walloon music that

4465: 552:, which is the political entity responsible for matters related mainly to culture and education, are independent concepts, because the French Community of Belgium encompasses both Wallonia and the bilingual 1262:

which separates Middle Belgium (elevation 100–200 m (330–660 ft)) and High Belgium (200–700 m (660–2,300 ft)). This fault line corresponds to a part of the southern coast of the late

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La Belgique comprend quatre régions linguistiques : la région de langue française, la région de langue néerlandaise, la région bilingue de Bruxelles-Capitale et la région de langue allemande.

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is specialized in freight, although it also operates tourist-oriented charter flights. Today, Liège is the 8th airport for European freight and aims to reach the 5th rank in the next decade.

6815: 3832:). The dragon fights Saint George by attacking with his tail. Saint George on his horse turns clockwise and the dragon turns in the other direction. Saint George finally kills the dragon. 3353:

was not confined to the boundaries of modern Flanders and several leading artists came from or worked in areas in which langues d'oïl were spoken, from the region of modern Wallonia, e.g.

2054: 2600:), written by Theophile Bovy in 1900 and composed by Louis Hillier in 1901, was also adopted. On September 21, 1913, the "national" feast day of Wallonia took place for the first time in 6146: 4949: 5165: 3881:

a rich, dense, sweet, and chewy waffle native to Liège, is the most popular type of waffle in Belgium, and can be found in stores and even vending machines throughout the country.

3308: 6556: 3690:, is considered by Robert Stallaerts as the father of the Walloon cinema. He wrote: "Although a Fleming, he can be called the father of the Walloon cinema". For F. André between 4695: 6050: 5225: 5135: 4274: 4983: 2194:

during this period, but their output was small, and was principally consumed as fuel by various industries such as the important glassmaking industry that sprang up in the

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is not the only example of medieval Walloon technical expertise: the words "houille" (coal) or "houilleur" (coal miner) or "grisou" (damp) were coined in Wallonia and are

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The AWEX organizes regular trade missions to the promising market of Kazakhstan, where it has a representative office in Almaty. In 2017, the AWEX together with the

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in the 19th century: "That period saw an efflorescence of Walloon literature, plays and poems primarily, and the founding of many theaters and periodicals."

6561: 4316: 545: 5735: 5497:, dans son sens politique d'affirmation culturelle régionale, lorsque le Liégeois Albert Mockel crée une revue littéraire sous ce nom» Philippe Destatte, 2109:

has acquired an international reputation as consulting engineer and architect in the fields of structures, civil engineering and buildings, including the

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referred specifically to the government. In practice, the difference between the two terms is small and what is meant is usually clear, based on context.

3824:'s central square. It represents the fight between Saint George (the good) and the dragon (the evil). The dragon is a mannequin carried and moved by the 3072:

literature (regional language not French) has been printed since the 16th century. But it did have its golden age, paradoxically, during the peak of the

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and its surroundings being perhaps the most striking. Other regions of Wallonia also have characteristic accents, often linked to the regional language.

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politically, in contrast to Flanders, which is more right-wing. The region has been described as one of the few places in Europe without a significant

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of western Belgium. Notable Belgian authors who wrote in Picard include Géo Libbrecht, Paul Mahieu, Paul André, Francis Couvreur and Florian Duc.

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Wallonia is rich in iron and coal, and these resources and related industries have played an important role in its history. In ancient times, the

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took advantage of this to regain some of their autonomy. From the 16th to the 18th century, the Low Countries were governed successively by the

4607: 2845:, is similar to that spoken in France, with slight differences in pronunciation and some vocabulary differences, notably the use of the words 2380:

made up of three communities and three regions, each with considerable autonomy. One of these is the Walloon Region, which is governed by the

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in Robert Wangermée et Philippe Mercier, La musique en Wallonie et à Bruxelles, La Renaissance du livre, Bruxelles, 1980, Tome I, pp. 37–40.

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For Jean-Marie Klinkenberg, "the dialectal culture is no more a sign of attachment to the past but a way to participate to a new synthesis".

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dynasty of Spain (from the early 16th century until 1713–14) and later by Austria (until 1794). This territory was enlarged in 1521–22 when

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Joan Gross, Speaking in Other Voices: An Ethnography of Walloon Puppet Theaters. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins Press, 2001;

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Wallonia is famous for a number of different foods and drinks, a great many of which are specialties of certain cities or regions. The

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Robert Wangermée et Philippe Mercier, La musique en Wallonie et à Bruxelles, La Renaissance du livre, Bruxelles, 1980, Tome I, p. 10.

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Literature is written principally in French but also in Walloon and other regional languages, colloquially called Walloon literature.

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politicians are banned from interviews and live appearances. The ban has also affected more mainstream right-wing parties such as the

2416: 1986: 1441: 4692: 4319:(AWEX) is the Wallonia Region of Belgium's government agency in charge of foreign trade promotion and foreign investment attraction. 2415:, the Walloon Region remains in principle distinct from and independent from the French Community, and vice versa. Despite this, the 6058: 5912: 5876: 5794: 5701: 5672: 5233: 5036: 4109: 3303:, with manuscript illumination, metalwork, and enamel work from the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries. Among them is the masterpiece of 3022: 2796: 1107:. This brought the region great economic prosperity, which was not mirrored in poorer Flanders and the result was a large amount of 1064: 1052: 5143: 4529: 2636:

The population of Wallonia is predominantly of Christian heritage. In 2016, 68% of residents of Wallonia declared themselves to be

1202:(comprising both Wallonia and Brussels), administrative entities each of which would gain various levels of considerable autonomy. 3235:. More than 500 million of his books have been sold, and they have been translated into 55 languages. There is a link between the 6339: 6285: 4811: 4251: 4185: 4128: 2091: 2058: 1969: 1084: 3974:) in addition to a great number of other locally brewed beers. Wallonia is also home to the last bastion of traditional rustic 3073: 2468: 2250: 1170: 1162: 1154: 1115:

was characterized by an economy centred on agriculture; on the other hand, Wallonia was the centre of the continental European

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is a popular tourist destination for its nature and outdoor sports, in addition to its cultural heritage, with places such as

2045:, an important chemical for many industrial uses. Ernest Solvay also acted as a major philanthropist and gave its name to the 5369: 4047: 2960: 2734: 2440: 2435:, elected by a political majority in Parliament. The Government has nine members with the president. Each member is called a 2331: 1132: 1056: 303: 949: 1991:

Contributions to the development of science and technology have appeared since the beginning of the country's history. The

4389: 4323: 2046: 1021: 5893: 5203: 905:, has characteristics of these three languages and was likely written in or very near to what is now Wallonia around 880 6795: 6608: 3510: 3484: 3389: 1068: 1013: 741: 4090: 3820:

and the dragon. The combat (after the procession), plays out on the Trinity Sunday between 12:30 pm and 1:00 pm on the

3700: 3580:– Pierre the miner – based on a real incident which occurred in 1877 during a miners' strike in the Liège region), and 3003: 2813:

A linguistic map of Wallonia. In all areas, except the German-speaking part, French is currently the dominant language.

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being applied specifically to the French-speaking inhabitants vis-à-vis the other inhabitants of the Principality.

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referred to all the inhabitants of the Principality vis-à-vis the other inhabitants of the Low Countries, the word

2444: 1437: 1128: 5343:"The Walloons do not send any far-right elected officials either to the Region, nor to the Federal, nor to Europe" 4036: 2949: 2723: 2395:, a political level responsible for matters related mainly to culture and education, with the remainder living in 6546: 6272: 4228: 4043: 3634:, mobile forms, and aleatory, often mediating between or among seemingly irreconcilable styles, such as those of 3156: 2956: 2730: 2542:, first used the word with a political meaning of cultural and regional affirmation, in opposition with the word 1124: 1036: 901: 839:

influence which was stronger in the north than in the south of the province. Gallia Belgica became progressively

772: 658: 438: 5743: 4586: 4069: 2982: 2756: 2481:(Regional Council of Wallonia). The first Council had sat on 15 October 1980 and was composed of members of the 6592: 5125:

on 26 August 2010: 9.8 million visitors in 2009 (2.8 in Brussels), 6% of the regional economy (15% in Brussels)

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of Liège (PAL) is the third largest inland port in Europe. It carries out the management of 31 ports along the

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In the 19th century, the area began to industrialize, and Wallonia was the first fully industrialized area in

291: 4645: 3151:) wrote that Wallonia, and literature in Wallonia, has been present in French language since its formation. 548:. It accounts for 55% of Belgium's territory, but only a third of its population. The Walloon Region and the 6820: 4770: 4231:, permits river traffic of up to the new 1350-tonne standard to pass between the waterways of the Meuse and 3436:(1901—1984) was a Walloon sculptor, known above all for his representations of the female, in the manner of 3080: 2474: 2359: 2147: 1243: 1195: 1174: 1166: 840: 592: 5955: 5784: 5516: 5481:, Institut Jules Destrée, Coll. «Notre histoire», Mont-sur-Marchienne, 1990, 3rd ed. (1st ed. 1965), p. 12. 5422:"N-VA-kandidaat in Wallonië in de ban geslagen: waarom er rechts van MR geen zuurstof is over de taalgrens" 4177:

Wallonia has an extensive and well-developed rail network, served by the Belgian National Railway Company,

3192: 3160: 6724: 4775: 4384: 4076: 3708:), a film regarded as a point of reference in the history of the cinema. On the other hand, films such as 3403: 3268:, 21.5 x 33 cm, c. 1526–1550, Musée des Arts anciens du Namurois, Namur. This landscape is similar to the 3180: 3144: 2989: 2914: 2763: 2432: 2385: 2381: 2343: 2065:

on Physics and Chemistry, which have had a deep impact on the evolution of quantum physics and chemistry.

2007: 1353: 1290: 1242:, with an area of 16,901 km (6,526 sq mi), or 55 percent of the total area of Belgium. The 1079: 755: 740:

included both historical secular Walloon principalities, as well as the French-speaking population of the

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and principalities), for a period from the 11th to the 18th century. Among the works or the authors, the

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until July 28 when it was replaced by a centre-left coalition MR-cdH. The current Minister-President is

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The province of Walloon Brabant is the most recent one, being formed in 1995 after the splitting of the

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To the north of the Sambre and Meuse valley lies the Central Belgian plateau, which is characterized by

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Images et paysages mentaux des XIXe et XXe siècles de la Wallonie à l'Outre-Mer, Hommage au professeur

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since the beginning. Between 1370 and 1468, a school of music flourished in Liège, notably producing

3332: 3232: 3172: 2971: 2745: 2591: 2367: 1786: 1566: 1433: 923: 646: 308: 158: 2573:), which is widely used, particularly on arms and flags. The rooster was chosen as an emblem by the 2106: 1198:, which resulted in the federalisation of the nation and the creation of the Walloon Region and the 6710: 6585: 4616: 4280: 4171: 3802: 3770: 2502: 2068: 1683: 1088: 1044: 970: 804: 591:. Most of Wallonia's major cities and two-thirds of its population lie along the east–west aligned 5765: 2881: 2557:

to choose different symbols representing Wallonia. The main symbol is the "bold rooster" (French:

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brought a delegation of 30 companies to Astana and Almaty, the two largest cities in Kazakhstan.

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in the east, which has its own government and parliament for culture-related issues. Although in

2206: 2015: 1413: 1136: 1104: 1060: 1048: 958: 577: 6019: 3812:. It comprises two important parts: the procession, the descent and the ascent of the shrine of 3569: 3087:

There are links between French literature and (the very small) Walloon literature. For instance

1780: 879: 5539: 4780:, Coll. «Notre histoire», Mont-sur-Marchienne, 1990, 3rd ed. (1st ed. 1965), foodnote 13 p. 86. 1419: 685:

The term "Wallonia" can mean slightly different things in different contexts. One of the three

6790: 6700: 6489: 6461: 6379: 6235: 5908: 5872: 5790: 5697: 5668: 5627: 5522: 5323: 5122: 5032: 4703: 3997: 3907: 3902: 3765: 3723: 3695: 3668: 3553: 3514: 3472: 3369: 3336: 3261: 3168: 2661: 2412: 2202: 2139: 2099: 2062: 1524: 1345: 1277: 1215: 1001: 986: 745: 729: 713: 654: 650: 993:, which was taught in schools, lost its hegemony during the 13th century and was replaced by 6484: 6446: 6201: 5455: 5315: 4903: 4803: 4688: 4471: 4224: 4144: 4140: 3989: 3627: 3573: 3565: 3546: 3518: 3480: 3460: 3441: 3251: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3100: 3069: 3056: 3040: 2906: 2894: 2886: 2809: 2613: 2582: 2566: 2554: 2547: 2464: 2019: 2000: 1482: 1369: 1255: 1009: 974: 892: 888: 852: 836: 662: 475: 408: 135: 93: 6176: 5989: 4235:

rivers. Completed in 2002 at an estimated cost of €160 million (then 6.4 billion

1119:, where classical liberal and socialist movements were rapidly emerging. Major strikes and 6504: 6456: 6289: 4710: 4699: 4615:. Brussels, Belgium: Belgian House of Representatives. May 2014. p. 5. Archived from 4418: 4294: 4239:) the lift has increased river traffic from 256 kT in 2001 to 2,295 kT in 2006. 4197: 4155: 3889:, is a sweet bread typically eaten around Christmas time and found throughout the region. 3798: 3791: 3601: 3581: 3561: 3557: 3503: 3499: 3377: 3366: 3311:. The architecture of Roman churches of Wallonia are also named mosan, exemplified by the 3247: 3228: 3224: 3088: 2890: 2830: 2822: 2183: 1650: 1325: 1317: 1259: 1190:!" ("Walloons out!"). After a formal split of the university in two and the creation of a 1095: 962: 884: 638: 603: 516: 508: 64: 50: 3878: 3741: 3737: 3709: 3609: 3593: 3107: 2608:

of 1830. It is held annually on the third Sunday of September. The Assembly also chose a

954: 5827: 5810: 5521:, Academia Bruylant, Presses Universitaires de l'UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, 2007, pp. 35–48 4894:

M. Gysseling (1962). "La genèse de la frontière linguistique dans le Nord de la Gaule".

3862: 961:, fought in present-day Wallonia. Belgium was united with the Netherlands following the 6499: 6438: 6294: 5599: 4458: 4450: 4376: 4159: 4131:

has become an important passenger airport, especially with low fares companies such as

3677: 3635: 3623: 3476: 3292: 3164: 2838: 2637: 2525: 2486: 2408: 2110: 2038: 1992: 1744: 1608: 1344:. South of the sillon industriel, the land is more rugged and is characterized by more 1294: 1210: 1120: 1112: 985:. On Lotharingia's breakup in 959, the present-day territory of Belgium became part of 978: 824: 821: 788: 666: 572: 537: 399: 295: 79: 6282: 4083: 2996: 2770: 2338: 2178:

being important regional centers. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the iron masters of

2018:. But that was already the case before the Industrial Revolution, with an engineer as 6784: 6466: 6451: 4799: 4350: 4236: 4167: 3967: 3959: 3870: 3867: 3821: 3745: 3714: 3468: 3452: 3437: 3362: 3354: 3304: 3231:

is likely the most widely read French-speaking writer in the world, according to the

3212: 3048: 2826: 2671: 2578: 2550:. The word had previously appeared in German and Latin as early as the 17th century. 2539: 2443:. The coalition government for the 2014–2019 legislature was a centre-left coalition 2377: 2264: 2095: 2034: 2030: 2026: 1996: 1738: 1492: 1432:

The Walloon region covers 16,901 km (6,526 sq mi) and is divided into

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Tome I (Lettres, arts, culture), La Renaissance du Livre, Bruxelles,1977, pp.99–107.

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In the 19th and 20th centuries, there was an emergence of major violinists, such as

5643: 5626:, Edited by Steven G. Kellman Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003, p. 153; 5513:

in Luc Courtois, Jean-Pierre Delville, Françoise Rosart & Guy Zélis (editors),

4997: 4205: 3938: 3897: 3893: 3817: 3761: 3687: 3657: 3639: 3464: 3433: 3419: 3130: 2452: 2327: 2308: 2239: 2151: 2121: 2087: 2033:, the first generator to produce power on a commercial scale for industry. Chemist 1146: 877:, Vulgar Latin regionally developed along different lines and evolved into several 874: 856: 733: 568: 329: 2182:

developed a method of refining iron ore by the use of a blast furnace, called the

1397: 1316:. The Walloon part of this plateau is traditionally divided into several regions: 784: 5463: 5274:"Getting to know Belgian politics: the traditional pillars versus left and right" 2201:

In the 19th century, the area began to industrialize, mainly along the so-called

618:. This community represents less than 1% of the Belgian population. It forms the 168: 5719:

Surrealism in the Provinces. Flemish and Walloon Identity in the Interwar period

5096: 4025: 3644: 3585: 3529: 3448: 3427: 3415: 3385: 3350: 3324: 3148: 3052: 3045: 2938: 2712: 2304: 2235: 2155: 1951: 1389: 1111:. Belgium was divided into two divergent communities. On the one hand, the very 989:, which then fragmented into rival principalities and duchies by 1190. Literary 982: 919: 915: 863: 844: 752: 615: 6577: 5301:"The Curious Case of Belgium: Why is There no Right-Wing Populism in Wallonia?" 831:

and the southern part of the Netherlands. The population of this territory was

694:

could sometimes refer to the territory governed by the Walloon Region, whereas

17: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6692: 5370:"Belgian election tests limits of media's far-right boycott – DW – 06/04/2024" 4568: 4366: 3753: 3613: 3456: 3200: 3176: 2918: 2910: 2645: 2323: 2276: 1239: 994: 939: 777: 748: 6317: 6304: 5327: 4907: 4746:"Welsh | Etymology, origin and meaning of the name Welsh by etymonline" 4394: 4213: 4163: 3757: 3648:), or Pousseur's own serial style and the protest song "We shall overcome" ( 3631: 3373: 3300: 3288: 2510: 2498: 2272: 2268: 2195: 2187: 1720: 1409: 1302: 1298: 1251: 796: 709: 634: 588: 451: 6277: 6147:"Economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and Belgium discussed in Brussels" 5256:"Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018" 4691:

states Wallonia is the short form and Walloon Region is the long form. The

3911: 3782: 3774:

for instance is regarded as one of the most spiritually significant films.

3495: 2130: 1689: 6331: 6255: 5056: 5014:

Allan H. Kittel, "The Revolutionary Period of the Industrial Revolution",

4727: 3257: 622:, which has its own government and parliament for culture-related issues. 6682: 6659: 6422: 5595: 4355: 4298: 4009: 4001: 3942: 3934: 3923: 3919: 3813: 3705: 3653: 3617: 3605: 3597: 3538: 3522: 3407: 3381: 3316: 3104: 2876: 2865: 2842: 2601: 2404: 2396: 2292: 2284: 2243: 2218: 2191: 2179: 2134: 2076: 2042: 1915: 1768: 1762: 1726: 1534: 1393: 1361: 1348:. It is traditionally divided into the regions of Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse, 1321: 1282: 1247: 1178: 1017: 935: 927: 870: 828: 725: 626: 596: 553: 541: 428: 376: 4745: 1700: 6669: 6623: 6363: 5319: 4232: 4217: 4209: 4196:

With traffic of over 20 million tonnes and 26 kilometres of quays, the

4136: 4132: 4050: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4005: 3993: 3985: 3882: 3542: 3411: 3125: 3111: 3096: 2963: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2737: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1897: 1861: 1843: 1774: 1756: 1750: 1385: 1381: 1357: 1349: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1040: 1025: 533: 371: 214: 4980:"Belgium: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population" 4834:

Romanité d'oïl Les origines : la langue – les plus anciens textes

2825:

is the official language of Wallonia and by far the most used; in the

2224: 544:. Covering the southern portion of the country, Wallonia is primarily 6651: 3976: 3963: 3915: 3848: 3840: 3836: 3806: 3589: 3328: 3273: 2902: 2641: 2640:(21% were practising Catholics and 47% were non-practising), 3% were 2355: 2300: 2296: 2260: 2175: 2171: 2163: 1933: 1825: 1705: 1377: 1272: 1223: 943: 910: 869:

gradually gained control of the region during the 5th century, under

866: 606:

minority in eastern Wallonia, resulting from the annexation of three

2391:

Wallonia is also home to about 80 per cent of the population of the

1177:. But the strikes of 1960 which took place in Wallonia more than in 6128: 724:, referred to Gallic or Celtic people. Wallonia is named after the 5684:

une marque de passéisme pour participer à une nouvelle synthèse...

5624:"Switching Languages", Translingual Writers Reflect on Their Craft 4342: 4337: 4265: 4201: 3861: 3781: 3667: 3296: 3277: 3269: 3256: 3227:). He was the first foreigner to receive this honour. The Walloon 3184: 3039: 2922: 2898: 2879:

traditionally also speak regional Romance languages, all from the

2808: 2681: 2648:

Christian, 1% were of other religions and 25% were non-religious.

2609: 2524: 2351: 2347: 2337: 2322: 2288: 2249: 2223: 2210: 2159: 2126: 2120: 1879: 1807: 1732: 1699: 1694: 1688: 1660: 1618: 1576: 1418: 1416:

forms the highest point in Belgium at 694 metres (2,277 ft).

1405: 1401: 1373: 1306: 1268: 1219: 1209: 1094: 1078: 990: 948: 931: 848: 832: 783: 765: 717: 705: 599:, an expanse of forested highland that is less densely populated. 584: 263: 3992:

historically known for its production of rustic farmhouse ales).

2358:

rivers. Two-thirds of the population of Wallonia lives along the

4178: 3320: 2514: 813: 576:

sources of political conflicts in Belgium and a major factor in

6581: 6335: 5963: 3414:, 1910) architect and furniture designer, credited (along with 3400:

were also important painters in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège.

4802:(1991). "Depuis quand les Liégeois sont-ils des Wallons?". In 4769:(French) Albert Henry, Histoire des mots Wallons et Wallonie, 4019: 3926: 3844: 3549:

played a leading part in the so-called Franco-Flemish School.

2932: 2913:

zone. There are also regional Germanic languages, such as the

2706: 2628:

made all these symbols official except the motto and the cry.

2448: 2230: 2167: 6040:

The Simon and Schuster international pocket food guide, 1981.

4127:

The two largest cities in Wallonia each have an airport. The

1067:

proclaimed Belgium's independence and held elections for the

3852:

Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

3810:

Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

1214:

Coalmining and steelmaking industrial areas in Belgium. The

851:" by their Germanic neighbours. The "Walha" abandoned their 5566:"75% des francophones revendiquent une identité religieuse" 4184:

Wallonia's numerous motorways fall within the scope of the

3335:

is also a part of the Mosan art and among these dinandiers

3223:(short stories denouncing Stalinism, in the same spirit as 2864:

There are noticeable Walloon accents, with the accent from

981:, which would shortly fragment, with the region passing to 973:

dethroned the Merovingians in the 8th century. In 843, the

906: 499: 496: 490: 6267: 5894:

Acousmatrix 4: Scambi/Trois Visages de Liege/Paraboles Mix

5395:"Belgium's far right struggles to break through media ban" 4162:

authority for all of Wallonia, operating buses and trams.

2246:. Tourism is an important part of the economy of Wallonia. 481: 461: 2604:, commemorating the participation of Walloons during the 2055:

International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry

776:, the oldest surviving text written in what would become 5460:

Histoire de la conquête de l'Angleterre par les Normands

4864:"A young region with a long history (from 57BC to 1831)" 3937:, a dessert pie made with beet leaves and cheese, while 3656:

during the 1960s. He worked also with the French writer

2350:(in pink), at a symbolic place at the confluence of the 1793:

The 10 largest groups of foreign residents in 2018 are:

827:

which originally stretched from southwestern Germany to

5166:"Carmeuse: expansion through partnership and knowledge" 2885:

group. Wallonia includes almost all of the area where

6129:"AWEX (WALLONIA FOREIGN TRADE AND INVESTMENT AGENCY)" 5868:

Dictionnaire de la chanson en Wallonie et à Bruxelles

2420:

between the French Community, Wallonia and Brussels.

2275:

and aviation parts. The south of Wallonia, bordering

493: 478: 5927:, in TOUDI, n° 49/50, septembre-octobre 2002, p. 13. 2014:

has required highly reputed specialized studies for

487: 6732: 6691: 6668: 6650: 6622: 6615: 6545: 6517: 6475: 6437: 6421: 6407: 6370: 3652:). He was strongly linked to the social strikes in 3444:, modelled in clay or plaster, and cast in bronze. 2061:. In 1911, he started a series of conferences, the 1173:, which defined the four language areas within the 484: 457: 447: 437: 427: 419: 414: 387: 382: 370: 362: 354: 349: 341: 336: 325: 315: 301: 284: 274: 269: 259: 220: 202: 99: 37: 2837:accounts for about 2% of the region's population. 2372:Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium 2051:Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management 1169:got underway. This reform started partly with the 1161:address its economic problems. In the wake of the 5462:, Éd. Firmin Didot, Paris, 1825, tome 1, p. 155. 5420:Struys, Jeroen; De Lobel, Peter (25 March 2024). 5031:, Institut Destrée, Charleroi, 1997, pages 49–50 4870:. Walloon Region. 22 January 2007. Archived from 3996:, the best-selling beer in Belgium, is brewed in 3447:During the 19th and 20th centuries many original 2585:features the red rooster on a yellow background. 2427:with 75 members elected for five years by direct 2205:. It was the first fully industrialized area in 1031:Present-day Belgium was conquered in 1795 by the 669:) to the east. Wallonia has been a member of the 6816:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the European Union 5226:"Sonaca: Increasing visibility in North America" 4944: 4942: 3309:Baptismal font at St Bartholomew's Church, Liège 1012:in 1477 raised the issue of succession, and the 5559: 5557: 5136:"AGC Flat Glass: Leadership through innovation" 4950:"The region asserts itself (from 1840 to 1970)" 4143:, and it saw 7 303 720 passengers in 2016. The 3680:. It is perhaps the reason why the documentary 3592:) invented the saxophone in 1846. The composer 3095:the publication of a Walloon Poets' anthology. 799:and of medieval Walloon brass working expertise 5783:Cody, Gabrielle H.; Sprinchorn, Evert (2007). 4858: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4569:"Vlaamse overheid – Taalwetwijzer – Wetgeving" 3299:river valley in present-day Wallonia, and the 2079:theory of the origin of the universe in 1927. 977:gave the territory of present-day Wallonia to 673:Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie 6593: 6347: 5938:"les films repères dans l'histoire du cinéma" 4479: 3430:style, coined as a style in Paris by Bing. 1151:general strike against Leopold III of Belgium 85: 8: 4927:(in French). Ministère de la Région wallonne 4439: 4317:Walloon Export and Foreign Investment Agency 2893:zone corresponding to the major part of the 2589: 2529:A red rooster is the main symbol of Wallonia 1400:), and Belgian Lorraine (which includes the 1059:. The Walloons played an active part in the 670: 56: 42: 5833:, Efi-costarica.com. Accessed 29 June 2023. 5736:"L'écrivain français le plus dans le monde" 4551:"Structuur van de bevolking | Statbel" 3239:'s work and the social issues in Wallonia. 2439:. The head of the Government is called the 71: 6619: 6600: 6586: 6578: 6418: 6354: 6340: 6332: 6111:"Qui sommes-nous? – logistics in Wallonia" 5018:, Vol. I, n° 2 (Winter 1967), pp. 129–130. 3949:is a fresh cheese which gets its airborne 2221:and is still suffering from difficulties. 2186:. There were also a few coal mines around 1446: 34: 6806:French-speaking countries and territories 5786:The Columbia Encyclopedia of Modern Drama 4139:. It serves as a low-cost alternative to 4110:Learn how and when to remove this message 3676:Walloon films are often characterized by 3626:is generally regarded as a member of the 3023:Learn how and when to remove this message 2797:Learn how and when to remove this message 2561:), also named "Walloon rooster" (French: 2553:The rising of a Walloon identity led the 895:. The oldest surviving text written in a 873:. Due to the fragmentation of the former 4919: 4917: 3494: 3388:painter, architect and theorist for the 3114:theater of Liège of Jacques Ancion, the 2533:The first appearance of the French word 2150:was an important industrial area in the 1229: 1087:were first opened in 1888 and are now a 1043:to the Republic, which later became the 780:, likely originated in or near Wallonia. 6232:Zweisprachigkeit in den Benelux-ländern 5844:Le troisième grand Maître de l'Ars Nova 5493:«C'est cette année-là que naît le mot 4789:Footnote: In medieval French, the word 4524: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4411: 4241: 3630:in the 1950s. Pousseur's music employs 3509:There was an important musical life in 2254:Urban blight in Damprémy near Charleroi 930:as the largest one, appeared along the 909:. From the 4th to the 7th century, the 843:. The ancestors of the Walloons became 728:, a group of locals who natively speak 456: 436: 426: 413: 404:municipalities with language facilities 381: 369: 348: 335: 268: 258: 201: 196: 178: 154: 124: 5811:"Gustave Serrurier-Bovy | artnet" 5071:"Walloon incentives - Portal Wallonia" 4998:"HOUILLE : Définition de HOUILLE" 4925:"Wallonie : une région en Europe" 4823: 4821: 4545: 4543: 2084:Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine 1123:took place in Wallonia, including the 641:) to the south and west, and Germany ( 345:16,901 km (6,526 sq mi) 27:Southernmost federal region of Belgium 5925:Cinéma wallon et réalité particulière 5511:La préhistoire latine du mot Wallonie 5479:Histoire des mots Wallons et Wallonie 4810:(in French). Brussels: éditions de l' 4717:when referring to the Walloon Region. 4457: 4444: 4425: 3984:and the Brasserie Dupont (located in 3980:, most notably those produced at the 3123:by E.Remouchamps and the avant-garde 2399:. Wallonia is also home to the small 1631:3,675 km (1,419 sq mi) 1589:4,459 km (1,722 sq mi) 1547:3,857 km (1,489 sq mi) 1505:3,813 km (1,472 sq mi) 1085:boat lifts on the old Canal du Centre 629:and the Netherlands (the province of 515: 446: 418: 386: 361: 353: 340: 324: 314: 300: 283: 273: 219: 187: 7: 5956:"The Arts & Faith Top 100 Films" 4048:adding citations to reliable sources 3347:was a sculptor of the 16th century. 3055:theater linking French language and 2961:adding citations to reliable sources 2835:German-speaking Community of Belgium 2735:adding citations to reliable sources 2401:German-speaking Community of Belgium 1716:The largest cities in Wallonia are: 620:German-speaking Community of Belgium 558:German-speaking Community of Belgium 395:German-speaking Community of Belgium 285: • Governing parties 6750:Interregional Parliamentary Council 4166:is the sole Walloon city to have a 3768:are also inspired by the Bible and 3459:Wallon painters emerged, including 3313:Collegiate Church of Saint Gertrude 3307:and perhaps of the whole Mosan art 3211:(1896–1952), born in Mons, won the 1673:1,097 km (424 sq mi) 1196:State reforms was passed in Belgium 934:, while Gallo-Roman cities such as 883:dialects, which in Wallonia became 5341:Kasteel, Jean van (11 June 2024). 5097:"Wallonia battles wasteland image" 4838:La Wallonie, le pays et les hommes 3941:is a rice-pudding filled pie from 3720:Mireille in the life of the others 2577:on 20 April 1913, and designed by 2505:presence. In Wallonia, there is a 2483:Belgian Chamber of Representatives 2411:assigned all of its powers to the 1987:Science and technology in Wallonia 198:Coordinates: 50°30′0'N, 4°45′ 0″ E 25: 5196:"IBA's growth still accelerating" 4956:. 22 January 2007. Archived from 4223:On the west side of Wallonia, in 3686:, and especially its co-director 3284:Mosan art, painting, architecture 2620:), and a cry, "Liberty" (French: 2612:for Wallonia, "Walloon Forever" ( 1254:(120 m (390 ft)) is an 1065:Provisional Government of Belgium 6723: 6398: 6254: 6202:"Maryland Sister States Program" 5907:(Scarecrow press, 1999, p. 191; 5905:Historical dictionary of Belgium 5596:"La Constitution belge (Art. 4)" 4369: 4349: 4336: 4287: 4273: 4258: 4252:Brussels South Charleroi Airport 4244: 4186:Trans-European Transport Network 4129:Brussels South Charleroi Airport 4024: 3694:and the films like those of the 3612:(1899–1970) was associated with 3266:Landscape with the Fire of Sodom 2937: 2711: 2073:Université catholique de Louvain 1962: 1944: 1926: 1908: 1890: 1872: 1854: 1836: 1818: 1800: 1643: 1601: 1559: 1517: 1475: 587:, and the most populous city is 474: 243: 230: 207: 189: 180: 166: 141: 129: 6177:"ベルギー3地域と「友好交流及び相互協力に関する覚書」を締結" 4902:(173): 5–38, in particular 17. 4035:needs additional citations for 3954:cool place before being eaten. 3620:is a more international group. 3572:(author of the unique opera in 3074:Flemish immigration to Wallonia 2948:needs additional citations for 2722:needs additional citations for 2469:History of the Walloon Movement 2198:basin during the 14th century. 2158:, Wallonia became a center for 2075:is credited with proposing the 1194:in Wallonia, a wider series of 1163:1960-1961 Winter General Strike 1155:1960-1961 Winter General Strike 1109:Flemish immigration to Wallonia 1099:Mons fusillade on 17 April 1893 926:. French-speaking cities, with 744:or the whole population of the 6760:European cultural capital 2007 5828:Your Antique Furniture Guide, 5725:, n° 13, Leuven November, 2005 3843:and the giants' procession in 3728:C'est arrivé près de chez vous 2841:, which is also spoken in the 2441:Minister-President of Wallonia 2332:Minister-President of Wallonia 2259:specialized fields, including 1234:The natural regions of Belgium 1051:, Wallonia became part of the 704:is a cognate of terms such as 1: 5789:. Columbia University Press. 5564:lesoir.be (28 January 2016). 4954:Gateway to the Walloon Region 4868:Gateway to the Walloon Region 4646:"BBC – Languages – Languages" 4587:"EU regions by GDP, Eurostat" 4390:Manifesto for Walloon culture 4324:Flanders Investment and Trade 3701:Déjà s'envole la fleur maigre 3099:was translated in Walloon by 2497:Wallonia is considered to be 2417:French Community's parliament 2092:Université libre de Bruxelles 2059:Université libre de Bruxelles 2047:Solvay Institute of Sociology 1250:(70 m (230 ft)) to 1149:, major strikes included the 1022:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 6609:Greater Region of SaarLorLux 5519:à l'occasion de son éméritat 5368:Joyner, Ella (4 June 2024). 4330:Twin towns and sister states 3110:, for the new and important 2654:Religion in Wallonia (2016) 1970:Democratic Republic of Congo 1442:262 cities or municipalities 556:-Capital Region but not the 164:("The song of the Walloons") 6765:House of the Greater Region 6234:(in German). Buske Verlag. 6206:Maryland Secretary of State 5644:"The Walloon language page" 5446:There is also a mention of 3988:, in the region of Western 3361:(Rogier de la Pasture) and 2459:History of Walloon autonomy 2393:French Community of Belgium 2012:First Industrial Revolution 2006:The economically important 1305:and the Basse-Sambre, near 1218:is the blue area along the 1157:for autonomy for Wallonia. 583:The capital of Wallonia is 550:French Community of Belgium 6837: 6295:Walloon composers (French) 5865:Wangermée, Robert (1995). 4704:Belgian federal government 4693:Invest in Wallonia website 4664:"Gouvernement de Wallonie" 4151:Railways, motorways, buses 4004:. Wallonia also home to a 3892:Other specialties include 2462: 2365: 2086:were awarded to Walloons: 2057:which are now part of the 1984: 1171:linguistic laws of 1962–63 1053:Kingdom of the Netherlands 922:and around 1000 after the 820:became part of the larger 802: 687:federal regions of Belgium 6721: 6637:German-speaking Community 6396: 5696:, Privat Toulouse, 2004, 5540:"AllStates Flag Co., Inc" 5308:Government and Opposition 5299:de Jonge, Léonie (2021). 5016:Journal of Social History 3816:, and the combat between 3704:(1960) (also shot in the 3511:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 3390:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 3157:Sequence of Saint Eulalia 2696: Other religion (1%) 2690: Non-religious (25%) 2423:The Walloon Region has a 1449: 1267:. The valley, along with 1125:Walloon jacquerie of 1886 1037:French Revolutionary Wars 1000:In the 15th century, the 902:Sequence of Saint Eulalia 773:Sequence of Saint Eulalia 742:Prince-Bishopric of Liège 443:Third Sunday of September 251:German-speaking Community 197: 188: 179: 155: 125: 116: 6230:Johannes Kramer (1984). 5766:"Maigret and his master" 4609:The Belgian Constitution 3744:(1992) and the works of 3576:during the 20th century 2431:, and an executive, the 1676:368/km (950/sq mi) 1634:135/km (350/sq mi) 1550:288/km (750/sq mi) 1508:353/km (910/sq mi) 1113:Catholic Flemish society 633:) in the north, France ( 316: • Legislature 5694:Histoire de la Wallonie 4908:10.3406/rnord.1962.2410 4892:Kramer, pg. 59, citing 4808:Hommages à la Wallonie 4306:International relations 3698:(since 1979), there is 3487:appeared in the 1950s. 3291:is a regional style of 3215:in 1936, for his novel 3081:New York Public Library 2843:Brussels-Capital Region 2479:Conseil régional wallon 2360:Sambre and Meuse valley 2319:Politics and government 2234:comes from the healing 2148:Sambre and Meuse valley 1704:View of Namur with the 1693:View of Liège with the 1592:64/km (170/sq mi) 1244:Sambre and Meuse valley 1167:state reform in Belgium 1129:Belgian general strikes 736:(and French), the term 610:previously part of the 593:Sambre and Meuse valley 528:), is one of the three 423:€126.691 billion (2022) 366:220/km (570/sq mi) 6115:Logisticsinwallonia.be 6085:Liege.port-autonome.be 6081:"Liege port authority" 5830:Art Nouveau in Belgium 4771:Institut Jules Destrée 4534:Bestat.statbel.fgov.be 4501: 4497: 4493: 4480: 4475: 4454: 4440: 4422: 4385:History of coal mining 4229:Strépy-Thieu boat lift 3914:. Also notable is the 3874: 3873:, with a branded glass 3794: 3673: 3506: 3404:Gustave Serrurier-Bovy 3319:, and the churches of 3280: 3199:). There is a Walloon 3181:Jean Lemaire de Belges 3145:Jean-Marie Klinkenberg 3060: 2915:Luxembourgish language 2833:is also official. The 2814: 2621: 2617: 2590: 2570: 2562: 2558: 2530: 2433:Government of Wallonia 2386:Government of Wallonia 2382:Parliament of Wallonia 2363: 2344:Parliament of Wallonia 2335: 2255: 2247: 2143: 2125:Steelmaking along the 1981:Science and technology 1708: 1697: 1424: 1412:plateau, on which the 1329: 1235: 1227: 1100: 1092: 966: 800: 781: 671: 643:North Rhine-Westphalia 525: 512: 388: • Languages 320:Parliament of Wallonia 279:Government of Wallonia 275: • Executive 100: 86: 72: 57: 43: 6273:Logistics in Wallonia 6263:at Wikimedia Commons 6016:Practicallyedible.com 4427:[vaˈloːni̯ən] 3865: 3785: 3750:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 3671: 3534:Franco-Flemish School 3521:(the third Master of 3498: 3384:, 1505 – 1566) was a 3372:are generally called 3359:Rogier van der Weyden 3260: 3167:(14th century in the 3161:La Vie de Saint Léger 3044:Traditional puppets ( 3043: 2812: 2528: 2489:elected in Wallonia. 2425:unicameral parliament 2341: 2326: 2253: 2227: 2124: 2102:(UCLouvain) in 1974. 2037:gave his name to the 2010:in the course of the 2008:very deep coal mining 1703: 1692: 1422: 1314:intensive agriculture 1265:London-Brabant Massif 1233: 1213: 1139:), 1932 (depicted in 1117:Industrial Revolution 1098: 1082: 952: 855:and started to speak 847:and were called the " 787: 769: 614:at the conclusion of 565:Industrial Revolution 6770:Private cooperations 6678:Rhineland-Palatinate 5871:. Editions Mardaga. 5772:. 14 September 2003. 5746:on 27 September 2011 5542:. Allstates-flag.com 4459:[ʋɑˈloːnijə] 4044:improve this article 4008:called Peket, and a 3801:(Walloon French for 3483:... The avant-garde 3426:) with creating the 3333:Ornamental brassware 2957:improve this article 2853:(90), as opposed to 2731:improve this article 2592:Le Chant des Wallons 2581:on 3 July 1913. The 2509:in the media, where 2368:Politics of Wallonia 2263:, glass production, 2105:In the present day, 2098:(ULB) together with 1028:region from France. 924:Ottonian Renaissance 647:Rhineland-Palatinate 571:, the importance of 363: • Density 326: • Speaker 159:Le Chant des Wallons 6796:Culture of Wallonia 6745:Regional Commission 6314: / 6283:Musique en Wallonie 6278:Tourism in Wallonia 6055:Investinwallonia.be 5723:Image&Narrative 5499:L'identité wallonne 5029:L'identité wallonne 5027:Philippe Destatte, 4814:. pp. 431–447. 4281:Charleroi Pre-metro 4172:Charleroi Pre-metro 3786:The dragon and the 3764:. The films of the 3183:(16th century from 2503:right-wing populism 2493:Political landscape 1684:province of Brabant 1408:in Germany via the 1380:. Dividing it into 1184:Catholic University 1145:), and 1936. After 1089:World Heritage Site 971:Carolingian dynasty 946:became Germanized. 805:History of Wallonia 6811:Regions of Belgium 6801:Autonomous regions 6755:University Charter 6740:Summit Conferences 6288:2016-03-03 at the 5576:on 31 January 2016 5320:10.1017/gov.2020.8 5278:belganewsagency.eu 4831:Maurice Delbouille 4709:2009-02-21 at the 4698:2009-09-08 at the 4689:CIA World Factbook 4494:Wallonische Region 4446:[valoˈniː] 3982:Brasserie de Silly 3875: 3795: 3752:are influenced by 3692:Misère au Borinage 3683:Misère au Borinage 3674: 3507: 3424:Henry van de Velde 3398:Bertholet Flemalle 3394:Gérard de Lairesse 3345:Jacques du Broeucq 3341:Nicholas of Verdun 3281: 3093:Editions Gallimard 3061: 2872:Regional languages 2818:Official languages 2815: 2626:Walloon Parliament 2606:Belgian Revolution 2598:The Walloons' Song 2531: 2473:Following several 2429:universal suffrage 2384:and the executive 2364: 2336: 2287:area south of the 2256: 2248: 2207:continental Europe 2144: 2063:Solvay Conferences 2041:for production of 1709: 1698: 1438:20 arrondissements 1425: 1414:Signal de Botrange 1236: 1228: 1142:Misère au Borinage 1137:universal suffrage 1135:, 1902, 1913 (for 1105:continental Europe 1101: 1093: 1061:Belgian Revolution 1049:Battle of Waterloo 967: 959:Battle of Waterloo 801: 782: 649:) and Luxembourg ( 578:Flemish separatism 520:), officially the 448:Most populous city 420: • Total 355: • Total 342: • Total 304:Minister-President 6778: 6777: 6719: 6718: 6575: 6574: 6513: 6512: 6259:Media related to 6241:978-3-87118-597-7 6157:on 25 August 2018 6061:on 5 January 2010 6022:on 3 October 2009 5992:on 19 August 2010 5942:autourdu1ermai.fr 5707:premières heures. 5632:978-0-8032-2747-7 5598:(in French). the 5527:978-2-87209-857-6 5146:on 9 October 2008 5123:La Libre Belgique 4986:on 28 March 2006. 4687:For example, the 4622:on 10 August 2015 4120: 4119: 4112: 4094: 4012:called Maitrank. 3998:Jupille-sur-Meuse 3908:Garden strawberry 3805:), is one of the 3766:Dardenne brothers 3724:Jean-Marie Buchet 3696:Dardenne brothers 3672:Dardenne Brothers 3650:Couleurs croisées 3608:. More recently, 3554:Orlande de Lassus 3532:of the so-called 3515:Johannes Brassart 3473:Fernand Verhaegen 3262:Herri Met de Blès 3233:Tribune de Genève 3173:Jean d'Outremeuse 3169:County of Hainaut 3033: 3032: 3025: 3007: 2807: 2806: 2799: 2781: 2662:Roman Catholicism 2413:Flemish Community 2303:, and the famous 2203:sillon industriel 2140:sillon industriel 2100:Christian De Duve 1978: 1977: 1680: 1679: 1423:View of Charleroi 1368:, as well as the 1346:extensive farming 1278:sillon industriel 1275:valleys form the 1216:sillon industriel 1165:, the process of 1069:National Congress 1057:William of Orange 1045:Napoleonic Empire 1002:Dukes of Burgundy 987:Lower Lotharingia 957:commemorates the 730:Romance languages 625:Wallonia borders 467: 466: 288: 172: 32:Region in Belgium 16:(Redirected from 6828: 6727: 6632:French Community 6620: 6602: 6595: 6588: 6579: 6419: 6402: 6362:Subdivisions of 6356: 6349: 6342: 6333: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6318:50.500°N 4.750°E 6315: 6312: 6311: 6310: 6307: 6258: 6245: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6198: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6153:. 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Archived from 5561: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5536: 5530: 5508: 5502: 5492: 5488: 5482: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5456:Augustin Thierry 5453: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5417: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5399:www.euractiv.com 5391: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5338: 5332: 5331: 5305: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5280:. 3 January 2024 5270: 5264: 5263: 5252: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5232:. Archived from 5222: 5216: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5202:. Archived from 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5172:. Archived from 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5142:. Archived from 5132: 5126: 5119: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5103:. 6 October 2008 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5073:. Archived from 5067: 5061: 5060: 5059:on 31 July 2013. 5055:. Archived from 5045: 5039: 5025: 5019: 5012: 5006: 5005: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4982:. Archived from 4976: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4946: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4921: 4912: 4911: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4860: 4841: 4829: 4825: 4816: 4815: 4787: 4781: 4779: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4724: 4718: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4629: 4627: 4621: 4614: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4583: 4577: 4576: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4547: 4538: 4537: 4526: 4504: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4461: 4448: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4435: 4429: 4416: 4379: 4374: 4373: 4372: 4354: 4353: 4341: 4340: 4291: 4277: 4262: 4248: 4225:Hainaut Province 4141:Brussels Airport 4115: 4108: 4104: 4101: 4095: 4093: 4052: 4028: 4020: 3990:Hainaut Province 3830:fr:Hommes blancs 3730:(English title: 3628:Darmstadt School 3566:Henri Vieuxtemps 3552:Among them were 3547:Hainaut Province 3519:Johannes Ciconia 3442:Aristide Maillol 3252:Hainaut Province 3209:Charles Plisnier 3205:Hainaut Province 3203:, especially in 3163:(10th century), 3057:Walloon language 3028: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3008: 3006: 2965: 2941: 2933: 2907:Lorrain language 2895:Hainaut Province 2859:quatre-vingt-dix 2802: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2782: 2780: 2739: 2715: 2707: 2695: 2689: 2679: 2669: 2659: 2624:). In 1998, the 2595: 2583:Flag of Wallonia 2575:Walloon Assembly 2555:Walloon Movement 2548:Flemish Movement 2507:cordon sanitaire 2465:Walloon Movement 2437:Walloon minister 2069:Georges Lemaître 2020:Rennequin Sualem 2016:mining engineers 1968: 1966: 1965: 1950: 1948: 1947: 1932: 1930: 1929: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1896: 1894: 1893: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1860: 1858: 1857: 1842: 1840: 1839: 1824: 1822: 1821: 1806: 1804: 1803: 1796: 1795: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1607: 1605: 1604: 1565: 1563: 1562: 1523: 1521: 1520: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1460: 1459:(1 January 2019) 1447: 1370:Belgian Lorraine 1330:Wallonie picarde 1256:entrenched river 1200:French Community 1192:brand new campus 1186:amid shouts of " 1153:(1950), and the 1010:Charles the Bold 975:Treaty of Verdun 795:, an example of 676: 659:Esch-sur-Alzette 519: 517:[walɔni] 506: 505: 502: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 483: 480: 286: 249: 247: 246: 238:French Community 236: 234: 233: 213: 211: 210: 193: 184: 174: 173: 145: 133: 111: 103: 97: 89: 83: 75: 68: 60: 54: 46: 35: 21: 6836: 6835: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6826: 6825: 6781: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6728: 6715: 6687: 6664: 6646: 6611: 6606: 6576: 6571: 6549: 6541: 6519:Arrondissements 6509: 6505:Walloon Brabant 6471: 6457:Flemish Brabant 6433: 6412: 6403: 6394: 6390:German-speaking 6366: 6360: 6322: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6301: 6300: 6290:Wayback Machine 6268:www.wallonie.be 6252: 6242: 6229: 6226: 6224:Further reading 6221: 6220: 6210: 6208: 6200: 6199: 6195: 6185: 6183: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6160: 6158: 6145: 6144: 6140: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6109: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6064: 6062: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6039: 6035: 6025: 6023: 6010: 6009: 6005: 5995: 5993: 5984: 5983: 5979: 5969: 5967: 5966:on 3 March 2011 5954: 5953: 5949: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5923: 5919: 5903: 5899: 5890: 5886: 5879: 5864: 5863: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5841: 5837: 5826: 5822: 5809: 5808: 5804: 5797: 5782: 5781: 5777: 5764: 5763: 5759: 5749: 5747: 5734: 5733: 5729: 5716: 5712: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5678: 5666: 5662: 5652: 5650: 5642: 5641: 5637: 5622: 5618: 5605: 5603: 5594: 5593: 5589: 5579: 5577: 5563: 5562: 5555: 5545: 5543: 5538: 5537: 5533: 5509: 5505: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5451: 5450:in 1825 : 5445: 5441: 5431: 5429: 5419: 5418: 5414: 5404: 5402: 5393: 5392: 5388: 5378: 5376: 5367: 5366: 5362: 5352: 5350: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5303: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5283: 5281: 5272: 5271: 5267: 5254: 5253: 5249: 5239: 5237: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5209: 5207: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5176:on 22 July 2011 5164: 5163: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5134: 5133: 5129: 5120: 5116: 5106: 5104: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5080: 5078: 5069: 5068: 5064: 5047: 5046: 5042: 5026: 5022: 5013: 5009: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4978: 4977: 4973: 4963: 4961: 4948: 4947: 4940: 4930: 4928: 4923: 4922: 4915: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4877: 4875: 4862: 4861: 4844: 4827: 4826: 4819: 4798: 4788: 4784: 4773: 4768: 4764: 4754: 4752: 4744: 4743: 4739: 4726: 4725: 4721: 4711:Wayback Machine 4700:Wayback Machine 4686: 4682: 4672: 4670: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4644: 4643: 4639: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4584: 4580: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4555:Statbel.fgov.be 4549: 4548: 4541: 4528: 4527: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4507: 4491: 4487: 4464: 4463: 4462: 4432: 4431: 4430: 4417: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4375: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4348: 4335: 4332: 4313: 4308: 4301: 4292: 4283: 4278: 4269: 4268:Railway Station 4263: 4254: 4249: 4198:autonomous port 4194: 4153: 4125: 4116: 4105: 4099: 4096: 4053: 4051: 4041: 4029: 4018: 3860: 3799:Ducasse de Mons 3792:Ducasse de Mons 3780: 3666: 3602:Guillaume Lekeu 3582:Arthur Grumiaux 3578:Piére li houyeû 3562:Guillaume Dufay 3558:Gilles Binchois 3504:Gilles Binchois 3500:Guillaume Dufay 3493: 3378:Lambert Lombard 3367:Joachim Patinir 3286: 3245: 3229:Georges Simenon 3225:Arthur Koestler 3221:Faux Passeports 3195:(18th century, 3159:(9th century), 3147:(member of the 3142: 3089:Raymond Queneau 3066: 3051:) of an (also) 3038: 3029: 3018: 3012: 3009: 2966: 2964: 2954: 2942: 2931: 2874: 2820: 2803: 2792: 2786: 2783: 2740: 2738: 2728: 2716: 2705: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2685: 2677: 2675: 2667: 2665: 2657: 2634: 2523: 2495: 2471: 2463:Main articles: 2461: 2374: 2366:Main articles: 2321: 2119: 1989: 1983: 1963: 1961: 1945: 1943: 1927: 1925: 1909: 1907: 1891: 1889: 1873: 1871: 1855: 1853: 1837: 1835: 1819: 1817: 1801: 1799: 1781:Braine-l'Alleud 1714: 1651:Walloon Brabant 1644: 1642: 1602: 1600: 1560: 1558: 1518: 1516: 1476: 1474: 1458: 1457: 1430: 1326:Western Hainaut 1318:Walloon Brabant 1208: 1121:general strikes 1077: 1033:French Republic 1008:. The death of 963:Napoleonic Wars 853:Celtic dialects 807: 764: 708:, Cornwall and 683: 639:Hauts-de-France 604:German-speaking 546:French-speaking 526:Région wallonne 477: 473: 462:www.wallonie.be 439:Celebration Day 407: 398: 393:German (in the 392: 309:Adrien Dolimont 255: 244: 242: 231: 229: 208: 206: 175: 167: 165: 162: 151: 150: 149: 148: 139: 138: 121: 112: 105: 98: 91: 84: 77: 69: 62: 55: 48: 40: 33: 28: 23: 22: 18:Région Wallonne 15: 12: 11: 5: 6834: 6832: 6824: 6823: 6821:Walloon people 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6783: 6782: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6736: 6734: 6730: 6729: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6716: 6714: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6697: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6685: 6680: 6674: 6672: 6666: 6665: 6663: 6662: 6656: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6644: 6642:Walloon Region 6639: 6634: 6628: 6626: 6617: 6613: 6612: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6582: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6553: 6551: 6547:Municipalities 6543: 6542: 6540: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6527:Administrative 6523: 6521: 6515: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6481: 6479: 6473: 6472: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6443: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6431: 6427: 6425: 6416: 6405: 6404: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6376: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6336: 6298: 6297: 6292: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6251: 6250:External links 6248: 6247: 6246: 6240: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6193: 6168: 6138: 6120: 6102: 6091:on 14 May 2011 6072: 6042: 6033: 6003: 5977: 5947: 5929: 5917: 5897: 5884: 5877: 5857: 5848: 5835: 5820: 5802: 5795: 5775: 5757: 5727: 5717:An Paenhuysen 5710: 5686: 5676: 5660: 5635: 5616: 5600:Belgian Senate 5587: 5553: 5531: 5503: 5483: 5477:Albert Henry, 5467: 5439: 5412: 5386: 5360: 5333: 5314:(4): 598–614. 5291: 5265: 5247: 5236:on 6 July 2011 5217: 5206:on 6 July 2011 5187: 5157: 5127: 5114: 5088: 5077:on 21 May 2011 5062: 5040: 5020: 5007: 4989: 4971: 4938: 4913: 4885: 4842: 4817: 4804:Hasquin, Hervé 4800:Stengers, Jean 4782: 4762: 4750:Etymonline.com 4737: 4732:Etymonline.com 4719: 4680: 4655: 4637: 4599: 4578: 4560: 4539: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4485: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4397: 4392: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4377:Belgium portal 4364: 4361: 4360: 4359: 4346: 4331: 4328: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4303: 4302: 4293: 4286: 4284: 4279: 4272: 4270: 4264: 4257: 4255: 4250: 4243: 4237:Belgian francs 4193: 4190: 4160:public transit 4158:is the single 4152: 4149: 4124: 4121: 4118: 4117: 4032: 4030: 4023: 4017: 4016:Transportation 4014: 3960:Trappist beers 3931:tarte al djote 3903:sirop de Liège 3887:bread of Jesus 3859: 3856: 3779: 3776: 3678:social realism 3665: 3662: 3624:Henri Pousseur 3492: 3489: 3485:CoBrA movement 3477:Antoine Wiertz 3337:Hugo d'Oignies 3293:Romanesque art 3285: 3282: 3244: 3241: 3165:Jean Froissart 3141: 3138: 3121:Tati l'Pèriquî 3065: 3062: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3030: 2945: 2943: 2936: 2930: 2927: 2873: 2870: 2839:Belgian French 2819: 2816: 2805: 2804: 2719: 2717: 2710: 2704: 2701: 2692: 2686: 2676: 2666: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2638:Roman Catholic 2633: 2630: 2522: 2519: 2494: 2491: 2487:Belgian Senate 2460: 2457: 2409:Flemish Region 2320: 2317: 2184:Walloon Method 2166:working, with 2118: 2115: 2111:Millau Viaduct 2107:Bureau Greisch 2039:Solvay process 2022:for instance. 1993:baptismal font 1985:Main article: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1940: 1939: 1936: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1868: 1867: 1864: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1791: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1713: 1710: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1658: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1616: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1574: 1556: 1552: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1532: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1490: 1472: 1468: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1454: 1451: 1434:five provinces 1429: 1426: 1207: 1204: 1076: 1075:Belgian period 1073: 1004:took over the 979:Middle Francia 822:Gallia Belgica 816:in 57 BC. The 803:Main article: 789:Baptismal font 763: 760: 696:Walloon Region 682: 679: 573:heavy industry 522:Walloon Region 465: 464: 459: 455: 454: 449: 445: 444: 441: 435: 434: 431: 425: 424: 421: 417: 416: 412: 411: 389: 385: 384: 380: 379: 374: 368: 367: 364: 360: 359: 356: 352: 351: 347: 346: 343: 339: 338: 334: 333: 327: 323: 322: 317: 313: 312: 306: 299: 298: 289: 282: 281: 276: 272: 271: 267: 266: 261: 257: 256: 254: 253: 240: 226: 224: 218: 217: 204: 200: 199: 195: 194: 186: 185: 177: 176: 163: 153: 152: 146: 140: 134: 128: 127: 126: 123: 122: 117: 114: 113: 70: 41: 38: 31: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6833: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6731: 6726: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6690: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6661: 6658: 6657: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 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6013: 6012:"Ardenne Ham" 6007: 6004: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5948: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5921: 5918: 5914: 5913:0-8108-3603-3 5910: 5906: 5901: 5898: 5895: 5888: 5885: 5880: 5878:9782870096000 5874: 5870: 5869: 5861: 5858: 5852: 5849: 5845: 5839: 5836: 5832: 5831: 5824: 5821: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5803: 5798: 5796:9780231144223 5792: 5788: 5787: 5779: 5776: 5771: 5770:theage.com.au 5767: 5761: 5758: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5731: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5703: 5702:2-7089-4779-6 5699: 5695: 5690: 5687: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5673:1-58811-054-0 5670: 5664: 5661: 5649: 5645: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5629: 5625: 5620: 5617: 5613: 5601: 5597: 5591: 5588: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5560: 5558: 5554: 5541: 5535: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5518: 5512: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5487: 5484: 5480: 5471: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5449: 5443: 5440: 5427: 5423: 5416: 5413: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5387: 5375: 5371: 5364: 5361: 5348: 5344: 5337: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5292: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5266: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5248: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5221: 5218: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5188: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5161: 5158: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5121:According to 5118: 5115: 5102: 5098: 5092: 5089: 5076: 5072: 5066: 5063: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5037:2-87035-000-7 5034: 5030: 5024: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5008: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4990: 4985: 4981: 4975: 4972: 4960:on 1 May 2008 4959: 4955: 4951: 4945: 4943: 4939: 4926: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4898:(in French). 4897: 4896:Revue du Nord 4889: 4886: 4874:on 1 May 2008 4873: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4832: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4796: 4792: 4786: 4783: 4777: 4772: 4766: 4763: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4720: 4716: 4713:use the term 4712: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4694: 4690: 4684: 4681: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4641: 4638: 4634: 4618: 4611: 4610: 4603: 4600: 4588: 4582: 4579: 4574: 4573:Vlaanderen.be 4570: 4564: 4561: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4531: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4510: 4503: 4502:Redjon walone 4499: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4473: 4466: 4460: 4456: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4434: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4415: 4412: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4382: 4378: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4344: 4339: 4334: 4333: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4320: 4318: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4285: 4282: 4276: 4271: 4267: 4261: 4256: 4253: 4247: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4182: 4180: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4145:Liège Airport 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4122: 4114: 4111: 4103: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4078: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4064: 4061: – 4060: 4056: 4055:Find sources: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4033:This section 4031: 4027: 4022: 4021: 4015: 4013: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3978: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3955: 3952: 3951:P. roqueforti 3946: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3890: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3869: 3868:Trappist beer 3864: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3789: 3784: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3734: 3733:Man bites dog 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3716: 3715:Vase de noces 3711: 3707: 3703: 3702: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3670: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3505: 3502:(left), with 3501: 3497: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3481:René Magritte 3478: 3474: 3470: 3469:Pierre Paulus 3466: 3462: 3461:Félicien Rops 3458: 3454: 3453:expressionist 3450: 3445: 3443: 3439: 3438:Pierre Renoir 3435: 3431: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3363:Jacques Daret 3360: 3356: 3355:Robert Campin 3352: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3305:Renier de Huy 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3253: 3250:is spoken in 3249: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3213:Prix Goncourt 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3108:pataphysician 3106: 3102: 3101:André Blavier 3098: 3094: 3090: 3085: 3082: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3047: 3042: 3035: 3027: 3024: 3016: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2995: 2991: 2988: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2974: – 2973: 2969: 2968:Find sources: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2951: 2946:This section 2944: 2940: 2935: 2934: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2901:(district of 2900: 2896: 2892: 2889:is spoken, a 2888: 2884: 2883: 2882:Langues d'oïl 2878: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2862: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2817: 2811: 2801: 2798: 2790: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2762: 2758: 2755: 2751: 2748: – 2747: 2743: 2742:Find sources: 2736: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2720:This section 2718: 2714: 2709: 2708: 2702: 2683: 2673: 2672:Protestantism 2663: 2655: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2594: 2593: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2579:Pierre Paulus 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2540:Albert Mockel 2536: 2527: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2475:state reforms 2470: 2466: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2378:federal state 2376:Belgium is a 2373: 2369: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2252: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2226: 2222: 2220: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2096:Albert Claude 2093: 2089: 2085: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2035:Ernest Solvay 2032: 2031:Gramme dynamo 2029:invented the 2028: 2027:Zenobe Gramme 2023: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1997:Renier de Huy 1994: 1988: 1980: 1973: 1971: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1953: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1935: 1924: 1923: 1919: 1917: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1899: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1881: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1863: 1852: 1851: 1847: 1845: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1827: 1816: 1815: 1811: 1809: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1685: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1655:Waals-Brabant 1652: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1599: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1473: 1470: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1427: 1421: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1366:Land of Herve 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1232: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1097: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1063:in 1830. The 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1006:Low Countries 1003: 998: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 964: 960: 956: 951: 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 912: 908: 904: 903: 898: 894: 890: 886: 882: 881: 876: 872: 868: 865: 860: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 823: 819: 818:Low Countries 815: 811: 810:Julius Caesar 806: 798: 794: 793:Renier de Huy 790: 786: 779: 775: 774: 768: 761: 759: 757: 756:Low Countries 754: 750: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 722:the strangers 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 697: 693: 688: 680: 678: 675: 674: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 628: 623: 621: 617: 613: 612:German Empire 609: 605: 600: 598: 594: 590: 586: 581: 579: 574: 570: 566: 561: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 518: 514: 510: 504: 471: 463: 460: 453: 450: 442: 440: 432: 430: 429:ISO 3166 code 422: 410: 405: 401: 396: 390: 378: 375: 373: 365: 357: 344: 331: 328: 321: 318: 310: 307: 305: 302: • 297: 293: 290: 280: 277: 265: 262: 252: 241: 239: 228: 227: 225: 223: 216: 205: 192: 183: 161: 160: 144: 137: 132: 120: 115: 109: 108:Luxembourgish 102: 95: 88: 81: 74: 66: 59: 52: 45: 36: 30: 19: 6733:Institutions 6706:Grevenmacher 6641: 6476: 6299: 6253: 6231: 6209:. Retrieved 6205: 6196: 6184:. Retrieved 6180: 6171: 6159:. Retrieved 6155:the original 6150: 6141: 6132: 6123: 6114: 6105: 6093:. Retrieved 6089:the original 6084: 6075: 6063:. Retrieved 6059:the original 6054: 6045: 6036: 6024:. Retrieved 6020:the original 6015: 6006: 5994:. Retrieved 5990:the original 5980: 5968:. Retrieved 5964:the original 5959: 5950: 5941: 5932: 5924: 5920: 5904: 5900: 5887: 5867: 5860: 5851: 5843: 5838: 5829: 5823: 5814: 5805: 5785: 5778: 5769: 5760: 5748:. Retrieved 5744:the original 5739: 5730: 5722: 5718: 5713: 5705: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5663: 5651:. Retrieved 5647: 5638: 5623: 5619: 5611: 5604:. Retrieved 5590: 5578:. Retrieved 5574:the original 5569: 5544:. Retrieved 5534: 5517:Jean Pirotte 5514: 5510: 5506: 5498: 5494: 5486: 5478: 5470: 5459: 5447: 5442: 5430:. Retrieved 5426:De Standaard 5425: 5415: 5403:. Retrieved 5401:. 6 May 2024 5398: 5389: 5377:. Retrieved 5373: 5363: 5351:. Retrieved 5346: 5336: 5311: 5307: 5294: 5282:. Retrieved 5277: 5268: 5259: 5250: 5238:. Retrieved 5234:the original 5229: 5220: 5208:. Retrieved 5204:the original 5199: 5190: 5178:. Retrieved 5174:the original 5169: 5160: 5148:. Retrieved 5144:the original 5139: 5130: 5117: 5107:27 September 5105:. Retrieved 5100: 5091: 5079:. Retrieved 5075:the original 5065: 5057:the original 5052: 5043: 5028: 5023: 5015: 5010: 5001: 4992: 4984:the original 4974: 4962:. Retrieved 4958:the original 4953: 4931:29 September 4929:. Retrieved 4899: 4895: 4888: 4876:. Retrieved 4872:the original 4867: 4837: 4833: 4807: 4794: 4790: 4785: 4765: 4753:. Retrieved 4749: 4740: 4731: 4722: 4714: 4683: 4671:. Retrieved 4667: 4658: 4649: 4640: 4631: 4626:10 September 4624:. Retrieved 4617:the original 4608: 4602: 4592:18 September 4590:. Retrieved 4581: 4572: 4563: 4554: 4533: 4498:Waals gewest 4488: 4414: 4321: 4314: 4222: 4206:Albert Canal 4195: 4183: 4176: 4168:metro system 4154: 4126: 4106: 4097: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4054: 4042:Please help 4037:verification 4034: 3975: 3956: 3950: 3947: 3939:tarte au riz 3930: 3901: 3898:apple butter 3894:Herve cheese 3891: 3886: 3879:Liège waffle 3876: 3834: 3829: 3825: 3818:Saint George 3796: 3787: 3769: 3762:black comedy 3742:André Bonzel 3738:Rémy Belvaux 3731: 3727: 3719: 3713: 3710:Thierry Zéno 3699: 3691: 3688:Henri Storck 3681: 3675: 3658:Michel Butor 3649: 3643: 3622: 3610:André Souris 3596:was born in 3594:César Franck 3577: 3570:Eugène Ysaÿe 3551: 3527: 3508: 3465:Paul Delvaux 3446: 3434:George Grard 3432: 3420:Victor Horta 3402: 3349: 3287: 3265: 3246: 3220: 3216: 3153: 3143: 3135: 3124: 3120: 3086: 3078: 3067: 3019: 3010: 3000: 2993: 2986: 2979: 2967: 2955:Please help 2950:verification 2947: 2880: 2875: 2863: 2858: 2855:soixante-dix 2854: 2850: 2846: 2827:East Cantons 2821: 2793: 2784: 2774: 2767: 2760: 2753: 2741: 2729:Please help 2724:verification 2721: 2653: 2635: 2597: 2587: 2552: 2546:used by the 2543: 2534: 2532: 2496: 2478: 2472: 2453:Elio Di Rupo 2436: 2422: 2390: 2375: 2328:Elio Di Rupo 2313: 2280: 2271:production, 2257: 2229: 2215: 2200: 2162:working and 2152:Roman Empire 2145: 2138: 2104: 2088:Jules Bordet 2081: 2067: 2024: 2005: 1990: 1792: 1715: 1681: 1664: 1654: 1622: 1612: 1580: 1570: 1538: 1528: 1496: 1486: 1453:Capital city 1431: 1428:Subdivisions 1311: 1276: 1238:Wallonia is 1237: 1188:Walen buiten 1187: 1175:constitution 1159: 1147:World War II 1140: 1102: 1047:. After the 1030: 999: 968: 955:Lion's Mound 920:Carolingians 916:Merovingians 900: 897:langue d'oïl 896: 880:langue d'oïl 878: 875:Roman Empire 861: 857:Vulgar Latin 845:Gallo-Romans 808: 771: 737: 734:Middle Dutch 721: 701: 700: 695: 691: 684: 677:since 1980. 624: 601: 582: 569:World War II 562: 536:—along with 521: 469: 468: 383:Demographics 330:Willy Borsus 157: 147:Coat of arms 29: 6372:Communities 6321: / 6211:28 February 6065:28 February 6026:28 February 5750:28 February 5546:27 February 5491:(in French) 5475:(in French) 5464:read online 5452:(in French) 5349:(in French) 5240:11 November 5210:11 November 5180:11 November 5150:11 November 5081:22 December 4828:(in French) 4774: [ 4755:28 February 4673:28 February 4668:Wallonie.be 4500:; Walloon: 3645:Votre Faust 3586:Adolphe Sax 3530:vocal music 3428:Art Nouveau 3416:Paul Hankar 3386:Renaissance 3351:Flemish art 3237:Jean Louvet 3116:Al Botroûle 3059:literature 3053:avant-garde 3046:Charlemagne 2905:) with the 2861:in France. 2588:An anthem, 2334:since 2019. 2305:hot springs 2281:frontaliers 2236:hot springs 2156:Middle Ages 2113:in France. 2094:) in 1919, 2003:in origin. 1952:Netherlands 1745:La Louvière 1396:(including 1390:Calestienne 1295:La Louvière 1055:under King 1035:during the 1024:gained the 983:Lotharingia 864:Merovingian 751:within the 681:Terminology 616:World War I 602:There is a 563:During the 296:Les Engagés 6785:Categories 6711:Luxembourg 6693:Luxembourg 6495:Luxembourg 6095:24 January 5815:Artnet.com 5606:18 January 5602:. May 2007 5428:(in Dutch) 4964:14 January 4878:13 January 4401:References 4070:newspapers 4059:"Wallonia" 3918:specialty 3754:surrealism 3746:Noël Godin 3614:Surrealism 3457:surrealist 3376:painters. 3370:Henri Blès 3201:Surrealism 3177:Jean Lebel 3064:In Walloon 3049:Tchantchès 3036:Literature 2983:newspapers 2972:"Wallonia" 2919:Arelerland 2911:Champenois 2757:newspapers 2746:"Wallonia" 2646:Protestant 2644:, 3% were 2618:Walon todi 2563:coq wallon 2277:Luxembourg 2273:cyclotrons 1567:Luxembourg 1487:Henegouwen 1456:Population 1260:fault line 1240:landlocked 995:Old French 940:Maastricht 812:conquered 778:Old French 749:sprachraum 720:, meaning 350:Population 270:Government 101:Wallounien 6550:by region 6532:Electoral 6414:Provinces 6161:24 August 6133:Skywin.be 5648:skynet.be 5570:lesoir.be 5328:0017-257X 5049:"Welcome" 4728:"Walloon" 4650:Bbc.co.uk 4530:"be.STAT" 4496:; Dutch: 4481:Walonreye 4423:Wallonien 4406:Footnotes 4395:Huguenots 4214:Rotterdam 4192:Waterways 4164:Charleroi 4100:June 2023 3972:Rochefort 3885:, or the 3847:are also 3826:white men 3788:white men 3778:Festivals 3758:absurdism 3632:serialism 3600:in 1822, 3588:(born in 3410:, 1858 – 3301:Rhineland 3295:from the 3289:Mosan art 3243:In Picard 3140:In French 3013:June 2023 2921:(Land of 2849:(70) and 2787:June 2023 2703:Languages 2571:cok walon 2559:coq hardi 2511:far-right 2499:left-wing 2269:limestone 2261:armaments 2228:The word 2196:Charleroi 2188:Charleroi 2154:. In the 2137:, on the 2025:Engineer 1735:(110,428) 1729:(195,790) 1723:(204,146) 1721:Charleroi 1571:Luxemburg 1544:1,106,992 1502:1,344,241 1410:High Fens 1398:Thiérache 1332:, around 1328:(French: 1303:Charleroi 1301:, around 1299:Pays noir 1293:, around 1285:, around 1252:Charleroi 1206:Geography 1039:. 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