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thick, geologically stable sites and collection systems to contain and capture this leachate. It can then be treated and evaporated. Once a landfill site is full, it is sealed off to prevent precipitation ingress and new leachate formation. However, liners must have a lifespan, be it several hundred years or more. Eventually, any landfill liner could leak, so the ground around landfills must be tested for leachate to prevent pollutants from contaminating groundwater.
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place at night and then removed the following day prior to waste placement. The space that is occupied daily by the compacted waste and the cover material is called a daily cell. Waste compaction is critical to extending the life of the landfill. Factors such as waste compressibility, waste-layer thickness and the number of passes of the compactor over the waste affect the waste densities.
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64:
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may weigh waste collection vehicles on arrival and personnel may inspect loads for wastes that do not accord with the landfill's waste-acceptance criteria. Afterward, the waste collection vehicles use the existing road network on their way to the tipping face or working front, where they unload their
1448:
When precipitation falls on open landfills, water percolates through the garbage and becomes contaminated with suspended and dissolved material, forming leachate. If this is not contained it can contaminate groundwater. All modern landfill sites use a combination of impermeable liners several metres
1190:
Usually, aerobic decomposition is the first stage by which wastes are broken down in a landfill. These are followed by four stages of anaerobic degradation. Usually, solid organic material in solid phase decays rapidly as larger organic molecules degrade into smaller molecules. These smaller organic
1157:
Typically, in the working face, the compacted waste is covered with soil or alternative materials daily. Alternative waste-cover materials include chipped wood or other "green waste", several sprayed-on foam products, chemically "fixed" bio-solids, and temporary blankets. Blankets can be lifted into
1479:, the fraction of gas constituents will vary, depending on the age of landfill, type of waste, moisture content and other factors. For example, the maximum amount of landfill gas produced can be illustrated a simplified net reaction of diethyl oxalate that accounts for these simultaneous reactions:
1555:, and is flammable and potentially explosive at certain concentrations, which makes it perfect for burning to generate electricity cleanly. Since decomposing plant matter and food waste only release carbon that has been captured from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, no new carbon enters the
1153:
on the working face. Before leaving the landfill boundaries, the waste collection vehicles may pass through a wheel-cleaning facility. If necessary, they return to the weighbridge for re-weighing without their load. The weighing process can assemble statistics on the daily incoming waste tonnage,
1763:
Landfilling is currently the major method of municipal waste disposal in India. India also has Asia's largest dumping ground in Deonar, Mumbai. However, issues frequently arise due to the alarming growth rate of landfills and poor management by authorities. On and under surface fires have been
1178:
is usually shorthand for a municipal landfill or sanitary landfill. These facilities were first introduced early in the 20th century, but gained wide use in the 1960s and 1970s, in an effort to eliminate open dumps and other "unsanitary" waste disposal practices. The sanitary landfill is an
1081:
Some landfill sites are used for waste management purposes, such as temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or for various stages of processing waste material, such as sorting, treatment, or recycling. Unless they are stabilized, landfills may undergo severe shaking or
3653:
1154:
which databases can retain for record keeping. In addition to trucks, some landfills may have equipment to handle railroad containers. The use of "rail-haul" permits landfills to be located at more remote sites, without the problems associated with many truck trips.
1660:. Landfill gas monitoring alerts workers to the presence of a build-up of gases to a harmful level. In some countries, landfill gas recovery is extensive; in the United States, for example, more than 850 landfills have active landfill gas recovery systems.
1322:
bacteria increases the amount of degradation of the waste material and consuming nutrients. Metals, which are generally more water-soluble at lower pH, may become more mobile during this phase, leading to increasing metal concentrations in the leachate.
1815:
Permitting a landfill generally takes between five and seven years, costs millions of dollars and requires rigorous siting, engineering and environmental studies and demonstrations to ensure local environmental and safety concerns are satisfied.
1210:
increases with increasing concentrations of the more recalcitrant compounds compared to the more reactive compounds in the leachate. Successful conversion and stabilization of the waste depend on how well microbial populations function in
1339:
by methanogenic microorganisms. As VFAs are metabolized by the methanogens, the landfill water pH returns to neutrality. The leachate's organic strength, expressed as oxygen demand, decreases at a rapid rate with increases in
1376:
potential (ORP) in the leachate toward oxidative processes. The residual organic materials may incrementally be converted to the gas phase, and as organic matter is composted; i.e. the organic matter is converted to
1409:
disruption, such as damage to access roads by heavy vehicles, may occur. Pollution of local roads and watercourses from wheels on vehicles when they leave the landfill can be significant and can be mitigated by
783:
2733:
Gomez, A.M.; Yannarell, A.C.; Sims, G.K.; Cadavid-Resterpoa, G.; Herrera, C.X.M. (2011). "Characterization of bacterial diversity at different depths in the
Moravia Hill Landfill site at MedellĂn, Colombia".
1191:
molecules begin to dissolve and move to the liquid phase, followed by hydrolysis of these organic molecules, and the hydrolyzed compounds then undergo transformation and volatilization as carbon dioxide (CO
962:
1890:
contexts, companies have also discovered landfill sites, and many have begun harvesting materials and energy. Well-known examples include gas-recovery facilities. Other commercial facilities include waste
957:
1603:
1183:) in which microbes will break down complex organic waste into simpler, less toxic compounds over time. These reactors must be designed and operated according to regulatory standards and guidelines (See
1725:
Landfills in Canada are regulated by provincial environmental agencies and environmental protection legislation. Older facilities tend to fall under current standards and are monitored for
2320:
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (2007) Landfill bioreactor performance: second interim report: outer loop recycling & disposal facility - Louisville, Kentucky, EPA/600/R-07/060
1234:
content of the landfill bioreactor strata gradually decreases. Microbial populations grow, density increases. Aerobic biodegradation dominates, i.e. the primary electron acceptor is O
1070:, although the systematic burial of waste with daily, intermediate and final covers only began in the 1940s. In the past, waste was simply left in piles or thrown into pits (known in
3710:
3646:
2380:
US EPA, "Solid Waste
Disposal Facility Criteria; Proposed Rule", Federal Register 53(168):33314–33422, 40 CFR Parts 257 and 258, US EPA, Washington, D.C., August 30 (1988a).
2478:
Powell, Jon T.; Townsend, Timothy G.; Zimmerman, Julie B. (September 21, 2015). "Estimates of solid waste disposal rates and reduction targets for landfill gas emissions".
1808:
U.S. landfills are regulated by each state's environmental agency, which establishes minimum guidelines; however, none of these standards may fall below those set by the
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2541:
2241:
967:
3631:
2711:
2064:
1809:
2576:
2330:
Weitz, Keith; Barlaz, Morton; Ranjithan, Ranji; Brill, Downey; Thorneloe, Susan; Ham, Robert (July 1999). "Life Cycle
Management of Municipal Solid Waste".
2896:
1838:: for commercial and industrial waste. Other related landfills include Construction and Demolition Debris Landfills and Coal Combustion Residual Landfills.
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733:
1356:
The rate of microbiological activity slows during the last phase of waste decomposition as the supply of nutrients limits the chemical reactions, e.g. as
3478:
2095:
1924:
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from aerobic and anaerobic decomposition, respectively. Both processes occur simultaneously in different parts of a landfill. In addition to available O
2120:
1254:
leads to less aerobic and more anaerobic conditions in the layers. The primary electron acceptors during transition are nitrates and sulphates since O
3016:
2820:
2210:
3740:
2603:
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3488:
1529:
952:
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1849:
226:
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In the
European Union, individual states are obliged to enact legislation to comply with the requirements and obligations of the European
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353:
273:
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947:
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303:
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Hydrolysis of the biodegradable fraction of the solid waste begins in the acid formation phase, which leads to rapid accumulation of
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2985:
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2304:
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generation phase is relatively short because it is complete by the end of the acid formation phase. The increase in the biomass of
3735:
3538:
3528:
3443:
3293:
3043:
2105:
2006:
1950:
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They can also cover waste (usually daily) with layers of soil or other types of material such as woodchips and fine particles.
1038:
748:
511:
93:
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3513:
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2402:
1803:
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disruption due to occupation of habitat and animal health disruption caused by consuming waste from landfills, dust, odor,
3533:
3493:
3458:
2969:
1755:
The majority of EU member states have laws banning or severely restricting the disposal of household trash via landfills.
983:
433:
2392:
Themelis, Nickolas J., and
Priscilla A. Ulloa. "Methane generation in landfills." Renewable Energy 32.7 (2007), 1243–1257
1278:
from approximately 7.5 to 5.6. During this phase, the decomposition intermediate compounds like the VFAs contribute much
3831:
3826:
3621:
3558:
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521:
373:
348:
143:
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383:
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3333:
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1206:, as the biodegradable organic matter of the waste undergoes a rapid decrease in volume. Meanwhile, the leachate's
1031:
388:
238:
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2707:
1126:
Operators of well-run landfills for non-hazardous waste meet predefined specifications by applying techniques to:
3857:
3616:
3543:
3508:
3498:
3483:
2577:"Fighting Mountains Of Garbage: Here Is How Indian Cities Dealt With Landfill Crisis In 2018 | Swachh Year Ender"
1794:
where authorities cannot 'trade' amongst themselves, but have allowances known as the
Landfill Allowance Scheme.
1303:
1184:
763:
728:
688:
341:
308:
158:
32:
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1179:
engineered facility that separates and confines waste. Sanitary landfills are intended as biological reactors (
1997:, have banned the disposal of untreated waste in landfills. In these countries, only certain hazardous wastes,
1845:
1790:
has been established for local authorities to trade landfill quotas in
England. A different system operates in
1653:
1572:
1331:
The acid formation phase intermediary products (e.g., acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) are converted to CH
758:
378:
313:
250:
1373:
1961:. Depending on local economics and incentives, these can be made more financially attractive than landfills.
3658:
1958:
1676:
788:
743:
363:
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1709:
3368:
1778:
Landfilling practices in the UK have had to change in recent years to meet the challenges of the
European
1279:
1207:
926:
413:
2824:
2453:
3168:
3148:
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1825:
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by microbes. In a properly managed landfill, this gas is collected and used. Its uses range from simple
1584:
896:
738:
604:
516:
213:
1633:
1393:
Landfill operation in Hawaii. The area being filled is a single, well-defined "cell" and a protective
3770:
3518:
3363:
3268:
2743:
2523:
2339:
2085:
1841:
1411:
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1091:
438:
171:
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3081:
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3036:
2049:
1942:
1829:
1783:
1737:
1645:
1419:
1226:
As the waste is placed in the landfill, the void spaces contain high volumes of molecular oxygen (O
773:
718:
683:
609:
536:
486:
481:
466:
123:
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3415:
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2080:
2026:
1779:
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1007:
768:
644:
406:
188:
128:
98:
47:
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3343:
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3188:
2989:
2981:
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2355:
2300:
1900:
1638:
1083:
656:
579:
572:
526:
393:
183:
178:
88:
2297:
Municipal
Landfill, D. Vallero and G. Blight, pp. 235–249 in Waste: A Handbook for Management
2270:
1895:
which have built-in material recovery. This material recovery is possible through the use of
1828:: takes in household waste and nonhazardous material. Included in this type of landfill is a
3795:
3663:
3594:
3435:
3405:
3395:
3353:
3328:
3308:
3303:
3143:
3111:
3106:
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2778:
2751:
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2347:
2145:
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2020:
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1002:
916:
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753:
639:
592:
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476:
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443:
418:
358:
243:
193:
28:
2505:
1215:, i.e. an interaction of different populations to provide each other's nutritional needs.:
3765:
3689:
3425:
3420:
3390:
3288:
3273:
3178:
3173:
3133:
1938:
1930:
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1873:
1848:: Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) landfills that are monitored in the United States by the
1616:
1107:
701:
661:
531:
496:
428:
368:
296:
233:
133:
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2880:
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2747:
2559:
2343:
1114:
3811:
3684:
3358:
3338:
3248:
3208:
3096:
3029:
2604:"India's 'Mount Everest' of Trash Is Growing So Fast, It Needs Aircraft Warning Lights"
2040:
1861:
The status of a landfill's microbial community may determine its digestive efficiency.
1683:
1564:
1552:
1406:
1394:
1067:
1019:
823:
723:
678:
671:
666:
423:
118:
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3158:
2367:
2100:
838:
328:
323:
318:
76:
3694:
3400:
3278:
3258:
3203:
2090:
2002:
1883:
1687:
1672:
1628:
1556:
1547:
Landfill gases can seep out of the landfill and into the surrounding air and soil.
1464:
1458:
1357:
871:
833:
818:
649:
614:
559:
278:
138:
2755:
1274:(VFAs) in the leachate. The increased organic acid content decreases the leachate
3725:
3375:
3213:
3128:
3091:
2980:. 2nd Edition. Academic Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands and Boston MA, Print Book
2115:
2075:
2059:
2054:
1994:
1990:
1892:
1657:
1592:
1423:
1180:
1141:
1071:
793:
491:
471:
108:
3017:
A Compact Guide to Landfill Operation: Machinery, Management and Misconceptions
2846:
1282:(COD). Long-chain volatile organic acids (VOAs) are converted to acetic acid (C
3780:
3138:
3123:
2211:"Waste Management. Background information. General objectives of waste policy"
2016:
1946:
1912:
1896:
1563:
is not affected. Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to
1389:
1319:
1087:
843:
599:
103:
2359:
2299:. Amsterdam, Netherlands and Boston MA, Print Book: Elsevier Academic Press.
3760:
3313:
3052:
2948:
A Brief History of Solid Waste Management in the US During the Last 50 Years
2130:
1954:
1934:
1714:
1649:
1588:
1568:
1508:
On average, about half of the volumetric concentration of landfill gas is CH
1415:
1212:
1146:
911:
866:
828:
778:
713:
619:
83:
55:
17:
3223:
1701:
1250:
is rapidly degraded by the existing microbial populations. The decreasing O
2783:
3243:
3163:
2897:"Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999, on the landfill of waste"
2491:
1887:
1878:
One can treat landfills as a viable and abundant source of materials and
1726:
1612:
1443:
1427:
1398:
1203:
283:
2806:
2628:
3253:
2524:"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks | ontario.ca"
2351:
1998:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1548:
1218:
The life cycle of a municipal landfill undergoes five distinct phases:
1119:
63:
3198:
3153:
2140:
2110:
1978:
1591:. The occurrence of such vectors can be mitigated through the use of
1310:
production by fermentative bacteria, which stimulates the growth of H
1075:
921:
901:
808:
798:
506:
1607:
A group of wild elephants interacting with a trash dump in Sri Lanka
1166:
1102:
27:
For the practice of filling a body of water to create new land, see
2923:"The Landfill Operation Management Advisor Web Based Expert System"
1937:
strategies, there are various alternatives to landfills, including
3193:
3056:
2125:
1791:
1736:
1708:
1700:
1667:
1632:
1602:
1538:
1388:
1378:
1165:
1113:
1101:
1063:
931:
876:
268:
3006:
1742:
1533:
1368:
and oxidized species gradually reappearing in the gas wells as O
1199:), with rest of the waste remaining in solid and liquid phases.
906:
153:
148:
113:
3025:
2542:"Aging Landfills: Ontario's Forgotten Polluterswork=Eco Issues"
1764:
commonly seen in the Indian landfills over the last few years.
1401:
migrating downward through the underlying geological formation.
1372:
permeates downwardly from the troposphere. This transforms the
2708:"Disposal and Storage of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Waste"
2560:"CEWEP - The Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants"
1397:
is in place (exposed on the left) to prevent contamination by
2926:
2388:
2386:
1202:
During the early phases, little material volume reaches the
1864:
Bacteria that digest plastic have been found in landfills.
1275:
1405:
Landfills have the potential to cause a number of issues.
2506:"U.S. Landfills Are Getting a Second Life as Solar Farms"
1729:. Some former locations have been converted to parkland.
1348:
gas production. This is the longest decomposition phase.
3011:
1567:. In properly managed landfills, gas is collected and
1516:. The gas also contains about 5% molecular nitrogen (N
1786:
which is put into landfills. In addition to this the
1686:
is a repurposed used landfill that is converted to a
1583:
Poorly run landfills may become nuisances because of
1463:
Rotting food and other decaying organic waste create
1066:
materials. It is the oldest and most common form of
3703:
3672:
3582:
3434:
3231:
3067:
2428:"How does landfill and litter affect our wildlife?"
3711:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
2978:Environmental Biotechnology: A Biosystems Approach
2332:The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
1090:. Once full, the area over a landfill site may be
2950:. Archived from the original on November 23, 2005
2571:
2569:
1302:). High concentrations of VFAs increase both the
2942:H. Lanier Hickman Jr. and Richard W. Eldredge.
2821:"Commercial exploitation of gas from landfills"
2629:"Waste Management: A Half Century of Progress."
1364:production almost completely disappears, with O
1306:(BOD) and VOA concentrations, which initiates H
1886:often scavenge for still-usable materials. In
3037:
3007:US National Waste & Recycling Association
2712:United States Environmental Protection Agency
2065:Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance
1810:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1130:confine waste to as small an area as possible
1039:
8:
2692:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1907:and potassium filter, quench, HCl-washer, SO
1832:that specifically degrades organic material.
1352:Final maturation and stabilization (Phase V)
2295:Letcher, T.M.; Vallero, D.A., eds. (2019).
1644:Gases are produced in landfills due to the
3044:
3030:
3022:
2121:National Waste & Recycling Association
2096:List of solid waste treatment technologies
1925:List of solid waste treatment technologies
1360:phosphorus becomes increasingly scarce. CH
1118:Garbage dumped in the middle of a road in
1046:
1032:
936:
62:
42:
2782:
2290:
2288:
1230:). With added and compacted wastes, the O
3012:Solid Waste Association of North America
1587:such as rats and flies which can spread
38:Site for the disposal of waste materials
3741:High-level radioactive waste management
2667:EPA, OSWER, ORCR, US (March 24, 2016).
2202:
2158:
1782:. The UK now imposes landfill tax upon
1559:and the atmospheric concentration of CO
975:
939:
54:
2961:
2685:
1705:A landfill in Perth, Western Australia
1637:A gas flare produced by a landfill in
2403:"CO2 101: Why is carbon dioxide bad?"
1713:South East New Territories Landfill,
1619:, and reduced local property values.
1145:contents. After loads are deposited,
7:
3756:Sewage regulation and administration
2769:Gwyneth Dickey Zaikab (March 2011).
2627:Horinko, Marianne, Cathryn Courtin.
2544:. September 28, 2010. Archived from
2236:
2234:
1850:Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
1530:non-methane organic compounds (NMOC)
2847:"Regeringskansliets rättsdatabaser"
2669:"Basic Information about Landfills"
2631:EPA Alumni Association. March 2016.
274:Radium and radon in the environment
25:
2218:www.sustainabledevelopment.un.org
1788:Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme
1512:and slightly less than half is CO
1106:One of several landfills used by
3806:
3805:
3794:
3736:Extended producer responsibility
3222:
2771:"Marine microbes digest plastic"
2602:Cassella, Carly (June 5, 2019).
2033:
2019:
1543:Waste disposal in Athens, Greece
1013:
1001:
3294:Mechanical biological treatment
2944:"Part 3: The Sanitary Landfill"
2267:"Alternative Daily Cover (ADC)"
2106:Mechanical biological treatment
2009:plants may still be deposited.
2007:mechanical biological treatment
1951:mechanical biological treatment
1774:Landfills in the United Kingdom
1611:Other potential issues include
1528:S), and a low concentration of
1385:Social and environmental impact
1327:Methane fermentation (Phase IV)
94:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
1804:Landfills in the United States
1140:During landfill operations, a
1133:compact waste to reduce volume
1062:is a site for the disposal of
963:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
1:
2756:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.018
2736:Soil Biology and Biochemistry
2454:"Landfills are Ruining Lives"
1149:or bulldozers can spread and
434:Electrical resistance heating
2005:or the stabilized output of
1222:Initial adjustment (Phase I)
1162:Sanitary landfill life cycle
144:Persistent organic pollutant
3746:History of waste management
1882:. In the developing world,
1422:, such as contamination of
3874:
3334:fluorescent lamp recycling
2136:Recycling rates by country
1922:
1871:
1801:
1771:
1626:
1456:
1441:
1314:-oxidizing bacteria. The H
1266:Acid formation (Phase III)
1258:is rapidly displaced by CO
26:
3789:
3220:
2968:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2242:"How a Landfill Operates"
1658:generation of electricity
1304:biochemical oxygen demand
1185:environmental engineering
1170:Sanitary landfill diagram
689:War and environmental law
309:Health effects from noise
159:Volatile organic compound
33:Landfill (disambiguation)
3716:China's waste import ban
1654:landfill gas utilization
1573:landfill gas utilization
1086:of the ground during an
314:Marine mammals and sonar
3077:Agricultural wastewater
2246:www.co.cumberland.nc.us
1959:plasma arc gasification
789:Freshwater salinization
709:Agricultural wastewater
3801:Environment portal
3479:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3369:water recycling shower
2548:on September 28, 2010.
1745:
1741:The Rusko landfill in
1717:
1706:
1679:
1675:on a full landfill in
1641:
1608:
1544:
1402:
1280:chemical oxygen demand
1208:chemical oxygen demand
1171:
1123:
1111:
1008:Environment portal
31:. For other uses, see
3169:Municipal solid waste
3149:Industrial wastewater
2784:10.1038/news.2011.191
2480:Nature Climate Change
2407:Mother Nature Network
1826:Municipal solid waste
1740:
1712:
1704:
1671:
1636:
1606:
1542:
1412:wheel washing systems
1392:
1298:, and hydrogen gas (H
1262:in the effluent gas.
1242:Transition (Phase II)
1169:
1117:
1105:
749:Industrial wastewater
517:Municipal solid waste
439:Soil guideline values
3364:water heat recycling
3269:Garden waste dumping
2883:on February 22, 2015
2809:on December 8, 2009.
2799:"Sinologie Spectrum"
2648:on February 22, 2015
2492:10.1038/nclimate2804
2086:Landfill restoration
1969:Countries including
1868:Reclaiming materials
1434:may occur, as well.
1272:volatile fatty acids
1142:scale or weighbridge
958:Most polluted cities
610:Overhead power lines
68:A landfill in Poland
3731:Eco-industrial park
3319:appliance recycling
3239:Anaerobic digestion
3184:Post-consumer waste
3082:Biodegradable waste
2976:Daniel A. Vallero,
2929:on October 30, 2005
2851:rkrattsbaser.gov.se
2827:on October 24, 2011
2748:2011SBiBi..43.1275G
2583:. December 31, 2018
2344:1999IJLCA...4..195W
2050:Bioreactor landfill
1943:anaerobic digestion
1830:Bioreactor Landfill
1784:biodegradable waste
1646:anaerobic digestion
1589:infectious diseases
1465:decomposition gases
1453:Decomposition gases
1374:oxidation–reduction
774:Ocean acidification
684:Unexploded ordnance
605:Advertising clutter
537:Post-consumer waste
482:Foam food container
467:Biodegradable waste
124:Global distillation
3776:Waste minimisation
3721:Cleaner production
3386:Reusable packaging
3299:Mechanical sorting
3102:Construction waste
2877:"Modern landfills"
2642:"Modern landfills"
2434:. January 30, 2009
2352:10.1007/BF02979496
2081:Landfill diversion
2027:Environment portal
1780:Landfill Directive
1750:Landfill Directive
1746:
1718:
1707:
1680:
1642:
1609:
1545:
1432:soil contamination
1403:
1172:
1124:
1112:
1020:Ecology portal
645:Herbicidal warfare
189:Introduced species
129:Indoor air quality
99:Chlorofluorocarbon
3840:
3839:
3771:Waste legislation
3680:Sanitation worker
3654:London Convention
3590:Bamako Convention
3381:Resource recovery
3349:textile recycling
3344:plastic recycling
3324:battery recycling
3264:Ecological design
3189:Radioactive waste
2714:. August 19, 2015
1915:-grating, etc.).
1697:Regional practice
1639:Lake County, Ohio
1571:or recovered for
1381:-like compounds.
1195:) and methane (CH
1151:compact the waste
1084:soil liquefaction
1056:
1055:
991:
990:
657:Nuclear holocaust
580:Urban heat island
394:Radioactive waste
179:Biological hazard
89:Air quality index
16:(Redirected from
3865:
3858:Waste management
3809:
3808:
3799:
3798:
3664:OSPAR Convention
3595:Basel Convention
3406:Waste collection
3396:Sewage treatment
3354:timber recycling
3329:bottle recycling
3309:Reclaimed lumber
3304:Photodegradation
3226:
3144:Industrial waste
3112:Electronic waste
3107:Demolition waste
3087:Biomedical waste
3061:waste management
3046:
3039:
3032:
3023:
2973:
2967:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2925:. Archived from
2918:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2902:. Archived from
2901:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2879:. Archived from
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2823:. Archived from
2817:
2811:
2810:
2805:. Archived from
2803:www.chinalize.nl
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2742:(6): 1275–1284.
2730:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2644:. Archived from
2638:
2632:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2458:www.cdenviro.com
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2381:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2292:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2269:. Archived from
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2238:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2215:
2207:
2190:
2165:Also known as a
2163:
2146:Waste management
2071:Land reclamation
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2023:
1857:Microbial topics
1836:Industrial waste
1522:hydrogen sulfide
1520:), less than 1%
1094:for other uses.
1048:
1041:
1034:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1006:
1005:
937:
640:Chemical warfare
542:Waste management
502:Industrial waste
477:Electronic waste
462:Advertising mail
444:Phytoremediation
419:Land degradation
359:Depleted uranium
244:Overillumination
194:Invasive species
66:
43:
29:Land reclamation
21:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3812:Category: Waste
3793:
3785:
3766:Waste hierarchy
3699:
3690:Waste collector
3668:
3659:Oslo Convention
3578:
3430:
3426:Waste-to-energy
3421:Waste treatment
3391:Right to repair
3289:Landfill mining
3274:Illegal dumping
3227:
3218:
3179:Packaging waste
3174:Open defecation
3134:Hazardous waste
3063:
3050:
3003:
2960:
2953:
2951:
2941:
2932:
2930:
2921:
2912:
2910:
2909:on July 5, 2010
2906:
2899:
2895:
2886:
2884:
2875:
2872:
2870:Further reading
2867:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2830:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2684:
2677:
2675:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2575:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2540:
2539:
2535:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2512:. June 2, 2022.
2504:
2503:
2499:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2384:
2379:
2375:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2307:
2294:
2293:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2273:on June 5, 2012
2265:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2015:
1967:
1939:waste-to-energy
1931:waste reduction
1929:In addition to
1927:
1921:
1910:
1876:
1874:Landfill mining
1870:
1859:
1842:Hazardous waste
1822:
1806:
1800:
1776:
1770:
1761:
1735:
1723:
1699:
1666:
1631:
1625:
1617:noise pollution
1601:
1599:Other nuisances
1581:
1562:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:, especially CO
1461:
1455:
1446:
1440:
1387:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1268:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1198:
1194:
1164:
1108:Dryden, Ontario
1100:
1052:
1014:
1012:
1000:
993:
992:
892:
884:
883:
857:
849:
848:
784:Pharmaceuticals
764:Nonpoint source
704:
694:
693:
662:Nuclear fallout
635:
625:
624:
595:
585:
584:
575:
565:
564:
555:
547:
546:
532:Packaging waste
497:Hazardous waste
457:
449:
448:
409:
399:
398:
369:Nuclear fallout
364:Nuclear fission
344:
334:
333:
299:
289:
288:
264:
256:
255:
229:
227:Electromagnetic
219:
218:
209:
201:
200:
174:
164:
163:
134:Ozone depletion
79:
69:
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3871:
3869:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3845:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3803:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3685:Street sweeper
3682:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3569:United Kingdom
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3359:tire recycling
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3339:land recycling
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3249:Biodegradation
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3209:Surface runoff
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3097:Chemical waste
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3026:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3002:
3001:External links
2999:
2998:
2997:
2974:
2939:
2919:
2893:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2838:
2812:
2790:
2761:
2725:
2699:
2659:
2633:
2620:
2594:
2565:
2551:
2533:
2528:www.ontario.ca
2515:
2497:
2486:(2): 162–165.
2470:
2445:
2419:
2394:
2382:
2373:
2338:(4): 195–201.
2322:
2313:
2305:
2284:
2258:
2230:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:dumping ground
2157:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2041:Ecology portal
2030:
2014:
2011:
1966:
1963:
1941:incineration,
1920:
1917:
1908:
1901:electro filter
1872:Main article:
1869:
1866:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1839:
1833:
1821:
1818:
1802:Main article:
1799:
1796:
1772:Main article:
1769:
1768:United Kingdom
1766:
1760:
1757:
1734:
1733:European Union
1731:
1722:
1719:
1698:
1695:
1684:Solar landfill
1665:
1664:Solar landfill
1662:
1627:Main article:
1624:
1621:
1600:
1597:
1580:
1577:
1565:climate change
1560:
1553:greenhouse gas
1525:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1457:Main article:
1454:
1451:
1442:Main article:
1439:
1436:
1407:Infrastructure
1395:landfill liner
1386:
1383:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1315:
1311:
1307:
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1264:
1259:
1255:
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1247:
1243:
1240:
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1227:
1223:
1220:
1196:
1192:
1163:
1160:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1099:
1096:
1068:waste disposal
1054:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1010:
995:
994:
989:
988:
987:
986:
978:
977:
973:
972:
971:
970:
965:
960:
955:
953:Law by country
950:
942:
941:
935:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
890:
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886:
885:
882:
881:
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879:
874:
864:
858:
855:
854:
851:
850:
847:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
824:Surface runoff
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
724:Eutrophication
721:
716:
711:
705:
700:
699:
696:
695:
692:
691:
686:
681:
679:Scorched earth
676:
675:
674:
672:Nuclear winter
669:
667:Nuclear famine
664:
654:
653:
652:
642:
636:
631:
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
596:
591:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
576:
571:
570:
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553:
552:
549:
548:
545:
544:
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534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
458:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
424:Bioremediation
421:
416:
410:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
354:Bioremediation
351:
345:
340:
339:
336:
335:
332:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
304:Transportation
300:
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
281:
276:
271:
265:
262:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
251:Radio spectrum
248:
247:
246:
241:
230:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
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196:
186:
181:
175:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
119:Global dimming
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
80:
75:
74:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
52:
51:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3870:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3833:
3832:Organizations
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3751:Landfill fire
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3600:EU directives
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3574:United States
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
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3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
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3517:
3515:
3512:
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3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
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3477:
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3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Waste sorting
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
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3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:Marine debris
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2995:
2994:9780124078970
2991:
2987:
2986:9780124077768
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2905:
2898:
2894:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2791:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2765:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2726:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2660:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2621:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2552:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2474:
2471:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2433:
2432:MY ZERO WASTE
2429:
2423:
2420:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2308:
2306:9780128150603
2302:
2298:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2277:September 14,
2272:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2152:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Marine debris
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2031:
2028:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1905:active-carbon
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1884:waste pickers
1881:
1875:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1805:
1798:United States
1797:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1744:
1743:Oulu, Finland
1739:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1532:, about 2700
1531:
1523:
1506:
1480:
1466:
1460:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1418:of the local
1417:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1359:
1351:
1349:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1305:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1263:
1241:
1239:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1004:
999:
998:
997:
996:
985:
982:
981:
980:
979:
974:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
944:
943:
938:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
888:
887:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
853:
852:
845:
842:
840:
839:Water quality
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
703:
698:
697:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
658:
655:
651:
648:
647:
646:
643:
641:
638:
637:
634:
629:
628:
621:
618:
616:
615:Traffic signs
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:
589:
588:
581:
578:
577:
574:
569:
568:
561:
558:
557:
551:
550:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
522:Nanomaterials
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
453:
452:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
411:
408:
403:
402:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
384:Radioactivity
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
343:
338:
337:
330:
329:Soundproofing
327:
325:
324:Noise control
322:
320:
319:Noise barrier
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
298:
293:
292:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
266:
260:
259:
252:
249:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
223:
222:
215:
212:
211:
205:
204:
195:
192:
191:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
173:
168:
167:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
78:
73:
72:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
34:
30:
19:
3704:Other topics
3695:Waste picker
3622:incineration
3401:Urban mining
3283:
3279:Incineration
3259:Durable good
3204:Sharps waste
3164:Mining waste
2977:
2952:. Retrieved
2947:
2931:. Retrieved
2927:the original
2911:. Retrieved
2904:the original
2887:February 21,
2885:. Retrieved
2881:the original
2855:. Retrieved
2853:(in Swedish)
2850:
2841:
2831:November 28,
2829:. Retrieved
2825:the original
2815:
2807:the original
2802:
2793:
2774:
2764:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2702:
2676:. Retrieved
2672:
2662:
2652:February 21,
2650:. Retrieved
2646:the original
2636:
2623:
2613:February 21,
2611:. Retrieved
2608:ScienceAlert
2607:
2597:
2587:February 21,
2585:. Retrieved
2580:
2554:
2546:the original
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2463:February 22,
2461:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2438:February 22,
2436:. Retrieved
2431:
2422:
2412:November 30,
2410:. Retrieved
2406:
2397:
2376:
2335:
2331:
2325:
2316:
2296:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2261:
2251:February 22,
2249:. Retrieved
2245:
2221:. Retrieved
2217:
2205:
2186:
2182:
2179:garbage dump
2178:
2175:rubbish dump
2174:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2091:Landfill tax
2067:(HELP) model
2003:incineration
1968:
1965:Restrictions
1928:
1919:Alternatives
1893:incinerators
1877:
1863:
1860:
1814:
1807:
1777:
1762:
1754:
1747:
1724:
1681:
1677:Rehoboth, MA
1673:Solar arrays
1643:
1629:Landfill gas
1623:Landfill gas
1610:
1582:
1557:carbon cycle
1546:
1507:
1481:
1462:
1459:Landfill gas
1447:
1404:
1358:bioavailable
1355:
1330:
1269:
1245:
1225:
1217:
1201:
1189:
1175:
1173:
1156:
1139:
1136:
1125:
1080:
1059:
1057:
927:Point source
872:Heavy metals
834:Urban runoff
819:Sulfur water
794:Septic tanks
650:Agent Orange
560:Space debris
414:Agricultural
279:Volcanic ash
139:Particulates
40:
18:Rubbish dump
3726:Downcycling
3673:Occupations
3642:waste water
3539:Switzerland
3529:South Korea
3519:New Zealand
3444:Afghanistan
3416:Waste trade
3376:Repurposing
3214:Toxic waste
3194:Scrap metal
3129:Green waste
3092:Brown waste
3069:Major types
2673:www.epa.gov
2116:Milorganite
2076:Landfarming
2060:Fly-tipping
2055:Daily cover
1995:Switzerland
1991:Netherlands
1688:solar array
1593:daily cover
1424:groundwater
1420:environment
1181:bioreactors
897:Area source
739:Groundwater
492:Green waste
472:Brown waste
456:Solid waste
214:Information
109:Exhaust gas
3847:Categories
3781:Zero waste
3583:Agreements
3514:Kazakhstan
3469:Bangladesh
3254:Composting
3139:Heat waste
3124:Food waste
3117:by country
2954:August 29,
2933:August 29,
2913:August 29,
2311:804 pages.
2197:References
2183:trash dump
1947:composting
1923:See also:
1913:bottom ash
1888:commercial
1691:solar farm
1320:acidogenic
1147:compactors
1122:, Pakistan
1098:Operations
1088:earthquake
1072:archeology
984:By country
976:Categories
867:Pollutants
844:Wastewater
814:Stagnation
759:Monitoring
734:Freshwater
600:Air travel
487:Food waste
429:Defecation
239:Ecological
172:Biological
104:Combustion
46:Part of a
3761:Upcycling
3627:landfills
3617:framework
3610:Recycling
3605:batteries
3534:Sri Lanka
3494:Hong Kong
3459:Australia
3436:Countries
3314:Recycling
3232:Processes
3053:Biosolids
2678:March 14,
2368:108698198
2360:0948-3349
2131:Open dump
1999:fly ashes
1955:pyrolysis
1935:recycling
1911:-washer,
1846:PCB waste
1715:Hong Kong
1498:O → 13 CH
1416:Pollution
1399:leachates
1213:syntrophy
1174:The term
1092:reclaimed
912:Garbology
829:Turbidity
779:Oil spill
729:Firewater
714:Biosolids
620:Vandalism
379:Poisoning
374:Plutonium
349:Actinides
342:Radiation
84:Acid rain
56:Pollution
3853:Landfill
3822:Journals
3637:vehicles
3559:Thailand
3549:Tanzania
3284:Landfill
3244:Balefill
2988:; eBook
2964:cite web
2688:cite web
2013:See also
1727:leaching
1613:wildlife
1444:Leachate
1438:Leachate
1428:aquifers
1204:leachate
1176:landfill
1110:, Canada
1060:landfill
968:Treaties
948:Diseases
804:Shipping
769:Nutrient
719:Diseases
284:Wildfire
3489:Georgia
3464:Belgium
3454:Armenia
3449:Albania
2996:. 2015.
2744:Bibcode
2718:May 10,
2340:Bibcode
2223:May 10,
1987:Belgium
1983:Denmark
1975:Austria
1971:Germany
1897:filters
1852:(TSCA).
1812:(EPA).
1652:to the
1650:flaring
1585:vectors
1579:Vectors
1549:Methane
1502:+ 11 CO
1120:Karachi
1076:middens
862:History
744:Hypoxia
573:Thermal
527:Plastic
389:Uranium
263:Natural
208:Digital
184:Genetic
3810:
3564:Turkey
3554:Taiwan
3524:Russia
3504:Israel
3474:Brazil
3199:Sewage
3154:Litter
3059:, and
2992:
2984:
2857:May 9,
2775:Nature
2366:
2358:
2303:
2141:Sludge
2111:Midden
1993:, and
1989:, the
1979:Sweden
1880:energy
1721:Canada
1569:flared
1471:and CH
1344:and CO
1335:and CO
922:Midden
917:Legacy
902:Debris
856:Topics
809:Sludge
799:Sewage
754:Marine
593:Visual
512:Mining
507:Litter
48:series
3827:Lists
3817:Index
3544:Syria
3509:Japan
3499:India
3484:Egypt
3057:waste
2907:(PDF)
2900:(PDF)
2364:S2CID
2214:(PDF)
2185:, or
2153:Notes
2126:NIMBY
2001:from
1820:Types
1792:Wales
1759:India
1551:is a
1494:+ 6 H
1379:humic
1294:), CO
1246:The O
1064:waste
940:Lists
932:Waste
877:Paint
702:Water
554:Space
297:Noise
269:Ozone
234:Light
3647:WEEE
3632:RoHS
2990:ISBN
2982:ISBN
2970:link
2956:2005
2935:2005
2915:2005
2889:2015
2859:2019
2833:2009
2720:2017
2694:link
2680:2017
2654:2015
2615:2020
2589:2020
2581:NDTV
2510:TIME
2465:2020
2440:2020
2414:2016
2356:ISSN
2301:ISBN
2279:2012
2253:2020
2225:2024
2171:dump
1957:and
1933:and
1656:and
1534:ppmv
907:Dust
891:Misc
407:Soil
154:Soot
149:Smog
114:Haze
2779:doi
2752:doi
2488:doi
2348:doi
2167:tip
1844:or
1482:4 C
1430:or
1426:or
1187:).
1078:).
1074:as
633:War
77:Air
3849::
3055:,
2966:}}
2962:{{
2946:.
2849:.
2801:.
2777:.
2773:.
2750:.
2740:43
2738:.
2710:.
2690:}}
2686:{{
2671:.
2606:.
2579:.
2568:^
2526:.
2508:.
2482:.
2456:.
2430:.
2405:.
2385:^
2362:.
2354:.
2346:.
2334:.
2287:^
2244:.
2233:^
2216:.
2181:,
2177:,
2173:,
2169:,
1985:,
1981:,
1977:,
1973:,
1953:,
1949:,
1945:,
1903:,
1752:.
1693:.
1682:A
1595:.
1575:.
1536:.
1524:(H
1488:10
1414:.
1340:CH
1276:pH
1238:.
1058:A
50:on
3045:e
3038:t
3031:v
2972:)
2958:.
2937:.
2917:.
2891:.
2861:.
2835:.
2787:.
2781::
2758:.
2754::
2746::
2722:.
2696:)
2682:.
2656:.
2617:.
2591:.
2562:.
2530:.
2494:.
2490::
2484:6
2467:.
2442:.
2416:.
2370:.
2350::
2342::
2336:4
2309:.
2281:.
2255:.
2227:.
2189:.
1909:2
1899:(
1561:2
1526:2
1518:2
1514:2
1510:4
1504:2
1500:4
1496:2
1492:4
1490:O
1486:H
1484:6
1477:2
1473:4
1469:2
1370:2
1366:2
1362:4
1346:2
1342:4
1337:2
1333:4
1316:2
1312:2
1308:2
1300:2
1296:2
1292:2
1290:O
1288:4
1286:H
1284:2
1260:2
1256:2
1252:2
1248:2
1236:2
1232:2
1228:2
1197:4
1193:2
1047:e
1040:t
1033:v
35:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
