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thick, geologically stable sites and collection systems to contain and capture this leachate. It can then be treated and evaporated. Once a landfill site is full, it is sealed off to prevent precipitation ingress and new leachate formation. However, liners must have a lifespan, be it several hundred years or more. Eventually, any landfill liner could leak, so the ground around landfills must be tested for leachate to prevent pollutants from contaminating groundwater.
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place at night and then removed the following day prior to waste placement. The space that is occupied daily by the compacted waste and the cover material is called a daily cell. Waste compaction is critical to extending the life of the landfill. Factors such as waste compressibility, waste-layer thickness and the number of passes of the compactor over the waste affect the waste densities.
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66:
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may weigh waste collection vehicles on arrival and personnel may inspect loads for wastes that do not accord with the landfill's waste-acceptance criteria. Afterward, the waste collection vehicles use the existing road network on their way to the tipping face or working front, where they unload their
1454:
When precipitation falls on open landfills, water percolates through the garbage and becomes contaminated with suspended and dissolved material, forming leachate. If this is not contained it can contaminate groundwater. All modern landfill sites use a combination of impermeable liners several metres
1196:
Usually, aerobic decomposition is the first stage by which wastes are broken down in a landfill. These are followed by four stages of anaerobic degradation. Usually, solid organic material in solid phase decays rapidly as larger organic molecules degrade into smaller molecules. These smaller organic
1163:
Typically, in the working face, the compacted waste is covered with soil or alternative materials daily. Alternative waste-cover materials include chipped wood or other "green waste", several sprayed-on foam products, chemically "fixed" bio-solids, and temporary blankets. Blankets can be lifted into
1485:, the fraction of gas constituents will vary, depending on the age of landfill, type of waste, moisture content and other factors. For example, the maximum amount of landfill gas produced can be illustrated a simplified net reaction of diethyl oxalate that accounts for these simultaneous reactions:
1561:, and is flammable and potentially explosive at certain concentrations, which makes it perfect for burning to generate electricity cleanly. Since decomposing plant matter and food waste only release carbon that has been captured from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, no new carbon enters the
1159:
on the working face. Before leaving the landfill boundaries, the waste collection vehicles may pass through a wheel-cleaning facility. If necessary, they return to the weighbridge for re-weighing without their load. The weighing process can assemble statistics on the daily incoming waste tonnage,
1769:
Landfilling is currently the major method of municipal waste disposal in India. India also has Asia's largest dumping ground in Deonar, Mumbai. However, issues frequently arise due to the alarming growth rate of landfills and poor management by authorities. On and under surface fires have been
1184:
is usually shorthand for a municipal landfill or sanitary landfill. These facilities were first introduced early in the 20th century, but gained wide use in the 1960s and 1970s, in an effort to eliminate open dumps and other "unsanitary" waste disposal practices. The sanitary landfill is an
1083:
Some landfill sites are used for waste management purposes, such as temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or for various stages of processing waste material, such as sorting, treatment, or recycling. Unless they are stabilized, landfills may undergo severe shaking or
3659:
1160:
which databases can retain for record keeping. In addition to trucks, some landfills may have equipment to handle railroad containers. The use of "rail-haul" permits landfills to be located at more remote sites, without the problems associated with many truck trips.
1666:. Landfill gas monitoring alerts workers to the presence of a build-up of gases to a harmful level. In some countries, landfill gas recovery is extensive; in the United States, for example, more than 850 landfills have active landfill gas recovery systems.
1328:
bacteria increases the amount of degradation of the waste material and consuming nutrients. Metals, which are generally more water-soluble at lower pH, may become more mobile during this phase, leading to increasing metal concentrations in the leachate.
1821:
Permitting a landfill generally takes between five and seven years, costs millions of dollars and requires rigorous siting, engineering and environmental studies and demonstrations to ensure local environmental and safety concerns are satisfied.
1216:
increases with increasing concentrations of the more recalcitrant compounds compared to the more reactive compounds in the leachate. Successful conversion and stabilization of the waste depend on how well microbial populations function in
1345:
by methanogenic microorganisms. As VFAs are metabolized by the methanogens, the landfill water pH returns to neutrality. The leachate's organic strength, expressed as oxygen demand, decreases at a rapid rate with increases in
1382:
potential (ORP) in the leachate toward oxidative processes. The residual organic materials may incrementally be converted to the gas phase, and as organic matter is composted; i.e. the organic matter is converted to
1415:
disruption, such as damage to access roads by heavy vehicles, may occur. Pollution of local roads and watercourses from wheels on vehicles when they leave the landfill can be significant and can be mitigated by
785:
2739:
Gomez, A.M.; Yannarell, A.C.; Sims, G.K.; Cadavid-Resterpoa, G.; Herrera, C.X.M. (2011). "Characterization of bacterial diversity at different depths in the
Moravia Hill Landfill site at MedellĂn, Colombia".
1197:
molecules begin to dissolve and move to the liquid phase, followed by hydrolysis of these organic molecules, and the hydrolyzed compounds then undergo transformation and volatilization as carbon dioxide (CO
964:
1896:
contexts, companies have also discovered landfill sites, and many have begun harvesting materials and energy. Well-known examples include gas-recovery facilities. Other commercial facilities include waste
959:
1609:
1189:) in which microbes will break down complex organic waste into simpler, less toxic compounds over time. These reactors must be designed and operated according to regulatory standards and guidelines (See
1731:
Landfills in Canada are regulated by provincial environmental agencies and environmental protection legislation. Older facilities tend to fall under current standards and are monitored for
2326:
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (2007) Landfill bioreactor performance: second interim report: outer loop recycling & disposal facility - Louisville, Kentucky, EPA/600/R-07/060
1240:
content of the landfill bioreactor strata gradually decreases. Microbial populations grow, density increases. Aerobic biodegradation dominates, i.e. the primary electron acceptor is O
1072:, although the systematic burial of waste with daily, intermediate and final covers only began in the 1940s. In the past, waste was simply left in piles or thrown into pits (known in
3716:
3652:
2386:
US EPA, "Solid Waste
Disposal Facility Criteria; Proposed Rule", Federal Register 53(168):33314–33422, 40 CFR Parts 257 and 258, US EPA, Washington, D.C., August 30 (1988a).
2484:
Powell, Jon T.; Townsend, Timothy G.; Zimmerman, Julie B. (September 21, 2015). "Estimates of solid waste disposal rates and reduction targets for landfill gas emissions".
1814:
U.S. landfills are regulated by each state's environmental agency, which establishes minimum guidelines; however, none of these standards may fall below those set by the
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2547:
2247:
969:
3637:
2717:
2070:
1815:
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2336:
Weitz, Keith; Barlaz, Morton; Ranjithan, Ranji; Brill, Downey; Thorneloe, Susan; Ham, Robert (July 1999). "Life Cycle
Management of Municipal Solid Waste".
2902:
1844:: for commercial and industrial waste. Other related landfills include Construction and Demolition Debris Landfills and Coal Combustion Residual Landfills.
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The rate of microbiological activity slows during the last phase of waste decomposition as the supply of nutrients limits the chemical reactions, e.g. as
3484:
2101:
1930:
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from aerobic and anaerobic decomposition, respectively. Both processes occur simultaneously in different parts of a landfill. In addition to available O
2126:
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leads to less aerobic and more anaerobic conditions in the layers. The primary electron acceptors during transition are nitrates and sulphates since O
3022:
2826:
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In the
European Union, individual states are obliged to enact legislation to comply with the requirements and obligations of the European
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355:
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Hydrolysis of the biodegradable fraction of the solid waste begins in the acid formation phase, which leads to rapid accumulation of
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generation phase is relatively short because it is complete by the end of the acid formation phase. The increase in the biomass of
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2012:
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They can also cover waste (usually daily) with layers of soil or other types of material such as woodchips and fine particles.
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disruption due to occupation of habitat and animal health disruption caused by consuming waste from landfills, dust, odor,
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3499:
3464:
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The majority of EU member states have laws banning or severely restricting the disposal of household trash via landfills.
985:
435:
2398:
Themelis, Nickolas J., and
Priscilla A. Ulloa. "Methane generation in landfills." Renewable Energy 32.7 (2007), 1243–1257
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from approximately 7.5 to 5.6. During this phase, the decomposition intermediate compounds like the VFAs contribute much
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3832:
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523:
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1212:, as the biodegradable organic matter of the waste undergoes a rapid decrease in volume. Meanwhile, the leachate's
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390:
240:
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Operators of well-run landfills for non-hazardous waste meet predefined specifications by applying techniques to:
3863:
3622:
3549:
3514:
3504:
3489:
2583:"Fighting Mountains Of Garbage: Here Is How Indian Cities Dealt With Landfill Crisis In 2018 | Swachh Year Ender"
1800:
where authorities cannot 'trade' amongst themselves, but have allowances known as the
Landfill Allowance Scheme.
1309:
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765:
730:
690:
343:
310:
160:
32:
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engineered facility that separates and confines waste. Sanitary landfills are intended as biological reactors (
2003:, have banned the disposal of untreated waste in landfills. In these countries, only certain hazardous wastes,
1851:
1796:
has been established for local authorities to trade landfill quotas in
England. A different system operates in
1659:
1578:
1337:
The acid formation phase intermediary products (e.g., acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) are converted to CH
760:
380:
315:
252:
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1967:. Depending on local economics and incentives, these can be made more financially attractive than landfills.
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1964:
1682:
790:
745:
365:
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Landfilling practices in the UK have had to change in recent years to meet the challenges of the
European
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1213:
928:
415:
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3154:
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by microbes. In a properly managed landfill, this gas is collected and used. Its uses range from simple
1590:
898:
740:
606:
518:
215:
1639:
1399:
Landfill operation in Hawaii. The area being filled is a single, well-defined "cell" and a protective
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1948:
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1232:
As the waste is placed in the landfill, the void spaces contain high volumes of molecular oxygen (O
775:
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685:
611:
538:
488:
483:
468:
125:
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100:
47:
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658:
581:
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528:
395:
185:
180:
90:
2303:
Municipal
Landfill, D. Vallero and G. Blight, pp. 235–249 in Waste: A Handbook for Management
2276:
1901:
which have built-in material recovery. This material recovery is possible through the use of
1834:: takes in household waste and nonhazardous material. Included in this type of landfill is a
3801:
3669:
3600:
3441:
3411:
3401:
3359:
3334:
3314:
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28:
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1221:, i.e. an interaction of different populations to provide each other's nutritional needs.:
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3431:
3426:
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3279:
3184:
3179:
3139:
1944:
1936:
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1854:: Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) landfills that are monitored in the United States by the
1622:
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703:
663:
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430:
370:
298:
235:
135:
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3214:
3102:
3035:
2610:"India's 'Mount Everest' of Trash Is Growing So Fast, It Needs Aircraft Warning Lights"
2046:
1867:
The status of a landfill's microbial community may determine its digestive efficiency.
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1570:
1558:
1412:
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1021:
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680:
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120:
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330:
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78:
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3209:
2096:
2008:
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1634:
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Landfill gases can seep out of the landfill and into the surrounding air and soil.
1470:
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1363:
873:
835:
820:
651:
616:
561:
280:
140:
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1280:(VFAs) in the leachate. The increased organic acid content decreases the leachate
3731:
3381:
3219:
3134:
3097:
2986:. 2nd Edition. Academic Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands and Boston MA, Print Book
2121:
2081:
2065:
2060:
2000:
1996:
1898:
1663:
1598:
1429:
1186:
1147:
1143:
1073:
795:
493:
473:
110:
3023:
A Compact Guide to Landfill Operation: Machinery, Management and Misconceptions
2852:
1288:(COD). Long-chain volatile organic acids (VOAs) are converted to acetic acid (C
3786:
3144:
3129:
2217:"Waste Management. Background information. General objectives of waste policy"
2022:
1952:
1918:
1902:
1569:
is not affected. Carbon dioxide traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to
1395:
1325:
1089:
845:
601:
105:
2365:
2305:. Amsterdam, Netherlands and Boston MA, Print Book: Elsevier Academic Press.
3766:
3319:
3058:
2954:
A Brief History of Solid Waste Management in the US During the Last 50 Years
2136:
1960:
1940:
1720:
1655:
1594:
1574:
1514:
On average, about half of the volumetric concentration of landfill gas is CH
1421:
1218:
1152:
913:
868:
830:
780:
715:
621:
85:
55:
3229:
1707:
1256:
is rapidly degraded by the existing microbial populations. The decreasing O
17:
2789:
3249:
3169:
2903:"Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999, on the landfill of waste"
2497:
1893:
1884:
One can treat landfills as a viable and abundant source of materials and
1732:
1618:
1449:
1433:
1404:
1209:
285:
2812:
2634:
3259:
2530:"Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks | ontario.ca"
2357:
2004:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1554:
1224:
The life cycle of a municipal landfill undergoes five distinct phases:
1121:
65:
3204:
3159:
2146:
2116:
1984:
1597:. The occurrence of such vectors can be mitigated through the use of
1316:
production by fermentative bacteria, which stimulates the growth of H
1077:
923:
903:
810:
800:
508:
1613:
A group of wild elephants interacting with a trash dump in Sri Lanka
1172:
1104:
27:
For the practice of filling a body of water to create new land, see
2929:"The Landfill Operation Management Advisor Web Based Expert System"
1943:
strategies, there are various alternatives to landfills, including
3199:
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2131:
1797:
1742:
1714:
1706:
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1638:
1608:
1544:
1394:
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1171:
1115:
1103:
1065:
933:
878:
270:
3012:
1748:
1539:
1374:
and oxidized species gradually reappearing in the gas wells as O
1205:), with rest of the waste remaining in solid and liquid phases.
908:
155:
150:
115:
3031:
2548:"Aging Landfills: Ontario's Forgotten Polluterswork=Eco Issues"
1770:
commonly seen in the Indian landfills over the last few years.
1407:
migrating downward through the underlying geological formation.
1378:
permeates downwardly from the troposphere. This transforms the
2714:"Disposal and Storage of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Waste"
2566:"CEWEP - The Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants"
1403:
is in place (exposed on the left) to prevent contamination by
2932:
2394:
2392:
1208:
During the early phases, little material volume reaches the
1870:
Bacteria that digest plastic have been found in landfills.
1281:
1411:
Landfills have the potential to cause a number of issues.
2512:"U.S. Landfills Are Getting a Second Life as Solar Farms"
1735:. Some former locations have been converted to parkland.
1354:
gas production. This is the longest decomposition phase.
3017:
1573:. In properly managed landfills, gas is collected and
1522:. The gas also contains about 5% molecular nitrogen (N
1792:
which is put into landfills. In addition to this the
1692:
is a repurposed used landfill that is converted to a
1589:
Poorly run landfills may become nuisances because of
1469:
Rotting food and other decaying organic waste create
1068:
materials. It is the oldest and most common form of
3709:
3678:
3588:
3440:
3237:
3073:
2434:"How does landfill and litter affect our wildlife?"
3717:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
2984:Environmental Biotechnology: A Biosystems Approach
2338:The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
1092:. Once full, the area over a landfill site may be
2956:. Archived from the original on November 23, 2005
2577:
2575:
1308:). High concentrations of VFAs increase both the
2948:H. Lanier Hickman Jr. and Richard W. Eldredge.
2827:"Commercial exploitation of gas from landfills"
2635:"Waste Management: A Half Century of Progress."
1370:production almost completely disappears, with O
1312:(BOD) and VOA concentrations, which initiates H
1892:often scavenge for still-usable materials. In
3043:
3013:US National Waste & Recycling Association
2718:United States Environmental Protection Agency
2071:Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance
1816:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1132:confine waste to as small an area as possible
1041:
8:
2698:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1913:and potassium filter, quench, HCl-washer, SO
1838:that specifically degrades organic material.
1358:Final maturation and stabilization (Phase V)
2301:Letcher, T.M.; Vallero, D.A., eds. (2019).
1650:Gases are produced in landfills due to the
3050:
3036:
3028:
2127:National Waste & Recycling Association
2102:List of solid waste treatment technologies
1931:List of solid waste treatment technologies
1366:phosphorus becomes increasingly scarce. CH
1120:Garbage dumped in the middle of a road in
1048:
1034:
938:
64:
42:
2788:
2296:
2294:
1236:). With added and compacted wastes, the O
3018:Solid Waste Association of North America
1593:such as rats and flies which can spread
38:Site for the disposal of waste materials
3747:High-level radioactive waste management
2673:EPA, OSWER, ORCR, US (March 24, 2016).
2208:
2164:
1788:. The UK now imposes landfill tax upon
1565:and the atmospheric concentration of CO
977:
941:
54:
2967:
2691:
1711:A landfill in Perth, Western Australia
1643:A gas flare produced by a landfill in
2409:"CO2 101: Why is carbon dioxide bad?"
1719:South East New Territories Landfill,
1625:, and reduced local property values.
1151:contents. After loads are deposited,
7:
3762:Sewage regulation and administration
2775:Gwyneth Dickey Zaikab (March 2011).
2633:Horinko, Marianne, Cathryn Courtin.
2550:. September 28, 2010. Archived from
2242:
2240:
1856:Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
1536:non-methane organic compounds (NMOC)
2853:"Regeringskansliets rättsdatabaser"
2675:"Basic Information about Landfills"
2637:EPA Alumni Association. March 2016.
276:Radium and radon in the environment
25:
2224:www.sustainabledevelopment.un.org
1794:Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme
1518:and slightly less than half is CO
1108:One of several landfills used by
3812:
3811:
3800:
3742:Extended producer responsibility
3228:
2777:"Marine microbes digest plastic"
2608:Cassella, Carly (June 5, 2019).
2039:
2025:
1549:Waste disposal in Athens, Greece
1015:
1003:
3300:Mechanical biological treatment
2950:"Part 3: The Sanitary Landfill"
2273:"Alternative Daily Cover (ADC)"
2112:Mechanical biological treatment
2015:plants may still be deposited.
2013:mechanical biological treatment
1957:mechanical biological treatment
1780:Landfills in the United Kingdom
1617:Other potential issues include
1534:S), and a low concentration of
1391:Social and environmental impact
1333:Methane fermentation (Phase IV)
96:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
1810:Landfills in the United States
1142:During landfill operations, a
1135:compact waste to reduce volume
1064:is a site for the disposal of
965:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
1:
2762:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.02.018
2742:Soil Biology and Biochemistry
2460:"Landfills are Ruining Lives"
1155:or bulldozers can spread and
436:Electrical resistance heating
2011:or the stabilized output of
1228:Initial adjustment (Phase I)
1168:Sanitary landfill life cycle
146:Persistent organic pollutant
3752:History of waste management
1888:. In the developing world,
1428:, such as contamination of
3880:
3340:fluorescent lamp recycling
2142:Recycling rates by country
1928:
1877:
1807:
1777:
1632:
1462:
1447:
1320:-oxidizing bacteria. The H
1272:Acid formation (Phase III)
1264:is rapidly displaced by CO
26:
3795:
3226:
2974:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2248:"How a Landfill Operates"
1664:generation of electricity
1310:biochemical oxygen demand
1191:environmental engineering
1176:Sanitary landfill diagram
691:War and environmental law
311:Health effects from noise
161:Volatile organic compound
33:Landfill (disambiguation)
3722:China's waste import ban
1660:landfill gas utilization
1579:landfill gas utilization
1088:of the ground during an
316:Marine mammals and sonar
3083:Agricultural wastewater
2252:www.co.cumberland.nc.us
1965:plasma arc gasification
791:Freshwater salinization
711:Agricultural wastewater
3807:Environment portal
3485:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3375:water recycling shower
2554:on September 28, 2010.
1751:
1747:The Rusko landfill in
1723:
1712:
1685:
1681:on a full landfill in
1647:
1614:
1550:
1408:
1286:chemical oxygen demand
1214:chemical oxygen demand
1177:
1125:
1113:
1010:Environment portal
31:. For other uses, see
3175:Municipal solid waste
3155:Industrial wastewater
2790:10.1038/news.2011.191
2486:Nature Climate Change
2413:Mother Nature Network
1832:Municipal solid waste
1746:
1718:
1710:
1677:
1642:
1612:
1548:
1418:wheel washing systems
1398:
1304:, and hydrogen gas (H
1268:in the effluent gas.
1248:Transition (Phase II)
1175:
1119:
1107:
751:Industrial wastewater
519:Municipal solid waste
441:Soil guideline values
3370:water heat recycling
3275:Garden waste dumping
2889:on February 22, 2015
2815:on December 8, 2009.
2805:"Sinologie Spectrum"
2654:on February 22, 2015
2498:10.1038/nclimate2804
2092:Landfill restoration
1975:Countries including
1874:Reclaiming materials
1440:may occur, as well.
1278:volatile fatty acids
960:Most polluted cities
612:Overhead power lines
70:A landfill in Poland
3737:Eco-industrial park
3325:appliance recycling
3245:Anaerobic digestion
3190:Post-consumer waste
3088:Biodegradable waste
2982:Daniel A. Vallero,
2935:on October 30, 2005
2857:rkrattsbaser.gov.se
2833:on October 24, 2011
2754:2011SBiBi..43.1275G
2589:. December 31, 2018
2350:1999IJLCA...4..195W
2056:Bioreactor landfill
1949:anaerobic digestion
1836:Bioreactor Landfill
1790:biodegradable waste
1652:anaerobic digestion
1595:infectious diseases
1471:decomposition gases
1459:Decomposition gases
1380:oxidation–reduction
776:Ocean acidification
686:Unexploded ordnance
607:Advertising clutter
539:Post-consumer waste
484:Foam food container
469:Biodegradable waste
126:Global distillation
3782:Waste minimisation
3727:Cleaner production
3392:Reusable packaging
3305:Mechanical sorting
3108:Construction waste
2883:"Modern landfills"
2648:"Modern landfills"
2440:. January 30, 2009
2358:10.1007/BF02979496
2087:Landfill diversion
2033:Environment portal
1786:Landfill Directive
1756:Landfill Directive
1752:
1724:
1713:
1686:
1648:
1615:
1551:
1438:soil contamination
1409:
1178:
1126:
1114:
1022:Ecology portal
647:Herbicidal warfare
191:Introduced species
131:Indoor air quality
101:Chlorofluorocarbon
3846:
3845:
3777:Waste legislation
3686:Sanitation worker
3660:London Convention
3596:Bamako Convention
3387:Resource recovery
3355:textile recycling
3350:plastic recycling
3330:battery recycling
3270:Ecological design
3195:Radioactive waste
2720:. August 19, 2015
1921:-grating, etc.).
1703:Regional practice
1645:Lake County, Ohio
1577:or recovered for
1387:-like compounds.
1201:) and methane (CH
1157:compact the waste
1086:soil liquefaction
1058:
1057:
993:
992:
659:Nuclear holocaust
582:Urban heat island
396:Radioactive waste
181:Biological hazard
91:Air quality index
16:(Redirected from
3871:
3864:Waste management
3815:
3814:
3805:
3804:
3670:OSPAR Convention
3601:Basel Convention
3412:Waste collection
3402:Sewage treatment
3360:timber recycling
3335:bottle recycling
3315:Reclaimed lumber
3310:Photodegradation
3232:
3150:Industrial waste
3118:Electronic waste
3113:Demolition waste
3093:Biomedical waste
3067:waste management
3052:
3045:
3038:
3029:
2979:
2973:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2931:. Archived from
2924:
2922:
2920:
2914:
2908:. Archived from
2907:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2885:. Archived from
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2829:. Archived from
2823:
2817:
2816:
2811:. Archived from
2809:www.chinalize.nl
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2748:(6): 1275–1284.
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2650:. Archived from
2644:
2638:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2464:www.cdenviro.com
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2275:. Archived from
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2244:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2221:
2213:
2196:
2171:Also known as a
2169:
2152:Waste management
2077:Land reclamation
2049:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2030:
2029:
1863:Microbial topics
1842:Industrial waste
1528:hydrogen sulfide
1526:), less than 1%
1096:for other uses.
1050:
1043:
1036:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1008:
1007:
939:
642:Chemical warfare
544:Waste management
504:Industrial waste
479:Electronic waste
464:Advertising mail
446:Phytoremediation
421:Land degradation
361:Depleted uranium
246:Overillumination
196:Invasive species
68:
58:
43:
29:Land reclamation
21:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3818:Category: Waste
3799:
3791:
3772:Waste hierarchy
3705:
3696:Waste collector
3674:
3665:Oslo Convention
3584:
3436:
3432:Waste-to-energy
3427:Waste treatment
3397:Right to repair
3295:Landfill mining
3280:Illegal dumping
3233:
3224:
3185:Packaging waste
3180:Open defecation
3140:Hazardous waste
3069:
3056:
3009:
2966:
2959:
2957:
2947:
2938:
2936:
2927:
2918:
2916:
2915:on July 5, 2010
2912:
2905:
2901:
2892:
2890:
2881:
2878:
2876:Further reading
2873:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2690:
2683:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2518:. June 2, 2022.
2510:
2509:
2505:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2279:on June 5, 2012
2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2021:
1973:
1945:waste-to-energy
1937:waste reduction
1935:In addition to
1933:
1927:
1916:
1882:
1880:Landfill mining
1876:
1865:
1848:Hazardous waste
1828:
1812:
1806:
1782:
1776:
1767:
1741:
1729:
1705:
1672:
1637:
1631:
1623:noise pollution
1607:
1605:Other nuisances
1587:
1568:
1533:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1473:, especially CO
1467:
1461:
1452:
1446:
1393:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1274:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1204:
1200:
1170:
1110:Dryden, Ontario
1102:
1054:
1016:
1014:
1002:
995:
994:
894:
886:
885:
859:
851:
850:
786:Pharmaceuticals
766:Nonpoint source
706:
696:
695:
664:Nuclear fallout
637:
627:
626:
597:
587:
586:
577:
567:
566:
557:
549:
548:
534:Packaging waste
499:Hazardous waste
459:
451:
450:
411:
401:
400:
371:Nuclear fallout
366:Nuclear fission
346:
336:
335:
301:
291:
290:
266:
258:
257:
231:
229:Electromagnetic
221:
220:
211:
203:
202:
176:
166:
165:
136:Ozone depletion
81:
71:
56:
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3877:
3875:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3851:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3809:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3691:Street sweeper
3688:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3618:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3575:United Kingdom
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3365:tire recycling
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3345:land recycling
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3255:Biodegradation
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3215:Surface runoff
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3103:Chemical waste
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3008:
3007:External links
3005:
3004:
3003:
2980:
2945:
2925:
2899:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2844:
2818:
2796:
2767:
2731:
2705:
2665:
2639:
2626:
2600:
2571:
2557:
2539:
2534:www.ontario.ca
2521:
2503:
2492:(2): 162–165.
2476:
2451:
2425:
2400:
2388:
2379:
2344:(4): 195–201.
2328:
2319:
2311:
2290:
2264:
2236:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:dumping ground
2163:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2047:Ecology portal
2036:
2020:
2017:
1972:
1969:
1947:incineration,
1926:
1923:
1914:
1907:electro filter
1878:Main article:
1875:
1872:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1845:
1839:
1827:
1824:
1808:Main article:
1805:
1802:
1778:Main article:
1775:
1774:United Kingdom
1772:
1766:
1763:
1740:
1739:European Union
1737:
1728:
1725:
1704:
1701:
1690:Solar landfill
1671:
1670:Solar landfill
1668:
1633:Main article:
1630:
1627:
1606:
1603:
1586:
1583:
1571:climate change
1566:
1559:greenhouse gas
1531:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1463:Main article:
1460:
1457:
1448:Main article:
1445:
1442:
1413:Infrastructure
1401:landfill liner
1392:
1389:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1321:
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1301:
1297:
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1233:
1229:
1226:
1202:
1198:
1169:
1166:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1101:
1098:
1070:waste disposal
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1012:
997:
996:
991:
990:
989:
988:
980:
979:
975:
974:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
955:Law by country
952:
944:
943:
937:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
895:
892:
891:
888:
887:
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883:
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881:
876:
866:
860:
857:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
826:Surface runoff
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
726:Eutrophication
723:
718:
713:
707:
702:
701:
698:
697:
694:
693:
688:
683:
681:Scorched earth
678:
677:
676:
674:Nuclear winter
671:
669:Nuclear famine
666:
656:
655:
654:
644:
638:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
598:
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592:
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588:
585:
584:
578:
573:
572:
569:
568:
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558:
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547:
546:
541:
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531:
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516:
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486:
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476:
471:
466:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
449:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
426:Bioremediation
423:
418:
412:
407:
406:
403:
402:
399:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
356:Bioremediation
353:
347:
342:
341:
338:
337:
334:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
306:Transportation
302:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
267:
264:
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
253:Radio spectrum
250:
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243:
232:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
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212:
209:
208:
205:
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177:
172:
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163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
121:Global dimming
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
82:
77:
76:
73:
72:
69:
61:
60:
52:
51:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3876:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3839:
3838:Organizations
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3810:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3757:Landfill fire
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
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3718:
3715:
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3708:
3702:
3699:
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3694:
3692:
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3687:
3684:
3683:
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3677:
3671:
3668:
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3661:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3606:EU directives
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3581:
3580:United States
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
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3551:
3548:
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3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:Waste sorting
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
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3376:
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3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
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3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
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3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
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3283:
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3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Marine debris
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3124:
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3120:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3039:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3001:
3000:9780124078970
2997:
2993:
2992:9780124077768
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2911:
2904:
2900:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2797:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2735:
2732:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2666:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2627:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2477:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2439:
2438:MY ZERO WASTE
2435:
2429:
2426:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2312:9780128150603
2308:
2304:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2283:September 14,
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2225:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2202:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2107:Marine debris
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2037:
2034:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1912:
1911:active-carbon
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1890:waste pickers
1887:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1804:United States
1803:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1781:
1773:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1750:
1749:Oulu, Finland
1745:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1538:, about 2700
1537:
1529:
1512:
1486:
1472:
1466:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:of the local
1423:
1419:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1365:
1357:
1355:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1311:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1269:
1247:
1245:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1206:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1001:
1000:
999:
998:
987:
984:
983:
982:
981:
976:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
947:
946:
945:
940:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
890:
889:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
855:
854:
847:
844:
842:
841:Water quality
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
705:
700:
699:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
660:
657:
653:
650:
649:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
636:
631:
630:
623:
620:
618:
617:Traffic signs
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
596:
591:
590:
583:
580:
579:
576:
571:
570:
563:
560:
559:
553:
552:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
524:Nanomaterials
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
455:
454:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
413:
410:
405:
404:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
386:Radioactivity
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
345:
340:
339:
332:
331:Soundproofing
329:
327:
326:Noise control
324:
322:
321:Noise barrier
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
300:
295:
294:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
262:
261:
254:
251:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
225:
224:
217:
214:
213:
207:
206:
197:
194:
193:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
175:
170:
169:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
83:
80:
75:
74:
67:
63:
62:
59:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
34:
30:
19:
3710:Other topics
3701:Waste picker
3628:incineration
3407:Urban mining
3289:
3285:Incineration
3265:Durable good
3210:Sharps waste
3170:Mining waste
2983:
2958:. Retrieved
2953:
2937:. Retrieved
2933:the original
2917:. Retrieved
2910:the original
2893:February 21,
2891:. Retrieved
2887:the original
2861:. Retrieved
2859:(in Swedish)
2856:
2847:
2837:November 28,
2835:. Retrieved
2831:the original
2821:
2813:the original
2808:
2799:
2780:
2770:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2708:
2682:. Retrieved
2678:
2668:
2658:February 21,
2656:. Retrieved
2652:the original
2642:
2629:
2619:February 21,
2617:. Retrieved
2614:ScienceAlert
2613:
2603:
2593:February 21,
2591:. Retrieved
2586:
2560:
2552:the original
2542:
2533:
2524:
2515:
2506:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2469:February 22,
2467:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2444:February 22,
2442:. Retrieved
2437:
2428:
2418:November 30,
2416:. Retrieved
2412:
2403:
2382:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2322:
2302:
2281:. Retrieved
2277:the original
2267:
2257:February 22,
2255:. Retrieved
2251:
2227:. Retrieved
2223:
2211:
2192:
2188:
2185:garbage dump
2184:
2181:rubbish dump
2180:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2097:Landfill tax
2073:(HELP) model
2009:incineration
1974:
1971:Restrictions
1934:
1925:Alternatives
1899:incinerators
1883:
1869:
1866:
1820:
1813:
1783:
1768:
1760:
1753:
1730:
1687:
1683:Rehoboth, MA
1679:Solar arrays
1649:
1635:Landfill gas
1629:Landfill gas
1616:
1588:
1563:carbon cycle
1552:
1513:
1487:
1468:
1465:Landfill gas
1453:
1410:
1364:bioavailable
1361:
1336:
1275:
1251:
1231:
1223:
1207:
1195:
1181:
1179:
1162:
1141:
1138:
1127:
1082:
1061:
1059:
929:Point source
874:Heavy metals
836:Urban runoff
821:Sulfur water
796:Septic tanks
652:Agent Orange
562:Space debris
416:Agricultural
281:Volcanic ash
141:Particulates
40:
3732:Downcycling
3679:Occupations
3648:waste water
3545:Switzerland
3535:South Korea
3525:New Zealand
3450:Afghanistan
3422:Waste trade
3382:Repurposing
3220:Toxic waste
3200:Scrap metal
3135:Green waste
3098:Brown waste
3075:Major types
2679:www.epa.gov
2122:Milorganite
2082:Landfarming
2066:Fly-tipping
2061:Daily cover
2001:Switzerland
1997:Netherlands
1694:solar array
1599:daily cover
1430:groundwater
1426:environment
1187:bioreactors
1148:weighbridge
899:Area source
741:Groundwater
494:Green waste
474:Brown waste
458:Solid waste
216:Information
111:Exhaust gas
18:Rubbish tip
3853:Categories
3787:Zero waste
3589:Agreements
3520:Kazakhstan
3475:Bangladesh
3260:Composting
3145:Heat waste
3130:Food waste
3123:by country
2960:August 29,
2939:August 29,
2919:August 29,
2317:804 pages.
2203:References
2189:trash dump
1953:composting
1929:See also:
1919:bottom ash
1894:commercial
1697:solar farm
1326:acidogenic
1153:compactors
1124:, Pakistan
1100:Operations
1090:earthquake
1074:archeology
986:By country
978:Categories
869:Pollutants
846:Wastewater
816:Stagnation
761:Monitoring
736:Freshwater
602:Air travel
489:Food waste
431:Defecation
241:Ecological
174:Biological
106:Combustion
46:Part of a
3767:Upcycling
3633:landfills
3623:framework
3616:Recycling
3611:batteries
3540:Sri Lanka
3500:Hong Kong
3465:Australia
3442:Countries
3320:Recycling
3238:Processes
3059:Biosolids
2684:March 14,
2374:108698198
2366:0948-3349
2137:Open dump
2005:fly ashes
1961:pyrolysis
1941:recycling
1917:-washer,
1852:PCB waste
1721:Hong Kong
1504:O → 13 CH
1422:Pollution
1405:leachates
1219:syntrophy
1180:The term
1094:reclaimed
914:Garbology
831:Turbidity
781:Oil spill
731:Firewater
716:Biosolids
622:Vandalism
381:Poisoning
376:Plutonium
351:Actinides
344:Radiation
86:Acid rain
57:Pollution
3859:Landfill
3828:Journals
3643:vehicles
3565:Thailand
3555:Tanzania
3290:Landfill
3250:Balefill
2994:; eBook
2970:cite web
2694:cite web
2019:See also
1733:leaching
1619:wildlife
1450:Leachate
1444:Leachate
1434:aquifers
1210:leachate
1182:landfill
1112:, Canada
1062:landfill
970:Treaties
950:Diseases
806:Shipping
771:Nutrient
721:Diseases
286:Wildfire
3495:Georgia
3470:Belgium
3460:Armenia
3455:Albania
3002:. 2015.
2750:Bibcode
2724:May 10,
2346:Bibcode
2229:May 10,
1993:Belgium
1989:Denmark
1981:Austria
1977:Germany
1903:filters
1858:(TSCA).
1818:(EPA).
1658:to the
1656:flaring
1591:vectors
1585:Vectors
1555:Methane
1508:+ 11 CO
1122:Karachi
1078:middens
864:History
746:Hypoxia
575:Thermal
529:Plastic
391:Uranium
265:Natural
210:Digital
186:Genetic
3816:
3570:Turkey
3560:Taiwan
3530:Russia
3510:Israel
3480:Brazil
3205:Sewage
3160:Litter
3065:, and
2998:
2990:
2863:May 9,
2781:Nature
2372:
2364:
2309:
2147:Sludge
2117:Midden
1999:, and
1995:, the
1985:Sweden
1886:energy
1727:Canada
1575:flared
1477:and CH
1350:and CO
1341:and CO
924:Midden
919:Legacy
904:Debris
858:Topics
811:Sludge
801:Sewage
756:Marine
595:Visual
514:Mining
509:Litter
48:series
3833:Lists
3823:Index
3550:Syria
3515:Japan
3505:India
3490:Egypt
3063:waste
2913:(PDF)
2906:(PDF)
2370:S2CID
2220:(PDF)
2191:, or
2159:Notes
2132:NIMBY
2007:from
1826:Types
1798:Wales
1765:India
1557:is a
1500:+ 6 H
1385:humic
1300:), CO
1252:The O
1144:scale
1066:waste
942:Lists
934:Waste
879:Paint
704:Water
556:Space
299:Noise
271:Ozone
236:Light
3653:WEEE
3638:RoHS
2996:ISBN
2988:ISBN
2976:link
2962:2005
2941:2005
2921:2005
2895:2015
2865:2019
2839:2009
2726:2017
2700:link
2686:2017
2660:2015
2621:2020
2595:2020
2587:NDTV
2516:TIME
2471:2020
2446:2020
2420:2016
2362:ISSN
2307:ISBN
2285:2012
2259:2020
2231:2024
2177:dump
1963:and
1939:and
1662:and
1540:ppmv
909:Dust
893:Misc
409:Soil
156:Soot
151:Smog
116:Haze
2785:doi
2758:doi
2494:doi
2354:doi
2173:tip
1850:or
1488:4 C
1436:or
1432:or
1193:).
1146:or
1080:).
1076:as
635:War
79:Air
3855::
3061:,
2972:}}
2968:{{
2952:.
2855:.
2807:.
2783:.
2779:.
2756:.
2746:43
2744:.
2716:.
2696:}}
2692:{{
2677:.
2612:.
2585:.
2574:^
2532:.
2514:.
2488:.
2462:.
2436:.
2411:.
2391:^
2368:.
2360:.
2352:.
2340:.
2293:^
2250:.
2239:^
2222:.
2187:,
2183:,
2179:,
2175:,
1991:,
1987:,
1983:,
1979:,
1959:,
1955:,
1951:,
1909:,
1758:.
1699:.
1688:A
1601:.
1581:.
1542:.
1530:(H
1494:10
1420:.
1346:CH
1282:pH
1244:.
1060:A
50:on
3051:e
3044:t
3037:v
2978:)
2964:.
2943:.
2923:.
2897:.
2867:.
2841:.
2793:.
2787::
2764:.
2760::
2752::
2728:.
2702:)
2688:.
2662:.
2623:.
2597:.
2568:.
2536:.
2500:.
2496::
2490:6
2473:.
2448:.
2422:.
2376:.
2356::
2348::
2342:4
2315:.
2287:.
2261:.
2233:.
2195:.
1915:2
1905:(
1567:2
1532:2
1524:2
1520:2
1516:4
1510:2
1506:4
1502:2
1498:4
1496:O
1492:H
1490:6
1483:2
1479:4
1475:2
1376:2
1372:2
1368:4
1352:2
1348:4
1343:2
1339:4
1322:2
1318:2
1314:2
1306:2
1302:2
1298:2
1296:O
1294:4
1292:H
1290:2
1266:2
1262:2
1258:2
1254:2
1242:2
1238:2
1234:2
1203:4
1199:2
1049:e
1042:t
1035:v
35:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
