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1303:(POLA) to the design of Ruby; in a May 2005 discussion on the newsgroup comp.lang.ruby, Matsumoto attempted to distance Ruby from POLA, explaining that because any design choice will be surprising to someone, he uses a personal standard in evaluating surprise. If that personal standard remains consistent, there would be few surprises for those familiar with the standard.
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1800:; however, accessor methods can also be created in the traditional fashion of C++ and Java. As invocation of these methods does not require the use of parentheses, it is trivial to change an instance variable into a full function, without modifying a single line of calling code or having to do any refactoring achieving similar functionality to
2106:(Rails) framework, because it is complex to implement and uses many Ruby-specific features. The point when a particular implementation achieves this goal is called "the Rails singularity". The reference implementation, JRuby, and Rubinius are all able to run Rails unmodified in a production environment.
1340:
and methods are always called on an object. Methods defined at the top level scope become methods of the Object class. Since this class is an ancestor of every other class, such methods can be called on any object. They are also visible in all scopes, effectively serving as "global" procedures. Ruby
1294:
Often people, especially computer engineers, focus on the machines. They think, "By doing this, the machine will run fast. By doing this, the machine will run more effectively. By doing this, the machine will something something something." They are focusing on machines. But in fact we need to focus
1811:
Python's property descriptors are similar, but come with a trade-off in the development process. If one begins in Python by using a publicly exposed instance variable, and later changes the implementation to use a private instance variable exposed through a property descriptor, code internal to the
1310:
Everyone has an individual background. Someone may come from Python, someone else may come from Perl, and they may be surprised by different aspects of the language. Then they come up to me and say, 'I was surprised by this feature of the language, so Ruby violates the principle of least surprise.'
1253:
attacks, and configurable timeouts for regular expression matching. Additional debugging and syntax features are also included in this release, which include syntax suggestion, as well as error highlighting. The MJIT compiler has been re-implemented as a standard library module, while the YJIT, a
1189:
Day in 2020. It is known as Ruby 3x3 which means that programs would run three times faster in Ruby 3.0 comparing to Ruby 2.0. and some had already implemented in intermediate releases on the road from 2 to 3. To achieve 3x3, Ruby 3 comes with MJIT, and later YJIT, Just-In-Time
Compilers, to make
2548:
The Swift language is the product of tireless effort from a team of language experts, documentation gurus, compiler optimization ninjas, and an incredibly important internal dogfooding group who provided feedback to help refine and battle-test ideas. Of course, it also greatly benefited from the
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design. At a Google Tech Talk in 2008 he said, "I hope to see Ruby help every programmer in the world to be productive, and to enjoy programming, and to be happy. That is the primary purpose of Ruby language." He stresses that systems design needs to emphasize human, rather than computer, needs:
573:
then. But I didn't like it, because I didn't think it was a true object-oriented language – OO features appeared to be add-on to the language. As a language maniac and OO fan for 15 years, I really wanted a genuine object-oriented, easy-to-use scripting language. I looked for but
926:
Ruby 2.2.0 includes speed-ups, bugfixes, and library updates and removes some deprecated APIs. Most notably, Ruby 2.2.0 introduces changes to memory handling – an incremental garbage collector, support for garbage collection of symbols and the option to compile directly against
753:
Effective with Ruby 1.9.3, released
October 31, 2011, Ruby switched from being dual-licensed under the Ruby License and the GPL to being dual-licensed under the Ruby License and the two-clause BSD license. Adoption of 1.9 was slowed by changes from 1.8 that required many popular third party
1265:
Ruby 3.3 was released on
December 25, 2023. Ruby 3.3 introduces significant enhancements and performance improvements to the language. Key features include the introduction of the Prism parser for portable and maintainable parsing, the addition of the pure-Ruby JIT compiler RJIT, and major
1315:
surprise. And it means the principle of least surprise after you learn Ruby very well. For example, I was a C++ programmer before I started designing Ruby. I programmed in C++ exclusively for two or three years. And after two years of C++ programming, it still surprises me.
947:
Ruby 2.3.0 includes many performance improvements, updates, and bugfixes including changes to Proc#call, Socket and IO use of exception keywords, Thread#name handling, default passive Net::FTP connections, and Rake being removed from stdlib. Other notable changes include:
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performance boosts in the YJIT compiler. Additionally, improvements in memory usage, the introduction of an M:N thread scheduler, and updates to the standard library contribute to a more efficient and developer-friendly Ruby ecosystem.
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Ruby 2.0 was intended to be fully backward compatible with Ruby 1.9.3. As of the official 2.0.0 release on
February 24, 2013, there were only five known (minor) incompatibilities. Ruby 2.0 added several new features, including:
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methods. This is in keeping with the idea that in Ruby, one never directly accesses the internal members of a class from outside the class; rather, one passes a message to the class and receives a response.
711:
Ruby 1.8 was initially released August 2003, was stable for a long time, and was retired June 2013. Although deprecated, there is still code based on it. Ruby 1.8 is only partially compatible with Ruby 1.9.
589:
The name "Ruby" originated during an online chat session between
Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka on February 24, 1993, before any code had been written for the language. Initially two names were proposed:
943:
was improved. Features that were made obsolete or removed include callcc, the DL library, Digest::HMAC, lib/rational.rb, lib/complex.rb, GServer, Logger::Application as well as various C API functions.
715:
Ruby 1.8 has been the subject of several industry standards. The language specifications for Ruby were developed by the Open
Standards Promotion Center of the Information-Technology Promotion Agency (a
2134:. Modern Ruby versions and implementations are available on all major desktop, mobile and server-based operating systems. Ruby is also supported across a number of cloud hosting platforms like
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and two more utilities Fibre
Scheduler, and experimental Ractor facilitate the goal. Ractor is light-weight and thread-safe as it is achieved by exchanging messages rather than shared objects.
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1812:
class may need to be adjusted to use the private variable rather than the public property. Ruby's design forces all instance variables to be private, but also provides a simple way to declare
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Matsumoto has said his primary design goal was to make a language that he himself enjoyed using, by minimizing programmer work and possible confusion. He has said that he had not applied the
1765:. Class and method definitions are signaled by keywords, whereas code blocks can be defined by either keywords or braces. In contrast to Perl, variables are not obligatorily prefixed with a
565:
I was talking with my colleague about the possibility of an object-oriented scripting language. I knew Perl (Perl4, not Perl5), but I didn't like it really, because it had the smell of a
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On top of that come a lot of performance improvements like faster block passing (3 times faster), faster
Mutexes, faster ERB templates and improvements on some concatenation methods.
2194:
The Ruby
Application Archive, which hosted applications, documentation, and libraries for Ruby programming, was maintained until 2013, when its function was transferred to RubyGems.
1372:: it allows procedural programming (defining functions/variables outside classes makes them part of the root, 'self' Object), with object orientation (everything is an object) or
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is Ruby's package manager. A Ruby package is called a "gem" and can be installed via the command line. Most gems are libraries, though a few exist that are applications, such as
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One of the differences from Python and Perl is that Ruby keeps all of its instance variables completely private to the class and only exposes them through accessor methods (
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A few notable changes in Ruby 2.7.0 include pattern
Matching (experimental), REPL improvements, a compaction GC, and separation of positional and keyword arguments.
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experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.
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was printed, which was later freely released to the public, further widening the adoption of Ruby amongst English speakers. In early 2002, the English-language
686:(オブジェクト指向スクリプト言語 Ruby), which was published in Japan in October 1999. It would be followed in the early 2000s by around 20 books on Ruby published in Japanese.
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In 1997, the first article about Ruby was published on the Web. In the same year, Matsumoto was hired by netlab.jp to work on Ruby as a full-time developer.
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1777:. Line breaks are significant and taken as the end of a statement; a semicolon may be equivalently used. Unlike Python, indentation is not significant.
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began, which signaled a growing interest in the language outside Japan. In this same year, Matsumoto and Keiju Ishitsuka wrote the first book on Ruby,
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to compile to machine code at runtime. The bytecode compiler and most core classes are written in pure Ruby. Rubinius currently targets Ruby 2.3.1.
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Ruby 2.4.0 includes performance improvements to hash table, Array#max, Array#min, and instance variable access. Other notable changes include:
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on humans, on how humans care about doing programming or operating the application of the machines. We are the masters. They are the slaves.
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on December 21, 1995. Subsequently, three more versions of Ruby were released in two days. The release coincided with the launch of the
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728:(ISO). It was accepted as a Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS X 3017) in 2011 and an international standard (ISO/IEC 30170) in 2012.
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598:". Matsumoto chose the latter in a later e-mail to Ishitsuka. Matsumoto later noted a factor in choosing the name "Ruby"–it was the
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In Ruby's syntax, statement is just a special case of an expression that cannot appear as an argument (e.g. multiple assignment).
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1324:: every value is an object, including classes and instances of types that many other languages designate as primitives (such as
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1769:. When used, the sigil changes the semantics of scope of the variable. For practical purposes there is no distinction between
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1878:("Yet Another Ruby VM"), and this implementation has superseded the slower virtual machine used in previous releases of MRI.
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programs faster, although they are described as experimental and remain disabled by default (enabled by flags at runtime).
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Wait. Wait. The principle of least surprise is not for you only. The principle of least surprise means principle of least
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In 1998, the Ruby Application Archive was launched by Matsumoto, along with a simple English-language homepage for Ruby.
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Ruby 3.1 was released on December 25, 2021. It includes YJIT, a new, experimental, Just-In-Time Compiler developed by
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2012:. It can be used for a large speedup over e.g. Ruby or JRuby implementations (may only be useful for numerical code).
1332:"). Because everything in Ruby is an object, everything in Ruby has certain built-in abilities called methods. Every
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Already present at this stage of development were many of the features familiar in later releases of Ruby, including
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is also included. There are some syntax enhancements and other improvements in this release. Network libraries for
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Matsumoto has said that Ruby is designed for programmer productivity and fun, following the principles of good
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gem is now bundled by default and required on startup to automatically suggest similar name matches on a
467:. It was designed with an emphasis on programming productivity and simplicity. In Ruby, everything is an
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By 2000, Ruby was more popular than Python in Japan. In September 2000, the first English language book
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2654:"[FYI: historic] The decisive moment of the language name Ruby. (Re: [ANN] ruby 1.8.1)"
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Starting with Ruby 1.9, and continuing with Ruby 2.x and above, the official Ruby interpreter has been
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Interactive Ruby Shell, an interactive command-line interpreter that can be used to test code quickly (
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which will match all negative examples of a given regular expression in addition to other new features.
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After the release of Ruby 0.95 in 1995, several stable versions of Ruby were released in these years:
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to be rewritten. Ruby 1.9 introduces many significant changes over the 1.8 series. Examples include:
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1388:; statements all have values, and functions return the last evaluation). It has support for
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as frozen by default with a consequently large performance increase in string operations.
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Ruby 3.2 was released on December 25, 2022. It brings support for being run inside of a
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2310:. Beginning from Novice to Professional (2nd ed.). Berkeley: APress. p. 101.
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language at its core, with an object system like that of Smalltalk, blocks inspired by
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The maturity of Ruby implementations tends to be measured by their ability to run the
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3949:"remove/virtual_module: Born to make your Ruby Code more than 3x faster. Hopefully"
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It draws primarily on features from Perl, Smalltalk, Python, Lisp, Dylan, and CLU.
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To a lesser extent, Python, LISP, Eiffel, Ada, and C++ have also influenced Ruby.
1930:, a Java implementation using the Truffle language implementation framework with
1886:
As of 2018, there are a number of alternative implementations of Ruby, including
959:
Hash comparison to allow direct checking of key/value pairs instead of just keys.
750:
written in Ruby. Rails is frequently credited with increasing awareness of Ruby.
703:, demonstrating Ruby's increasing popularity in the non-Japanese speaking world.
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Thread deadlock detection now shows threads with their backtrace and dependency
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2005:
1976:, an implementation designed to be embedded into C code, in a similar vein to
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A new method, Regexp#match?, which is a faster boolean version of Regexp#match
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There are some syntax enhancements and library changes in Ruby 3.0 as well.
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Ruby 3.0 introduces RBS language to describe the types of Ruby programs for
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Starting with 2.1.0, Ruby's versioning policy changed to be more similar to
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statement can not be part of expression unless grouped within parentheses.
3811:
3729:
3265:
Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi (2014).
3224:
Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi (2014).
3183:
Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi (2015).
3142:
Gustavo Frederico Temple Pedrosa, Vitor de Lima, Leonardo Bianconi (2015).
1998:
series of software for game design and modification of the RPG Maker engine
1852:
or MRI. This implementation is written in C and uses its own Ruby-specific
569:(it still has). The object-oriented language seemed very promising. I knew
3463:"Ruby 3x3: Matz, Koichi, and Tenderlove on the future of Ruby Performance"
3266:
2953:
1788:, etc.). Unlike the "getter" and "setter" methods of other languages like
557:
Matsumoto has said that Ruby was conceived in 1993. In a 1999 post to the
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Practical JRuby on Rails Web 2.0 Projects: Bringing Ruby on Rails to Java
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1796:, accessor methods in Ruby can be created with a single line of code via
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The first public release of Ruby 0.95 was announced on Japanese domestic
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1214:, to enhance the performance of real world business applications. A new
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mailing list, he describes some of his early ideas about the language:
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rather than being defined on the class). Though Ruby does not support
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3953:
3756:"Language Workbenches: The Killer-App for Domain Specific Languages?"
3226:"Specifying non volatile registers for increase performance in ppc64"
2180:
2139:
1898:. Each takes a different approach, with JRuby and Rubinius providing
1805:
621:
mailing list, which was the first mailing list for the new language.
699:
mailing list was receiving more messages than the Japanese-language
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Around 2005, interest in the Ruby language surged in tandem with
7653:
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6720:
6331:
5120:
4720:
4509:
4430:
4287:
Programming Ruby 1.9 & 2.0: The Pragmatic Programmers' Guide
4060:
4035:"lang-ruby-general: Re: question about Ruby initial development"
1987:
1944:
1875:
1758:
1731:
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1416:
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595:
511:
363:
302:
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4455:
2902:"IPA 独立行政法人 情報処理推進機構：プレス発表 プログラム言語RubyのJIS規格（JIS X 3017）制定について"
1353:
and singleton methods (belonging to, and defined for, a single
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5155:
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4358:
2438:
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578:
Matsumoto describes the design of Ruby as being like a simple
25:
4085:
4170:
Practical Object-Oriented Design: An Agile Primer Using Ruby
1166:
A few notable changes in Ruby 2.6.0 include an experimental
915:
A new convention of using #to_h to convert objects to Hashes
4437:
3676:"The Ruby Language FAQ: How Does Ruby Stack Up Against...?"
2656:(E-mail from Hiroshi Sugihara to ruby-talk). Archived from
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2532:
4252:
The Ruby Way: Solutions and Techniques in Ruby Programming
927:
jemalloc. It also contains experimental support for using
4329:
Flanagan, David; Matsumoto, Yukihiro (January 25, 2008),
3650:. 4 July 2017. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017.
2795:"[ruby-list:124] TUTORIAL — ruby's features"
931:(2) with system() and spawn(), and added support for the
2987:. Devarticles.com (2007-03-22). Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
2173:
2130:. By 1999, Ruby was known to work across many different
1107:
Binding#irb: Start a REPL session similar to binding.pry
498:. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including
4285:
Thomas, Dave; Fowler, Chad; Hunt, Andy (July 7, 2013),
46:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
4225:
Carlson, Lucas; Richardson, Leonard (April 3, 2015),
3893:"[ruby-talk:01120] Re: The value of while..."
2271:
2269:
1245:
also receives some improvements, including a faster,
1125:
String supports Unicode case mappings, not just ASCII
5290:
Comparison of open-source and closed-source software
4228:
Ruby Cookbook: Recipes for Object-Oriented Scripting
3267:"Specifying MACRO for increase performance in ppc64"
2077:, an implementation optimized to handle large-scale
1415:
According to the Ruby FAQ, the syntax is similar to
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7001:
5950:
5796:
5730:
5658:
5528:
5505:
5467:
5343:
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4830:
4799:
4759:
4696:
4613:
4585:
4533:
4498:
4489:
3921:"[ruby-talk:02460] Re: Precedence question"
3066:. slideshow.rubyforge.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
3034:. ruby-lang.org. September 17, 2011. Archived from
2870:
2868:
2179:Many new and existing Ruby libraries are hosted on
1262:compiler now supports more architectures on Linux.
1038:
1037:to easily extract deeply nested values (e.g. given
970:
828:
777:
510:. According to the creator, Ruby was influenced by
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273:
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239:
229:
219:
199:
167:
145:
135:
123:
95:
41:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
3982:"The Why, What, and How of Rubinius 1.0's Release"
1909:Ruby has three major alternative implementations:
4307:McAnally, Jeremy; Arkin, Assaf (March 28, 2009),
2928:"IPA 独立行政法人 情報処理推進機構：プレス発表 プログラム言語Ruby、国際規格として承認"
1757:The syntax of Ruby is broadly similar to that of
1423:, but the design philosophy differs greatly from
678:In 1999, the first English language mailing list
4008:"IBM developerWorks – Ruby: a new language"
3660:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2027:, a web-based interpreter that compiles Ruby to
936:
2769:"[ruby-talk:00382] Re: history of ruby"
2743:"More archeolinguistics: unearthing proto-Ruby"
1308:
1306:Matsumoto defined it this way in an interview:
1292:
755:
563:
3117:"Semantic Versioning starting with Ruby 2.1.0"
1694:Large standard library, including modules for
1249:matching algorithm to protect against certain
1204:. It is separated from general Ruby programs.
726:International Organization for Standardization
5906:
5255:
4923:
4467:
2172:. There are over 100,000 Ruby gems hosted on
2034:Other now defunct Ruby implementations were:
1234:are moved from default gems to bundled gems.
827:literal syntax using colons for symbol keys:
8:
5295:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities
4145:Black, David; Leo, Joseph (March 15, 2019),
4086:"Stats RubyGems.org your community gem host"
3291:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3250:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3209:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3168:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1482:Succinct and flexible syntax that minimizes
1135:A few notable changes in Ruby 2.5.0 include
969:that can ease nil handling (e.g. instead of
81:
4205:Beginning Ruby: From Novice to Professional
3868:"Ruby 2.0.0 Standard Library Documentation"
2332:
2330:
2308:Beginning Ruby: From Novice to Professional
2114:Matsumoto originally developed Ruby on the
1143:statements automatically use a surrounding
905:A new literal to create an array of symbols
765:variables (variables that are local to the
684:The Object-oriented Scripting Language Ruby
586:, and practical utility like that of Perl.
574:couldn't find one. So I decided to make it.
8285:Programming languages with an ISO standard
5913:
5899:
5891:
5655:
5262:
5248:
5240:
5196:
4930:
4916:
4908:
4495:
4474:
4460:
4452:
4249:Fulton, Hal; Arko, André (March 2, 2015),
3786:"Ruby – Add class methods at runtime"
3307:"ruby/NEWS at v2_2_0 · ruby/ruby · GitHub"
175:
80:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3106:. Ruby-lang.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
3086:. Ruby-lang.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
2301:
2299:
2297:
1920:and Ruby implementation that runs on the
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
53:, without removing the technical details.
935:7.0 specification. Since version 2.2.1,
8250:Dynamically typed programming languages
3703:"An Interview with the Creator of Ruby"
2821:"An Interview with the Creator of Ruby"
2412:"Julia 1.0 Documentation: Introduction"
2265:
2049:runtime. Its iOS counterpart is called
1685:Centralized package management through
1193:Another goal of Ruby 3.0 is to improve
1091:profile.dig(:social, :wikipedia, :name)
722:Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
475:. It was developed in the mid-1990s by
4273:from the original on February 13, 2020
4191:from the original on February 13, 2020
3653:
3461:Scheffler, Jonan (November 10, 2016).
3284:
3273:from the original on 17 September 2016
3243:
3232:from the original on 17 September 2016
3202:
3161:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
1859:The standardized and retired Ruby 1.8
8280:Programming languages created in 1995
8275:Object-oriented programming languages
4381:from the original on January 13, 2020
4096:from the original on 10 December 2021
3736:from the original on 5 September 2015
3503:from the original on 25 December 2021
3373:. dev.mensfeld.pl. 14 November 2015.
3004:from the original on January 14, 2013
2853:from the original on 25 December 2018
2483:from the original on 25 December 2018
1980:. It is currently being developed by
1924:. JRuby currently targets Ruby 3.1.x.
51:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
8270:Multi-paradigm programming languages
5818:Microsoft Open Specification Promise
4890:
4393:Fitzgerald, Michael (May 14, 2007),
3579:from the original on 18 January 2020
2212:Free and open-source software portal
2122:3.x, but later migrated his work to
2064:Cardinal, an implementation for the
1951:Other Ruby implementations include:
1419:'s and the semantics are similar to
465:general-purpose programming language
16:General-purpose programming language
8300:Text-oriented programming languages
5285:Alternative terms for free software
3377:from the original on 5 January 2016
3317:from the original on 1 January 2015
3119:. December 21, 2013. Archived from
3000:. ruby-lang.org. October 31, 2011.
2845:Yukihiro Matsumoto (October 2000).
2568:from the original on 9 October 2014
2234:Comparison of programming languages
2018:, a Ruby implementation written in
1994:implementation that is used by the
1990:, or Ruby Game Scripting System, a
1943:bytecode virtual machine that uses
1370:multi-paradigm programming language
5625:Python Software Foundation License
4360:Ruby by Example: Concepts and Code
4033:Yukihiro Matsumoto (August 2002).
3818:from the original on 18 April 2015
3701:Bruce Stewart (29 November 2001).
3337:"Ruby/NEWS at v.2_3_0 - ruby/ruby"
1691:Implemented on all major platforms
1631:Custom dispatch behavior (through
1241:environment via a WASI interface.
14:
8235:Class-based programming languages
5688:Definition of Free Cultural Works
5305:Free software project directories
4041:from the original on 3 March 2014
3961:from the original on 1 March 2017
3599:Google Tech Talks – Ruby 1.9
3473:from the original on May 10, 2019
3367:"Ruby 2.3.0 changes and features"
3347:from the original on 1 March 2017
2689:from the original on May 28, 2012
2503:"Influences - The Rust Reference"
1831:Ruby MRI § Operating systems
8204:
8203:
5875:
5874:
5864:
5325:Open-source software development
5224:
5223:
5195:
4889:
4878:
4877:
4576:
3730:"Dynamic Productivity with Ruby"
3628:from the original on 5 July 2019
3150:from the original on 16 May 2016
2882:from the original on 6 June 2015
2218:
2204:
1839:
436:
87:
30:
8305:Free compilers and interpreters
5683:Debian Free Software Guidelines
5515:Free Software Movement of India
4203:Cooper, Peter (July 12, 2016),
4167:Metz, Sandi (August 22, 2018),
4122:from the original on 2015-12-31
4067:from the original on 2015-04-03
3988:from the original on 2010-05-24
3874:from the original on 2013-11-13
3848:from the original on 2022-06-28
3792:from the original on 2007-09-22
3766:from the original on 2 May 2021
3709:from the original on 6 May 2015
3682:from the original on 8 May 2015
3648:"Welcome to RUBYWEEKLYNEWS.ORG"
3573:"The Ruby Programming Language"
3554:from the original on 2022-12-25
3529:from the original on 2021-12-26
3443:from the original on 2020-12-25
3407:from the original on 2017-02-17
2960:from the original on 2017-03-12
2827:from the original on 2008-02-08
2635:from the original on 2011-07-14
2539:from the original on 2018-12-25
2513:from the original on 2019-01-26
2449:from the original on 2018-12-25
2445:. Neon Design Technology, Inc.
2283:from the original on 2023-12-25
1553:Four levels of variable scope (
1486:and serves as a foundation for
1301:principle of least astonishment
8295:Software using the BSD license
4844:why's (poignant) Guide to Ruby
2978:Web Development: Ruby on Rails
2719:(Mailing list). Archived from
2344:. Confreaks TV. Archived from
2249:Crystal (programming language)
2244:Why's (poignant) Guide to Ruby
1627:arbitrary-precision arithmetic
1151:blocks), method-chaining with
720:agency) for submission to the
1:
8255:Free software programmed in C
8240:Dynamic programming languages
5673:Contributor License Agreement
5487:Open-source-software movement
5271:Free and open-source software
4357:Baird, Kevin (June 8, 2007),
4332:The Ruby Programming Language
4116:"We retire raa.ruby-lang.org"
4006:Maya Stodte (February 2000).
3812:"Blocks and Closures in Ruby"
2531:Lattner, Chris (2014-06-03).
2467:Ring Team (3 December 2017).
1471:) and everything is executed
1368:Ruby has been described as a
5844:The Cathedral and the Bazaar
5698:The Free Software Definition
3095:Endoh, Yusuke. (2013-02-24)
3075:Endoh, Yusuke. (2013-02-24)
2383:. Berkeley: APress. p.
1962:implementation that runs on
39:This article's lead section
8230:Ruby (programming language)
5748:Mozilla software rebranding
5713:Permissive software license
4257:Addison-Wesley Professional
4175:Addison-Wesley Professional
3980:Peter Cooper (2010-05-18).
2998:"Ruby 1.9.3 p0 is released"
2847:"Programming Ruby: Forward"
2226:Computer programming portal
1882:Alternative implementations
1541:Embedding code in strings (
1185:Ruby 3.0.0 was released on
1147:block (less need for extra
769:in which they are declared)
659:Ruby 1.0: December 25, 1996
151:; 29 years ago
8321:
5753:Proprietary device drivers
5703:The Open Source Definition
2679:"1.3 Why the name 'Ruby'?"
2592:"Re: Ruby's lisp features"
2533:"Chris Lattner's Homepage"
2469:"Ring and other languages"
2161:Repositories and libraries
1828:
1750:
1172:RubyVM::AbstractSyntaxTree
602:of one of his colleagues.
545:
225:Lexical, sometimes dynamic
141:Yukihiro Matsumoto, et al.
18:
8199:
5932:
5860:
5838:Source-available software
5738:Digital rights management
5191:
4968:
4945:
4873:
4574:
4483:Ruby programming language
4147:The Well-Grounded Rubyist
3437:Ruby Programming Language
3097:Ruby 2.0.0-p0 is released
3077:Ruby 2.0.0-p0 is released
2097:Ruby programming language
2058:an implementation on the
1904:ahead-of-time compilation
1902:and mruby also providing
1582:First-class continuations
1500:of objects to facilitate
1488:domain-specific languages
477:Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto
433:
382:
329:
293:
195:
163:
86:
5833:Shared Source Initiative
5630:Shared Source Initiative
5583:Free Software Foundation
5520:Free Software Foundation
5370:Configuration management
4812:David Heinemeier Hansson
3622:"The Philosophy of Ruby"
3057:Ruby 1.9: What to Expect
2183:, a service that offers
1900:just-in-time compilation
1848:is often referred to as
1741:Just-in-time compilation
1400:, and interpreter-based
1270:Semantics and philosophy
1089:can now be retrieved by
1010:if obj&.foo&.bar
964:safe navigation operator
952:The ability to mark all
668:Ruby 1.6: September 2000
496:just-in-time compilation
19:Not to be confused with
5768:SCO/Linux controversies
2713:"Re: the name of Ruby?"
2187:repository hosting for
2071:Ruby Enterprise Edition
2008:(partial) from Ruby to
1850:Matz's Ruby Interpreter
1840:Matz's Ruby interpreter
1410:parametric polymorphism
724:(JISC) and then to the
662:Ruby 1.2: December 1998
230:Implementation language
5668:Comparison of licenses
5477:Free software movement
4633:Interactive Ruby Shell
2876:"We retire Ruby 1.8.7"
2306:Cooper, Peter (2009).
2095:implementation of the
2066:Parrot virtual machine
2045:implementation on the
1835:List of Ruby compilers
1394:reflective programming
1374:functional programming
1318:
1297:
1282:
739:
584:higher-order functions
576:
508:functional programming
5743:License proliferation
4939:Programming languages
3548:"Ruby 3.2.0 Released"
3523:"Ruby 3.1.0 Released"
3493:"Ruby 3.1.0 Released"
3433:"Ruby 3.0.0 Released"
3397:"Ruby 2.4.0 Released"
3144:"Ruby 2.2.1 Released"
2683:The Ruby Language FAQ
2338:"Reasons behind Ruby"
2277:"Ruby 3.3.0 Released"
2144:Google Cloud Platform
2073:, often shortened to
1617:Built-in support for
1590:rules (everything is
1523:Literal notation for
1361:, classes can import
1281:, the creator of Ruby
1277:
1168:just-in-time compiler
734:
665:Ruby 1.4: August 1999
180:/ 3 September 2024
8245:Functional languages
5828:Open-source hardware
5763:Proprietary software
5758:Proprietary firmware
5459:Formerly open-source
5454:Formerly proprietary
5320:Open-source software
4782:(mod_rails/mod_rack)
4313:Manning Publications
4151:Manning Publications
3957:. 21 February 2020.
3123:on February 13, 2014
2954:"ISO/IEC 30170:2012"
2723:on December 25, 2018
2590:(13 February 2006).
2342:Ruby Conference 2008
2126:4.x, and finally to
1922:Java virtual machine
1869:interpreted language
1613:Operator overloading
1359:multiple inheritance
473:primitive data types
182:; 9 days ago
8290:Scripting languages
8265:Japanese inventions
5708:Open-source license
5310:Gratis versus libre
4817:why the lucky stiff
4291:Pragmatic Bookshelf
4289:(Fourth ed.),
4231:(Second ed.),
4173:(Second ed.),
3191:on 26 February 2017
3038:on November 6, 2015
2588:Matsumoto, Yukihiro
1867:, as a single-pass
1663:character encodings
1573:or the lack thereof
1533:regular expressions
1378:anonymous functions
1243:Regular expressions
1161:Hash#transform_keys
921:semantic versioning
902:, to extend a class
867:character encodings
718:Japanese government
265:Filename extensions
146:First appeared
83:
5926:by standard number
4807:Yukihiro Matsumoto
4438:Ruby documentation
4399:(First ed.),
4363:(First ed.),
4335:(First ed.),
4311:(First ed.),
4255:(Third ed.),
4207:(Third ed.),
4149:(Third ed.),
4061:"The Ruby Toolbox"
4014:on August 18, 2000
3705:. O'Reilly Media.
3185:"v2.2.1 ChangeLog"
3102:2016-01-17 at the
3082:2013-02-27 at the
3062:2016-03-04 at the
2983:2009-02-24 at the
2934:on 1 February 2015
2908:on 2 February 2015
2749:on 6 November 2015
2709:Yukihiro Matsumoto
2507:The Rust Reference
2377:Bini, Ola (2007).
1982:Yukihiro Matsumoto
1844:The original Ruby
1808:property members.
1650:(fibers are a 1.9/
1608:Exception handling
1577:Garbage collection
1283:
1279:Yukihiro Matsumoto
740:
650:garbage collection
646:exception handling
632:with inheritance,
492:garbage collection
130:Yukihiro Matsumoto
8217:
8216:
5940:ISO romanizations
5888:
5887:
5788:Trusted Computing
5778:Software security
5726:
5725:
5407:Operating systems
5315:Long-term support
5237:
5236:
5219:Non-English-based
4905:
4904:
4780:Phusion Passenger
4572:
4571:
4414:978-0-596-52986-4
4350:978-0-596-51617-8
4266:978-0-321-71463-3
4184:978-0-13-445647-8
3842:Official Ruby FAQ
3401:www.ruby-lang.org
3371:Running with Ruby
3032:source repository
2711:(June 11, 1999).
2629:"History of Ruby"
2535:. Chris Lattner.
2418:on 16 August 2018
2394:978-1-59059-881-8
2317:978-1-4302-2363-4
2132:operating systems
1549:Default arguments
1463:Everything is an
1328:, booleans, and "
1073:'Foo Baz'
895:keyword arguments
857:"value"
839:"value"
616:Japanese-language
488:dynamically typed
450:
449:
201:Typing discipline
79:
78:
71:
8312:
8207:
8206:
5927:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5892:
5878:
5877:
5868:
5773:Software patents
5656:
5568:Creative Commons
5427:Web applications
5264:
5257:
5250:
5241:
5227:
5226:
5199:
5198:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4909:
4893:
4892:
4881:
4880:
4580:
4496:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4453:
4434:
4433:
4431:Official website
4417:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4353:
4325:
4309:Ruby in Practice
4303:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4245:
4221:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4163:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4010:. Archived from
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3932:
3923:. Archived from
3917:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3904:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3760:martinfowler.com
3752:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3698:
3692:
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3672:
3666:
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3659:
3651:
3644:
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3606:
3600:
3595:
3589:
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3586:
3584:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3458:
3452:
3451:
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3448:
3429:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3262:
3256:
3255:
3249:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3208:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3187:. Archived from
3180:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3113:
3107:
3093:
3087:
3073:
3067:
3054:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2994:
2988:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2930:. Archived from
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2904:. Archived from
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2797:. Archived from
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2771:. Archived from
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2745:. Archived from
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2685:. Ruby-Doc.org.
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2625:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2594:. Archived from
2584:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2414:. Archived from
2408:
2402:
2401:
2374:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2334:
2325:
2324:
2303:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2273:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2110:Platform support
1819:
1815:
1787:
1783:
1646:and cooperative
1638:
1634:
1619:rational numbers
1603:
1597:
1507:Lexical closures
1404:. Ruby features
1347:dynamic dispatch
1174:(experimental).
1098:
1092:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
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1011:
1007:
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1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
968:
901:
877:
876:require_relative
862:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
820:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
707:Ruby 1.8 and 1.9
692:Programming Ruby
442:Ruby Programming
440:
281:
190:
188:
187:3 September 2024
183:
179:
159:
157:
152:
125:Designed by
91:
84:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
34:
33:
26:
8320:
8319:
8315:
8314:
8313:
8311:
8310:
8309:
8220:
8219:
8218:
8213:
8195:
8119:
7845:
6997:
5946:
5928:
5925:
5919:
5889:
5884:
5856:
5823:Open-core model
5798:
5792:
5722:
5660:
5654:
5524:
5501:
5463:
5346:
5339:
5273:
5268:
5238:
5233:
5187:
4964:
4941:
4936:
4906:
4901:
4869:
4838:Document format
4826:
4795:
4755:
4692:
4609:
4581:
4568:
4529:
4491:Implementations
4485:
4480:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4392:
4384:
4382:
4375:
4367:, p. 326,
4365:No Starch Press
4356:
4351:
4328:
4323:
4315:, p. 360,
4306:
4301:
4293:, p. 888,
4284:
4276:
4274:
4267:
4259:, p. 816,
4248:
4243:
4235:, p. 963,
4224:
4219:
4211:, p. 492,
4202:
4194:
4192:
4185:
4177:, p. 288,
4166:
4161:
4153:, p. 584,
4144:
4140:
4138:Further reading
4135:
4134:
4125:
4123:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4099:
4097:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4070:
4068:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4044:
4042:
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4017:
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3991:
3989:
3979:
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3918:
3914:
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3891:
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3877:
3875:
3865:
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3851:
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3809:
3808:
3804:
3795:
3793:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3769:
3767:
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3749:
3739:
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3727:
3726:
3722:
3712:
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3700:
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3685:
3683:
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3646:
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3641:
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3598:
3596:
3592:
3582:
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3521:
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3506:
3504:
3491:
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3476:
3474:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3446:
3444:
3431:
3430:
3419:
3410:
3408:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3378:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3350:
3348:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3283:
3276:
3274:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3242:
3235:
3233:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3160:
3153:
3151:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3104:Wayback Machine
3094:
3090:
3084:Wayback Machine
3074:
3070:
3064:Wayback Machine
3055:
3051:
3041:
3039:
3024:"v1_9_3_0/NEWS"
3022:
3021:
3017:
3007:
3005:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2985:Wayback Machine
2976:
2972:
2963:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2885:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2830:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2775:on 16 July 2011
2767:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2663:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2638:
2636:
2627:
2626:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2571:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2542:
2540:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2516:
2514:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2443:Programming Nu™
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2395:
2376:
2375:
2360:
2351:
2349:
2336:
2335:
2328:
2318:
2305:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2262:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2185:version control
2163:
2112:
1964:GemTalk Systems
1884:
1863:was written in
1854:virtual machine
1842:
1837:
1827:
1825:Implementations
1817:
1813:
1798:metaprogramming
1785:
1781:
1755:
1749:
1636:
1632:
1623:complex numbers
1599:
1595:
1586:Strict boolean
1502:metaprogramming
1484:syntactic noise
1438:object-oriented
1433:
1408:, and supports
1398:metaprogramming
1322:object-oriented
1272:
1202:static analysis
1183:
1097:.grep_v(regexp)
1096:
1090:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
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1045:
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1009:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
966:
954:string literals
939:performance on
910:lazy evaluation
899:
885:
878:import security
875:
872:new socket API
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
778:
709:
626:object-oriented
608:
555:
550:
548:History of Ruby
544:
504:object-oriented
350:
288:implementations
277:
191:
186:
184:
181:
155:
153:
150:
114:object-oriented
75:
64:
58:
55:
47:help improve it
44:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8318:
8316:
8308:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
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7554:
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7452:
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7295:
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7285:
7280:
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7228:
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7218:
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6708:
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5840:
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4423:External links
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4401:O'Reilly Media
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4374:978-1593271480
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4337:O'Reilly Media
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4233:O'Reilly Media
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4118:. 2013-08-08.
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3895:Archived from
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3866:Britt, James.
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3810:Bill Venners.
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3439:. 2020-12-25.
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2149:Tools such as
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2060:.NET Framework
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912:of Enumerables
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898:A new method,
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823:an additional
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5851:Revolution OS
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5812:GNU Manifesto
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5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5729:
5719:
5718:Public domain
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
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5676:
5674:
5671:
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5657:
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5638:
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5611:
5608:
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5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5507:Organisations
5504:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5470:
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5440:
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5430:
5429:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:Office suites
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5373:
5371:
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5353:
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5348:
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5336:
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5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:Free software
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5265:
5260:
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5230:
5222:
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5210:
5207:
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5190:
5184:
5183:
5179:
5177:
5174:
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5169:
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5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5114:Object Pascal
5112:
5111:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
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5027:
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5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5006:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4944:
4940:
4933:
4928:
4926:
4921:
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4914:
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4910:
4898:
4897:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4876:
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4872:
4866:
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4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
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4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4758:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4736:Ruby on Rails
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4689:
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4679:
4676:
4674:
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4664:
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4656:
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4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:Aptana Studio
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4549:
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4538:
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4518:
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4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
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4492:
4488:
4484:
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4472:
4470:
4465:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4448:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4396:Learning Ruby
4391:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4327:
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4318:
4314:
4310:
4305:
4302:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4283:
4272:
4268:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4201:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4040:
4036:
4029:
4026:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3999:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3973:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3927:on 2004-07-22
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3899:on 2011-07-17
3898:
3894:
3888:
3885:
3873:
3869:
3862:
3859:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3830:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3803:
3791:
3787:
3781:
3778:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3748:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3721:
3708:
3704:
3697:
3694:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3591:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3502:
3498:
3497:ruby-lang.org
3494:
3488:
3485:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3457:
3454:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3272:
3268:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3190:
3186:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3135:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3037:
3033:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2838:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2660:on 2011-07-17
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2634:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2598:on 2018-10-27
2597:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2524:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:ring-lang.net
2470:
2463:
2460:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2348:on 2020-01-15
2347:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2255:
2254:Ruby on Rails
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2216:
2213:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2104:Ruby on Rails
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2079:Ruby on Rails
2076:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1836:
1832:
1824:
1822:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1661:and multiple
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:const_missing
1630:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:) denoted by
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1543:interpolation
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1390:introspection
1387:
1386:continuations
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1280:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1095:
1088:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:NoMethodError
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:, we can use
965:
961:
958:
955:
951:
950:
949:
945:
942:
938:
934:
930:
924:
922:
914:
911:
907:
904:
897:
894:
891:
890:
889:
882:
874:
871:
869:are supported
868:
864:
826:
822:
775:
771:
768:
764:
761:
760:
759:
757:
751:
749:
748:web framework
745:
744:Ruby on Rails
737:
736:Ruby on Rails
733:
729:
727:
723:
719:
713:
706:
704:
702:
698:
694:
693:
687:
685:
681:
676:
673:
667:
664:
661:
658:
657:
656:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
622:
620:
617:
613:
605:
603:
601:
597:
593:
587:
585:
581:
575:
572:
568:
562:
560:
553:Early concept
552:
549:
541:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
443:
439:
435:
434:
432:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:Influenced by
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
289:
284:
280:
279:ruby-lang.org
276:
272:
268:
266:
262:
259:
256:
254:
250:
247:
244:
242:
238:
235:
232:
228:
224:
222:
218:
215:
211:
207:
204:
202:
198:
194:
178:
172:
170:
166:
162:
148:
144:
140:
138:
134:
131:
128:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
100:
98:
94:
90:
85:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
21:Ruby on Rails
8130:
8062:27000 series
5849:
5842:
5810:
5693:Free license
5439:Android apps
5214:Generational
5204:Alphabetical
5200:
5180:
5145:
5005:Visual Basic
4894:
4882:
4865:Ruby License
4850:Ruby Central
4842:
4628:Hackety Hack
4615:Applications
4534:Discontinued
4482:
4395:
4385:February 13,
4383:, retrieved
4359:
4331:
4308:
4286:
4277:February 13,
4275:, retrieved
4251:
4227:
4204:
4195:February 13,
4193:, retrieved
4169:
4146:
4124:. Retrieved
4110:
4098:. Retrieved
4090:rubygems.org
4089:
4080:
4069:. Retrieved
4055:
4043:. Retrieved
4028:
4016:. Retrieved
4012:the original
4001:
3990:. Retrieved
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3952:
3943:
3935:
3929:. Retrieved
3925:the original
3915:
3907:
3901:. Retrieved
3897:the original
3887:
3876:. Retrieved
3861:
3850:. Retrieved
3841:
3832:
3820:. Retrieved
3805:
3794:. Retrieved
3780:
3768:. Retrieved
3759:
3750:
3738:. Retrieved
3723:
3711:. Retrieved
3696:
3684:. Retrieved
3670:
3642:
3630:. Retrieved
3593:
3581:. Retrieved
3567:
3556:. Retrieved
3542:
3531:. Retrieved
3517:
3505:. Retrieved
3496:
3487:
3475:. Retrieved
3466:
3456:
3445:. Retrieved
3436:
3409:. Retrieved
3400:
3391:
3379:. Retrieved
3370:
3361:
3349:. Retrieved
3340:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3310:
3301:
3275:. Retrieved
3260:
3234:. Retrieved
3219:
3193:. Retrieved
3189:the original
3178:
3152:. Retrieved
3137:
3127:December 27,
3125:. Retrieved
3121:the original
3111:
3091:
3071:
3052:
3042:February 20,
3040:. Retrieved
3036:the original
3027:
3018:
3008:February 20,
3006:. Retrieved
2992:
2973:
2962:. Retrieved
2948:
2936:. Retrieved
2932:the original
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2906:the original
2896:
2884:. Retrieved
2855:. Retrieved
2840:
2829:. Retrieved
2815:
2803:. Retrieved
2799:the original
2789:
2777:. Retrieved
2773:the original
2763:
2751:. Retrieved
2747:the original
2737:
2725:. Retrieved
2721:the original
2716:
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2682:
2673:
2662:. Retrieved
2658:the original
2648:
2637:. Retrieved
2600:. Retrieved
2596:the original
2582:
2570:. Retrieved
2562:"About Ruby"
2556:
2547:
2541:. Retrieved
2526:
2515:. Retrieved
2506:
2497:
2485:. Retrieved
2472:
2462:
2451:. Retrieved
2442:
2437:Burks, Tim.
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2416:the original
2406:
2398:
2379:
2350:. Retrieved
2346:the original
2341:
2321:
2307:
2285:. Retrieved
2193:
2178:
2174:RubyGems.org
2164:
2148:
2146:and others.
2120:Sony NEWS-OS
2113:
2101:
2093:ActionScript
2074:
2033:
1950:
1908:
1885:
1873:
1858:
1843:
1810:
1779:
1756:
1657:Support for
1591:
1519:block syntax
1477:declarations
1473:imperatively
1414:
1367:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1293:
1284:
1264:
1236:
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1199:
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1140:
1136:
1134:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1102:
1086:
1085:, the value
1034:
1030:
1024:
1020:
1017:did_you_mean
1016:
946:
925:
918:
908:New API for
886:
752:
741:
714:
710:
700:
696:
690:
688:
683:
679:
677:
674:
671:
654:
623:
618:
609:
588:
577:
567:toy language
564:
558:
556:
485:
471:, including
452:
451:
444:at Wikibooks
388:CoffeeScript
258:Ruby License
65:
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40:
7850:20000–29999
7002:10000–19999
5783:Tivoization
5422:Video games
5397:Mathematics
5209:Categorical
4822:Dave Thomas
4100:10 December
3381:27 December
3351:25 December
2602:15 February
2572:15 February
2439:"About Nu™"
2047:Objective-C
1992:proprietary
1928:TruffleRuby
1846:interpreter
1786:attr_reader
1782:attr_writer
1771:expressions
1753:Ruby syntax
1459:duck typing
1450:metaclasses
1442:inheritance
1436:Thoroughly
1421:Smalltalk's
1365:as mixins.
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1239:WebAssembly
1195:concurrency
1170:(JIT), and
865:per-string
851::symbol_key
763:block local
457:interpreted
299:TruffleRuby
174:3.3.5
8224:Categories
7629:16949 (TS)
7226:11941 (TR)
5924:standards
5731:Challenges
5449:Commercial
5432:E-commerce
5417:Television
5074:JavaScript
4950:Comparison
4710:Adhearsion
4702:frameworks
4623:Capistrano
4600:Komodo IDE
4525:RubyMotion
4403:, p.
4339:, p.
4126:2016-01-03
4071:2015-04-04
3992:2010-05-23
3931:2008-12-06
3903:2008-12-06
3878:2013-12-09
3852:2021-06-20
3796:2007-11-01
3558:2022-12-25
3533:2021-12-26
3447:2020-12-25
3411:2016-12-30
3030:Subversion
2964:2017-03-10
2831:2007-07-11
2664:2008-08-14
2639:2008-08-14
2543:2014-06-03
2517:2023-04-18
2487:3 December
2453:2011-07-21
2352:2019-06-25
2287:2023-12-25
2260:References
2239:Metasploit
2089:JavaScript
2051:RubyMotion
2029:JavaScript
2006:transpiler
2002:julializer
1984:and others
1968:GemStone/S
1916:, a mixed
1829:See also:
1775:statements
1515:generators
1498:alteration
1494:reflection
1469:statements
1465:expression
1157:Hash#slice
1153:yield_self
990:&&
978:&&
833:symbol_key
612:newsgroups
600:birthstone
500:procedural
461:high-level
378:Influenced
315:RubyMotion
118:reflective
110:imperative
106:functional
7584:15926 WIP
6948:9592/9593
6873:9000/9001
6761:8805/8806
5661:standards
5659:Types and
5640:Unlicense
5635:Sleepycat
5469:Community
5171:Smalltalk
4860:RubyForge
4855:RubyKaigi
4731:RubyCocoa
4698:Libraries
4688:CocoaPods
3965:29 August
3838:"Methods"
2727:April 10,
2717:Ruby-Talk
2693:April 10,
2477:ring-lang
2422:6 October
1996:RPG Maker
1960:Smalltalk
1517:, with a
1511:iterators
1341:supports
1187:Christmas
1149:begin-end
1058:wikipedia
1035:Array#dig
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5934:List of
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5229:Category
4995:Assembly
4955:Timeline
4884:Category
4770:mod_ruby
4763:software
4683:Homebrew
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4564:Rubinius
4546:IronRuby
4506:Ruby MRI
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4271:archived
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4094:Archived
4065:Archived
4039:Archived
3986:Archived
3959:Archived
3872:Archived
3846:Archived
3816:Archived
3790:Archived
3764:Archived
3734:Archived
3707:Archived
3680:Archived
3656:cite web
3626:Archived
3577:Archived
3552:Archived
3527:Archived
3501:Archived
3471:Archived
3441:Archived
3405:Archived
3375:Archived
3345:Archived
3315:Archived
3287:cite web
3271:Archived
3246:cite web
3230:Archived
3205:cite web
3164:cite web
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3100:Archived
3080:Archived
3060:Archived
3002:Archived
2981:Archived
2958:Archived
2880:Archived
2851:Archived
2825:Archived
2687:Archived
2633:Archived
2566:Archived
2537:Archived
2511:Archived
2481:Archived
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2166:RubyGems
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2056:IronRuby
2043:Mac OS X
1937:Rubinius
1892:Rubinius
1687:RubyGems
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628:design,
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295:Ruby MRI
269:.rb, .ru
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8110:29199-2
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7836:19794-5
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7619:16612-2
7609:16355-1
7298:13406-2
7256:12234-2
7024:10118-3
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5588:GNU GPL
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4791:WEBrick
4775:Mongrel
4746:Sinatra
4726:Padrino
4717:(RHTML)
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4648:Redmine
4554:HotRuby
4541:MacRuby
4045:3 March
4018:3 March
3604:YouTube
3477:May 18,
3277:12 July
3236:12 July
3195:12 July
3154:12 July
2857:5 March
2118:-based
2085:HotRuby
2039:MacRuby
1932:GraalVM
1712:OpenSSL
1672:API in
1670:plug-in
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1644:threads
1642:Native
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1537:symbols
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1258:-based
1212:Shopify
1120:Integer
1087:Foo Baz
1040:profile
933:Unicode
630:classes
594:" and "
542:History
392:Crystal
384:Clojure
274:Website
253:License
210:dynamic
185: (
154: (
45:Please
8124:30000+
6963:9797-1
6771:8820-5
6716:8501-1
6272:1073-2
6267:1073-1
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5870:Portal
5799:topics
5620:Python
5543:Apache
5492:Events
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5109:Pascal
5099:MATLAB
5084:Kotlin
5044:Erlang
4983:Simula
4800:People
4761:Server
4751:QtRuby
4673:Puppet
4559:MagLev
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4447:Curlie
4411:
4371:
4347:
4319:
4297:
4263:
4239:
4215:
4209:Apress
4181:
4157:
3954:GitHub
3507:25 Dec
3341:GitHub
3311:GitHub
2391:
2314:
2181:GitHub
2140:Heroku
2116:4.3BSD
2020:Python
1956:MagLev
1894:, and
1833:, and
1806:VB.NET
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1728:curses
1648:fibers
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1565:, and
1555:global
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1525:arrays
1475:(even
1467:(even
1446:mixins
1425:Python
1384:, and
1351:mixins
1338:method
1230:, and
1181:Ruby 3
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1137:rescue
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1110:Unify
1049:social
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962:A new
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883:Ruby 2
774:lambda
634:mixins
571:Python
534:, and
520:Eiffel
506:, and
469:object
455:is an
404:Groovy
400:Elixir
368:Python
352:Eiffel
286:Major
214:strong
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8186:56000
8181:55000
8176:50001
8171:45001
8166:42010
8161:40500
8156:39075
8151:38500
8146:37001
8141:32000
8136:31000
8131:30170
8115:29500
8105:29148
8101:29110
8097:28000
8092:27729
8087:27006
8082:27005
8077:27002
8072:27001
8067:27000
8057:26324
8052:26300
8047:26262
8042:26000
8037:25964
8032:25178
8027:24728
8022:24707
8017:24617
8012:24613
8007:24517
8002:23941
7997:23360
7992:23271
7987:23270
7972:23092
7962:23009
7957:23008
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7927:22300
7922:22275
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7902:21122
7897:21047
7892:21001
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7684:18181
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7674:18004
7669:17799
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7654:17369
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7644:17100
7639:17025
7634:17024
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7599:16023
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7579:15926
7574:15924
7569:15919
7564:15897
7559:15707
7547:15706
7542:15693
7537:15686
7532:15511
7527:15504
7522:15438
7517:15445
7500:15444
7495:15408
7490:15398
7485:15291
7480:15288
7475:15189
7470:15022
7465:14971
7460:14882
7455:14764
7450:14698
7445:14651
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7435:14644
7430:14617
7378:14496
7373:14443
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7363:14289
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7323:13568
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7313:13490
7308:13485
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7288:13250
7283:13216
7266:13211
7261:12620
7251:12207
7246:12182
7241:12052
7236:12006
7231:11992
7221:11941
7211:11940
7206:11898
7201:11889
7196:11801
7191:11785
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7176:11544
7171:11404
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7131:10861
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7121:10664
7116:10646
7111:10628
7106:10589
7101:10585
7096:10383
7064:10303
7059:10279
7054:10218
7049:10206
7044:10179
7039:10165
7034:10161
7029:10160
7019:10116
7014:10007
7009:10006
5645:WTFPL
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5049:Forth
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5000:BASIC
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4831:Other
4741:Shoes
4715:eRuby
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4550:XRuby
4520:JRuby
4515:mruby
3822:2 May
3770:2 May
3740:2 May
3713:2 May
3686:2 May
3632:2 May
3583:2 May
3321:2 May
3028:Ruby
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2912:2 May
2886:2 May
2805:2 May
2779:2 May
2753:2 May
2155:RBEnv
2128:Linux
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2016:Topaz
2010:Julia
1974:mruby
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1896:mruby
1888:JRuby
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7089:-238
6993:9995
6988:9985
6983:9984
6978:9945
6973:9899
6968:9897
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6953:9594
6943:9564
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6933:9506
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6923:9407
6918:9362
6913:9314
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6903:9241
6898:9227
6893:9141
6888:9126
6883:9075
6878:9036
6868:8879
6821:-8-I
6776:8859
6766:8807
6756:8691
6751:8652
6746:8651
6741:8632
6736:8613
6731:8601
6726:8583
6721:8571
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6706:8217
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6666:7811
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6639:7498
6634:7200
6629:7185
6624:7098
6619:7064
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6609:7010
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6599:7001
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6589:6709
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6579:6438
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6559:6373
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6544:6166
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6534:5807
6529:5800
6524:5776
6519:5775
6514:5725
6509:5428
6504:5427
6499:5426
6494:5218
6489:4909
6484:4217
6479:4165
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6469:4031
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6459:3950
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6444:3602
6439:3601
6434:3307
6429:3297
6407:3166
6402:3103
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6392:2921
6387:2852
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6377:2788
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6367:2711
6362:2709
6357:2533
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5942:–
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