Rugby union in China

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China as we would have liked in the areas we are dealing with. It's been slowed down recently by a change in the government's administrative approach in China and what we have done is put on hold for a month or two until we get clarity on who is leading rugby in China." Alisports CEO and founder Zhang Dazhong stated in September 2018: "First we want to cultivate the popularity of rugby in China so we will start with that first, and then once we've started then we will think about the goals, like this $ 100m promise. We will start with campus rugby first... We will not be involved with any club, federations or national level regarding the sport."

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than the traditional 15-a-side game, rugby union, would be played at future editions of the Asian Games — a decision that convinced the Chinese authorities to halt support for rugby union , according to Liu. 'This caused most of China’s 15s teams to fade away,' says Liu ... 'The CRFA should be promoting the sport, but they’re not,' says Liu. 'So, us diehard rugby fans are left to do it ourselves' ... China’s sports organizations, meanwhile, should be run by people with real experience and knowledge of the games they are promoting, rather than by bureaucrats, according to Liu."

926:. It participated in the inaugural 2011 edition, held in New Zealand and Australia. Results included a 59–12 loss to the Tongan Defence Services. However, it did not appear in the 2015 edition held in England or in the 2019 edition held in Japan. According to Simon Chadwick, professor of sports enterprise at the University of Salford, "he Chinese armed forces have been playing rugby for a number of years. They have believed that rugby is one of the best ways to develop the skills of their personnel, involving as it does strength, teamwork and decision-making.” 979:

schools in 20 provinces with the target of attracting and retaining one million new players over the next five years (iii) Development programmes to achieve the recruitment and training of 30,000 coaches and 15,000 match officials by 2020 (iv) A major rugby marketing and promotion initiative that would see Alisports invest in nationwide marketing and promotional programmes while carrying rugby content on its TV and digital platforms and Alibaba, the world's biggest e-commerce platform

4184: 4194: 848:, New Zealand, compared the standard to "Dunedin premier two grade" and stated: "The Chinese side was huge but they were pretty robotic. They just did a lot of pods and it was all pretty slow. Not very expansive." A pod is a group of players who attack the same space together. When it is used correctly, defenders don't know which attacker will get the ball. 1108:

as saying that poor decision-making by China’s sports authorities was to blame, in particular the decision to focus on just one version of the sport (rugby sevens). The magazine noted that, in 2002, "the Olympic Council of Asia decided that only the seven-a-side version of rugby, rugby sevens, rather

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and director of a youth rugby camp based at CAU which offers students from nearby primary schools training in sevens rugby, stated that "he biggest challenge is the strong perception among parents and school principals generally that rugby is a dangerous game, even at the junior level, which features

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Australian billionaire Andrew Forrest is launching the Rapid Rugby Championship in 2019, featuring women's and men's 7s and XVs teams from Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Fiji, Samoa and Japan, who will play in a round-robin format from February–June. According to Business Insider Australia, "Forrest

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During the Liaoning tournament, the women's final between Shandong and Beijing proved controversial when, at the insistence of their coach, Beijing players refused to continue playing, after a try was awarded to Shandong by the Spanish referee. The Beijing team was subsequently fined and later issued

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in association with the Qingdao Sharks Rugby Club, one of the first non-university, non-expat rugby clubs formed in China (in 1998). The event was won by Jinan. The president of the China Rugby Football Union stated that the tournament "bodes well for the development of the 15’s game in China as the

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in 2013, at the 12th edition of the event, held in 2013 in Liaoning. The coach of the Chinese women's national team, Ben Gollings, said in 2016 that "he biggest competition is the China Games which is played by all the provinces. This has helped start the development of rugby but when it gets into

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According to World Rugby, the project was to initially focus on four main goals: (i) Establishment of first-ever professional men's and women's 15s leagues and national sevens programmes (ii) World Rugby's Get Into Rugby mass participation programme (see below) to be run in 10,000 universities and

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first played in 2006 and continued regularly until 2012. They began playing again in 2019, when they won the Asia Rugby Women’s Division 1 title with victory over both Singapore and the Philippines. However they later (just) lost a two-match playoff against Kazakhstan, so did not gain a spot in the

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There are a number of amateur clubs which compete domestically for the annual All China Rugby Cup. Teams compete in one of four divisions, based on their location (e.g. the North China division or the South China division). At the end of the season, the top finisher in every division qualifies for

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Progress with the Team China Initiative was slow, however, notably due to "governance changes" within Chinese rugby. World Rugby CEO Breet Gosper stated in April 2018: "I’d have to say it's been slow progress, the partnership. It's slower than we would have liked. Things aren’t easy and rapid in

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In November 2015, China qualified for the Final 2016 Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament, an event which would determine the 12th and last team to play at Rio 2016. The tournament took place on 25–26 June 2016 in Ireland. China finished second in its pool, but then lost to Spain in the first

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In December 2017, the Chinese rugby football association signed a memorandum of understanding with the Samoa Rugby Union, under which the Samoa Rugby Union will "promote the sport in China and also provide an environment for C.F.R.A. teams to visit and learn from local teams and competitions on

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After winning the qualifying tournament in Hong Kong in September 2014, China became one of the core teams in the 2014–2015 season. However, it won no pool matches in any of the five events, and finished 11th out of 13 teams, failing to secure automatic core team status for the following season.

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Also in 2016, women's sevens coach Ben Gollings referred to "red tape" and also noted, non-judgmentally, that many of the players representing the country grew up playing other sports, and therefore do not necessarily have a personal passion for playing rugby. Similarly, the club captain of the

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In April 2019, Chen Yingbiao was elected as the new president of the Chinese Rugby Football Association (CRFA) and — unlike many of his predecessors — he actually has a rugby background through his athletic association with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). Chen’s is ambitious: In his opening

493:, China lost to Spain (the eventual winner) in the quarterfinal, so did not gain a place in the main Sevens Series. In the qualifying tournament in Hong Kong in April 2017, China lost 28–14 to Japan (the eventual winner) in the quarterfinal, so did not gain a place in the main Sevens Series. 1045:

In late 2017, it was reported that advertisements had appeared on social media targeting people of Chinese descent living abroad who may wish to represent China in rugby. Already the search has been successful, as "Peter Wong will become the first Fijian to represent China in rugby sevens".

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In November 2015, China attempted to qualify Rio 2016, at the 2015 ARFU Men's Sevens Championships held in Hong Kong. However, it finished fifth, behind Japan (which qualified directly for Rio), and Hong Kong, South Korea and Sri Lanka (which went through to the Final 2016 Men's Olympic

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In October 2016, World Rugby announced its Team China initiative, signed in partnership with company Alisports and China's rugby football association. Alisports committed to invest $ 100m over the 2016-2026 period, in an effort to further popularise both formats of the game.

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In 2018, an ex-pat player at the Wuhan Baiji team in China, Martin Sullivan, was quoted as saying: "The main thing which is actually holding back Chinese rugby is the lack of facilities, lack of grass pitches, lack of trained coaches and lack of understanding of rugby."

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decided that, from 2020, the residency requirement to qualify for a national team would be extended from three to five years. One commentator has questioned whether this might make it more difficult for developing nations like China to compete internationally.

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The social clubs are dominated by expatriates, including the Shanghai Rugby Football Club, the Beijing Devils, and the Hangzhou Harlequins. The Shanghai and Beijing teams play domestically but also in the Yellow Sea Cup against a team from Seoul, South Korea.

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The 2019 Asia Men's Sevens Championship doubled as the Olympic qualifying tournament. China was eliminated after losing (after extra time) in the semi-final against eventual winners South Korea. However, because it finished in the top 4 it qualified for the

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In 2012, ARFU secretary-general Ross Mitchell was reported as saying that China's rugby administration "find it difficult to field their best team in international sevens competitions because their PLA players are not allowed permission to go overseas".

342:, "he sevens' action will keep going from April to November with a series of scheduled events. We hope this intensive exposure will attract interest from sponsors and sports marketing agencies to help establish a professional league in the near future." 640:, held in Monaco in June 2021 (postponed from June 2020 due to COVID), from which it could have qualified for Tokyo 2020. Unfortunately, China had to withdraw from the tournament (which was won by Ireland) due to constraints caused by the pandemic. 1003:

IMPACT Beyond is a World Rugby initiative which has been in place since 2013, and has previously included IMPACT Beyond RWC 2015 and IMPACT Beyond Rio 2016. In May 2017, the IMPACT Beyond RWC 2019 project was launched. It is a partnership between

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in 2009 in Hong Kong, and China won the tournament. However, the sport was not retained for the Games in 2013 in Tianjin, reportedly due to budgetary issues, and, in any event, the East Asian Games has now been replaced by an under-18s event.

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In 2016, Xu Fangjie, coach of the Liaoning provincial men's team, said that "he biggest problem is that we don't have enough games to play. If people can't see us play on a regular basis throughout the year, how can we promote the sport?"

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This interest has been particularly piqued by rugby sevens. For example, it has been reported that 44 million people in China watched sevens at the Rio Olympics — double the number in the UK and second only to the United States worldwide.

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first played in 1997. As of 28 May 2018, China's men's XV side was ranked 87th in the world, down from 68th on 14 November 2016. Its highest ranking was 37th, which was achieved in the early 2000s. Under the points system used by

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In the qualifying tournament in Dublin in August 2015, China lost 27–5 to Ireland in the quarterfinals, so did not gain a place in the main Sevens Series. In the qualifying tournament in Dublin in June 2016, which doubled as the

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China's national youth team toured New Zealand between 18 and 26 June 2017 to play against Hamilton Boys' High School in Hamilton and to visit the Rotorua Boys' High School Academy and the Bay of Plenty Steamers in Tauranga.

1358: 301:, in 2018 China and the US are tied for the countries with the most people either "interested" or "very interested" in rugby union, with 30 million fans in each. This compares to 25 million in India and 15 million in Japan. 871:, China went unbeaten against India and Indonesia, with 137 points for and only 27 against, gaining promotion to Division 2 in the process. Participation in Division 2 will enable the team to attempt qualification for the 1032:

In October 2017, the Chinese rugby football association signed a memorandum of understanding with the Fijian rugby football union, under which Fiji will supply coaches to help develop Chinese sevens and fifteens rugby.

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In 2017, 140,986 Chinese boys and girls took the GIR programme, learning basic rugby skills. This was the fourth highest GIR figure in the world, behind Colombia (216,341), South Africa (170,919), and India (160,378).

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play-off match, ending its chance of winning the tournament. It nevertheless went on to beat Samoa and Argentina, to clinch the Plate Final. A video report on the team's preparations for the tournament is available at

613:, for the highest ever prize money seen in rugby sevens. However, the first edition was then pushed back to 2018, and delays in the roll-out of the Alisports rugby funding suggest the tournament has been abandoned. 578:, USA. China was one of the featured teams, alongside a number of heavyweights like Fiji, New Zealand, Australia, and England. China finished 11 out of 12 teams, beating Tonga 34–10 in the play-off for last place. 237:. A professor there, Chao Xihuang was introduced to the sport by a Japanese businessman, and set up a couple of sides. Professor Zheng Hongjun is also credited with the early development of rugby in the 1990s. 637: 739:“has effectively halted the development of 15-a-side rugby in China. Beijing reacted by immediately gearing its national rugby system towards sevens, instructing the universities to focus on the format.” 537: 764:

There is currently no professional XV rugby competition within the Chinese mainland. However, it has been reported that a number of east coast clubs are likely to be part of a proposed league run by the

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since it began in 2009. A video of a 2015 match against Thailand is available online. China finished 4th in 2016, 5th in 2017, and 5th in 2018. In some years, the tournaments in the Series include a

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China did not participate in the Asian Under-19 Rugby Championship held in Malaysia in December 2016 nor in the Asian Under-19 Rugby Championship held in Hong Kong and Sri Lanka in December 2017.

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Beginning in 2010, two national championships - two-day sevens' tournaments held in different locations - were held every year. However, in 2015, to help the game gain consistent exposure, the

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China plays in what was intended to be an annual Kublai Khan Cup against Mongolia. In the inaugural match in May 2015, China won 46–19. No further contests for the Cup have been recorded.

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Since 2013, the National University Rugby Sevens Championship has been organized annually, with 2015's event attracting 12 male and eight female university teams from across the country.

743:, the former China national side captain, added in 2015 that “ur national system is geared towards an Olympic strategy, and sevens, as one of the Olympic events, gets more attention.” 51: 2813: 1366: 490: 665:

through the qualifying tournament in Dubai on 19–20 November 2021. However, they finished 4th, behind Hong Kong, South Korea and Japan, with only the top two teams progressing.

1020:'s Asia Rugby One Million Project, which uses Get Into Rugby programmes and aims to achieve 1 million new players across Asia (making a total of 2 million) by the start of the 844:

Because they play so seldom, and with little media coverage, it is difficult to judge the standard of the men's XV team. In 2018, an opponent with experience in club rugby in

1592: 3090: 3270: 868: 533: 529: 501: 497: 3222: 452:. At the Moscow tournament in June 2013, China lost all its pool games but beat Brazil in the Bowl play-offs before losing in the Bowl semi-finals to the Netherlands. 1016:

and is the official 'legacy' programme for Rugby World Cup 2019. One of its four 'pillars' is 'growing the game across Asia', and as such it appears to have subsumed

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expatriate side Beijing Devils, Steven Lynch, said in 2015 that “here really needs to be deeper roots of rugby at grass roots level for it to succeed in China.”

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XV team, which is stationed at the army’s sports institute in Guangzhou, also competes in an annual match against the Hong Kong Disciplined Services team in the

896: 860:, most recently in 2008 when it was grouped with Singapore, Chinese Taipei and Sri Lanka. However, between 2015 and 2019, the team was in Division 3 East of the 386:

From 2019 to 2020, the coach of the Chinese Women's Sevens team was New Zealander Sean Horan, who previously coached the New Zealand Women's Sevens team at the

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to rank rugby nations, China regularly scored between 46 and 49 points in the period 2003–2009. Since 2010, it has typically scored between 39 and 41 points.

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divided the annual Sevens National Championships into four legs held in different cities. As a result, according to Cui Weihong, secretary-general of the

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The growth of the sport has been massive. For example, in 1991, there were a mere 30 registered players in China. By 1996, there were over a thousand

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In the 1930s and 1940s, rugby is said to have been adopted by Chinese military commanders to instil aggression into troops during the war with Japan.

2965: 899:, as part of the 2012 Asian Five Nations Division 2. It lost its first match to Malaysia 89–0, and so was eliminated from the qualification process. 2222: 1299: 787:

and the Beijing Flying Horses Rugby Club) or have made significant efforts to reach out to native Chinese (such as the Qingdao Sharks Rugby Club).

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Early rugby union in China was often played by expatriates of various rugby playing nations, and colonials. For example, there was a rugby club in

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The 2017 All China Rugby Cup was won by the Shanghai Silver Dragons (of the Shanghai Rugby Football Club) against the Guangzhou Rams, 46–16.

3823: 3215: 794:, Beijing Normal University and South China Agriculture University, have introduced majors in athletic training with rugby as a specialty. 693:

event. China made the final of the 2019 China event, having beaten favourites Japan in the semi-finals, but lost out to Hong Kong by 7-14.

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44 million people in China watched sevens at the Rio Olympics — double the number in the UK and second only to the United States worldwide

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Cup, named after Hong Kong's Secretary for Security. The match has traditionally been played in December but in 2016 was played during

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This contrasts with 2015, when Repucom released survey figures suggesting that only 1% of Chinese people were looking forward to the

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Since the beginning of 2000s, China has concerned more of the rugby sevens instead of the 15-men rugby, due to the Olympic strategy.

3401: 3355: 3200: 1396: 1336: 1220: 3775: 2986: 2683: 2604: 2032:"Tokyo 2020 Olympics: Hong Kong men's and women's rugby sevens teams drawn in qualifying repechage | South China Morning Post" 1596: 2868: 3908: 3069: 2276: 1104:

In 2019, a Shanghai-based lawyer who played for the PLA team in the early 2000s, Liu Kai, was quoted in the online news magazine

610: 158:. However, China has hopes of one day hosting the men's event, and World Rugby has indicated it supports taking the event there. 4154: 3780: 3607: 3421: 3381: 3208: 3064: 2465: 1851: 1055:

is hoping to expand the competition further in the next two years with teams from China, India, the UAE, Sri Lanka and Korea".

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all have sevens teams, there are no regional XVs sides and no national rugby XV competition. According to the UK newspaper the

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In October 2008, China finished third (behind Japan and Thailand) in the Asian qualification tournament to book a place in the

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Today, one segment of Chinese society where rugby is particularly popular is the military. Rugby is an official sport of the

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Rugby XVs does not attract the same level of support as rugby sevens. For example, while the provinces that compete in the

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in 1997 and as of 1 July 2019, its women's XV side was ranked 24th and its men's XV side 80th in the world. Neither the

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the All China Rugby Cup. Meanwhile, the second-place team from each division lands in the four-team China Plate Final.

4068: 4033: 3785: 2248: 2078: 906:, because only teams in the Top Three (generally Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea), Division 1, and Division 2 of the 662: 473: 461: 449: 437: 339: 335: 472:

In November 2021, China finished second (behind Japan) in the Asian qualification tournament to book a place in the

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After winning the qualifying tournament in Hong Kong in April 2018, China became one of the core teams again in the

3958: 3953: 3848: 3697: 3677: 3667: 3290: 1013: 816:(which they won in 2006 and 2011), which would have given them a chance to qualify for the 2021 Women's World Cup. 460:

In October 2017, China finished second (behind Japan) in the Asian qualification tournament to book a place in the

440:. At the UAE tournament in March 2009, China won the Bowl final, beating the Netherlands, Japan, Italy and Brazil. 266:

club in England, and promising young speedster Li Yang, who boasts a time of 10.6 seconds in the 100-metre sprint.

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Later, for a period under Communism, rugby was banned in China, with the national Sports Council stating that "the

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island". In this regard, China will take part in Samoa's Marist International Sevens tournament in February 2018.

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In October 2012, China finished second (behind Fiji) in the Asian qualification tournament to book a place in the

4078: 4053: 3988: 3968: 3948: 3868: 3858: 3790: 3737: 3542: 3522: 3512: 3492: 3482: 3386: 3285: 1270: 674: 606: 571: 219: 139: 516:. It has won the Series five times, most recently in 2014. In September 2017, it lost the final to Japan 19–14. 4164: 4043: 4038: 3918: 3898: 3840: 3816: 3747: 3687: 3672: 3647: 3547: 3507: 3452: 3179: 3117: 2827: 1186: 1123: 907: 861: 1712: 4108: 2828:"Andrew Forrest unveils 'Global Rapid Rugby', a new format aimed at reviving interest in the struggling game" 1064:

statement he said he would resign if the Chinese women’s sevens team did not qualify for the Tokyo Olympics.

4058: 4013: 3993: 3983: 3883: 3707: 3702: 3657: 3652: 3612: 3602: 3567: 3527: 3376: 3350: 3345: 3335: 3315: 3295: 3159: 3143: 857: 728: 366: 354: 102: 4088: 4083: 4003: 3998: 3978: 3863: 3853: 3742: 3732: 3717: 3637: 3587: 3572: 3557: 3472: 3457: 3427: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3391: 3340: 3305: 3300: 3280: 3275: 3265: 3255: 2592: 1648: 1275: 98: 3928: 4128: 4063: 4028: 3963: 3943: 3933: 3893: 3878: 3873: 3752: 3727: 3692: 3642: 3632: 3627: 3597: 3562: 3552: 3502: 3477: 3467: 3447: 3437: 3396: 3370: 3330: 3320: 3189: 2226: 1542: 1196: 1161: 567: 2262: 1649:"Beijing Women's Rugby Team Punished at the 12th Chinese National Games - All China Women's Federation" 4169: 4048: 4023: 3938: 3913: 3903: 3577: 3537: 3517: 3487: 3462: 3432: 3360: 3184: 2920: 1191: 1127: 1021: 922:

XV team represents China in the International Defence Rugby Competition, which is held alongside the

903: 892: 872: 735:, the decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 2009 to introduce rugby sevens to the 575: 313: 309: 179: 175: 4138: 4008: 3973: 3923: 3832: 3809: 3712: 3617: 3592: 3532: 3497: 3442: 3122: 1304: 1208: 686: 420: 204: 4193: 1505: 648:

The CRFU has as an official objective for the men's sevens team to qualify for the 2024 Olympics.

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In January 2017, it was reported that China had 76,000 registered rugby players, up 40% on 2014.

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side, and it is ranked in fourth position in East Asia, after Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea.

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In April 2019, World Rugby announced that the Team China Initiative had finally been abandoned.

938: 2517: 2842:"Women's Sevens Olympic Repêchage: Ben Gollings is chasing the dream with China - Rugby World" 2306: 1392: 1332: 1216: 1167: 387: 627:

Qualification Tournament, which would determine the 12th and last team to play at Rio 2016).

2492:"Significant changes made to Hong Kong Rugby Union Domestic League… - Hong Kong Rugby Union" 2122: 1768: 934: 549: 263: 138:

is a growing sport; however, it is still not overly popular. China became affiliated to the

3239: 1024:(in China, this is being run in 4 locations: Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoning & Shandong). 923: 732: 602: 155: 94: 2147: 756:

event has created a lot of interest in other Provinces to host future 15’s tournaments".

423:. At Tokyo, they made the quarterfinals and eventually finished seventh out of 12 teams. 1954: 126: 1170:

and souring of relations with the mainland has meant that it was effectively cut off.

4212: 4187: 2568:"Silent on Alisports' US$ 100m: Gosper keeps mum after meeting China rugby officials" 736: 587: 1359:"China isn't in the Rugby World Cup - its goal is to win the Sevens at the Olympics" 3138: 2658: 2355:"Pacific.scoop.co.nz » Victory for NZ in the International Defence Rugby Comp" 2263:"Kazakhstan win Promotion and keep their dream alive of a 7th World Cup appearance" 1174: 1137: 1077: 690: 170:, where many of these could be found, and there was also a significant presence in 1619:"Beijing women's rugby, upset with ref, loses 71-0 at 12th Chinese National Games" 1300:"Exclusive: Rugby World Cup chiefs target United States and China as future hosts" 941:

in April, with the PLA replaced by a new Hong Kong team, the Tin Shui Wai Pandas.

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The team has also been a part of the second-tier rugby competition in Hong Kong.

4197: 3235: 3231: 1093: 1005: 838: 702: 591: 525: 298: 178:. The Shanghai club folded in 1952, and the surplus funds were presented to the 2440: 218:

Chinese delegates were amongst those who went to the centenary congress of the

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As of 22 November 2021, China's women's XV side was ranked 23rd in the world.

183: 1904:"Collegiate Rugby Championship - Sevens Rugby US National Rugby Championship" 1133: 574:

season began in December 2017 in Dubai. It was held on 4–5 November 2017 in

504:(in which they nevertheless featured occasionally as an invitational team). 252: 208: 171: 2991: 1593:"Beijing Women's Rugby Team Scandalize National Games | the Beijinger" 2633:"PRU earns 10th position in world for promoting rugby at grass-root level" 1980:"Silicon Valley 7s announced just as Shanghai Sevens pushed back one year" 405: 167: 2542: 1567: 251:, with the PLA Sports Institute participating in the highly competitive 2996: 2593:

http://www.us100-million-hold-world-rugby-suspends-china-programme-over

2413: 2383: 2096: 1878:"Tianjin event to be last East Asian Games amid youth tournament plans" 1822: 1622: 845: 752: 751:

In June 2016, the inaugural National Youth 15's tournament was held in

370: 234: 3801: 2814:"Shots fired! Billionaire launches radical alternative to Super Rugby" 1699:"Beauly man appointed head coach of China rugby sevens Olympics squad" 1173:

Nonetheless, Taiwan, playing as Chinese Taipei, has a very successful

187: 1741:"China seal best-ever outing in Olympic rugby debut; Kiwis win gold" 2173:"Shanghai Rugby Downs Guangzhou 46-16, Repeats as China Cup Champs" 1794:"China secure place on HSBC World Rugby Women's Sevens Series 2019" 464:. At the tournament in July 2018, China finished 12th of 16 teams. 211:

has helped reintroduce the sport into the PRC, and the head of the

1727:"China trounces Japan to qualify for Olympic rugby quarter-finals" 1149: 2605:"China's $ 100mn rugby competition plans stalled, says Alisports" 1471:"China has 30m rugby fans – No.1 alongside USA, says World Rugby" 2894:"Why Changing The Residency Rule Might Slow Rugby's Development" 2380:"IDRC 2011 - Tonga Defence Services vs People's Liberation Army" 1674:"Beijing delegation apologizes for rugby match-throwing-Sino-US" 225:

Rugby re-emerged in the PRC in 1990, with a club forming at the

3805: 3204: 3000: 2659:"Massive impact of RWC 2019 will be an enduring legacy in Asia" 586:

A Champion of Champions tournament was at one stage planned by

2619:"China's 'complex' US$ 100m Alisports rugby deal on scrapheap" 2198:"Dallas Seymour and Nathan Mauger coach Sevens Rugby in China" 1903: 783:

Some clubs have a native-Chinese base (such as Nongda aka the

638:

2020 Men's Rugby Sevens Final Olympic Qualification Tournament

2869:"World Rugby extends residency rule from three to FIVE years" 2518:"China Daily Website - Connecting China Connecting the World" 2410:"IDRC 2011 - Australian Services vs People's Liberation Army" 500:. However, after finishing last, they were relegated for the 417:

2019 Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Olympic Qualifying Tournament

269:

In June 2006, a delegation from Leicester rugby club led by

2543:"Record US$ 100 million investment to boost rugby in China" 705:

since 1998. China's best placing was third in 2006. In the

2466:"Uniformed 'brothers' play key role in growth of the game" 2330:"Tier 2 & 3 Rugby Forum - View topic - Rugby in China" 353:

In a big boost for the sport, Rugby Sevens debuted in the

528:

since 2010. China finished runners-up (to Kazakhstan) in

390:. Since late 2020, it has been Scotsman Euan Mackintosh. 2249:"China take step closer to Women's Rugby World Cup 2021" 273:

went on a week-long visit to China to promote the game.

215:

George Simkin introduced a development programme there.

1819:"East Asian Games Rugby Sevens competition promo video" 1245:"China aims to take on the world with rugby revolution" 1166:

Rugby union has an unbroken history in Taiwan, but the

2710:"Step in the right direction, Chinese Ambassador says" 2123:"Rugby in China : Cycling to the Rugby World Cup" 2065:"Chinese interest in domestic hockey at all-time high" 1331:. Compiled by Chris Rhys. London. Century Publishing. 1213:

Rugby - A Way of Life, An Illustrated History of Rugby

1148:. However, Rugby union has a much smaller presence in 2006:"US$ 100m on hold: World Rugby halts China programme" 1929:"United World Sports Announces Silicon Valley Sevens" 1769:"Japan and Ireland qualify for Women's Sevens Series" 1506:"World Rugby's minnows show the huge leaps in fandom" 902:

China was not eligible to attempt to qualify for the

1852:"China says no to rugby at Tianjin East Asian Games" 1537: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1529: 1527: 4137: 4097: 3839: 3761: 3246: 3172: 3152: 3131: 3110: 3103: 3078: 3057: 3050: 3034: 2921:"Rugby in China - Eastern Promise or A False Dawn?" 1081:the safer touch version and uses protective gear." 609:invited to compete, alongside the national team of 605:in late October 2017 with the top eight teams from 491:

Final 2016 Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament

117: 85: 77: 67: 57: 45: 33: 25: 20: 1568:"Gollings' China have their eyes on the end prize" 1543:"Try, try and try again-Society-chinadaily.com.cn" 864:, alongside countries like Guam, Brunei and Laos. 790:More than 10 universities in China, including the 262:("Johnny Zhang"), who had a stint with the famous 2783: 2781: 1329:The Book of Rugby Disasters & Bizarre Records 1271:"Rugby: China on mission to host Rugby World Cup" 1239: 1237: 869:2019 Asia Rugby Championship division tournaments 601:The first edition was to be played in Shanghai's 570:was a one-off tournament held a month before the 1713:"China women qualify for Olympic Games in style" 524:Rugby Sevens has been contested by women at the 2059: 2057: 910:can participate in the qualification process. 701:Rugby Sevens has been contested by men at the 415:China beat Hong Kong 33–0 in the final of the 3817: 3216: 3012: 1755:"Dialog Asia Rugby Women's Seven Series 2021" 1444:Tom Mackenzie; Chris O'Brien (20 June 2006). 198:meeting of sullied bodies in physical contact 8: 2760:"Sport: China to play Rugby Sevens in Samoa" 2079:"Dialog Asia Rugby Men's Sevens Series 2021" 1132:Rugby union has an uninterrupted history in 856:China has been as high as Division 1 of the 2735:"Samoa, China strengthen rugby connections" 1846: 1844: 3824: 3810: 3802: 3223: 3209: 3201: 3107: 3054: 3019: 3005: 2997: 2946:"Why Rugby Has Yet to Convert the Chinese" 2223:"Chinese kids getting in touch with rugby" 2441:"Rugby looking for breakthrough in China" 897:2015 Rugby World Cup – Asia qualification 673:China has not yet qualified for the HSBC 502:2019–20 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series 498:2018–19 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series 358:schools we will see the biggest growth." 174:, due to the strong connections with the 2684:"Sport: Fiji Rugby signs MOU with China" 1323: 1321: 1319: 207:days, the relative strength of rugby in 2789:"Fijian Joins China 7s Team - Fiji Sun" 1233: 809:China women's national rugby union team 3238:affiliated nations not present in the 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 709:, China finished 6th out of 12 teams. 480:HSBC World Rugby Women's Sevens Series 406:http://www.worldrugby.org/video/171952 258:Notable Chinese rugby players include 17: 2420:from the original on 21 December 2021 2390:from the original on 21 December 2021 2103:from the original on 21 December 2021 2093:"Asia Rugby 7s 2015 China v Thailand" 1829:from the original on 21 December 2021 1629:from the original on 21 December 2021 1136:, where arguably the most successful 7: 661:China attempted to qualify for the 3042:Chinese Rugby Football Association 1357:Connor, Neil (29 September 2015). 1312:from the original on 15 June 2019. 891:In its attempt to qualify for the 767:Chinese Rugby Football Association 596:Chinese Rugby Football Association 220:International Rugby Football Board 40:Chinese Rugby Football Association 14: 2302:"Morrison helps Guam to two wins" 1041:Search for China-eligible players 548:Rugby Sevens was included in the 514:Asian Women's Sevens Championship 4192: 4183: 4182: 2439:Wilson, Bill (8 November 2016). 814:Asian Women's Rugby Championship 562:Silicon Valley Sevens Tournament 508:Asia Rugby Women's Sevens Series 340:China Rugby Football Association 336:China Rugby Football Association 182:for a "Royal Retiring Room", at 3271:Arab states of the Persian Gulf 2919:Wood, George (4 January 2018). 1955:"China vs Tonga - Sevens Rugby" 834:China national rugby union team 536:, and runners-up (to Japan) in 227:Beijing Agricultural University 4150:British Indian Ocean Territory 1446:"China a dragon in the making" 1419:"Chinese take away rugby tips" 1076:In 2016, Jin Mengwei, wife of 990:Get Into Rugby (GIR) Programme 669:HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series 111:Rugby union at the Asian Games 1: 2966:IRB guide to rugby in Chinese 2867:Thomas, Simon (10 May 2017). 2127:Cyclingtotherugbyworldcup.com 792:China Agricultural University 785:China Agricultural University 722: 582:Shanghai Champions Tournament 507: 479: 231:China Agricultural University 2974:Rugby in Asia China Homepage 1298:Rowan, Kate (12 June 2019). 895:, China participated in the 798:China at international level 377:China at international level 312:, down from 4% ahead of the 3683:St Vincent & Grenadines 2152:Getintorugby.worldrugby.org 663:2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens 474:2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens 462:2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens 450:2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens 438:2009 Rugby World Cup Sevens 4235: 1389:The Complete Book of Rugby 1327:Cotton, Fran (Ed.) (1984) 1159: 1142:national team of Hong Kong 1121: 1014:Japan Rugby Football Union 685:China has competed in the 532:, winners (over Japan) in 512:China participates in the 52:People's Republic of China 29:People's Republic of China 4178: 1144:also participates in the 675:World Rugby Sevens Series 607:World Rugby Sevens Series 572:World Rugby Sevens Series 140:International Rugby Board 124: 92: 3899:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 3180:Rugby union in Hong Kong 3118:Asian Rugby Championship 2237:– via PressReader. 1547:europe.chinadaily.com.cn 1187:Rugby union in Hong Kong 1140:tournament is held. The 1124:Rugby union in Hong Kong 1050:Rapid Rugby Championship 960:Efforts to develop rugby 931:People’s Liberation Army 920:People’s Liberation Army 908:Asian Rugby Championship 862:Asian Rugby Championship 852:Asian Rugby Championship 249:People's Liberation Army 150:has yet qualified for a 4160:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 858:Asia Rugby Championship 729:National Games of China 367:National Games of China 355:National Games of China 152:Women's Rugby World Cup 103:IRB Sevens World Series 3326:British Virgin Islands 3311:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1391:(Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 1276:The New Zealand Herald 999:IMPACT Beyond RWC 2019 590:, in conjunction with 556: 381: 99:Rugby World Cup Sevens 3762:Former states without 3723:Trinidad & Tobago 3190:Rugby union in Taiwan 2522:Wap.chinadaily.com.cn 2496:Hong Kong Rugby Union 2099:. 27 September 2015. 1215:(Lennard Books, 1986 1197:Rugby union in Taiwan 1162:Rugby union in Taiwan 970:Team China Initiative 965:Positive developments 723:Women's and Men's XVs 568:Silicon Valley Sevens 200:cannot be approved." 87:National competitions 4219:Rugby union in China 4074:United Arab Emirates 3833:Rugby union in Asia 3764:World Cup experience 3249:World Cup experience 3185:Rugby union in Macau 3144:China Women's Sevens 3028:Rugby union in China 2067:. 22 September 2019. 1625:. 4 September 2013. 1387:Bath, Richard (ed.) 1369:on 30 September 2015 1209:Starmer-Smith, Nigel 1192:Rugby union in Macau 1128:Rugby union in Macau 1028:Bilateral Agreements 1022:2019 Rugby World Cup 904:2019 Rugby World Cup 893:2015 Rugby World Cup 873:2023 Rugby World Cup 576:San Jose, California 314:2011 Rugby World Cup 310:2015 Rugby World Cup 176:British Commonwealth 136:Rugby union in China 21:Rugby union in China 4101:limited recognition 3173:Related territories 3123:Asian Sevens Series 2830:. 15 November 2018. 2816:. 15 November 2018. 2607:. 2 September 2018. 2416:. 10 October 2011. 2359:pacific.scoop.co.nz 1825:. 27 October 2009. 1715:. 10 November 2019. 1701:. 20 November 2020. 1599:on 19 November 2016 1512:. 24 September 2015 1408:Starmer-Smith, p186 1305:The Daily Telegraph 1118:Hong Kong and Macau 1059:New CRFA Leadership 822: 802: 769:beginning in 2018. 687:Asian Sevens Series 681:Asian Sevens Series 421:2020 Tokyo Olympics 419:to qualify for the 205:Cultural Revolution 3247:Third tier without 2948:. 18 October 2019. 2663:Rugbybworldcup.com 2386:. 7 October 2011. 2202:Store.r80rugby.com 1858:. 10 November 2012 1425:. 30 November 2012 1279:. 15 November 2016 1146:Asian Five Nations 456:San Francisco 2018 107:Asian Five Nations 69:Registered players 63:Early 20th century 4206: 4205: 4143:other territories 3799: 3798: 3198: 3197: 3168: 3167: 3099: 3098: 2982:China Rugby Union 2873:Walesonline.co.uk 2766:. 10 January 2018 2690:. 27 October 2017 2639:. 20 January 2018 2307:Otago Daily Times 2229:on 3 January 2017 1510:Nielsensports.com 1168:Chinese Civil War 879:Bilateral Matches 388:2016 Rio Olympics 229:(now merged into 133: 132: 119:Club competitions 4226: 4196: 4186: 4185: 4155:Christmas Island 3841:Sovereign states 3826: 3819: 3812: 3803: 3608:Papua New Guinea 3422:French Polynesia 3240:Rugby World Cups 3225: 3218: 3211: 3202: 3160:Super Powers Cup 3108: 3055: 3021: 3014: 3007: 2998: 2980: 2972: 2964: 2950: 2949: 2942: 2936: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2864: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2785: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2601: 2595: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2514: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2498:. 15 August 2018 2488: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2472:. 8 January 2014 2462: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2436: 2430: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2298: 2292: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2277:"Rugby Rankings" 2273: 2267: 2266: 2265:. 3 August 2019. 2259: 2253: 2252: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2225:. Archived from 2219: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2185: 2183: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2148:"Get Into Rugby" 2144: 2138: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2119: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2075: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2052: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2038:. Archived from 2028: 2022: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2002: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1976: 1970: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1951: 1945: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1925: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1874: 1868: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1848: 1839: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1798:boxscorenews.com 1790: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1765: 1759: 1758: 1751: 1745: 1744: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1723: 1717: 1716: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1695: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1645: 1639: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1615: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1595:. 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Archived from 1354: 1339: 1325: 1314: 1313: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1267: 1261: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1251:. 4 January 2017 1241: 550:East Asian Games 544:East Asian Games 365:The most recent 285:By participation 264:Leicester Tigers 70: 60: 48: 47:National team(s) 36: 18: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4202: 4174: 4142: 4133: 4114:Northern Cyprus 4100: 4093: 3835: 3830: 3800: 3795: 3763: 3757: 3663:Solomon Islands 3248: 3242: 3229: 3199: 3194: 3164: 3148: 3127: 3095: 3074: 3046: 3030: 3025: 2978: 2970: 2962: 2959: 2954: 2953: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2903: 2901: 2898:Punditarena.com 2892: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2875: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2851: 2849: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2787: 2786: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2708: 2707: 2703: 2693: 2691: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2667: 2665: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2621:. 6 April 2019. 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1901: 1897: 1887: 1885: 1876: 1875: 1871: 1861: 1859: 1850: 1849: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1802: 1800: 1792: 1791: 1787: 1777: 1775: 1767: 1766: 1762: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1743:. 31 July 2021. 1739: 1738: 1734: 1729:. 30 July 2021. 1725: 1724: 1720: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1682: 1680: 1672: 1671: 1667: 1657: 1655: 1653:Womenofchina.cn 1647: 1646: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1576: 1574: 1566: 1565: 1561: 1551: 1549: 1541: 1540: 1525: 1515: 1513: 1504: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1480: 1478: 1477:. 10 April 2018 1469: 1468: 1464: 1454: 1452: 1450:Telegraph.co.uk 1443: 1442: 1438: 1428: 1426: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1386: 1382: 1372: 1370: 1363:Telegraph.co.uk 1356: 1355: 1342: 1326: 1317: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1282: 1280: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1254: 1252: 1249:Theprovince.com 1243: 1242: 1235: 1230: 1205: 1183: 1164: 1158: 1130: 1122:Main articles: 1120: 1115: 1113:Related regions 1070: 1061: 1052: 1043: 1030: 1001: 992: 972: 967: 962: 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