748:
462:
pantheon, providing evidence of how all things good and bad were attributed to the agency of gods. Examples of such inscriptions referring to Ruda include, "by Ruda are we" and "by Ruda is weeping".
484:
was said to be known at the time. Al-Kalbi reports that some traditionists relate Ruda to a temple belonging to the Banu Rabi’ah ibn Sa’d ibn Zayd ibn Manat tribe. During the early days of
337:
684:
Ancient kingdoms of West Africa: African-centred and
Canaanite-Israelite perspectives : a collection of published and unpublished studies in English and French
793:
330:
732:
827:
323:
205:
35:
28:
714:
691:
673:
786:
698:
379:
in the early 7th century BCE. He served as a protective deity. According to modern scholarly interpretations, Ruda was a
527:
A trinity of gods representing the sun, moon and Venus is also found among the peoples of the South
Arabian kingdoms of
90:
779:
110:
817:
812:
451:
265:
395:
of his name gives the meaning "well disposed" an indication of his function as a protective deity.
822:
497:
471:
413:
369:
245:
728:
710:
687:
669:
521:
436:
417:
763:
528:
365:
175:
556:
361:
252:
155:
150:
500:-attested Yumu´il confederation of northern Arabian tribes, which he identifies with the
145:
440:
80:
806:
476:
115:
416:
from 681 to 669 BC. The name is transliterated into Latin script from the original
509:
130:
125:
543:
between the 9th and 4th centuries BC. There, the deity associated with Venus was
759:
501:
496:
Dierk Lange writes that Ruda formed part of a trinity of gods worshipped by the
55:
747:
517:
505:
409:
380:
376:
272:
240:
190:
170:
755:
552:
540:
513:
392:
232:
23:
165:
532:
307:
289:
185:
160:
120:
573:
568:
544:
536:
444:
432:
227:
220:
215:
95:
85:
70:
65:
50:
45:
447:, a protective deity for his worshippers from the 3rd millennium BC.
302:
284:
100:
60:
485:
354:
195:
135:
105:
75:
666:
Arabia and the Arabs: from the Bronze Age to the coming of Islam
578:
548:
459:
455:
428:
358:
297:
276:
180:
727:, translated by Faris, Nabih Amin, Princeton University Press,
260:
547:, the sun deity was Yam, and moon deity was variously called
627:
625:
623:
621:
767:
707:
The
Aramaeans: their ancient history, culture, religion
408:
The oldest reference to Ruda is found in the annals of
424:and he is mentioned among the gods of the Arabs.
599:
597:
595:
593:
787:
611:
609:
331:
8:
709:(Illustrated ed.), Peeters Publishers,
668:(Illustrated, reprint ed.), Routledge,
646:
644:
642:
640:
794:
780:
439:inscription, Arsu/Ruda is paired with the
338:
324:
18:
631:
357:that was of paramount importance in the
206:Arabian deities of other Semitic origins
589:
375:He is first mentioned in the annals of
204:
34:
7:
744:
742:
458:refer to Ruda and other gods of the
520:the main deity was associated with
504:. According to Lange, Ruda was the
454:inscription found in the region of
766:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
29:Religions of the ancient Near East
14:
746:
16:Moon deity of the Arab pantheon
1:
603:Lipinski, 2000, pp. 618-619.
488:, the temple was destroyed.
828:Middle East mythology stubs
754:This article relating to a
664:Hoyland, Robert G. (2001),
36:Pre-Islamic Arabian deities
844:
741:
364:of gods worshipped by the
705:Lipiński, Edward (2000),
650:Lange, 2004, pp. 268-269.
492:Scholarly interpretations
723:al-Kalbi, Ibn (2015),
615:Hoyland, 2001, p. 207.
682:Lange, Dierk (2004),
470:Ruda is mentioned in
452:ancient North Arabian
366:North Arabian tribes
686:, J.H.Röll Verlag,
472:Hisham ibn al-Kalbi
414:Neo-Assyrian Empire
412:who ruled over the
370:pre-Islamic Arabia
775:
774:
758:from the ancient
734:978-1-4008-7679-2
437:Palmyrene Aramaic
348:
347:
835:
796:
789:
782:
750:
743:
737:
719:
696:
678:
651:
648:
635:
629:
616:
613:
604:
601:
340:
333:
326:
312:
294:
281:
269:
257:
249:
237:
224:
19:
843:
842:
838:
837:
836:
834:
833:
832:
803:
802:
801:
800:
740:
735:
722:
717:
704:
699:at Google Books
694:
681:
676:
663:
659:
654:
649:
638:
630:
619:
614:
607:
602:
591:
587:
565:
494:
468:
406:
404:Pre-Islamic era
401:
389:
344:
315:
310:
292:
279:
263:
255:
243:
235:
218:
200:
111:Isāf and Nā'ila
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
841:
839:
831:
830:
825:
820:
815:
805:
804:
799:
798:
791:
784:
776:
773:
772:
756:myth or legend
751:
739:
738:
733:
720:
715:
702:
692:
679:
674:
660:
658:
655:
653:
652:
636:
617:
605:
588:
586:
583:
582:
581:
576:
571:
564:
561:
493:
490:
467:
464:
422:Ru-ul-da-a-a-ú
405:
402:
400:
397:
388:
385:
346:
345:
343:
342:
335:
328:
320:
317:
316:
314:
313:
305:
300:
295:
287:
282:
270:
258:
250:
248:and Palmyrene)
238:
230:
225:
212:
209:
208:
202:
201:
199:
198:
193:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
42:
39:
38:
32:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
840:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
797:
792:
790:
785:
783:
778:
777:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
752:
749:
745:
736:
730:
726:
725:Book of Idols
721:
718:
716:9789042908598
712:
708:
703:
700:
695:
693:9783897541153
689:
685:
680:
677:
675:9780415195355
671:
667:
662:
661:
656:
647:
645:
643:
641:
637:
634:, p. 25.
633:
632:al-Kalbi 2015
628:
626:
624:
622:
618:
612:
610:
606:
600:
598:
596:
594:
590:
584:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
566:
562:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
491:
489:
487:
483:
479:
478:
477:Book of Idols
473:
465:
463:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
435:, in a later
434:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
398:
396:
394:
386:
384:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
360:
356:
352:
341:
336:
334:
329:
327:
322:
321:
319:
318:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
291:
288:
286:
285:Inanna/Ishtar
283:
278:
274:
271:
267:
262:
259:
254:
251:
247:
242:
239:
234:
231:
229:
226:
222:
217:
214:
213:
211:
210:
207:
203:
197:
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
91:Dhu l-Khalasa
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
52:
49:
47:
44:
43:
41:
40:
37:
33:
30:
25:
21:
20:
818:Stellar gods
813:Arabian gods
768:expanding it
753:
724:
706:
683:
665:
657:Bibliography
526:
495:
481:
475:
469:
449:
426:
421:
407:
399:Attestations
390:
374:
350:
349:
280:(NW Semitic)
151:Shams, Samas
140:
22:Part of the
760:Middle East
502:Ishmaelites
480:. The name
466:Islamic era
311:(Palmyrene)
293:(Palmyrene)
256:(Palmyrene)
24:myth series
823:Lunar gods
807:Categories
585:References
518:Atarsamain
506:moon deity
433:Palmyrenes
431:among the
410:Esarhaddon
381:moon deity
377:Esarhaddon
298:Nabū, Nebo
241:Baalshamin
171:Theandrios
541:Hadramawt
514:sun deity
427:Known as
393:etymology
387:Etymology
246:Canaanite
233:Atargatis
221:Palmyrene
563:See also
498:Assyrian
482:Abd-Ruda
418:Akkadian
362:pantheon
308:Yarhibol
290:Malakbel
236:(Syrian)
176:al-‘Uzzá
574:Dushara
569:Orotalt
545:Astarte
537:Qataban
445:Resheph
228:Astarte
216:Aglibol
191:Yaghūth
96:Dushara
86:Basamum
71:Almaqah
66:Al-Qaum
731:
713:
690:
672:
516:, and
441:Syrian
303:Nergal
166:Ta'lab
101:Haukim
81:ʿAṯtar
61:Al-Lat
762:is a
533:Ma'in
529:Awsan
524:.
522:Venus
486:Islam
355:deity
353:is a
351:Ruḍāʾ
266:Egypt
196:Yatha
186:Ya'uq
161:Suwa'
136:Quzah
121:Manāt
116:Manaf
106:Hubal
76:Anbay
56:Abgal
764:stub
729:ISBN
711:ISBN
688:ISBN
670:ISBN
579:Arsu
555:and
549:Wadd
539:and
512:the
510:Nuha
460:Arab
456:Najd
443:god
429:Arsu
391:The
359:Arab
277:Ilah
181:Wadd
146:Sa'd
141:Ruda
131:Nuha
126:Nasr
51:A'ra
46:'Amm
557:Sin
553:Amm
474:'s
450:An
420:as
372:.
368:of
261:Bes
253:Bēl
156:Syn
809::
639:^
620:^
608:^
592:^
559:.
551:,
535:,
531:,
508:,
383:.
275:/
273:Ēl
26:on
795:e
788:t
781:v
770:.
701:)
697:(
339:e
332:t
325:v
268:)
264:(
244:(
223:)
219:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.