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The prayer depicts the diverse aspects of the
Almighty. The Shri Rudram hymn is unique in that it shows the presence of divinity throughout the entire universe. We cannot confine the qualities of the divine to those that are favourable to us. The Lord is both garden and graveyard, the slayer and the
923:
All this verily is Rudra. To Rudra who is such we offer our salutation. We salute again and again that Being, Rudra, who alone is the
Purusha and the Soul of creatures. The material universe, the created beings, and whatever there is manifoldly and profusely created, in the past and in the present,
754:.46, Rudra is described as armed with a bow and fast-flying arrows, although many other weapons are known to exist. As quoted by R. G. Bhandarkar, the hymn declare that Rudra discharges 'brilliant shafts which run about the heaven and the earth' (RV 7.46.3), which may be a reference to lightning.
757:
Rudra was believed to cure diseases, and when people recovered from them or were free of them, that too was attributed to the agency of Rudra. He is asked not to afflict children with disease (RV 7.46.2) and to keep villages free of illness (RV 1.114.1). He is said to have healing remedies (RV
1445:
by a prostitute who sleeps with three kinds of supernatural creatures, giving him three heads. His birth brings about plague and famine, so he is banished to a charnel ground, but he survives by devouring his mother's corpse and returns in order to conquer the world. Becoming the lover of the
222:, Rudra is praised as the "mightiest of the mighty". Rudra means "who eradicates problems from their roots". Depending upon the period, the name Rudra can be interpreted as 'the most severe roarer/howler' or 'the most frightening one'. This name appears in the
1086:. Maruts are 'storm gods' associated with the atmosphere. They are a group of gods whose number varies from two to sixty, sometimes also rendered as eleven, thirty-three or a hundred and eighty in number (i. e., three times sixty. See RV 8.96.8.).
744:('that god'). He is 'fierce like a terrific wild beast' (RV 2.33.11). Chakravarti sums up the perception of Rudra by saying: 'Rudra is thus regarded with a kind of cringing fear, as a deity whose wrath is to be deprecated and whose favor curried'.
1473:, who challenge Rudra with nine dances and battle him. Hayagriva turns diminutive and enters Rudra's anus, after which he becomes gigantic and destroys his body from inside out, submitting the demon and converting him to true dharma.
514:, where three entire hymns are devoted to him (RV 1.114, 2.33, and 7.46). Two further hymns are devoted to Rudra jointly with Soma (RV 1.43 and 6.74). There are about seventy-five references to Rudra in the Rigveda overall.
989:
The earth and the heaven (Svarga lOkam) are like the twin gods, Asvini Devas, who banish diseases and bless us with bhOgams; Asvini Devas are the protectors of the universe and their sankalpam (volition) never fails.
1486:
into his chest. He then devours Rudra, purifies him in his stomach and excretes him as a protector of dharma, who hands over his army of demons to
Vajrarakshasha as attendants. Other versions replace Hayagriva with
1601:
The third meaning of Rudra is Vayu or air that causes pain to the wicked on the account of their evil actions...... Vayu or air is called Rudra as it makes a person weep causing pain as a result of bad deeds
2707:
This revised edition updates H. H. Wilson's translation by replacing obsolete
English forms with more modern equivalents, giving the English translation along with the original Sanskrit text in
2695:. Parimal Sanskrit Series No. 45. Vol. Four volumes (2003 reprint). Sanskrit text, English translation, notes & index of verses (Second revised ed.). Delhi: Parimal Publications.
2926:
Lubin, Timothy (2007). "The Nīlarudropaniṣad and the
Paippalādasaṃhitā: A Critical Edition and Translation of the Upaniṣad and Nārāyaṇa's Dīpikā". In Griffiths, A.; Schmiedchen, A. (eds.).
3056:. The preface and introduction (in English) by Ram Karan Sharma provide an analysis of how the eight versions compare with one another. The text of the eight versions is given in Sanskrit.
1346:, which is a superlative meaning 'the most'. So Rudra, depending on the poetic situation, can mean 'the most severe roarer/howler' or a hurricane or tempest or 'the most frightening one'.
1330:
In the hymn, Rudra is described as the most dreaded terroriser (frightening). Shri Rudram describes Rudra the Vedic deity as the personification of 'terror'. The name Rudra comes from
1373:. The two names are used synonymously. Rudra, the god of the roaring storm, is usually portrayed in accordance with the element he represents as a fierce, destructive deity.
1249:
10. They have seen you descending, blue-necked, red: both the herdsmen have seen you, and the women fetching water you, and all beings you: Homage to you who are seen! ..."
502:
says Vishnu in the form of Rudra is the one who does the total destruction at the time of great dissolution. This is only the context known where Vishnu is revered as Rudra.
1162:, but, Ralph T. H. Griffith cites Ludwig as saying, 'This gives no satisfactory interpretation' and cites other views which suggest that the text is corrupt at that point.
2347:
The citation continues as follows: "This, Ludwig remarks, gives no satisfactory interpretation; but I am unable to offer anything better at present. Grassman alters
3838:
1437:
heaven. Or formerly a human monk of noble origin named
Koukuntri and then Tharpa Nakpo, who misunderstands dharma and engages in a life of vice and is condemned to
1407:) of Rudra, the "Hero on horseback" that "should be indulgent" to the singer (RV. 2.33.1). Whereas post-Vedic texts such as the Mahabharata and the Puranas mention
3016:
1388:
evidence. A god named Rudra is mentioned in the Rig Veda. The name Rudra is still used as a name for Shiva. In RV 2.33, he is described as the 'Father of the
2973:
1264:('kind') originated as a euphemistic epithet for Rudra, who is similarly invoked as Aghora ('not frightful') and Abhayaṅkara ('providing safety'). Although
758:
1.43.4), as the best physician of physicians (RV 2.33.4), and as possessed of a thousand medicines (RV 7.46.3). So he is described with an alternative name,
322:
as 'the wild one' or 'the fierce god'. R. K. Śarmā follows this alternative etymology and translates the name as 'the terrible' in his glossary for the
3130:
874:
We worship
Tryambaka, sweet augmenter of prosperity. As from its stem a cucumber, may I be freed from the bonds of death, not reft of immortality.
1246:
2. From the sky the mighty one has descended; he has taken his stand upon the earth. O people, look at him: the blue-necked, the red one. ...
3730:
3606:
1841:
2398:
3831:
3611:
498:
defined the name Rudra as 'One who makes all beings cry at the time of cosmic dissolution'. Author D. A. Desai in his glossary for the
1457:, who in a previous life was Tharpa Nakpo's master Thupka Zhonu, receives the mission to destroy Rudra, for which he is accompanied by
1450:
queen
Krodhishvari, he battles the gods, who are terrified of his extraordinary power and call the Buddhas and boddhisattvas for help.
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2051:
Shri Vishnu
Sahasranama: In Sanskrit with Phonetics and Brief English Translation Explaining Its Grandeur and Procedural Rituals Etc
2713:
822:
Another verse (Yajurveda 16.46) locates Rudra in the heart of the gods, showing that he is the inner Self of all, even the gods:
2056:
One who does this total destruction ( Pratardanah ) is the Lord in the form of Rudra at the time of great dissolution (Pralaya).
1476:
In another version, Hayagriva impersonates Rudra and impregnates
Krodishvari. As a result, he is reborn as the resultant child,
1268:
remains the primary designation of the god, e.g., in the Pāśupata ascetic tradition, lay devotees preferred to address him as
1089:
The Rudras are sometimes referred to as 'the sons of Rudra' while Rudra is referred to as 'Father of the Maruts' (RV 2.33.1).
3824:
3705:
2460:
4172:
4137:
3123:
343:
299:), which means 'to cry, howl'. The name Rudra may thus be translated as 'the roarer'. An alternative etymology interprets
3591:
3558:
2422:
288:
70:
4157:
2566:
The Sherpas of Nepal in the Tibetan Cultural Context: (The Tibetan Symbolic World : a Psychoanalytic Exploration)
420:
which means 'to injure' or 'to kill', and Śarmā uses that general sense in his interpretive translation of the name
3674:
3553:
4132:
3649:
3596:
3351:
3306:
747:
RV 1.114 is an appeal to Rudra for mercy, where he is referred to as 'mighty Rudra, the god with braided hair'.
4007:
3644:
3285:
3116:
1559:
1342:
could only be used as adjectives to Rudra and not as Rudra because Rudra is the personification of terror) and
4152:
4112:
4042:
3684:
3158:
1315:
who is omnipresent and manifests Himself in myriad forms for the sake of the diverse spiritual aspirants'.
847:, both Rig Veda (7.59.12) and Yajur Veda (3.60) recommend worshipping Rudra to attain moksha (liberation):
3679:
3654:
3601:
1369:
as known today shares many features with Rudra, and Shiva and Rudra are viewed as the same personality in
844:
108:
20:
1120:, earnestly invoked: may they convey us safe beyond evil. I propitiate with oblations the ramifications (
4167:
4127:
4091:
3735:
3664:
2863:
1482:
1319:
occurs in the fourth Kanda of the Taittiriya Samhita in the Yajurveda. It is a preeminent Vedic hymn to
335:
3026:Śivasahasranāmāṣṭakam : eight collections of hymns containing one thousand and eight names of Śiva
1354:
4162:
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4012:
4000:
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3358:
3223:
2174:
1466:
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2809:
The version provided by Chidbhavananda is from chapter 17 of the Anuśāsana Parva of the Mahābharata.
1470:
4147:
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3995:
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3629:
3292:
3149:
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1461:, himself a reborn Pramadeva or Denphak, Nakpo's servant and fellow disciple. They both assume the
1300:
1096:.40.5. Here is the reference to Rudra, whose name appears as one of many gods who are called upon:
439:
3801:
1243:
1. I saw you descending from the sky, down to earth; I saw Rudra shooting , blue-necked, crested.
796:
The strength of Godhead never departs from Rudra, him who is Sovereign of this world, the mighty.
4142:
3973:
3659:
3568:
3415:
3393:
3010:
2928:
The Atharvaveda and its Paippalāda Śākhā: Historical and Philological Papers on a Vedic Tradition
2818:
The Rig Veda: An Anthology : One Hundred and Eight Hymns, Selected, Translated and Annotated
2418:
2394:
1227:(PS 14.3–4). This selection, with further PS additions at the end, circulated more widely as the
499:
495:
487:
261:
1280:
1158:, meaning 'ramifications' or 'branches', is that all other deities are, as it were, branches of
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2001:
1995:
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1621:
1500:
1438:
1408:
1033:
The raised platform for the Yaagam, Yaaga meDai (Yajn~a Vedi) should be considered as a lady.
794:
With firm limbs, multiform, the strong, the tawny adorns himself with bright gold decorations:
404:
323:
223:
185:
76:
2526:
1913:
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1714:
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in the form of the world—all that is indeed this Rudra. Salutations be to Rudra who is such.
3990:
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Both of You stay steady as the Sooryan in the sky with equal, unique and alternating forms.
331:
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158:
1395:
Hymn 10.92 of the Rigveda states that the deity Rudra has two natures, one wild and cruel (
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339:
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96:
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380:. However, another reference states that Sayana suggested ten derivations. The adjective
2717:
1288:
1216:
ritual ('the piling of Agni'), and it later became a standard element in Rudra liturgy.
3874:
3669:
3276:
2968:
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1529:
1311:, states, 'Rudra to whom these prayers are addressed is not a sectarian deity, but the
1284:
1056:
Among your forms, one is the day with white hue, the other is the night with dark hue.
852:त्र्यम्बकं यजामहे सुगंधिं पुष्टिवर्धनम् उर्वारूकमिव बन्धनान् मृत्योर्मुक्षीय मा अमृतात।
45:
2168:
1415:
as the vehicles of Rudra and of Shiva, thereby unmistakably linking them as the same.
882:(10.24.1), Rudra is identified as the universal existent ('all this') and thus as the
736:
In the Rigveda, Rudra's role as a frightening god is apparent in references to him as
4106:
4086:
3573:
3545:
3452:
3176:
3090:
2931:
2813:
2359:: 'we with our offering approach the banquet of this swift-moving God, the bounteous
1429:
1323:
as the God of dissolution and it is chanted daily in Shiva temples throughout India.
950:
327:
120:
2228:
1868:
Sri Rudram and Purushasuktam, by Swami Amiritananda, pp. 9-10, Sri Ramakrishna Math.
1006:
BhU lOkam is the wife and the Heaven is the husband; they are united like a couple.
4071:
4022:
3869:
3498:
3473:
3372:
3344:
3299:
2300:, p. 804. For Rudra as the head of a host of "storm spirits, the Maruts" see:
2207:
1512:
800:
A verse of Śrī Rudram (= Yajurveda 16.18) speaks of Rudra as Lord of the Universe:
491:
350:, though they remind that the issue of the etymology remains problematic: from PIE
1041:
Thus we are instructed about the male-female aspects of the Earth and the Heaven.
3061:
2906:
2753:
2672:(fourth revised & enlarged ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers.
2641:
Ruthless Compassion: Wrathful Deities in Early Indo-Tibetan Esoteric Buddhist Art
2049:
2022:
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1594:
4027:
3956:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3896:
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3621:
3507:
3442:
3379:
1833:
The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World
1508:
1504:
1477:
1454:
1381:
1370:
1316:
1224:
310:
Stella Kramrisch notes a different etymology connected with the adjectival form
231:
213:
205:
137:
131:
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2708:
2428:
2404:
2186:
1212:
933:
929:
879:
720:
389:
3816:
403:) and the arrow is an essential attribute of Rudra. This name appears in the
4047:
3525:
3313:
3240:
3196:
3043:
2795:
Siva Sahasranama Stotram: With Navavali, Introduction, and English Rendering
1617:
Outlines Of The History Of Religion To The Spread Of The Universal Religions
1458:
1442:
1385:
1171:
1093:
771:
751:
701:
681:
659:
637:
615:
593:
571:
451:
277:
245:
236:
1239:, lightning is envisioned both as Rudra's arrows and as the deity himself:
2884:
2689:
2541:
The Tibetan Assimilation of Buddhism: Conversion, Contestation, and Memory
2360:
2354:
2348:
2328:
1960:
1480:. He takes over Rudra's realm and defeats him by plunging a three-pointed
1152:
1140:
1128:
1121:
1102:
914:
906:
898:
890:
865:
857:
469:
457:
433:
427:
421:
413:
397:
388:) in the sense of 'propitious' or 'kind' is first applied to the Rudra in
370:
3966:
3887:
3878:
3520:
3483:
3420:
3245:
3206:
3191:
3181:
3171:
3139:
2080:
For discussion of four Rigvedic hymns (1.43, 1.114, 2.33, and 7.46) see:
1549:
1488:
1447:
1359:
303:
as the 'red one', the 'brilliant one', possibly derived from a lost root
249:
241:
201:
143:
124:
1307:, in commentating on the foreword to Swami Amritananda's translation of
307:, 'red' or 'ruddy', or alternatively, according to Grassman, 'shining'.
4062:
4037:
3951:
3772:
3235:
3228:
1377:
1304:
1258:
883:
526:(RV) are verses which speak about the form of Rudra. Some of them are:
523:
511:
475:'eye'), or 'eye of Rudra', is used as a name for both the berry of the
281:
218:
61:
967:
This world is desired as a place of abode by thousands of Jeevaraasis
4076:
4017:
3767:
3755:
3425:
3328:
3324:
3213:
3186:
2591:
The Taming of the Demons: Violence and Liberation in Tibetan Buddhism
1389:
1206:
1159:
1083:
1079:
483:
411:
often in later languages. The word is derived from the Sanskrit root
369:
103:
27:
1022:
We have to consider Brhaspati and Rudran (aging here) as their sons
1696:
1694:
1441:. After 20.000 impure lives, he is eventually reborn as a demon in
510:
The earliest known mentions of the Vedic deity Rudra, occur in the
479:
and a name for a string of the prayer beads made from those seeds.
3250:
3166:
3052:, a dictionary of names. This work compares eight versions of the
2296:, vol. 2, p. 78. For Shiva as the head or father of the group see
1434:
1366:
1353:
1320:
1254:
1190:
16.1–14. This litany is subsequently referred to variously as the
783:
sthirebhiraṅghaiḥ pururūpa ughro babhruḥ śukrebhiḥ pipiśehiraṇyaiḥ
408:
355:
253:
227:
197:
88:
53:
1146:
have come down to our dwelling abounding with (sacrificial) food.
3978:
1543:
1412:
978:
The upper world is similarly desired by the thousands of Devas.
943:
209:
92:
57:
49:
3820:
3112:
1943:
1941:
1327:
most benevolent one. The Almighty is impartial and ubiquitous.
2758:(Third reprint ed.). Delhi: Asian Educational Services.
1291:. Those epithets come to be the primary names of the deity.
1078:
Rudra is used both as a name of Shiva and collectively ('the
909:
viśvaṃ bhūtaṃ bhuvanaṃ citraṃ bahudhā jātaṃ jāyamānaṃ ca yat
2093:
E.g., Rudra is also included in a litany given in RV 7.40.5.
1596:
The Rigveda, with Dayananda Saraswati's Commentary, Volume 1
774:.33.9) calls Rudra 'The Lord or Sovereign of the Universe' (
226:, and R. K. Sharma notes that it is often used as a name of
3108:
1092:
Rudra is mentioned along with a litany of other deities in
442:'Armed with a hand-full of arrows') also refer to archery.
176:
1916:; for the arrow as an "essential attribute" of Rudra, see
167:
1666:
1664:
1641:
Charles Russell Coulter; Patricia Turner (4 July 2013).
1599:. Sarvadeshik Arya Pratinidhi Sabha. 1974. p. 717.
426:
as 'One who can kill the forces of darkness'. The names
2244:
For the terms "Maruts" and "Rudras" as equivalent, see
1928:
1926:
1681:
1679:
1491:, an emanation that Vajrapani draws from his own anus.
787:īśānādasya bhuvanasya bhūrerna vā u yoṣad rudrādasuryam
2977:. Vol. 1 The Vedic Age. George Allen & Unwin.
2101:
2099:
1977:
1975:
1892:
1890:
1380:, which is dated to between 1700 and 1100 BC based on
1138:, bestow upon us the magnificence of his nature. The
216:. One translation of the name is 'the roarer'. In the
2986:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
2152:
2150:
407:, and R. K. Śarmā notes that it is used as a name of
2890:(new revised ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
2377:
2375:
2201:
2199:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1730:
1728:
1403:). The Vedic texts mention a horse as the vehicle (
1150:
One scholiast's interpretation of the Sanskrit word
936:
as Sons and companions of Bhumi (Earth) and Heaven:
173:
170:
164:
4061:
3905:
3858:
3748:
3693:
3620:
3582:
3544:
3506:
3497:
3466:
3403:
3323:
3275:
3157:
2687:Arya, Ravi Prakash; Joshi, Kireet L., eds. (2001).
2067:For the three Rigvedic hymns devoted to Rudra, see
1200:(because many of the verses commence with the word
161:
130:
116:
102:
84:
37:
3082:
2836:
2365:; i. e. come to offer him sacrificial food.'" in:
1219:A selection of similar stanzas is included in the
2735:The Origins and Development of Classical Hinduism
1433:, Rudra are devas (beings who live in heaven) at
3085:Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization
2755:Vaisnavism, Śaivism, and Minor Religious Systems
1751:For a full translation of the complete hymn see
1174:is included a litany of stanzas praising Rudra:
917:sarvo hyeṣa rudrastasmai rudrāya namo astu ॥ 1॥
868:urvārūkamiva bandhanān mṛtyormukṣīya mā amṛtāta
2789:(Second Revised Edition; Reprint, Delhi, 2002).
1721:. Islamic Books. p. 45. GGKEY:K8CQJCCR1AX.
1241:
1098:
1003:bhUmi: jAyA vyOma pati: taa mithunam aturyathu:
888:
849:
839:Salutations to him who is in heart of the gods.
825:
803:
2616:The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art
2485:For dating based on "cumulative evidence" see
1947:
449:can simply mean 'the number eleven'. The word
240:is dedicated to Rudra and is important in the
3832:
3124:
2797:(Third ed.). Sri Ramakrishna Tapovanam.
2543:. Oxford University Press. pp. 170–174.
1880:, p. 7. For the text of RV 10.92.9, see
1752:
1376:The oldest surviving text of Hinduism is the
986:bhujyU na asatyA viSvasya jagata: patI aSvinA
886:(Supreme Person or inner Self) of the Vedas:
860:tryambakaṃ yajāmahe sugaṃdhiṃ puṣṭivardhanam
287:is uncertain. It is usually derived from the
8:
2974:The History and Culture of the Indian People
2716:. Parimal Publications. 2004. Archived from
2447:Sri Sathya Sai Books & Publication Trust
16:Vedic storm and wind deity; epithet of Shiva
2733:Basham, A. L. (1989). Zysk, Kenneth (ed.).
2593:. Yale University Press. pp. 184–190.
2129:
2068:
1856:
1804:, p. 5 cites "rudra" in M. Mayrhofer,
1773:
1620:. Concept Publishing Company. p. 113.
1116:, uphold my acts, and the divine unopposed
3839:
3825:
3817:
3503:
3131:
3117:
3109:
3063:Śatarudrīya: Vibhūti of Śiva's Iconography
3015:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2953:. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
2775:The Concept of Rudra-Śiva Through The Ages
2737:. New York City: Oxford University Press.
2711:script, along with a critical apparatus.
2156:
1965:as “Armed with arrows in his hands”, see:
1535:, a genus of spiders named after the deity
1399:), and another that is kind and tranquil (
698:Who is of the form of the universe
318:(untamed) nature, and translates the name
244:sect. In the Prathama Anuvaka of Namakam (
69:
2614:John C. Huntington, Dina Bangdel (2003).
2568:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 153–155.
2522:
2510:
2335:
2314:
2293:
2269:
2117:
1997:The Om Mala: Meanings of the Mystic Sound
1917:
1909:
1881:
1877:
1801:
1785:
1735:
893:sarvo vai rudrastasmai rudrāya namo astu
2486:
2473:
2366:
2081:
1836:. Oxford University Press. p. 434.
1806:Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary
1734:For an overview of the Śatarudriya see:
1700:
1670:
1257:shares several features with Rudra. The
1108:, the leader of the rite, and the royal
938:
395:Rudra is called 'the archer' (Sanskrit:
2752:Bhandarkar, Ramakrishna Gopal (1995) .
2498:
2229:"SriHayagrivan – AruNa praSnam, vol. 2"
2141:
1908:For archer and arrow associations, see
1574:
740:('extremely terrifying'), or simply as
3008:
2643:. Serindia Publications. p. 216.
2618:. Serindia Publications. p. 335.
2403:Karthik Satchitanandam (9 July 2011).
2301:
2054:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 58.
2027:. Madathil Mammen Ninan. p. 378.
2000:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 248.
1685:
1581:
376:suggests six possible derivations for
34:
2381:
2334:as "ramifications" or "branches" see
2281:
2257:
2245:
2105:
1966:
1932:
1830:Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006).
1817:
1210:. This litany was recited during the
901:puruṣo vai rudraḥ sanmaho namo namaḥ
7:
2930:. (Indologica Halensis 11). Aachen:
2326:For the scholiast interpretation of
2297:
1981:
1896:
1334:, meaning 'Roar or howl' (the words
2860:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism
2405:"SHRI RUDRAM FROM YAJURVEDA (Full)"
1204:, meaning 'homage'), or simply the
818:Homage to the Lord of the Universe.
2949:Macdonell, Arthur Anthony (1996).
2187:"The Texts of the White Yajurveda"
1507:of Rudra in a composition titled '
1053:vAm anyat Sukram vAm anyat yajatam
843:In a verse popularly known as the
14:
2670:The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary
1994:Nityananda Misra (25 July 2018).
1170:In the various recensions of the
732:Epithets of fierceness and fright
3800:
3791:
3790:
3266:
157:
3066:. Delhi: Abhinav Publications.
2951:A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary
1644:Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities
1235:). Lubin suggests that in the
1050:śukraṃ vāmanyadyajataṃ vāmanyat
314:, which means 'wild', i.e., of
3093:: Princeton University Press.
2911:. Princeton University Press.
2881:Griffith, Ralph T.H. (1973) .
2843:. Cambridge University Press.
2793:Chidbhavananda, Swami (1997).
2777:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.
1064:vishurUpe ahanI dyau iva stha:
878:In the Taittiriya Aranyaka of
1:
2773:Chakravarti, Mahadev (1994).
2313:RV 7.40.4–5 as translated in
1061:viṣurūpe ahanī dyauriva sthaḥ
482:Rudra is one of the names of
342:deity Rŭglŭ to reconstruct a
252:(meaning 'mighty Shiva') and
2668:Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965).
2539:Matthew T. Kapstein (2002).
2427:Vasudev R (1 January 2012).
2084:, pp. 216, 364 note 50.
2021:M. M. Ninan (23 June 2008).
1309:Sri Rudram and Purushasuktam
1134:, the showerer of benefits.
1126:) of that divine attainable
932:1.10.1 identifies Rudra and
75:Rudra, from an 18th-century
2885:
2839:An Introduction to Hinduism
2690:
2639:Robert N. Linrothe (1999).
2361:
2355:
2349:
2329:
2024:The Development of Hinduism
1961:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1122:
1103:
928:The Taittiriya Aranyaka of
915:
907:
899:
891:
866:
858:
770:A verse from the Rig Veda (
470:
458:
445:In other contexts the word
434:
428:
422:
414:
398:
371:
4189:
3060:Sivaramamurti, C. (2004).
3024:Śarmā, Rāmakaraṇa (1996).
2984:Hinduism: Past and Present
2905:Kramrisch, Stella (1993).
2866:MA: Blackwell Publishing.
2858:Flood, Gavin, ed. (2003).
2170:The Hymns of the Rig Veda,
1392:', a group of storm gods.
601:हिरण्यम् इव रोचते
248:4.5), Rudra is revered as
25:
18:
3786:
3467:Festivals and observances
3307:Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta
3264:
3146:
3081:Zimmer, Heinrich (1972).
3028:. Delhi: Nag Publishers.
3001:Oberlies, Thomas (1998).
1279:('Great God'), as in the
1074:Relation to other deities
1045:
1026:
1005:
1002:
988:
985:
354:('rend, tear apart'; cf.
230:in later languages. The "
189:
112:Om Namo Bhagavate Rudraya
68:
42:
3726:Meenakshi Sundareshwarar
3286:Shvetashvatara Upanishad
2589:Jacob P. Dalton (2011).
2206:Subramania Sarma (ed.).
766:Epithets of supreme rule
26:Not to be confused with
3003:Die Religion des Rgveda
2982:Michaels, Axel (2004).
2564:Robert A. Paul (1989).
2336:Arya & Joshi (2001)
2315:Arya & Joshi (2001)
2294:Arya & Joshi (2001)
2118:Arya & Joshi (2001)
1882:Arya & Joshi (2001)
1082:') as the name for the
1019:putra: brhaspatI rudra:
975:param vyOma: sahasravrt
972:paraṃ vyŏmaḥ sahasravṛt
834:devānāṃ hṛdayabhyo namo
3607:Tiruvanaikaval (Water)
1363:
1251:
1148:
1016:putro bṛhaspatī rudraḥ
1011:mithunantā aturyathuḥ
1000:jāyā bhūmiḥ patirvyoma
926:
876:
845:Mahamrityunjaya Mantra
841:
828:देवानां हृदयभ्यो नमो ।
820:
109:Mahamrityunjaya Mantra
21:Rudra (disambiguation)
4092:Achintya Bheda Abheda
3602:Tiruvannamalai (Fire)
3054:Śivasahasranāmāstotra
2835:Flood, Gavin (1996).
2461:"Sanskrit Dictionary"
2208:"Taittiriya Aranyaka"
1948:Chidbhavananda (1997)
1357:
1299:The president of the
995:viśvasya jagataspatī
983:aśvinā bhujyū nāsatyā
964:yam bhUmi: sahasravrt
961:sahasravṛdiyaṃ bhūmiḥ
776:īśānādasya bhuvanasya
494:in his commentary to
4173:Mythological archers
4138:Sky and weather gods
3584:Pancha Bhuta Sthalam
2908:The Presence of Śiva
2431:– via YouTube.
2407:– via YouTube.
2175:Ralph T. H. Griffith
2048:D. A. Desai (1998).
1753:Sivaramamurti (2004)
1614:C. P. Tiele (2005).
1499:The 10th Sikh Guru,
1358:Three-headed Shiva,
1027:saramā iti strīpumam
956:English translation
942:Sanskrit Romanized (
812:jagatam pataye namaḥ
762:(Lord of Remedies).
295:(related to English
19:For other uses, see
3612:Kanchipuram (Earth)
3597:Tirukalahasti (Air)
3592:Chidambaram (Ether)
3293:Shivarahasya Purana
3050:Śivasahasranāmakoṣa
2934:. pp. 81–139.
2191:Ralph T.H. Griffith
1959:For translation of
1427:, according to the
1301:Ramakrishna Mission
1275:('Great Lord'), or
605:hiraṇyam iva rocate
560:tryambakaṃ yajāmahe
344:Proto-Indo-European
289:Proto-Indo-European
256:. Sadashiva is the
77:Assamese manuscript
4158:Time and fate gods
3906:Related traditions
3711:Kailash Mansarovar
3416:Pashupata Shaivism
3394:Hara Hara Mahadeva
2720:on 1 November 2012
2130:Chakravarti (1994)
2069:Chakravarti (1994)
1857:Chakravarti (1994)
1774:Chakravarti (1994)
1511:' in his book the
1364:
1233:Nīlarudra Upaniṣad
1221:Paippalāda-Saṃhitā
1188:Vājasaneyi-Saṃhitā
1184:Taittirīya-Saṃhitā
1176:Maitrāyaṇī-Saṃhitā
1166:Non-Rigvedic hymns
693:yajataṃ viśvarupam
500:Vishnu Sahasranama
496:Vishnu Sahasranama
488:Vishnu Sahasranama
246:Taittiriya Samhita
4100:
4099:
3884:Kumara Sampradaya
3866:Brahma Sampradaya
3814:
3813:
3744:
3743:
2883:the Hymns of the
2820:. Penguin Books.
2501:, pp. 221–3.
2443:"Vedam Tutorials"
2369:, p. 356, note 5.
2317:, pp. 243–4.
2157:Bhandarkar (1995)
2144:, pp. 224–5.
1884:, vol. 4, p. 432.
1843:978-0-19-929668-2
1501:Guru Gobind Singh
1411:the bull and the
1071:
1070:
806:जगताम् पतये नमः ।
727:
726:
717:Who is auspicious
556:त्र्यम्बकं यजामहे
405:Shiva Sahasranama
324:Shiva Sahasranama
224:Shiva Sahasranama
150:
149:
4180:
4133:Rigvedic deities
3893:Rudra Sampradaya
3859:Major traditions
3841:
3834:
3827:
3818:
3804:
3794:
3793:
3504:
3448:Siddha Siddhanta
3411:Shaiva Siddhanta
3338:Om Namah Shivaya
3270:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3110:
3104:
3088:
3077:
3047:
3020:
3014:
3006:
2997:
2978:
2964:
2945:
2922:
2901:
2888:
2877:
2854:
2842:
2831:
2808:
2788:
2769:
2748:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2714:"Rgveda-Samhita"
2706:
2693:
2683:
2655:
2654:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2536:
2530:
2523:Kramrisch (1993)
2520:
2514:
2511:Kramrisch (1993)
2508:
2502:
2496:
2490:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2415:
2409:
2408:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2324:
2318:
2311:
2305:
2291:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2270:Macdonell (1996)
2267:
2261:
2260:, pp. 45–6.
2255:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2184:
2178:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2121:
2120:, vol. 2, p. 81.
2115:
2109:
2103:
2094:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1936:
1930:
1921:
1918:Kramrisch (1993)
1910:Kramrisch (1993)
1906:
1900:
1894:
1885:
1878:Kramrisch (1993)
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1802:Kramrisch (1993)
1799:
1793:
1786:Kramrisch (1993)
1783:
1777:
1771:
1760:
1749:
1743:
1736:Kramrisch (1993)
1732:
1723:
1722:
1710:
1704:
1703:, p. 75, note 1.
1698:
1689:
1683:
1674:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1546:, Hindu wind god
1539:Rudra Sampradaya
1525:Rigvedic deities
1503:, describes the
1425:Tibetan Buddhism
1371:Hindu scriptures
1362:, 2nd century AD
1283:literature, the
1156:
1144:
1132:
1125:
1106:
939:
920:
912:
904:
896:
871:
863:
633:shines like Sun
611:shines like gold
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
530:
473:
461:
437:
431:
425:
417:
401:
374:
368:The commentator
361:, 'rustic'), or
234:" hymn from the
212:, medicine, and
196:associated with
191:
183:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
73:
35:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4082:Vishishtadvaita
4057:
3901:
3854:
3845:
3815:
3810:
3782:
3740:
3736:Vadakkum Nathan
3689:
3616:
3578:
3540:
3531:Madhyamaheshwar
3493:
3479:Maha Shivaratri
3462:
3399:
3352:Mahāmrityunjaya
3319:
3271:
3262:
3219:Ardhanarishvara
3153:
3142:
3137:
3107:
3101:
3080:
3074:
3059:
3036:
3023:
3007:
3000:
2994:
2981:
2969:Majumdar, R. C.
2967:
2961:
2948:
2942:
2925:
2919:
2904:
2898:
2880:
2874:
2857:
2851:
2834:
2828:
2812:
2805:
2792:
2785:
2772:
2766:
2751:
2745:
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2721:
2712:
2703:
2686:
2680:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2651:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2601:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2487:Oberlies (1998)
2484:
2480:
2476:, pp. 316.
2474:Michaels (2004)
2472:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2423:Wayback Machine
2416:
2412:
2402:
2399:Wayback Machine
2392:
2388:
2380:
2373:
2367:Griffith (1973)
2346:
2342:
2325:
2321:
2312:
2308:
2292:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2215:sanskritweb.net
2210:
2205:
2204:
2197:
2185:
2181:
2167:
2163:
2155:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2082:Michaels (2004)
2079:
2075:
2066:
2062:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2008:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1973:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1924:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1888:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1844:
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1828:
1824:
1816:
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1800:
1796:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1763:
1750:
1746:
1733:
1726:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1701:Griffith (1973)
1699:
1692:
1684:
1677:
1671:Majumdar (1951)
1669:
1662:
1655:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1521:
1497:
1430:Padma Thang Yig
1421:
1352:
1350:Rudra and Shiva
1297:
1180:Kāṭhaka-Saṃhitā
1168:
1076:
913:
905:
897:
864:
854:
836:
830:
823:
815:
808:
801:
798:
795:
791:
785:
768:
734:
689:यजतं विश्वरुपम्
649:sthīrebhiraṃgai
627:śukra iva sūryo
623:शुक्र इव सूर्यो
565:We worship the
549:
544:
540:Transliteration
539:
534:
520:
508:
432:('bowman') and
346:wild-god named
334:also mention a
274:
160:
156:
111:
80:
64:
56:, Destruction,
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4186:
4184:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4153:Destroyer gods
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4113:Forms of Shiva
4105:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4059:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4008:Radha-Vallabha
4005:
4004:
4003:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3890:
3881:
3875:Sri Sampradaya
3872:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3821:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3752:
3750:
3749:Related topics
3746:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3706:Brihadeeswarar
3703:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3665:Ramanathaswamy
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
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3604:
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3577:
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3518:
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3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3458:Shaiva Smartas
3455:
3450:
3445:
3443:Veera Shaivism
3440:
3438:Trika Shaivism
3435:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
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3355:
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3333:
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3321:
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3273:
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3253:
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3179:
3174:
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3155:
3154:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3138:
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3135:
3128:
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3113:
3106:
3105:
3099:
3078:
3072:
3057:
3034:
3021:
2998:
2992:
2979:
2971:, ed. (1951).
2965:
2959:
2946:
2940:
2923:
2917:
2902:
2896:
2878:
2872:
2855:
2849:
2832:
2826:
2816:, ed. (1981).
2814:Doniger, Wendy
2810:
2803:
2790:
2783:
2770:
2764:
2749:
2743:
2730:
2701:
2691:Ṛgveda Saṃhitā
2684:
2678:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2631:
2624:
2606:
2599:
2581:
2574:
2556:
2549:
2531:
2515:
2503:
2499:Doniger (1981)
2491:
2478:
2466:
2452:
2434:
2410:
2386:
2371:
2340:
2338:, p. 244.
2319:
2306:
2286:
2274:
2272:, p. 256.
2262:
2250:
2237:
2220:
2195:
2179:
2161:
2159:, p. 146.
2146:
2142:Doniger (1981)
2134:
2122:
2110:
2095:
2086:
2073:
2060:
2040:
2034:978-1438228204
2033:
2013:
2007:978-9387471856
2006:
1986:
1984:, p. 804.
1971:
1969:, p. 294.
1952:
1937:
1935:, p. 306.
1922:
1901:
1899:, p. 910.
1886:
1870:
1861:
1849:
1842:
1822:
1820:, p. 301.
1810:
1794:
1778:
1761:
1744:
1724:
1719:All Four Vedas
1705:
1690:
1688:, p. 181.
1675:
1673:, p. 162.
1660:
1654:978-1135963903
1653:
1633:
1627:978-8172681234
1626:
1606:
1586:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1557:
1547:
1541:
1536:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1496:
1493:
1420:
1417:
1351:
1348:
1296:
1293:
1285:Sanskrit epics
1253:The Hindu god
1167:
1164:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:iti strI pumam
1035:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:
992:
991:
987:
984:
980:
979:
976:
973:
969:
968:
965:
962:
958:
957:
954:
947:
792:
780:
767:
764:
733:
730:
729:
728:
725:
724:
718:
715:
710:
706:
705:
699:
696:
690:
686:
685:
679:
673:
668:
664:
663:
657:
651:
646:
642:
641:
635:
629:
624:
620:
619:
613:
607:
602:
598:
597:
591:
585:
580:
576:
575:
569:
567:three eyed one
563:
557:
553:
552:
547:
542:
537:
519:
516:
507:
506:Rigvedic hymns
504:
477:rudraksha tree
273:
270:
266:Siddhanta sect
194:Rigvedic deity
148:
147:
134:
128:
127:
118:
114:
113:
106:
100:
99:
86:
82:
81:
79:Ananda Patani.
74:
66:
65:
46:Auspiciousness
43:
40:
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4185:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4087:Shuddhadvaita
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
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3704:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Trimbakeshwar
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:Mahakaleshwar
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
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3628:
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3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3547:
3546:Pancha Sabhai
3543:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3499:Shiva temples
3496:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3453:Shiva Advaita
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3387:Shiva Mahimna
3384:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3359:Shiva Tandava
3356:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3304:
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3301:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3288:
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3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
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3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3177:Dakshinamurti
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3102:
3100:0-691-01778-6
3096:
3092:
3091:Princeton, NJ
3087:
3086:
3079:
3075:
3073:9788170170389
3069:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3035:9788170813507
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2993:0-691-08953-1
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2960:81-215-0715-4
2956:
2952:
2947:
2943:
2941:9783832262556
2937:
2933:
2932:Shaker Verlag
2929:
2924:
2920:
2918:0-691-01930-4
2914:
2910:
2909:
2903:
2899:
2897:81-208-0046-X
2893:
2889:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2873:1-4051-3251-5
2869:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2850:0-521-43878-0
2846:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2829:
2827:9780140444025
2823:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2804:81-208-0567-4
2800:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2784:81-208-0053-2
2780:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2765:81-206-0122-X
2761:
2757:
2756:
2750:
2746:
2744:0-19-507349-5
2740:
2736:
2731:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2702:9788171101405
2698:
2694:
2692:
2685:
2681:
2679:81-208-0567-4
2675:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2652:
2650:9780906026519
2646:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2625:9781932476019
2621:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2602:
2600:9780300153927
2596:
2592:
2585:
2582:
2577:
2575:9788120805682
2571:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2552:
2550:9780190288204
2546:
2542:
2535:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2489:, p. 158
2488:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2351:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2304:, p. 14.
2303:
2302:Basham (1989)
2299:
2295:
2290:
2287:
2284:, p. 46.
2283:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2248:, p. 46.
2247:
2241:
2238:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2108:, p. 73.
2107:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1950:, p. 33.
1949:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:, p. 32.
1919:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1713:A. B. Keith.
1709:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:Zimmer (1972)
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1650:
1647:. Routledge.
1646:
1645:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1584:, p. 15.
1583:
1582:Basham (1989)
1578:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:Vajrarakshasa
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:Supreme Being
1310:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
999:
998:
994:
993:
982:
981:
977:
974:
971:
970:
966:
963:
960:
959:
955:
953:) translation
952:
951:Harvard-Kyoto
948:
945:
941:
940:
937:
935:
931:
925:
921:
919:
918:
911:
910:
903:
902:
895:
894:
887:
885:
881:
875:
872:
870:
869:
862:
861:
855:
853:
848:
846:
840:
837:
835:
831:
829:
824:
819:
816:
813:
809:
807:
802:
797:
790:
788:
784:
779:
777:
773:
765:
763:
761:
755:
753:
748:
745:
743:
739:
731:
722:
719:
716:
714:
711:
708:
707:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
683:
680:
678:
674:
672:
669:
666:
665:
661:
658:
656:
652:
650:
647:
644:
643:
639:
636:
634:
630:
628:
625:
622:
621:
617:
614:
612:
608:
606:
603:
600:
599:
595:
592:
590:
586:
584:
581:
578:
577:
573:
570:
568:
564:
561:
558:
555:
554:
548:
543:
538:
533:
532:
529:
528:
527:
525:
518:Form of Rudra
517:
515:
513:
505:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
472:
466:
462:
460:
454:
453:
448:
443:
441:
436:
430:
424:
419:
416:
410:
406:
402:
400:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
373:
366:
364:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
279:
271:
269:
268:of Shaivism.
267:
263:
259:
258:Supreme Being
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
238:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
187:
181:
154:
146:
145:
140:
139:
135:
133:
129:
126:
122:
121:Bow and Arrow
119:
115:
110:
107:
105:
101:
98:
94:
90:
87:
83:
78:
72:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
4168:Fortune gods
4128:Hunting gods
4072:Dvaitadvaita
4065:Philosophies
4043:Swaminarayan
3944:
3870:Madhvacharya
3731:Tiruchengode
3635:Grishneshwar
3630:Bhimashankar
3622:Jyotirlingas
3474:Kanwar Yatra
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3345:Rudrashtakam
3343:
3336:
3312:
3305:
3300:Shiva Purana
3298:
3291:
3284:
3148:
3084:
3062:
3053:
3049:
3025:
3002:
2983:
2972:
2950:
2927:
2907:
2882:
2859:
2838:
2817:
2794:
2774:
2754:
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2718:the original
2688:
2669:
2640:
2634:
2615:
2609:
2590:
2584:
2565:
2559:
2540:
2534:
2518:
2513:, p. 7.
2506:
2494:
2481:
2469:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2429:"Sri Rudram"
2419:Ghostarchive
2417:Archived at
2413:
2395:Ghostarchive
2393:Archived at
2389:
2382:Lubin (2007)
2343:
2327:
2322:
2309:
2289:
2282:Flood (1996)
2277:
2265:
2258:Flood (1996)
2253:
2246:Flood (1996)
2240:
2223:
2214:
2182:
2169:
2164:
2137:
2132:, p. 8.
2125:
2113:
2106:Flood (2003)
2089:
2076:
2071:, p. 1.
2063:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2023:
2016:
1996:
1989:
1967:Śarmā (1996)
1955:
1933:Śarmā (1996)
1904:
1873:
1864:
1859:, p. 5.
1852:
1832:
1825:
1818:Śarmā (1996)
1813:
1805:
1797:
1781:
1776:, p. 4.
1747:
1718:
1715:"Yajur Veda"
1708:
1643:
1636:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1577:
1561:
1553:
1530:
1513:Dasam Granth
1498:
1481:
1475:
1452:
1428:
1422:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1386:philological
1375:
1365:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1308:
1298:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1218:
1211:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:Śatarudriyam
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1151:
1149:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1099:
1091:
1088:
1077:
927:
922:
916:
908:
900:
892:
889:
877:
873:
867:
859:
856:
851:
850:
842:
838:
833:
832:
827:
826:
821:
817:
811:
810:
805:
804:
799:
793:
789:(RV 2.33.9)
786:
782:
781:
775:
769:
759:
756:
749:
746:
741:
737:
735:
713:yebhiḥ śivaḥ
712:
692:
676:
670:
654:
653:Who is with
648:
645:स्थीरेभिरंगै
632:
626:
610:
604:
588:
582:
566:
559:
521:
509:
492:Adi Shankara
481:
468:
464:
456:
450:
446:
444:
412:
396:
394:
385:
381:
377:
367:
362:
358:
351:
347:
319:
315:
311:
309:
304:
300:
296:
292:
284:
275:
235:
217:
152:
151:
142:
136:
32:
4163:Animal gods
4118:Health gods
4028:Kabir panth
3957:Mahanubhava
3928:Pancharatra
3923:Vaikhanasas
3918:Bhagavatism
3897:Vishnuswami
3852:Vaishnavism
3848:Sampradayas
3778:Other names
3660:Omkareshwar
3645:Mallikarjun
3508:Panch Kedar
3380:Shri Rudram
3366:Sahasranama
2724:15 November
2298:Apte (1965)
1982:Apte (1965)
1897:Apte (1965)
1509:Rudra Avtar
1505:incarnation
1471:Vajravarahi
1455:Vajrasattva
1453:The Buddha
1419:In Buddhism
1317:Shri Rudram
1295:Shri Rudram
1225:Atharvaveda
760:Vaidyanatha
589:matted hair
545:Translation
455:(Sanskrit:
438:('archer',
340:Old Russian
291:(PIE) root
262:Paramashiva
232:Shri Rudram
138:Shri Rudram
85:Affiliation
4148:Death gods
4123:Hindu gods
4107:Categories
4033:Dadu panth
3986:Pushtimarg
3946:Krishnaism
3913:Historical
3761:Rasalingam
3685:Vishwanath
3680:Vaidyanath
3536:Kalpeshwar
3489:Shiva Puja
3404:Traditions
3202:Tatpurusha
2709:Devanagari
2661:References
1495:In Sikhism
1382:linguistic
1287:, and the
1281:Śivadharma
1213:Agnicayana
1186:4.5.1 and
1030:saramA iti
934:Brihaspati
930:Yajur Veda
880:Yajur Veda
742:asau devam
709:येभिः शिवः
677:multiforms
655:firm limbs
365:('howl').
336:comparison
4143:Wind gods
4048:Ayyavazhi
4013:Ramanandi
3991:Ekasarana
3940:Vadakalai
3721:Lingaraja
3716:Katas Raj
3655:Nageshvar
3640:Kedarnath
3526:Rudranath
3516:Kedarnath
3314:Tirumurai
3241:Kartikeya
3197:Sadyojata
3048:Includes
3011:cite book
3005:. Vienna.
1962:Bāṇahasta
1914:Chapter 2
1552:, Shinto
1483:khaṭvāṅga
1467:Hayagriva
1459:Vajrapani
1443:Sri Lanka
1435:Maheśvara
1273:Maheśvara
1237:Nīlarudra
1229:Nīlarudra
1172:Yajurveda
583:kapardine
452:rudraksha
440:literally
435:Bāṇahasta
338:with the
278:etymology
272:Etymology
264:, in the
237:Yajurveda
4001:Manipuri
3974:Sahajiya
3967:Haridasa
3935:Tenkalai
3888:Nimbarka
3879:Ramanuja
3796:Category
3701:Amarnath
3574:Chitiram
3569:Thamiram
3554:Rathinam
3521:Tungnath
3484:Pradosha
3421:Kapalika
3246:Devasena
3207:Vamadeva
3192:Nataraja
3182:Harihara
3172:Bhairava
3140:Shaivism
3044:36990863
2421:and the
2397:and the
1740:pp. 71–4
1560:Aeolus (
1556:of winds
1533:(spider)
1519:See also
1489:Ucchusma
1463:wrathful
1448:rakshasa
1378:Rig Veda
1360:Gandhara
1340:fearsome
1277:Mahādeva
1196:and the
675:Who has
671:pururupa
587:Who has
579:कपर्दिने
535:Sanskrit
459:rudrākṣa
254:Mahadeva
250:Sadasiva
242:Shaivite
214:the hunt
186:Sanskrit
144:Rig Veda
125:Trishula
4063:Vedanta
4053:Mahanam
4038:Pranami
4023:Balmiki
3996:Gaudiya
3952:Warkari
3773:Vibhuti
3670:Somnath
3373:Chalisa
3236:Ganesha
3229:Parvati
3159:Deities
3150:History
2527:p. 14–5
2177:(1896).
2173:trans.
1562:Odyssey
1336:dreaded
1305:Chennai
1289:Purāṇas
1259:theonym
1223:of the
1198:Namakam
1182:17.11,
1178:2.9.2,
1114:Aryaman
949:Roman (
884:Purusha
704:.33.10
695:
667:पुरुरुप
596:.114.1
574:.59.12
562:
524:Rigveda
522:In the
512:Rigveda
429:Dhanvin
392:.92.9.
348:*Rudlos
328:Mallory
282:theonym
280:of the
219:Rigveda
192:) is a
117:Weapons
62:Animals
44:God of
4077:Dvaita
4018:Kapadi
3806:Portal
3768:Siddha
3756:Lingam
3694:Others
3426:Aghori
3329:Stotra
3325:Mantra
3214:Shakti
3187:Ishana
3097:
3070:
3042:
3032:
2990:
2957:
2938:
2915:
2894:
2886:Ṛgveda
2870:
2864:Malden
2847:
2824:
2801:
2781:
2762:
2741:
2699:
2676:
2647:
2622:
2597:
2572:
2547:
2356:vayāma
2189:, tr.
2031:
2004:
1840:
1651:
1624:
1465:forms
1439:Naraka
1405:vahana
1390:Rudras
1207:Rudram
1160:Vishnu
1142:Aśvins
1104:Varuṇa
1084:Maruts
1080:Rudras
723:.92.9
684:.33.9
662:.33.9
640:.43.5
618:.43.5
550:Source
484:Vishnu
372:Sāyaṇa
359:rullus
352:*reud-
312:raudra
206:storms
200:, the
104:Mantra
60:, and
48:, the
28:Rudras
3564:Velli
3431:Kaula
3277:Texts
3258:Nandi
3251:Valli
3167:Shiva
2362:Viṣṇu
2353:into
2350:vayāḥ
2330:vayāḥ
2232:(PDF)
2211:(PDF)
1757:p. 13
1570:Notes
1550:Fūjin
1531:Rudra
1409:Nandi
1401:shiva
1397:rudra
1367:Shiva
1321:Shiva
1303:, at
1270:Śiva,
1266:Rudra
1255:Shiva
1202:namaḥ
1154:vayāḥ
1136:Rudra
1130:Viṣṇu
1123:vayāḥ
1118:Aditi
1110:Mitra
1100:This
738:ghora
721:RV 10
465:rudra
447:rudra
423:Śarva
409:Shiva
399:Śarva
390:RV 10
386:shiva
378:rudra
363:*reu-
356:Latin
332:Adams
320:Rudra
301:Rudra
285:Rudra
228:Shiva
198:Shiva
190:रुद्र
153:Rudra
132:Texts
89:Shiva
54:Death
38:Rudra
3979:Baul
3962:Sadh
3224:Sati
3095:ISBN
3068:ISBN
3040:OCLC
3030:ISBN
3017:link
2988:ISBN
2955:ISBN
2936:ISBN
2913:ISBN
2892:ISBN
2868:ISBN
2845:ISBN
2822:ISBN
2799:ISBN
2779:ISBN
2760:ISBN
2739:ISBN
2726:2012
2697:ISBN
2674:ISBN
2645:ISBN
2620:ISBN
2595:ISBN
2570:ISBN
2545:ISBN
2029:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1838:ISBN
1790:p. 5
1649:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1554:Kami
1544:Vayu
1469:and
1413:zebu
1384:and
1262:Śiva
1231:(or
1112:and
1094:RV 7
944:IAST
772:RV 2
752:RV 7
702:RV 2
682:RV 2
660:RV 2
638:RV 1
631:Who
616:RV 1
609:Who
594:RV 1
572:RV 7
471:akṣa
467:and
415:śarv
382:śiva
330:and
316:rude
305:rud-
297:rude
293:rud-
276:The
210:Vayu
202:wind
97:Deva
93:Vayu
58:Time
50:Wind
3895:of
3886:of
3877:of
3868:of
3850:of
3559:Pon
1423:In
1344:dra
1338:or
778:):
750:In
486:in
204:or
4109::
3089:.
3038:.
3013:}}
3009:{{
2862:.
2525:,
2445:.
2425::
2401::
2374:^
2213:.
2198:^
2193:,
2149:^
2098:^
1974:^
1940:^
1925:^
1912:,
1889:^
1788:,
1764:^
1755:,
1738:,
1727:^
1717:.
1693:^
1678:^
1663:^
1515:.
1332:ru
814:।
490:.
463:=
326:.
260:,
208:,
188::
184:;
141:,
123:,
95:,
91:,
52:,
3840:e
3833:t
3826:v
3327:/
3132:e
3125:t
3118:v
3103:.
3076:.
3046:.
3019:)
2996:.
2963:.
2944:.
2921:.
2900:.
2876:.
2853:.
2830:.
2807:.
2787:.
2768:.
2747:.
2728:.
2705:.
2682:.
2653:.
2628:.
2603:.
2578:.
2553:.
2529:.
2463:.
2449:.
2384:.
2234:.
2217:.
2037:.
2010:.
1846:.
1808:.
1792:.
1759:.
1742:.
1657:.
1630:.
1602:.
1564:)
946:)
418:-
384:(
180:/
177:ə
174:r
171:d
168:ʊ
165:r
162:ˈ
159:/
155:(
30:.
23:.
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