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808:. Griswold, however, was paid more and given more editorial control of the magazine than Poe. Shortly after, Poe began presenting a series of lectures called "The Poets and Poetry of America", the first of which was given in Philadelphia on November 25, 1843. Poe openly attacked Griswold in front of his large audience and continued to do so in similar lectures. Graham said that during these lectures, Poe "gave Mr. Griswold some raps over the knuckles of force sufficient to be remembered". In a letter dated January 16, 1845, Poe tried to reconcile with Griswold, promising him that his lecture now omitted all that Griswold found objectionable.
832:, it was soon republished many times. Here he asserted that "few will be grieved" by Poe's death as he had few friends. He claimed that Poe often wandered the streets, either in "madness or melancholy", mumbling and cursing to himself, was easily irritated, was envious of others, and that he "regarded society as composed of villains". Poe's drive to succeed, Griswold wrote, was because he sought "the right to despise a world which galled his self-conceit". Much of this characterization of Poe was copied almost verbatim from that of the fictitious Francis Vivian in
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Charlotte's home town, and lived under the same roof, albeit sleeping in separate rooms. Neither of the two was happy with the situation, and at the end of April 1846, she had a lawyer write a contract "to separate, altogether and forever, ... which would in effect be a divorce". The contract forbade
Griswold from remarrying and paid him $ 1,000 (~$ 33,911 in 2023) for expenses in exchange for his daughter Caroline staying with the Myers family. After this separation, Griswold immediately moved back to Philadelphia.
878:, edited a posthumous collection of Poe's works published in three volumes starting in January 1850. He did not share the profits of his edition with Poe's surviving relatives. This edition included a biographical sketch titled "Memoir of the Author" which has become notorious for its inaccuracy. The "Memoir" depicts Poe as a madman, addicted to drugs and chronically drunk. Many elements were fabricated by Griswold using forged letters as evidence and it was denounced by those who knew Poe, including
156:. He produced revised versions and similar anthologies for the remainder of his life, although many of the poets he promoted have since faded into obscurity. Many writers hoped to have their work included in one of these editions, although they commented harshly on Griswold's abrasive character. Griswold was married three times: his first wife died young, his second marriage ended in a public and controversial divorce, and his third wife left him after the previous divorce was almost repealed.
539:. He ended his review with a phrase in Latin referring to "that horrible sin, among Christians not to be named", the stock phrase long associated with Christian condemnations of sodomy, referring in this instance to homosexual, rather than heterosexual sodomy. Griswold was the first person in the 19th century to publicly point to and stress the theme of erotic desire and acts between men in Whitman's poetry. More attention to that aspect of Whitman's poetry surfaced late in the 19th century.
789:", and "The Sleeper". In November of this year, Poe, who previously praised Griswold in his "Autography" series as "a gentleman of fine taste and sound judgment", wrote a critical review of the anthology, on Griswold's behalf. Griswold paid Poe for the review and used his influence to have it published in a Boston periodical. The review was generally favorable, but Poe questioned the inclusion of certain authors and the omission of others. Poe also said that Griswold "unduly favored"
502:, the first of many he would have for the remainder of his life. One seizure caused him to fall out of a ferry in Brooklyn and nearly drown. He wrote to publisher James T. Fields: "I am in a terrible condition, physically and mentally. I do not know what the end will be ... I am exhausted—betwixt life and death—and heaven and hell." In 1849, he was further troubled when Charles Fenno Hoffman, with whom he had become good friends, was committed to an insane asylum.
535:, declaring: "It is impossible to image how any man's fancy could have conceived such a mass of stupid filth". Griswold charged that Whitman was guilty of "the vilest imaginings and shamefullest license", a "degrading, beastly sensuality." Referring to Whitman's poetry, Griswold said he left "this gathering of muck to the laws which ... must have the power to suppress such gross obscenity." Whitman later included Griswold's review in a new edition of
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choice of authors, however, was occasionally questioned. A British editor reviewed the collection and concluded, "with two or three exceptions, there is not a poet of mark in the whole Union" and referred to the anthology as "the most conspicuous act of martyrdom yet committed in the service of the transatlantic muses". Even so, the book was popular and was continued in several editions after
Griswold's death by Richard Henry Stoddard.
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leave her side for 30 hours. When fellow passengers urged him to try to sleep, he answered by kissing her dead lips and embracing her, his two children crying next to him. He refused to leave the cemetery after her funeral, even after the other mourners had left, until forced to do so by a relative. He wrote a long poem in blank verse dedicated to
Caroline, titled "Five Days", which was printed in the
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718:, was created specifically for that purpose. His knowledge in American poetry was emphasized by his claim that he had read every American poem published before 1850—an estimated 500 volumes. "He has more literary patriotism, if the phrase be allowable ... than any person we ever knew", wrote a contributor to
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his guardian John Allan's second wife. Even so, Griswold's attempts only drew attention to Poe's work; readers were thrilled at the idea of reading the works of an "evil" man. Griswold's characterization of Poe and the false information he originated appeared consistently in Poe biographies for the next two decades.
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in all things the most admirable woman I ever knew", he wrote to publisher James T. Fields in 1848. Osgood responded by dedicating a collection of her poetry to
Griswold "as a souvenir of admiration for his genius, of regard for his generous character, and of gratitude for his valuable literary counsels".
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poetry by
American women. He believed that women were incapable of the same kind of "intellectual" poetry as men and believed they needed to be divided: "The conditions of aesthetic ability in the two sexes are probably distinct, or even opposite", he wrote in his introduction. The selections he chose for
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On August 20, 1845, Griswold married
Charlotte Myers, a Jewish woman; she was 42 and he was 33. Griswold had been pressured into the marriage by the woman's aunts despite his concern about their difference in religious beliefs. This difference was strong enough that one of Griswold's friends referred
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were not necessarily the greatest examples of poetry but instead were chosen because they emphasized traditional morality and values. The same year, Griswold began working on what he considered "the maximum opus of his life", an extensive biographical dictionary. Although he worked on it for several
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Today
Griswold's name is usually associated with Poe's as a character assassin, but not all believe that Griswold deliberately intended to cause harm. Some of the information that Griswold asserted or implied was that Poe was expelled from the University of Virginia and that Poe had tried to seduce
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in the mid to late 1840s. While both she and Poe were still married to their respective spouses, the two carried on a public flirtation that resulted in much gossip among the literati. Griswold, who was smitten with Osgood, escorted her to literary salons and became her staunchest defender. "She is
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she was riding on had fallen off a drawbridge into a river. When
Griswold arrived, he saw 49 corpses in a makeshift morgue. Emily had been pronounced dead when pinned underwater but a doctor was able to revive her. On February 24, 1856, the divorce appeal went to court, with Ellet and Stephens
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Ellet and
Stephens continued writing to Griswold's ex-wife, urging her to have the divorce repealed. Myers was convinced and filed in Philadelphia on September 23, 1853. The court, however, had lost records of the divorce and had to delay the appeal. Adding to Griswold's troubles, that fall, a gas
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A contemporary editor said of him: "He takes advantage of a state of things which he declares to be 'immoral, unjust and wicked,' and even while haranguing the loudest, is purloining the fastest." Even so, he was chosen to represent the publishing industry before
Congress in the spring of 1844 to
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questioned Griswold's sincerity, saying he "should have loved ... better than to say it". By the 1850s, Griswold's literary nationalism had subsided somewhat, and he began following the more popular contemporary trend of reading literature from England, France, and Germany. He disassociated
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on January 28, 1843, but believed to have been written by Poe, asked: "What will be fate? Forgotten, save only by those whom he has injured and insulted, he will sink into oblivion, without leaving a landmark to tell that he once existed; or if he is spoken of hereafter, he will be quoted as the
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helped him become known as a literary dictator, whose approval writers sought even while they feared his growing power. Even as they tried to impress him, however, several authors voiced their opinion on Griswold's character. Ann S. Stephens called him two-faced and "constitutionally incapable of
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has been nicknamed a "graveyard of poets" because its anthologized writers have since passed into obscurity to become, as literary historian Fred Lewis Pattee wrote, "dead ... beyond all resurrection". Pattee also called the book a "collection of poetic trash" and "voluminous worthlessness".
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said, it was expected Griswold's book would "become incorporated into the permanent undying literature of our age and nation". The anthology helped Griswold build up a considerable reputation throughout the 1840s and 1850s and its first edition went through three printings in only six months. His
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Griswold claimed that "among the last requests of Mr. Poe" was that he become his literary executor "for the benefit of his family". Griswold claimed that Poe's aunt and mother-in-law Maria Clemm said Poe had made such a statement on June 9, 1849, and that she herself released any claim to Poe's
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explains, incapable of having sex. Griswold considered the marriage void and no more valid "than there would have been had the ceremony taken place between parties of the same sex, or where the sex of one was doubtful or ambiguous". Still, the couple moved together to Charleston, South Carolina,
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On November 6, 1842, Griswold visited his wife in New York after she had given birth to their third child, a son. Three days later, after returning to Philadelphia, he was informed that both she and the infant had died. Deeply shocked, Griswold traveled by train alongside her coffin, refusing to
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wrote to Myers urging her not to grant the divorce, and to McCrillis not to marry him. To convince Myers to agree to the divorce, Griswold allowed her to keep his daughter Caroline if she signed a statement that she had deserted him. She agreed, and the divorce was made official December 18; he
551:, Griswold pursued a relationship with Harriet McCrillis. He originally did not want to divorce Charlotte Myers because he "dreaded the publicity" and because of her love for his daughter. He applied for divorce at the Court of Common Pleas in Philadelphia on March 25, 1852. Elizabeth Ellet and
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A few years later, Griswold moved back to New York City, leaving his younger daughter in the care of the Myers family and his elder daughter, Emily, with relatives on her mother's side. He had by now earned the nickname "Grand Turk", and in the summer of 1847, made plans to edit an anthology of
581:, a friend and writer, suggested that the interference of Elizabeth Ellet had exacerbated Griswold's condition and that she "goaded Griswold to his death". At the time of his death, the sole decorations found in his room were portraits of himself, Frances Osgood, and Poe. A friend,
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Griswold married Caroline on August 12, 1837, and the couple had two daughters. Following the birth of their second daughter, Griswold left his family behind in New York and moved to Philadelphia. His departure on November 27, 1840 was by all accounts abrupt, leaving his job with
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Griswold biographer Joy Bayless wrote that Griswold used a pseudonym not to conceal his relationship to the obituary but because it was his custom never to sign his newspaper and his magazine contributions. Regardless, Griswold's true identity was soon revealed. In a letter to
886:, and George Rex Graham. In March, Graham published a notice in his magazine accusing Griswold of betraying trust and taking revenge on the dead. "Mr. Griswold", he wrote, "has allowed old prejudices and old enmities to steal ... into the coloring of his picture."
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Griswold considered himself an expert in American poetry and was an early proponent of its inclusion on the school curriculum. He also supported the introduction of copyright legislation, speaking to Congress on behalf of the publishing industry, but he was not above
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He moved to New York City in 1836. and in March of this year, was introduced to 19-year-old Caroline Searles, whom he later married. He was employed as an editor for various publications in the New York area. In October, he considered running for office as a
438:, though it mixes historical fact with apocryphal legend until one is indistinguishable from the other. During this period, Griswold occasionally offered his services at the pulpit delivering sermons and he may have received an honorary doctorate from
232:. Griswold lived with Foster until he was 17, and the two may have had a romantic relationship. When Griswold moved away, Foster wrote to him begging him to return, signing his letter "come to me if you love me". Griswold attempted to enroll at the
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which directly responded to Griswold's accusations. He said that Griswold "is not only incompetent to Edit any of works, but totally unconscious of the duties which he and every man who sets himself up as a Literary Executor, owe the dead".
797:" in a letter to a friend. In another letter, this time to fellow writer Frederick W. Thomas, Poe suggested that Griswold's promise to help get the review published was a bribe for a favorable review, knowing Poe needed the money.
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providing lengthy testimony against Griswold's character. Neither Griswold nor Myers attended, and the appeal was dismissed. Embarrassed by the ordeal, McCrillis left Griswold in New York and moved in with family in Bangor, Maine.
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likely never saw Myers or his daughter again. McCrillis and Griswold were married shortly thereafter on December 26, 1852, and settled at 196 West Twenty-third Street in New York. Their son, William, was born on October 9, 1853.
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to his wife only as "the little Jewess". On their wedding night, he discovered that she was, according to Griswold biographer Joy Bayless, "through some physical misfortune, incapable of being a wife" or, as Poe biographer
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will be rabid". In preparing his anthologies, Griswold wrote to the living authors whose work he was including to ask their suggestions on which poems to include as well as to gather information for a biographical sketch.
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wrote in 1847 that Griswold fished for writers to exploit, warning "the poor little innocent fishes" to avoid his "Griswold Hook". A review of one of Griswold's anthologies, published anonymously in the Philadelphia
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before being buried on July 12, 1865, without a headstone. Although his library of several thousand volumes was auctioned, raising over $ 3,000 (~$ 46,787 in 2023) to be put toward a monument, none was commissioned.
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speaking the truth". Even his friends knew him as a consummate liar and had a saying: "Is that a Griswold or a fact?" Another friend once called him "one of the most irritable and vindictive men I ever met". Author
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leak in his home caused an explosion and a fire. He was severely burned, losing his eyelashes, eyebrows, and seven of his finger nails. The same year, his 15-year-old daughter, Emily, nearly died in Connecticut.
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wrote "Griswold was about as devious as they came in this era of deviousness; did not ample documentation prove that he actually existed, we might suppose him ... one of the less plausible inventions of
162:, whose poetry had been included in Griswold's anthology, published a critical response that questioned which poets were included. This began a rivalry which grew when Griswold succeeded Poe as editor of
426:(1844). His poems, with titles such as "The Happy Hour of Death", "On the Death of a Young Girl", and "The Slumber of Death", emphasized mortality and mourning. Another collection of his poetry,
372:) under the pen name William Landor. Wallace declined to be included in the anthology but the two became friends, exchanging many letters over the years. Wallace eventually ghostwrote Griswold's
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was his closest next of kin. Although Griswold had acted as a literary agent for other American writers, it is unclear if Poe really appointed Griswold his executor (perhaps as part of his "
221:. As a child, Griswold was complex, unpredictable, and reckless. He left home when he was 15, calling himself a "solitary soul, wandering through the world, a homeless, joyless outcast".
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Griswold continued editing and contributing literary criticism for various publications, both full-time and freelance, including 22 months from July 1, 1850, to April 1, 1852, with
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noted that Griswold researched literature like "a kind of naturalist whose subjects are authors, whose memory is a perfect fauna of all flying and creeping things that feed on ink."
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298:, cut off a lock of her hair, kissed her on the forehead and lips, and wept for several hours, staying by her side until a friend found him 30 hours later.
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Publicly, Griswold supported the establishment of international copyright, but he often duplicated entire works during his time as an editor, particularly with
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writers. Griswold had expected more praise, and Poe privately told others he was not particularly impressed by the book, even calling it "a most outrageous
871:"), if it were a trick on Griswold's part, or a mistake on Maria Clemm's. It is also possible that Osgood persuaded Poe to name Griswold as his executor.
390:. The prose collection earned Griswold a rivalry with the two men, which Griswold expected. As it was being published, Griswold wrote to Boston publisher
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on November 16, 1842. Griswold had difficulty believing she had died and often dreamed of their reunion. Forty days after her entombment, he entered her
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to Griswold, dated October 20, 1849, although there are no signed witnesses. Clemm, however, had no right to make such a decision; Poe's younger sister
217:. He was the twelfth of fourteen children and his father was a farmer and shoemaker. In 1822, the family sold the Benson farm and moved to nearby
585:, found in Griswold's desk several documents attacking a number of authors which Griswold was preparing for publication. Leland decided to burn them.
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781:. At the outset, their relationship was cordial, at least superficially. In a letter dated March 29, 1841, Poe sent Griswold several poems for
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Griswold was one of the early proponents of teaching schoolchildren American poetry in addition to English poetry. One of his anthologies,
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anthology, writing that he would be proud to see "one or two of them in the book". Griswold included three of these poems: "Coliseum", "
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but did not receive the party's support. In 1837, he was licensed as a Baptist clergyman, but he never had a permanent congregation.
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Within the contemporary American literary scene Griswold became known as erratic, dogmatic, pretentious, and vindictive. Historian
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dated December 17, 1849, he admitted his role in writing Poe's death notice. "I was not his friend, nor was he mine", he wrote.
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the copyright of other people's work. A fellow editor remarked "even while haranguing the loudest, is purloining the fastest".
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339:. Hoffman, a close friend, was allotted twice as much space as any other author. Griswold oversaw many anthologies, including
722:. "Since the Pilgrims landed, no man or woman has written anything on any subject which has escaped his untiring research."
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828:, Griswold prepared an obituary signed with the pseudonym Ludwig. First printed in the October 9, 1849, issue of the
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228:, and lived with a 22-year-old flute-playing journalist named George C. Foster, a writer best known for his work
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in 1830, but was not allowed to take any classes after he was caught attempting to play a prank on a professor.
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commented that "the thought seems to have entered and taken possession of (Griswold's) mind with the force of
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and exhaustion, rarely leaving his apartment at New York University, and was unable to write without taking
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and began to build his reputation as a literary critic, becoming known for his savagery and vindictiveness.
260:. This publication purposefully targeted locals for what was later remembered as merely malicious critique.
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146:, New York City, and elsewhere. He built a strong literary reputation, in part due to his 1842 collection
486:, and was angered when she did not acknowledge his assistance in the book. In July 1848, he visited poet
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Another source of animosity between the two men was their competition for the attention of the poet
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152:. This anthology, the most comprehensive of its time, included what he deemed the best examples of
180:, he began a campaign to harm Poe's reputation that lasted until his own death eight years later.
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142:, Griswold left home when he was 15 years old. He worked as a journalist, editor, and critic in
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edited its first edition, released in the fall of 1844. For a time, Griswold was editor of the
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himself from the "absurd notion ... that we are to create an entirely new literature".
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2129:, edited by Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society, 1990: 24.
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442:, a Baptist institution in Illinois, leading to his nickname the "Reverend Dr. Griswold".
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256:, Griswold moved to Syracuse, New York, where he started a newspaper with friends titled
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382:, published in 1847, was prepared specifically to compete with a similar anthology by
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282:, and his library of several thousand volumes. He joined the staff of Philadelphia's
434:, was published in 1854. The book is meant to cover events during the presidency of
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2652:(Cambridge, Mass., 1898), edited by his son William McCrillis Griswold (1853–1899)
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331:. Griswold's collection featured poems from over 80 authors, including 17 by
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The Raven and the Whale: The War of Words and Wits in the Era of Poe and Melville
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at a salary higher than Poe's. Later, the two competed for the attention of poet
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Making the relationship more strained, only months later, Griswold was hired by
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Griswold was born to Rufus and Deborah (Wass) Griswold on February 13, 1815, in
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in 1849, Griswold wrote an unsympathetic obituary. Claiming to be Poe's chosen
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The American Adam: Innocence, Tragedy, and Tradition in the Nineteenth Century
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The Cryptographic Imagination: Secret Writing from Edgar Poe to the Internet
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Griswold's funeral was held on August 30. His pallbearers included Leland,
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Omans, Glen A. "Poe and Washington Allston: Visionary Kin", collected in
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No records from the college authenticating this claim exist. Bayless, 274
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Poe's Literary Battles: The Critic in the Context of His Literary Milieu
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years and even advertised for it, he never produced it. He also helped
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Passages from the Correspondence and Other Papers of Rufus W. Griswold
2579:(Paperback ed.). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
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1092:. Rutland, VT: Griswold Family Association of America. p. 131.
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The Republican Court or, American Society in the Days of Washington
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The Republican Court or, American Society in the Days of Washington
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Between 1842 and 1845, while Griswold was collecting material for
343:, which collected memoirs of "eminent persons recently deceased",
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600:. His remains were left for eight years in the receiving tomb of
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Wallace, Horace Binney, 1817–1852: Criticism and Interpretation
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Wallace, Horace Binney, 1817–1852: Criticism and Interpretation
2477:(Hardcover ed.). Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.
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works. And indeed a document exists in which Clemm transfers
2486:(Paperback ed.). New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc.
1163:, Kevin J. Hayes, ed. Cambridge University Press, 2002: 26.
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in Providence, Rhode Island, but he had been suffering with
2303:. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972: 14.
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In any case, Griswold, along with James Russell Lowell and
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was the most comprehensive of its kind to date. As critic
2557:(Paperback ed.). Southern Illinois University Press.
1884:. Volume II. Chicago: The John C. Winston Co., 1926: 1575
1639:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1977: 70–71.
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The Poets and Poetry of England in the Nineteenth Century
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The flocks whom he first plucks alive, and then feeds on—
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The Works of the Late Edgar Allan Poe (Griswold Edition)
2570:(Hardback ed.). New York: Cooper Square Publishers.
1479:. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co., 1906: 298.
2499:(Paperback ed.). University of California Press.
1659:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1978: 73.
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A loud-cackling swarm, in whose feathers warm dressed,
134:(February 13, 1815 – August 27, 1857) was an American
2518:(Paperback ed.). New York: Cooper Square Press.
2098:. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 1962: 303.
2085:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1955: 81.
1757:(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005), 105–106
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Young America: The Flowering of Democracy in New York
525:, Griswold anonymously reviewed the first edition of
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In 1842, Griswold released his 476-page anthology of
172:. They never reconciled their differences, and after
2069:. New York: E.P. Dutton and Company, Inc., 1952: 520
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Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance
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The First Century of American Literature: 1770–1870
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But stay, here comes Tityrus Griswold, and leads on
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2605:(Paperback ed.). New York: Harper-Perennial.
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2198:. New York: Russell & Russell, Inc., 1962: 67.
2194:Campbell, Killis. "The Poe-Griswold Controversy",
2031:, New York: T. Y. Crowell, 1902, vol XVII. 220–243
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1985:
1755:Love Stories: Sex Between Men Before Homosexuality
1531:George Washington in American Literature 1775–1865
932:Readings in American Poetry for the Use of Schools
777:in Philadelphia in May 1841 while working for the
716:Readings in American Poetry for the Use of Schools
449:Daguerreotype portrait of Charlotte Myers Griswold
430:, was published in 1844, and his nonfiction book,
2628:(Paperback ed.). New York: Checkmark Books.
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1897:. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997: 123.
1533:. New York: Columbia University Press, 1952: 103.
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1159:Tomc, Sandra. "Poe and His Circle". Collected in
1429:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999: 121.
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2475:Rufus Wilmot Griswold: Poe's Literary Executor
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1657:The Poetry of American Women from 1632 to 1945
1637:The Poetry of American Women from 1632 to 1945
1121:
1119:
1117:
804:to take up Poe's former position as editor of
2428:
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1943:
1941:
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1595:
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1514:
1074:
1072:
422:and published a collection of poetry, titled
8:
2544:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, Inc.
2378:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1991: 149.
2127:Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
1710:
1708:
1706:
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1232:
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1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
708:He goes for as perfect a – swan as the rest.
412:that collected essays, stories, and poetry.
1975:
1973:
1971:
2233:
2231:
2077:
2075:
1161:The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe
1090:The Griswold Family England-America, vol 3
672:unfaithful servant who abused his trust."
42:
31:
2664:Edgar Allan Poe and Rufus Wilmot Griswold
2374:Frank, Frederick and Anthony Magistrale.
1038:The Cypress Wreath: A Book of Consolation
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
2756:Tuberculosis deaths in New York (state)
2666:" at the Edgar Allan Poe Society online
1068:
989:The Sacred Poets of England and America
374:Napoleon and the Marshals of the Empire
1500:. Yale University Press, 1987: 66–67.
335:, three by Edgar Allan Poe, and 45 by
2731:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
2700:, with 67 library catalog records
2672:at the Edgar Allan Poe Society online
2577:Edgar Allan Poe: A Critical Biography
2096:Ante-Bellum Southern Literary Critics
2029:The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe
1044:Illustrated Book of Christian Ballads
577:in New York City on August 27, 1857.
521:. In the November 10, 1855, issue of
7:
2516:Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy
1477:The Literary History of Philadelphia
749:discuss the need for copyright law.
498:. In autumn of that year, he had an
138:, editor, poet, and critic. Born in
1498:Poe, Death, and the Life of Writing
547:After a brief flirtation with poet
252:After a brief spell as a printer's
2482:Davis, Richard Beale, ed. (1952).
938:Curiosities of American Literature
617:Engraving from an 1855 edition of
310:Title page of the 1855 edition of
25:
2771:19th-century American journalists
2766:19th-century American politicians
2495:Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself
2196:The Mind of Poe and Other Studies
1013:Gift of Flowers, or Love's Wreath
922:(1842, first of several editions)
428:Christian Ballads and Other Poems
99:
971:Scenes in the Life of the Savior
484:Women of the American Revolution
362:, he discovered the identity of
121:
27:American anthologist (1815–1857)
959:The Poets and Poetry of England
926:Gems from American Female Poets
920:The Poets and Poetry of America
783:The Poets and Poetry of America
638:The Poets and Poetry of America
626:The Poets and Poetry of America
619:The Poets and Poetry of America
345:Gems from American Female Poets
325:The Poets and Poetry of America
313:The Poets and Poetry of America
248:Early career and first marriage
149:The Poets and Poetry of America
2746:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
2685:Books by Rufus Wilmot Griswold
2676:Works by Rufus Wilmot Griswold
995:Gift Leaves of American Poetry
769:at 39, a year before his death
1:
2575:Quinn, Arthur Hobson (1998).
653:". Later anthologies such as
369:Burton's Gentleman's Magazine
2067:The Flowering of New England
2726:People from Benson, Vermont
2562:Pattee, Fred Lewis (1966).
2301:Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe
1475:Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson.
1088:Griswold, Glenn E. (1943).
892:New Life of Edgar Allan Poe
475:The Female Poets of America
2792:
1775:Katz, 105–106; Loving, 202
1394:. Ardent Media, 1977: 11.
543:Divorce and third marriage
507:The International Magazine
402:In 1843, Griswold founded
2776:American male journalists
2741:American literary critics
724:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.
120:
41:
2514:Meyers, Jeffrey (1992).
1893:Rosenheim, Shawn James.
1882:Edgar Allan Poe: The Man
977:Prose Writers of America
965:Poetry of the Sentiments
884:Charles Frederick Briggs
730:Evert Augustus Duyckinck
655:Prose Writers of America
609:Reputation and influence
590:Charles Frederick Briggs
388:Evert Augustus Duyckinck
380:Prose Writers of America
360:Prose Writers of America
349:Prose Writers of America
327:, which he dedicated to
2751:New-York Tribune people
2624:Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z
2549:Moss, Sidney P (1969).
2491:Loving, Jerome (1999).
1529:Bryan, William Alfred.
983:Female Poets of America
876:Nathaniel Parker Willis
659:Female Poets of America
414:Nathaniel Parker Willis
353:Female Poets of America
2761:New York (state) Whigs
2620:Sova, Dawn B. (2001).
813:Frances Sargent Osgood
770:
738:Philip Pendleton Cooke
621:
598:Richard Henry Stoddard
583:Charles Godfrey Leland
450:
316:
302:Anthologist and critic
244:
209:, and raised a strict
174:Poe's mysterious death
170:Frances Sargent Osgood
2473:Bayless, Joy (1943).
2094:Parks, Edd Winfield.
2027:James Harrison, ed.,
1655:Watts, Emily Stipes.
1635:Watts, Emily Stipes.
1007:The Gift of Affection
1001:Poetry of the Flowers
888:Thomas Holley Chivers
760:
753:Relationship with Poe
746:The Brother Jonathan.
624:Griswold's anthology
616:
511:Elizabeth Oakes Smith
468:Move to New York City
448:
419:Saturday Evening Post
364:Horace Binney Wallace
337:Charles Fenno Hoffman
309:
242:
230:New-York by Gas-Light
132:Rufus Wilmot Griswold
36:Rufus Wilmot Griswold
2484:Chivers' Life of Poe
2376:The Poe Encyclopedia
1496:Kennedy, J. Gerald.
890:wrote a book called
840:Edward Bulwer-Lytton
676:James Russell Lowell
243:Griswold, circa 1840
2698:Library of Congress
1753:Jonathan Ned Katz,
1388:Hatvary, George E.
1365:Hatvary, George E.
950:The Prose Works of
914:Biographical Annual
880:Sarah Helen Whitman
869:Imp of the Perverse
848:Sarah Helen Whitman
773:Griswold first met
681:A Fable for Critics
630:Lewis Gaylord Clark
602:Green-Wood Cemetery
488:Sarah Helen Whitman
341:Biographical Annual
83:New York City, U.S.
2689:Google Book Search
2595:Silverman, Kenneth
2116:Silverman, 215–216
2065:Brooks, Van Wyck.
1991:Silverman, 216–217
1880:Phillips, Mary E.
1425:Widmer, Edward L.
1371:Ardent Media: 20.
787:The Haunted Palace
771:
622:
594:George Henry Moore
579:Estelle Anna Lewis
480:Elizabeth F. Ellet
451:
424:The Cypress Wreath
329:Washington Allston
317:
245:
224:Griswold moved to
2694:Rufus W. Griswold
2680:Project Gutenberg
1903:978-0-8018-5332-6
1025:Gift of Sentiment
861:power of attorney
820:"Ludwig" obituary
806:Graham's Magazine
802:George Rex Graham
664:Cornelius Mathews
573:Griswold died of
500:epileptic seizure
482:publish her book
461:Kenneth Silverman
440:Shurtleff College
436:George Washington
384:Cornelius Mathews
234:Rensselaer School
213:in the hamlet of
178:literary executor
165:Graham's Magazine
129:
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64:February 13, 1815
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669:Saturday Museum
651:Charles Dickens
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553:Ann S. Stephens
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537:Leaves of Grass
532:Leaves of Grass
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454:Second marriage
392:James T. Fields
333:Lydia Sigourney
321:American poetry
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192:Life and career
160:Edgar Allan Poe
154:American poetry
105:literary critic
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77:August 27, 1857
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2062:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2006:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1769:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1732:
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1720:
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1707:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:0-292-76450-2
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1645:0-292-76450-2
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1594:
1590:
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1572:
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1566:
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1554:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:0-300-03773-2
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1485:1-932109-45-5
1482:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1435:0-19-514062-1
1432:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:0-8057-7190-5
1397:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1377:0-8057-7190-5
1374:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1169:0-521-79727-6
1166:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
953:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
911:
910:
909:
902:
900:
896:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
862:
853:
851:
849:
843:
841:
837:
836:
831:
827:
819:
817:
814:
809:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
768:
764:
763:Daguerreotype
759:
752:
750:
747:
742:
739:
735:
731:
727:
725:
721:
717:
711:
709:
703:
697:
691:
685:
683:
682:
677:
673:
670:
665:
660:
656:
652:
647:
642:
639:
634:
631:
627:
620:
615:
608:
606:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
568:
566:
563:
557:
554:
550:
542:
540:
538:
534:
533:
528:
524:
523:The Criterion
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
467:
465:
462:
453:
447:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
420:
415:
411:
407:
406:
400:
397:
396:Young America
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
315:
314:
308:
301:
299:
297:
293:
287:
285:
281:
280:
275:
269:
267:
261:
259:
258:The Porcupine
255:
247:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
196:
191:
189:
187:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
137:
133:
124:
119:
114:
108:
106:
103:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
76:
72:
68:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2703:
2649:
2623:
2600:
2576:
2565:
2552:
2539:
2515:
2494:
2483:
2474:
2456:
2447:
2400:
2391:
2375:
2370:
2361:
2356:Beale, 25–28
2352:
2343:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2300:
2293:
2272:
2251:
2246:Bayless, 164
2242:
2221:
2216:Bayless, 144
2212:
2203:
2195:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2154:
2126:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2066:
2061:
2036:
2028:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1961:
1952:
1947:Bayless, 247
1931:
1926:Bayless, 255
1910:
1894:
1889:
1881:
1876:
1871:Bayless, 253
1859:Bayless, 251
1855:
1850:Bayless, 227
1838:Bayless, 226
1834:
1829:Bayless, 223
1825:
1820:Bayless, 222
1816:
1811:Bayless, 221
1807:
1802:Bayless, 220
1798:
1793:Bayless, 217
1789:
1784:Bayless, 212
1780:
1771:
1762:
1754:
1749:
1740:
1735:Bayless, 205
1723:Bayless, 149
1719:
1680:
1671:
1656:
1651:
1636:
1631:
1626:Bayless, 143
1622:
1613:
1608:Bayless, 111
1604:
1599:Bayless, 108
1563:Bayless, 107
1547:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1520:Bayless, 234
1497:
1492:
1476:
1426:
1421:
1390:
1384:
1367:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1272:
1243:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1160:
1139:
1134:Bayless, 5–6
1130:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1019:Gift of Love
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
970:
964:
958:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
906:
903:Bibliography
897:
891:
873:
857:
844:
833:
829:
823:
810:
805:
799:
782:
778:
772:
745:
743:
728:
719:
715:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
687:
679:
674:
668:
658:
654:
646:Perry Miller
643:
637:
635:
625:
623:
618:
587:
575:tuberculosis
572:
558:
546:
536:
530:
527:Walt Whitman
522:
506:
504:
483:
474:
471:
457:
431:
427:
423:
417:
408:, an annual
404:
401:
379:
378:
373:
367:
359:
357:
352:
348:
344:
340:
324:
318:
311:
291:
288:
283:
277:
270:
262:
257:
251:
229:
223:
200:
182:
163:
158:
147:
144:Philadelphia
131:
130:
79:(1857-08-27)
29:
2721:1857 deaths
2716:1815 births
2460:Bayless, 96
2442:Pattee, 390
2404:Meyers, 263
2207:Meyers, 174
2056:Bayless, 79
2040:Pattee, 389
2009:Miller, 211
2000:Miller, 204
1965:Miller, 168
1956:Pattee, 363
1935:Bayless, 90
1714:Meyers, 209
1675:Bayless 201
1542:Bayless, 93
1461:Bayless, 83
1449:Pattee, 391
1416:Miller, 169
1347:Pattee, 494
1329:Pattee, 279
1317:Bayless, 66
1308:Bayless, 65
1299:Bayless, 64
1247:Bayless, 20
1238:Meyers, 126
1207:Bayless, 15
1180:Bayless, 10
1111:Meyers, 125
1078:Moss, 80–81
952:John Milton
908:Anthologies
835:The Caxtons
826:Poe's death
791:New England
136:anthologist
2710:Categories
2276:Quinn, 754
2255:Quinn, 651
2167:Quinn, 353
2158:Quinn, 352
2018:Quinn, 354
1979:Quinn, 351
1914:Quinn, 692
1276:Quinn, 350
1189:Bayless, 8
1143:Bayless, 7
1102:Bayless, 5
1064:References
1051:Nonfiction
549:Alice Cary
254:apprentice
219:Hubbardton
197:Early life
186:infringing
96:Occupation
60:1815-02-13
2365:Beale, 70
2347:Moss, 122
2338:Sova, 101
2329:Sova, 102
2320:Moss, 121
2237:Moss, 125
2225:Sova, 142
1338:Sova, 197
734:monomania
410:gift book
211:Calvinist
116:Signature
2597:(1991).
2536:(1956).
736:". Poet
720:Graham's
405:The Opal
376:(1847).
88:Pen name
2467:Sources
865:Rosalie
562:A train
492:vertigo
207:Rutland
205:, near
203:Vermont
140:Vermont
2632:
2609:
2583:
2522:
2503:
2382:
2307:
2133:
1901:
1663:
1643:
1504:
1483:
1433:
1398:
1375:
1167:
1059:(1854)
1046:(1844)
1040:(1844)
1032:Poetry
1027:(1854)
1021:(1853)
1015:(1853)
1009:(1853)
1003:(1850)
997:(1849)
991:(1848)
985:(1848)
979:(1847)
973:(1846)
967:(1846)
961:(1845)
955:(1845)
946:(1844)
940:(1844)
934:(1843)
928:(1842)
916:(1841)
854:Memoir
824:After
795:humbug
596:, and
394:that "
351:, and
215:Benson
109:writer
101:Editor
91:Ludwig
69:, U.S.
761:1848
569:Death
496:opium
296:vault
2630:ISBN
2607:ISBN
2581:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2501:ISBN
2380:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2131:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1661:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1481:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1165:ISBN
657:and
517:and
386:and
266:Whig
74:Died
54:Born
2696:at
2687:at
2678:at
838:by
765:of
529:'s
276:'s
2712::
2409:^
2281:^
2260:^
2230:^
2142:^
2074:^
2045:^
1984:^
1970:^
1940:^
1919:^
1864:^
1843:^
1728:^
1703:^
1689:^
1592:^
1580:^
1568:^
1556:^
1513:^
1466:^
1454:^
1442:^
1407:^
1322:^
1281:^
1252:^
1221:^
1148:^
1116:^
1071:^
882:,
842:.
684::
592:,
513:,
355:.
347:,
323:,
2662:"
2638:.
2615:.
2589:.
2528:.
2509:.
2386:.
2311:.
2137:.
1905:.
1508:.
1487:.
1437:.
1402:.
1379:.
1171:.
62:)
58:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
