272:, despite opposition from the orthodox nobles. Iltutmish declared that his surviving sons were absorbed in pleasurable activities, and were incapable of managing the state affairs after his death. However, shortly before his death, Iltutmish appears to have agreed to appoint Ruknuddin - a son - as his successor. In 1233, he appointed Ruknuddin as the administrator of Lahore. During his last days, when he had become seriously ill, he recalled Ruknuddin from Lahore to Delhi, and Ruknuddin was unanimously accepted as his successor by the nobles.
39:
441:. A mob then attacked the royal palace and detained Shah Turkan. Several nobles and the army pledged allegiance to Razia, and placed her on the throne. Ruknuddin marched back to Delhi, but Razia sent a force to arrest him: he was imprisoned and probably executed on 19 November 1236, having ruled for 6 months and 28 days.
307:
Shah Turkan was originally reputed for charitable and religious donations, but her nature changed after she gained control of the administration. She mistreated ladies in
Iltutmish's harem, and according to Minhaj, "destroyed" several of them. She and Ruknuddin ordered the blinding and killing of
299:, while riding intoxicated on an elephant. He used to spend a lot of money on musicians, clowns, and eunuchs. While spending his time and the state funds in pursuing pleasure, Ruknuddin left the control of administration to his mother Shah Turkan.
366:-origin non-slaves. The Tazik officers included the prime minister Junaidi. After the rebellions against Ruknuddin, the Turkic officers, who formed the core of Ruknuddin's army, planned murders of many Tazik officers in the
225:
in control of the administration. The misadministration led to rebellions against
Ruknuddin and his mother, both of whom were arrested and imprisoned. The nobles and the army subsequently appointed his half-sister
316:
region, Malik
Ghiyasuddin Muhammad Shah - a son of Iltutmish - rebelled against Ruknuddin. He sacked several towns, and plundered the treasure of Lakhnauti, which was being transferred to Delhi.
284:, who assumed that the Delhi Sultanate would be weakened after Iltutmish's death, invaded India around this time. However, Saifuddin Aibak - a Turkic slave officer appointed as the governor of
291:
Minhaj praises
Ruknuddin for three qualities: handsomeness, gentle temperament, and generous nature. According to Minhaj, Ruknuddin greatly enjoyed riding elephants, and greatly favoured
268:
as the in-charge of Delhi's administration. Razia handled the administration well, and when
Iltutmish returned, he ordered preparation of a decree naming Razia as his
694:
261:
221:
ruler who had established the
Sultanate as the most powerful kingdom in northern India. However, he pursued pleasure, wine, women, and left his mother
699:
709:
264:
to be his successor, but this son died unexpectedly in 1229. While leaving for his
Gwalior campaign in 1231, Iltutmish left his daughter
674:
354:(modern Aligarh), later joining Salari. The forces of Junaidi and Salari subsequently joined the forces of Kuchi and Jani.
704:
253:
in 1228. He administered Badaun with the support of Ainul Mulk Husain Ash'ari, a former minister of
Iltutmish's rival
362:
The officers of
Ruknuddin's father Iltutmish belonged to two major categories: the Turkic-origin slaves and the
218:
437:- whom his mother Shah Turkan had planned to execute - instigated the general public against Shah Turkan at a
280:
After the death of his father
Iltutmish, Ruknuddin ascended the throne in April–May 1236. Saifuddin Hasan
146:
326:
Three other iqta-holding nobles collectively rebelled against Ruknuddin: Malik Izzuddin Kabir Khan Ayaz (
714:
254:
295:, who became important in his court. Minhaj narrates that Ruknuddin would scatter gold coins in
670:
649:
129:
662:
642:(1992). "The Early Turkish Sultans of Delhi". In Mohammad Habib; Khaliq Ahmad Nizami (eds.).
188:
134:
648:. Vol. 5 (Second ed.). The Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House.
202:
106:
54:
308:
Qutubuddin, a young and popular son of Iltutmish, which triggered several rebellions:
38:
688:
434:
269:
265:
227:
82:
639:
117:
643:
213:
provinces of the Sultanate. He ascended the throne after the death of his father
242:
222:
166:
438:
351:
281:
653:
367:
214:
156:
72:
320:
246:
245:, who was a hand-maid of Turkic origin. As a prince, he was assigned the
205:
for less than seven months in 1236. As a prince, he had administered the
141:
645:
A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultanat (A.D. 1206-1526)
430:
417:
371:
343:
335:
327:
296:
292:
250:
210:
206:
409:
380:
374:
region. Several important Tazik officers were killed as a result:
331:
313:
176:
121:
458:
456:
454:
663:"Service, Status, and Military Slavery in the Delhi Sultanate"
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
285:
238:
Ruknuddin was born to the Delhi Sultan Iltutmish and his wife
568:
566:
529:
527:
490:
488:
486:
473:
471:
433:
to fight the rebels. Meanwhile, in Delhi, his half-sister
288:
by Iltutmish, defeated him and forced him to retreat.
350:
Junaidi deserted the army at Kailugarhi, and fled to
342:Ruknuddin sent an army against the rebels, but his
172:
162:
152:
140:
128:
112:
100:
92:
88:
78:
68:
60:
52:
23:
665:. In Indrani Chatterjee; Richard M. Eaton (eds.).
319:Malik Izzuddin Muhammad Salari, who now held the
8:
621:
609:
597:
572:
545:
533:
518:
506:
494:
462:
557:
477:
669:. Indiana University Press. pp. 98–.
201:(1211 – 19 November 1236), was a ruler of
193:
37:
20:
450:
64:30 April 1236 – 19 November 1236
695:Sultans of the Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
260:Iltutmish had groomed his eldest son
7:
192:
14:
667:Slavery and South Asian History
700:13th-century murdered monarchs
398:Ziyal Mulk, the son of Junaidi
1:
104:19 November 1236 (aged 25-24)
710:13th-century Indian monarchs
404:Khwaja Rashiduddin Malikani
731:
429:Ruknuddin marched towards
358:Massacre of Tazik officers
330:), Malik Saifuddin Kuchi (
197:), also transliterated as
323:of Badaun, also rebelled.
43:Bull & Horseman type
36:
28:
334:), Malik Alauddin Jani (
18:Ruler of Delhi sultanate
392:Bahauddin Hasan Ash'ari
47:coin of Ruknuddin Firuz
425:Imprisonment and death
439:congregational prayer
401:Nizamuddin Shafurqani
705:Indian Sunni Muslims
661:Sunil Kumar (2006).
255:Nasir ad-Din Qabacha
624:, pp. 235–236.
548:, pp. 236–237.
521:, pp. 230–231.
465:, pp. 234–235.
378:Tajul Mulk Mahmud,
240:Khudawanda-i-Jahan
622:K. A. Nizami 1992
610:K. A. Nizami 1992
598:K. A. Nizami 1992
573:K. A. Nizami 1992
546:K. A. Nizami 1992
534:K. A. Nizami 1992
519:K. A. Nizami 1992
507:K. A. Nizami 1992
495:K. A. Nizami 1992
463:K. A. Nizami 1992
407:Amir Fakhruddin,
388:mushrif-i mamalik
346:(prime minister)
262:Nasiruddin Mahmud
199:Rukn al-Din Firoz
185:Rukn-ud-din Firuz
182:
181:
722:
680:
657:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
576:
570:
561:
558:Sunil Kumar 2006
555:
549:
543:
537:
531:
522:
516:
510:
504:
498:
492:
481:
478:Sunil Kumar 2006
475:
466:
460:
395:Karimuddin Zahid
196:
195:
135:Ala ud din Masud
41:
21:
730:
729:
725:
724:
723:
721:
720:
719:
685:
684:
683:
677:
660:
638:
634:
629:
628:
620:
616:
608:
604:
596:
579:
571:
564:
556:
552:
544:
540:
532:
525:
517:
513:
505:
501:
493:
484:
476:
469:
461:
452:
447:
427:
360:
305:
278:
236:
230:on the throne.
203:Delhi sultanate
194:رکنالدین فیروز
124:
107:Delhi Sultanate
105:
55:Sultan of Delhi
48:
24:Ruknuddin Firuz
19:
12:
11:
5:
728:
726:
718:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
687:
686:
682:
681:
675:
658:
635:
633:
630:
627:
626:
614:
612:, p. 225.
602:
600:, p. 235.
577:
575:, p. 236.
562:
550:
538:
536:, p. 231.
523:
511:
509:, p. 230.
499:
497:, p. 234.
482:
467:
449:
448:
446:
443:
426:
423:
422:
421:
413:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
384:
359:
356:
340:
339:
324:
317:
304:
301:
277:
274:
235:
232:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
116:
114:
110:
109:
102:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
50:
49:
42:
34:
33:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
727:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
690:
678:
676:0-253-11671-6
672:
668:
664:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:
641:
637:
636:
631:
623:
618:
615:
611:
606:
603:
599:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
563:
560:, p. 98.
559:
554:
551:
547:
542:
539:
535:
530:
528:
524:
520:
515:
512:
508:
503:
500:
496:
491:
489:
487:
483:
480:, p. 97.
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
459:
457:
455:
451:
444:
442:
440:
436:
432:
424:
420:
419:
415:Bahram Shah,
414:
412:
411:
406:
403:
400:
397:
394:
391:
389:
385:
383:
382:
377:
376:
375:
373:
369:
365:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
337:
333:
329:
325:
322:
318:
315:
311:
310:
309:
302:
300:
298:
294:
289:
287:
283:
275:
273:
271:
270:heir apparent
267:
263:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:
233:
231:
229:
224:
220:
217:, a powerful
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
190:
186:
178:
175:
171:
168:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
143:
139:
136:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
83:Razia Sultana
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
56:
51:
46:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
16:
666:
644:
640:K. A. Nizami
632:Bibliography
617:
605:
553:
541:
514:
502:
428:
416:
408:
387:
379:
363:
361:
348:Nizamul Mulk
347:
341:
306:
290:
279:
259:
239:
237:
198:
184:
183:
118:Sultan Ghari
44:
30:
15:
715:1236 deaths
386:the son of
243:Shah Turkan
223:Shah Turkan
167:Shah Turkan
69:Predecessor
689:Categories
445:References
303:Rebellions
234:Early life
96:about 1211
368:Mansurpur
215:Iltutmish
157:Iltutmish
79:Successor
73:Iltutmish
654:31870180
173:Religion
312:In the
297:bazaars
293:mahouts
282:Qarlugh
189:Persian
142:Dynasty
31:Sultan'
673:
652:
431:Kuhram
418:dizdar
372:Tarain
336:Lahore
328:Multan
251:Badaun
219:Mamluk
211:Lahore
207:Badaun
163:Mother
153:Father
147:Mamluk
113:Burial
435:Razia
410:dabir
381:dabir
364:Tazik
344:wazir
332:Hansi
321:iqta'
314:Awadh
276:Reign
266:Razia
247:iqta'
228:Razia
177:Islam
130:Issue
122:Delhi
61:Reign
45:jital
671:ISBN
650:OCLC
352:Koil
209:and
101:Died
93:Born
53:4th
286:Uch
249:of
691::
580:^
565:^
526:^
485:^
470:^
453:^
338:).
257:.
191::
120:,
679:.
656:.
370:-
187:(
29:'
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
