59:, is in place, rule by decree is common. While rule by decree is easily susceptible to the whims and corruption of the person in power, it is also highly efficient: a law can take weeks or months to pass in a legislature, but can be edited quickly during ruling by decree. This is what makes it valuable in emergency situations. Thus, it is allowed by many
207:
to declare a state of emergency, giving her absolute powers to rule by decree. Using these newfound powers, she nullified a regional court ruling which invalidated Gandhi's election to parliament due to fraud and banned her from participating in elections for six years. After assuming
284:
to rule by decree multiple times throughout his tenure, passing hundreds of laws. Chávez ruled
Venezuela by decree in 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2012. Between 2004 and 2006 alone, Chávez declared 18 "emergencies" to rule by decree.
657:
828:
174:
and issue a decree suspending basic civil rights indefinitely. As a result of this decree, German authorities were able to constitutionally suppress or imprison their opposition, which in turn paved the way for the one-party rule of the
130:
decree. The resolution, which gave the three 'triumvirs' authoritarian powers for five years, was enacted and reinstated consecutive in 38 BC. It finally collapsed in 33/32 BC, after the downfall of
Lepidus, leading to the
691:
928:
820:
897:
292:, has also ruled by decree multiple times since he was elected in April 2013. President Maduro has ruled Venezuela by decree for the majority of the period from 19 November 2013 through 2018.
993:
683:
920:
312:, permit presidential rule by decree in time of a national emergency, subject to constitutional and other legal limitations. In France, this power has been used only once, by
961:
82:
The expression is also sometimes used when describing actions of democratic governments that are perceived to unduly bypass scrutiny from the legislature or populace.
506:
475:
626:
1160:
881:
382:
has claimed that there has been an explosion in the use of various types of decrees (decree-law, presidential decrees, executive orders, etc.) since
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1133:
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115:
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approval. While intended to allow rapid responses to a crisis, rule by decree is easily abused and is often a key feature of
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529:
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281:
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are partially based on this notion of decrees, although they are far more limited in scope and generally subject to
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627:"MS. GANDHI RESIGNS AS PREMIER AFTER HER PARTY LOSES MAJORITY,• RIVALS GIVE A PLEDGE OF LIBERTIES"
561:
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183:, which suspended the Constitution without formally repealing it, lasted until the end of the
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and clamped down on press freedoms. In 1977, she agreed to hold elections again, which she
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952:"Human rights activists say many Venezuelan protesters face abusive government treatment"
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near-dictatorial powers, she arrested thousands of opposition politicians, suspended
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to void specific EPOs in a free vote or end the state of emergency at any time.
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56:
41:
17:
1055:. The Robinson Library. 22 June 2016. Archived from the original on 10 May 2018
1028:
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921:"Venezuela is going to shut down for a whole week because of an energy crisis"
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resoundingly. She subsequently resigned as prime minister and party leader.
127:
36:
is a style of governance allowing quick, unchallenged promulgation of law
854:
758:
104:
882:"Venezuela president declares economic emergency as inflation hits 141%"
984:"Gobierno extiende por décima vez el decreto de emergencia económica"
324:
241:
32:
237:
386:. According to him, this is the sign of a "generalization of the
224:
From 23 September (given actual effect from 4 October after the
851:"Venezuela: President Maduro granted power to govern by decree"
95:
One of the first examples of rule by decree was in the ancient
793:
594:"MRS. GANDHI, EASING CRISIS RULE, DECIDES ON MARCH ELECTION"
821:"Venezuelan president Maduro given power to rule by decree"
625:
Times, Henry Kamm
Special to The New York (1977-03-22).
410:
COVID-19 pandemic in
Hungary § Government response
819:
Diaz-Struck, Emilia; Forero, Juan (19 November 2013).
362:
invokes the emergency clause in
Article 28(3) of the
374:
Giorgio
Agamben's critique of the use of decrees-law
749:
747:
373:
684:"Venezuela grants Chavez power to rule by decree"
135:and the total collapse of republican government.
354:allows the government to rule by decrees called
499:"Coup d'état attempt: Turkey's Reichstag fire?"
715:
713:
711:
709:
323:Other modern political concepts, such as the
143:The most prominent example in history is the
8:
784:
782:
780:
474:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
1021:Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional
530:"Verdict on June 12 Provoked the Crisis"
103:in 44 BC, his successor Gaius Octavian (
1017:"Mexico: Emergency Powers and COVID-19"
880:Brodzinsky, Sibylla (15 January 2016).
678:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
426:
358:in any aspect of national life, if the
255:(which was modelled after the obsolete
1099:from the original on 21 September 2017
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992:(in European Spanish). 18 July 2017.
900:from the original on 27 February 2016
509:from the original on 30 November 2018
478:from the original on 28 November 2019
38:by a single person or group of people
7:
861:from the original on 12 January 2017
220:Russian Constitutional Crisis (1993)
434:Wasson, Donald L. (18 April 2016).
280:was granted executive power by the
1015:Eugenio, Velasco (16 April 2020).
755:"Rule by decree passed for Chavez"
448:from the original on 14 April 2021
25:
996:from the original on 18 July 2017
831:from the original on 19 June 2015
765:from the original on 10 June 2016
720:Carroll, Rory (5 December 2008).
658:Russian presidential decree №1400
1161:Concepts in political philosophy
964:from the original on 21 May 2017
931:from the original on 25 May 2016
732:from the original on 5 June 2016
694:from the original on 12 May 2016
528:Fowle, Farnsworth (1975-06-27).
133:final Roman Republican civil war
91:Lex Titia and Second Triumvirate
1118:Agamben, Giorgio (2008-07-18).
800:from the original on 5 May 2016
497:Kadıoğlu, Ayşe (16 July 2016).
232:) to 12 December 1993, rule by
122:, officially recognized by the
919:Worely, Will (18 March 2016).
366:. The Act however allows the
101:assassination of Julius Caesar
1:
251:, during transition from the
147:in Germany, passed after the
139:Reichstag Fire Decree of 1933
86:Prominent historical examples
1156:1st-century BC introductions
1089:"Emergency Powers Act, 1939"
950:Kraul, Chris (17 May 2017).
402:'s rule in Chile during the
253:Russian Constitution of 1978
191:Indian Emergency (1975–1977)
1126:University of Chicago Press
257:Soviet Constitution of 1977
155:in 1933. German Chancellor
1217:
1029:10.17176/20200416-092144-0
441:World History Encyclopedia
300:Some democracies, such as
1073:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
261:current 1993 Constitution
790:"Hugo Chavez Fast Facts"
199:in 1975, Prime Minister
562:"Past the cliff's edge"
468:"Reichstag Fire Decree"
400:Carlos Ibáñez del Campo
356:Emergency Powers Orders
77:Hungarian constitutions
404:Presidential Republic
145:Reichstag Fire Decree
1095:. 3 September 1939.
690:. 18 December 2010.
436:"Second Triumvirate"
378:Italian philosopher
352:Emergency Powers Act
333:British Commonwealth
288:Chávez's successor,
118:seized power in the
1093:irishstatutebook.ie
1053:robinsonlibrary.com
825:The Washington Post
761:. 19 January 2007.
316:in 1961 during the
172:Weimar Constitution
164:Paul von Hindenburg
27:Style of governance
1201:Second Triumvirate
1191:Political concepts
1121:State of Exception
631:The New York Times
598:The New York Times
534:The New York Times
388:state of exception
205:President of India
181:state of exception
149:Reichstag building
120:Second Triumvirate
53:state of emergency
40:, usually without
1186:Philosophy of law
1181:National security
1135:978-0-226-00926-1
957:Los Angeles Times
857:. 16 March 2015.
722:"A family affair"
503:opendemocracy.net
329:Orders in Council
314:Charles de Gaulle
282:National Assembly
267:Venezuela (2000–)
240:) was imposed in
16:(Redirected from
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796:. 16 July 2013.
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337:executive orders
226:armed disbanding
197:Indian Emergency
116:Aemilius Lepidus
113:pontifex maximus
63:, including the
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18:Ruling by decree
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600:. 1977-01-19.
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179:. The ensuing
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210:habeas corpus
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201:Indira Gandhi
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1171:Dictatorship
1120:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
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1057:. Retrieved
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1043:
1032:. Retrieved
1020:
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998:. Retrieved
987:
978:
966:. Retrieved
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933:. Retrieved
914:
902:. Retrieved
886:The Guardian
885:
875:
863:. Retrieved
845:
833:. Retrieved
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802:. Retrieved
767:. Retrieved
734:. Retrieved
726:The Guardian
696:. Retrieved
688:Daily Nation
661:(in Russian)
660:
653:
642:. Retrieved
630:
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609:. Retrieved
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588:
577:. Retrieved
565:
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545:. Retrieved
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502:
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480:. Retrieved
471:
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450:. Retrieved
439:
429:
415:Enabling act
377:
368:Dáil Éireann
364:Constitution
355:
349:
322:
318:Algerian War
299:
287:
270:
223:
194:
157:Adolf Hitler
142:
99:, after the
94:
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904:24 February
384:World War I
278:Hugo Chávez
195:During the
185:Third Reich
109:Mark Antony
107:), general
57:martial law
42:legislative
1150:Categories
1034:2022-05-26
989:La Patilla
644:2022-05-26
611:2022-05-26
579:2022-05-26
547:2022-05-26
421:References
360:parliament
350:Ireland's
272:Venezuelan
177:Nazi Party
168:Article 48
166:to invoke
159:convinced
55:, such as
894:0261-3077
639:0362-4331
606:0362-4331
574:0013-0613
542:0362-4331
472:ushmm.org
310:Argentina
275:President
259:) to the
246:President
187:in 1945.
161:President
128:Lex Titia
69:Argentine
1103:14 April
1097:Archived
1069:cite web
1059:14 April
994:Archived
962:Archived
929:Archived
898:Archived
865:27 April
859:Archived
855:BBC News
835:27 April
829:Archived
798:Archived
763:Archived
759:BBC News
730:Archived
692:Archived
513:14 April
507:Archived
482:14 April
476:Archived
452:14 April
446:Archived
394:See also
105:Augustus
31:Rule by
1166:Decrees
1000:19 July
339:in the
331:in the
228:of the
170:of the
151:caught
126:by the
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335:, and
306:France
302:Mexico
242:Russia
234:decree
124:senate
73:Indian
65:French
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238:ukase
1130:ISBN
1105:2017
1075:link
1061:2017
1002:2017
970:2017
937:2016
906:2016
890:ISSN
867:2015
837:2015
806:2016
771:2016
738:2016
700:2016
635:ISSN
602:ISSN
570:ISSN
538:ISSN
515:2017
484:2017
454:2017
308:and
214:lost
153:fire
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794:CNN
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