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3366:
3318:
2277:
2866:
2175:
45:
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techniques to animate their characters based on video footage of live actors performing the same stunts. Jumping abilities are typically roughly within the confines of an athletic human's capacity. To expand vertical exploration, many cinematic platformers feature the ability to grab onto ledges, or
3147:
is also highly influential. These games are characterized by single screen, non-scrolling levels and often contain cooperative two-player action. A level is cleared when all enemies on the screen have been defeated, and vanquished foes usually drop score bonuses in the form of fruit or other items.
1645:
In the 1990s, platforming games started to shift from pseudo-3D to "true 3D," which gave the player more control over the character and the camera. To render a 3D environment from any angle the user chose, the graphics hardware had to be sufficiently powerful, and the art and rendering model of the
3668:
for mobile phones in Korea. The game's designer Sin Bong-gu, stated that he wanted to create a game that was only possible on mobile phones, therefore he made the player character walk up walls and ceilings, requiring players to turn around their mobile phones while playing. To compensate for this
1675:
or triple-jump high into the air as the camera panned down to help players line up their landings. In addition to shooting, jumping on enemies was a primary way to attack. This was the first true 3D platform-action game with free-roaming environments, but it was never ported to another platform or
175:
A platformer requires the player to maneuver their character across platforms to reach a goal while confronting enemies and avoiding obstacles along the way. These games are either presented from the side view, using two-dimensional movement, or in 3D with the camera placed either behind the main
3615:
Auto-runner games are platformers where the player-character is nearly always moving in one constant direction through the level, with less focus on tricky jumping but more on quick reflexes as obstacles appear on screen. The subcategory of endless runner games have levels that effectively go on
166:
During their peak of popularity, platformers were estimated to comprise between a quarter and a third of all console games. By 2006, the genre had experienced a decline in sales, representing a 2% market share as compared to 15% in 1998. In spite of this, platformers are still being commercially
1099:
allowing players to rush through its levels with well-placed jumps and rolls. Sega characterized Sonic as a teenager with a rebellious personality to appeal to gamers who saw the previous generation of consoles as being for kids. The character's speed showed off the hardware capabilities of the
207:, the trajectory of a jump is fixed, while in others it can be altered mid-air. Falling may cause damage or death. Many platformers contain environmental obstacles which kill the player's character upon contact, such as lava pits or bottomless chasms. The player may be able to collect items and
2155:
The platformer remained a vital genre, but it never regained its old popularity. Part of the reason for the platformer's decline in the 2000s was a lack of innovation compared to other genres. Platformers were either aimed at younger players or designed to avoid the platform label. In 1998,
2987:
Cinematic platformers are a small but distinct subgenre, usually distinguished by their relative realism. These games focus on fluid, lifelike movements, without the unnatural physics found in nearly all other platformers. To achieve this realism, many cinematic platformers, beginning with
1570:
game that was released in 1995, offered a more conservative approach to true 3D platforming. It allowed players to move in all directions, but it did not allow movement along more than one axis at once; the player could move orthogonally but not diagonally. Its characters were
1725:
1758:, the levels were open and had objectives. Completing objectives earned the player stars, and stars were used to unlock more levels. This approach allowed for more efficient use of large 3D areas and rewarded the player for exploration, but it meant less jumping and more
1693:, released in April 1995, kept the gameplay from its precursor but traded the frog-like mech for a cartoony rabbit mech called Robbit. The title was successful enough to get two sequels and is remembered for being the first 3D platformer on a console. Rob Fahey of
2693:
1291:
The difficulties of adapting platformer gameplay to three dimensions led some developers to compromise by pairing the visual flash of 3D with traditional 2D side scrolling gameplay. These games are often referred to as 2.5D. The first such game was the
412:
3251:. These games were generally heavily focused on exploring indoor environments, usually a series of small rooms connected by doors, and have distinct adventure and puzzle elements. Japanese developers blended this gameplay style with that of Japanese
1549:
280:(UK). Bloom defined "climbing games" as titles where the player "must climb from the bottom of the screen to the top while avoiding and/or destroying the obstacles and foes you invariably meet along the way." Under this definition, he listed
2701:
2677:
This list some definable platformers in the following types, but there are also many vaguely defined subgenres games that have not been listed. These game categories are the prototypes genre that recognized by different platform styles.
636:
offered a glimpse of what was to come, with uneven, suspended platforms, levels that scroll horizontally (and in one section, vertically), and differently themed sections, such as a city, the interior of a large pyramid, and underwater.
1503:
1488:
was an early forward-scrolling pseudo-3D third-person platform-action game where players were free to move in any forward-scrolling direction and could leap over obstacles and chasms. It was notable for being one of the first
3002:
As these games tend to feature vulnerable characters who may die as the result of a single enemy attack or by falling a relatively short distance, they almost never have limited lives or continues. Challenge is derived from
1606:, it was the first attempt to bring a popular 2D platformer series into 3D. While it retained the puzzle-oriented level design style and step-based control, it did not meet the criteria of a platformer, and was billed as an
600:
2973:, platforming, as well as exploring and back-tracking, figures prominently. Run-and-gun games are generally pure, and while they may have vehicular sequences or other shifts in style, they have shooting throughout.
1021:
launched, platformers were the most popular genre in console gaming. There was a particular emphasis on having a flagship platform title exclusive to a system, featuring a mascot character. In 1989, Sega released
6384:
1743:, which is a game that set the standard for 3D platformers. It let the player explore 3D environments with greater freedom than was found in any previous game in the genre. With this in mind, Nintendo put an
1815:
used intelligent cameras that followed the player's movements. Still, when the view was obstructed or not facing what the player needed to see, these intelligent cameras needed to be adjusted by the player.
259:
spawned other games with a mix of running, jumping, and vertical traversal, a novel genre that did not match the style of games that came before it, leaving journalists and writers to offer their own terms.
3669:
complication, he limited the game's controls to a single button and let the character run automatically and indefinitely, "like the people in modern society, who must always look forward and keep running".
753:. Its success as a pack-in led many companies to see platformers as vital to their success, and contributed greatly to popularizing the genre during the third and fourth generations of video game consoles.
2590:
1646:
game had to be viewable from every angle. The improvement in graphics technology allowed publishers to make such games but introduced several new issues. For example, if the player could control the
2699:
2698:
2695:
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In order to make this free-roaming model work, developers had to program dynamic, intelligent cameras. A free camera made it harder for players to judge the height and distance of platforms, making
2700:
1170:
in 1990, which became the first MS-DOS platformer with smooth scrolling graphics. Keen's success resulted in numerous console-styled platformers for MS-DOS compatible operating systems, including
425:
The genre originated in the early 1980s. Levels in early platform games were confined to a single-screen, generally viewed in profile, and based on climbing between platforms rather than jumping.
218:
encounters, where the character has to defeat a particularly dangerous enemy to progress. Simple logical puzzles to resolve and skill trials to overcome are other common elements in the genre.
6980:
4039:
3620:. Auto-runner games have found success on mobile platforms, because they are well-suited to the small set of controls these games require, often limited to a single screen tap for jumping.
2239:, which coupled platformer gameplay with a first-person perspective, although they did not market the game as a platformer because of the association of the label with games made for kids.
2744:
allowed players to run and jump in typical platform fashion, but they could also destroy blocks, and were tasked with guiding an egg to the bottom of the level without letting it break.
2582:
for PlayStation 4 sold over 2.5 million copies in three months, despite some critics noting it was harder than the original games. The next few years saw more remakes of 3D platformers:
5136:
2752:(1993) was a popular game in this genre. It has three characters players can switch between, each with different abilities. All three characters are needed to complete the level goals.
155:(1985) was a defining game for the nascent genre, with horizontally scrolling levels and the player controlling a named character—Mario, which became a mascot of the company. The term
3398:
Typically these elements include the ability to explore an area freely, with access to new areas granted by either gaining new abilities or using inventory items. Many 2D games in the
2761:
moved the Wario series into the puzzle-platform genre by eliminating the element of death and adding temporary injuries, such as being squashed or lit on fire, and specialized powers.
2908:, with less tricky platforming and more shooting. These games are sometimes called platform shooters. The genre has arcade roots, so these games are generally linear and difficult.
94:
maneuvers may factor into the gameplay, such as swinging from vines or grappling hooks, jumping off walls, gliding through the air, or bouncing from springboards or trampolines.
2697:
7570:
5282:
749:
in 1985, became the archetype for the genre. It was bundled with
Nintendo systems in North America, Japan, and Europe, and sold over 40 million copies, according to the 1999
1701:
was perhaps "one of the most important ancestors of every 3D platformer in the following decade." It holds the record of "First platform videogame in true 3D" according to
1377:
usually refers to games with gameplay in three dimensions and polygonal 3D graphics. Games that have 3D gameplay but 2D graphics are usually included under the umbrella of
3286:
Before consoles were able to display true polygonal 3D graphics, the ¾ isometric perspective was used to move some popular 2D platformers into three-dimensional gameplay.
183:
The most common movement options in the genre are walking, running, jumping, attacking, and climbing. Jumping is central to the genre, though there are exceptions such as
1317:
improved upon its design, featuring some 3D effects such as hopping between the foreground and background, and the camera panning and curving around corners. Meanwhile,
6183:
6943:
2036:
became a critical darling based on its imaginative levels and colorful characters, and several franchises that debuted during the sixth generation of consoles such as
1908:
Several developers who found success with 3D platformers began experimenting with titles that, despite their cartoon art style, were aimed at adults. Examples include
6406:
6348:
5444:
7066:
5470:
3723:
were popular endless running games. The latter became the world's fastest-spreading mobile game in
January 2013, with 50 million installations within thirteen days.
2501:
in the late 2000s and the 2010s helped grow the platform-game market. Indie platformers had a stronger focus on story and innovation. In 2009, independent developer
7395:
6253:
2195:
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6731:
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465:
and released in July 1981, was the first game to allow players to jump over obstacles and gaps. It is widely considered to be the first platformer. It introduced
1581:. The game played very similarly to 2D platformers, but it was considered a true 3D title, and let players walk up walls and on ceilings. It has a sequel called
5165:
6705:
6047:
4172:
477:, and also a handheld version from Coleco in 1982. The game helped cement Nintendo's position as an important name in the video game industry internationally.
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1214:
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6122:
5339:
5230:
3808:
6374:
5894:
5751:
3148:
CAGs are almost exclusively developed in Japan and are either arcade games, or sequels to arcade games, though they are also a common genre among amateur
656:, a side-scrolling action game some platform elements: jumping between vines, jumping or running beneath bouncing boulders. It was quickly re-released as
7646:
2442:
is especially notable because unlike most 2D platformers in the twenty-first century, it came out for a non-portable console and was not restricted to a
1106:'s perceived rebellious attitude became a model for game mascots. Other companies attempted to duplicate Sega's success with their own brightly colored
1095:
showcased a new style of design made possible by a new generation of hardware: large stages that scrolled in all directions, curved hills, loops, and a
82:
between points in an environment. Platform games are characterized by levels with uneven terrain and suspended platforms of varying height that require
6239:
6072:
2187:
In the seventh generation of consoles, despite the genre having a smaller presence in the gaming market, some platformers found success. In late 2007,
2156:
platformers had a 15% share of the market, and an even higher share in their prime. Four years later that figure had dropped to 2%. Even the acclaimed
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A second generation of platformers for computers appeared alongside the new wave of consoles. In the latter half of the 1980s and early 1990s, the
7002:
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2696:
943:
level progression where the player is able to choose the order in which they complete levels. This was a stark contrast to both linear games like
7477:
6811:
6786:
4684:
4389:
2020:
5919:
5144:
4254:
2847:
which uses compact level design and camera rotation in order to reach the goal and find secrets and collectibles. Despite lacking jump ability,
266:
magazine, among others, referred to the genre as "Donkey Kong-type" or "Kong-style" games. "Climbing games" was used in Steve Bloom's 1982 book
8107:
6507:
5397:
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pioneered many of the defining elements of cinematic platformers and is an important precursor to this genre. Other games in the genre include
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527:
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includes a scrolling platform level where the character runs and leaps along the top of a moving train. The character is little more than a
2422:
1198:. These fueled a brief burst of episodic platformers where the first was freely distributed and parts 2 and 3 were available for purchase.
1083:
908:
that scrolled in all directions and allowed the player character to make huge multistory jumps to navigate the vertically oriented levels.
5049:
3451:
7044:
5608:
4151:
Conference
Proceedings: Conference, March 15–19 : Expo, March 16–18, San Jose, CA : the Game Development Platform for Real Life
882:, which was critically acclaimed for a balance between open-ended and guided exploration. Another platform-adventure released that year,
7289:
6288:
1074:
581:
243:
originally called it a "running/jumping/climbing game" while developing it. Miyamoto commonly used the term "athletic game" to refer to
4545:
2515:
platformer that mixed traditional elements with modern physics puzzles. The game sold more than 1.1 million copies, and a sequel,
6833:
6323:
4880:
4745:
4011:
3847:
3678:(2009) as "the title that single-handedly invented the smartphone-friendly single-button running genre" and spawned a wave of clones.
3417:
3011:
2990:
2782:
2714:
Puzzle-platformers are characterized by their use of a platformer structure to drive a game whose challenge is derived primarily from
2056:
1264:
1139:
4735:
2524:
The year 2017 saw the release of several 3D platformers, leading the media to speculate about a revival of the genre. These included
370:
became a common term for the genre by 1989, popularized by its usage in the United
Kingdom press. Examples include referring to the "
8533:
7562:
5864:
5274:
4829:
4309:
4225:
3957:
3193:
3183:
3023:
1596:
1024:
525:, with 256 horizontally connected screens, became one of the best-selling games on the system and was a breakthrough for the genre.
6218:
4905:
6859:
1392:
The first platformers to simulate a 3D perspective and moving camera emerged in the early-mid-1980s. An early example of this was
6902:
6014:
5961:
5776:
5572:
3514:
3257:
2306:
180:. Typical platforming gameplay tends to be very dynamic and challenges a player's reflexes, timing, and dexterity with controls.
5993:
5422:
4851:
1610:. It used true 3D characters and set pieces, but its environments were rendered using a rigid engine similar to the one used by
800:, with skateboarding segments that gave the game a greater sense of speed than other platformers at the time, while its sequel,
8665:
8263:
8188:
7908:
2578:
2458:
2394:
2370:
2000:
1152:
1040:
775:. It has horizontal and vertical scrolling levels, the ability to punch enemies and obstacles, and shops for the player to buy
486:
6521:
6022:
5718:
7639:
6880:
6180:
4520:
4295:
3410:
franchises are among the most popular games of this sort, and so games that take this type of approach are often labeled as "
3045:
2982:
2843:
1103:
750:
225:, where the main character is always moving forward and the player must dodge or jump to avoid falling or hitting obstacles.
6947:
2645:
6410:
6352:
6094:
5448:
5199:
5021:
4381:
843:
One of the first platformers to scroll in all four directions freely and follow the on-screen character's movement is in a
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7208:
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4299:
3445:
3123:
2774:
1778:
1415:
965:
898:
820:
746:
177:
136:
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7353:
7228:
4490:
4444:
8193:
8178:
8043:
7951:
6547:
3732:
3647:
2077:
2026:
1651:
1341:
1309:
characters rendered in 3D, but retained 2D gameplay and used pre-rendered 2D sprites for regular characters, similar to
1172:
7433:
6739:
6160:
5824:
5667:
5520:
4972:
4415:
5643:
3028:
2452:
1930:
1455:
1190:
309:, the reviewer used a different term: "I'm going to call this a ladder game, as in the 'ladder genre,' which includes
6043:
5308:
5169:
4212:
Kohler, Chris (2016). "Chapter 3: The Play
Control of Power Fantasies: Nintendo, Super Mario, and Shigeru Miyamoto".
1616:, in that it could only render square, flat corridors, rather than suspended platforms that could be jumped between.
1347:
1184:
1044:, which is a game that also included an AI partner: a dog who followed the player around and aid in battle. In 1990,
7860:
6698:
3239:, helped to establish the conventions of early isometric platformers. This formula was repeated in later games like
8731:
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8285:
8125:
8050:
3039:
2943:
1772:
1672:
1637:. Due in part to conflicts with Sega Enterprises in Japan and a rushed schedule, the game never made it to market.
1602:
1403:
1206:
The abundance of platformers for 16-bit consoles continued late into the generation, with successful games such as
975:
802:
771:
6572:
6204:
4060:
3973:
2101:, a series that became less about traditional platforming with each sequel. A hybrid platformer/shooter game from
1751:
but which has since become standard. The analog stick provided the fine precision needed with a free perspective.
8655:
8561:
8500:
7666:
7632:
7259:
6661:
5505:
5329:
5222:
5095:
4330:
3798:
3653:
3624:
3330:
2810:
2438:
2038:
1064:, a late platformer for the Famicom allowed players to build a character from a toy box filled with spare parts.
914:
687:(1983) put a recognizable character from American comic strips into side-scrolling, jumping gameplay similar to
683:
628:
594:
515:
Beginning in 1982, transitional games emerged with non-scrolling levels spanning multiple screens. David Crane's
453:
417:
351:
235:
105:
5886:
1713:, developed by a Japanese company called Xing and released for PlayStation in early 1996, before the release of
724:
described the game as "the pioneer of action games with horizontally running background." According to
Iwatani,
445:, in which the player character scales vertically scrolling skyscrapers. The unreleased 1979 Intellivision game
8545:
8115:
8006:
7988:
7841:
7148:
6907:
5743:
4249:
3978:
3581:
3572:
3439:
3393:
2788:
2611:
2599:
2443:
2358:
2134:
2014:
1857:
1620:
1319:
1280:
811:
402:
262:
5111:
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4241:
3891:
Yamashita, Akira (8 January 1989). "Shigeru
Miyamoto Interview: The Culmination of The Athletic Game Genre".
8480:
8170:
7998:
3752:
2831:
2584:
2572:
2478:. Nintendo also experimented with 3D platformers that had gameplay elements from 2D platformers, leading to
2470:
2464:
2119:
1988:
1914:
1490:
1444:
1035:
786:
712:
is a bidirectional, horizontally-scrolling, arcade video game with walking, running, jumping, springboards,
4466:
3909:
2085:
franchise into the third dimension, but future sequels to this game did not opt for the 3D platform genre.
8528:
8523:
8439:
8317:
8092:
7903:
7877:
7831:
7531:
4356:
4125:
4078:
3568:
3288:
3241:
3105:
2860:
2732:
2491:
2339:
2044:
1797:
1703:
1526:
1118:
497:
355:
7118:
5001:
4800:
4777:
4705:
3775:
This estimate is based on the number of platform games released on specific systems. For example, on the
3374:
is a 2017 platform-adventure game where the player explores the world while avoiding dangerous creatures.
334:
Another term used in the late 1980s to 1990s was "character action games", in reference to games such as
8475:
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Games in the genre are most commonly called "comical action games" (CAGs) in Japan. The original arcade
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1924:
1838:
1828:
1759:
1684:
1607:
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1229:
1030:
935:
807:
384:
214:
Most games of this genre consist of multiple levels of increasing difficulty that may be interleaved by
121:
8444:
7183:
7012:
4934:
4192:
3365:
2556:
632:. Players control a bouncing car that jumps on various platforms such as buildings, clouds, and hills.
233:
Various names were used in the years following the release of the first established game in the genre,
145:(1982), allows moving left and right through series of non-scrolling screens, expanding the play area.
7613:
7466:
6807:
6782:
4676:
1766:
offered more traditional platforming. Until then there was no settled way to make 3D platformers, but
1333:. In a break from the past, the Nintendo 64 had the fewest side scrolling platformers with only four;
473:
was ported to many consoles and computers at the time, notably as the system-selling pack-in game for
8726:
8538:
8429:
8273:
8069:
7763:
7721:
6499:
5916:
5389:
4271:
3779:, 113 of the 347 games (32.5 percent) listed on vgmuseum.com are platform games, and 264 of the 1044
3684:(2011), a one-button endless runner viewed from the first person, that was described as a "hybrid of
3593:
3493:
3275:
3189:
3111:
2925:
2629:
2486:
2333:
2226:
2075:
s popularity continued, though the franchise's third game was not as well received as the first two.
1975:
1940:
1833:
1824:
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partners, such as a droid, tiger, and hawk, to help fight enemies. Another Sega release in 1989 was
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8033:
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7500:
7331:
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6624:
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4342:
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3093:
2888:
2821:
2639:
2605:
2546:
2480:
2432:
2345:
2276:
1994:
1935:
1754:
In most 2D platformers, the player finished a level by following a path to a certain point, but in
1398:
1238:
1224:(1995), but the release of new hardware caused players' attention to move away from 2D genres. The
1050:
703:
189:
31:
5800:
5360:
4524:
1143:, originally a late release for the 8-bit Apple II in 1989, featured a high quality of animation.
8696:
8638:
8300:
8268:
8143:
8120:
7976:
7946:
7781:
7751:
7279:
Parish, Jeremy. "Metroidvania
Chronicles IV: The Goonies II". Telebunny. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
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further pushed the genre away from such gameplay, as did
Universal Interactive Studios' rebooted
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1465:
1314:
1306:
1157:
940:
571:
557:
340:
301:
6123:"Blast from the past: How this generation enabled platformers to crash back into the mainstream"
6095:""We might have overachieved, to be honest": The making of Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy"
4107:. Vol. 2, no. 1. United States: Carnegie Publications. September 1983. pp. 49–51.
3188:
Isometric platformers present a three-dimensional environment using two-dimensional graphics in
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2315:
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1724:
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1431:
1406:
perspective while having to jump over pits and obstacles. Originally released in 1983 for the
1220:
1069:
741:
458:
435:, is sometimes credited as the first platformer. Another precursor to the genre from 1980 was
249:
215:
151:
55:
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4324:
4119:
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problem solving, forcing the player to find the right way to overcome a particular obstacle.
2740:) are perhaps the first examples, though the genre is diverse, and classifications can vary.
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8602:
8389:
8384:
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109:, released in 1981, established a template for what were initially called "climbing games".
79:
6435:
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4003:
2030:
were attempts to modernise classic video games of the 1980s using the 3D platformer genre,
1410:
computer, it was subsequently ported to various platforms the following year, including an
959:
as the basis for the non-linear mission structure found in most open-world, multi-mission,
612:
The first platformer to use scrolling graphics came years before the genre became popular.
8660:
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8205:
7826:
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7232:
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6187:
5923:
5807:
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4855:
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3492:, side-scrolling, 2D platform-adventures in the vein of "Metroidvania" include Nintendo's
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2285:(2014) is a more traditional, retro-style platformer: it draws heavy influence from early
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1949:
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used scripted cameras that limited player control. Games with more open environments like
1709:
1629:, was to have featured a radically different approach for the series, with an exaggerated
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with attitude. These often were characterized by impatience, sarcasm, and frequent quips.
854:
853:, which comprises a number of mini-games, including a simple platformer. One of the first
576:
502:
221:
A modern variant of the platform game, especially significant on mobile platforms, is the
8422:
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5856:
5548:
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to withdraw from high-budget console games, though its sales in Europe were respectable.
1667:, which was a 3D first-person shooter game with platforming. Players piloted a frog-like
17:
3317:
1733:(1996) replaced the linear obstacle courses of traditional platformers with vast worlds.
8305:
8011:
7895:
7807:
7802:
7693:
7438:
7122:
4177:
3869:
3610:
3520:
3508:
3475:
3300:
3280:
3269:
2894:
2825:, are first-person games that use portals to solve puzzles in 3D. Since the release of
2795:
Through independent game development, this genre has experienced a revival since 2014.
2406:
2376:
2364:
2281:
2143:
2113:
1909:
1882:
1847:
1792:
1784:
1739:
1729:
1689:
1647:
1612:
1162:
994:, and the genre continued to maintain its popularity, with many games released for the
970:
859:
378:
360:
222:
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5772:
2865:
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Floating Runner: Quest for the 7 Crystals (フローティングランナー 7つの水晶の物語) - PlayStation (1996)
5564:
5418:
3776:
3544:
3534:
3429:
3143:
2829:, there have been more puzzle-platformers which use a first-person camera, including
2655:
2650:
2554:, became one of the best-selling and best-reviewed games in the franchise's history.
2532:
2417:
2269:
2148:
1744:
1663:
1480:
1469:
1178:
1067:
In 1990, the Super
Famicom was released in Japan, along with the eagerly anticipated
1018:
909:
888:
872:
766:
552:
547:
508:
441:
7149:"Ori and the Will of the Wisps is "Three Times the Scope and Scale" of Blind Forest"
2123:. Ironically, Microsoft later found more success with their 2003 take on the genre,
411:
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6279:
5936:
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5593:
5393:
5364:
5223:"A Detailed Cross-Examination of Yesterday and Today's Best-Selling Platform Games"
3799:"A Detailed Cross-Examination of Yesterday and Today's Best-Selling Platform Games"
3780:
3719:
3576:
3554:
3549:
3411:
3360:
3263:
3156:
3081:
2769:
2763:
2757:
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2537:
2526:
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2398:, released in 2008, was a 2D platformer with a rich visual style. Later games like
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in arcades, which scrolled in multiple directions and allowed the player to summon
1014:
721:
696:
674:
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619:
532:
474:
115:
38:
3997:
5191:
4149:
3273:. This influence later traveled to Europe with Adeline Software's sprawling epic
2245:
featured stages with both 2D and 3D platformer gameplay, a formula used later in
1100:
Genesis, which had a CPU clock speed approximately double that of the Super NES.
276:(US)—which ran a cover feature called "The Player's Guide to Climbing Games"—and
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8571:
8394:
8367:
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8148:
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3137:
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The popularity of 2D platformers rose in the 2010s. Nintendo revived the genre.
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642:
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492:
427:
421:(1981) level demonstrates jumping between platforms, the genre's defining trait.
406:
372:
311:
282:
131:
99:
75:
7205:
6835:
The NES Encyclopedia: Every Game Released for the Nintendo Entertainment System
6453:
5050:"Playing With Power: Great Ideas That Have Changed Gaming Forever from 1UP.com"
2911:
There are games which have a lot of shooting but do not fall in this subgenre.
2653:-exclusive games made by Insomniac. On August 25, 2021, the Kickstarter-funded
2012:-influenced platformer, Argonaut Software returned with a new platformer named
892:, was critically panned for its vagueness and weak game design. That same year
857:-based platformers to scroll fluidly in all directions in this manner is 1985's
8643:
8619:
8566:
8454:
8158:
8077:
7363:
7225:
6244:
6209:
6127:
5252:
5025:
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3713:
3489:
3463:
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3235:
3221:
3162:
3149:
2900:
2502:
2327:
2050:
1763:
1530:
1244:
952:
781:
522:
500:. It laid the groundwork for other two-player cooperative platformers such as
436:
199:
91:
4740:(1 ed.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. 207–208.
4214:
Power-Up: How Japanese Video Games Gave the World an Extra Life, 2016 Edition
1861:, one of the few 3D games to stick with linear levels. Moreover, many of the
8417:
8335:
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8016:
7599:
7390:
7039:
6975:
6150:
5834:
5747:
5677:
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5530:
5334:
4651:
4411:
4281:
3949:
3839:
3803:
3294:
3099:
2931:
2726:
2661:
2183:(2009) mixed traditional platform elements with more modern physics puzzles.
2139:
2005:
1954:
1694:
1357:—and most met with a tepid response from critics at the time. Despite this,
1208:
1147:
1002:
960:
923:
761:
623:
194:
5653:
1137:
showed that computer platformers could rival their console contemporaries.
6861:
Electronic Games - Volume 01 Number 11 (1983-01)(Reese Communications)(US)
6375:"'Crash Bandicoot N Sane Trilogy' Has Sold Over 2.5 Million Copies On PS4"
5304:
1747:
on its Nintendo 64 controller, a feature that had not been seen since the
1383:, while those that have 3D graphics but gameplay on a 2D plane are called
699:
and Atari 8-bit computers added uneven terrain to a scrolling platformer.
8681:
8633:
8579:
8505:
8495:
8374:
8087:
7254:
6971:"Koji Igarashi says Castlevania: SotN was inspired by Zelda, not Metroid"
6319:
6155:
5612:
3680:
3674:
3587:
3529:
3051:
2949:
2870:
2567:
2301:
was released in 2006 and sold 30 million copies worldwide, making it the
2204:
1970:
1583:
1534:
1274:
1133:
1122:
998:
988:
Scrolling platformers went portable in the late 1980s with games such as
776:
713:
708:
614:
604:
517:
462:
208:
184:
146:
141:
87:
49:
3946:
I Am Error: The Nintendo Family Computer / Entertainment System Platform
1502:
167:
released every year, including some which have sold millions of copies.
44:
7981:
7358:
7235:
7178:
7007:
6699:"DIFFERENCES IN DESIGN: VIDEO GAME DESIGN IN PRE AND POST 9/11 AMERICA"
6151:"Bitter medicine: What does the game industry have against innovation?"
5829:
4197:
3914:
3400:
2955:
2919:
2792:, the first handheld title in its series, is also a puzzle-platformer.
2737:
2597:
In the ninth generation of consoles, the platformer remains important.
2517:
2356:, there was a spate of 2D platformers. These ranged from revivals like
2203:
was awarded the Best Game of 2007 by high-profile gaming websites like
1896:
1878:
1748:
1516:
1060:
878:
836:
717:
646:
combines jumping over obstacles and shooting attackers. A month later,
292:
83:
3753:"What is a Platform Game? | 10 Design Types & Video Game Examples"
2710:
is a 2012 puzzle-platformer based around mechanics of screen rotation.
2225:
paired traditional 2D-platformer gameplay with physics simulation and
1676:
released outside Japan, so it remains relatively unknown in the West.
1028:, which was only modestly successful. That same year, Capcom released
211:
and give the main character new abilities for overcoming adversities.
7608:
7467:"[Geim Keurieiteo] Geimbil 'Nom' gihoek Sin Bong-gu siljang"
6761:
Bevan, Mike (December 2013). "The History of... Impossible Mission".
6379:
4973:"Gamasutra - Gems In The Rough: Yesterday's Concepts Mined For Today"
3499:
3215:, released in February 1983. Another early isometric platformer, the
3205:
3127:
was the first cinematic platformer to utilize real-time 3D graphics.
3117:
3033:
3015:
was the first cinematic platformer and perhaps the most influential.
2883:
2615:(2020), developed by Sumo Digital, was a PlayStation 5 launch title.
2450:, Nintendo released more 2D platformers in their classic franchises:
2068:
1891:
1658:
1393:
1325:
1255:
930:
904:
893:
661:
324:
7624:
6407:"Rob's Retro Reviews: 17 Sub-Genres of Platformer Games | List"
5962:"Intuitive Interaction and Expressive Cinematography in Video Games"
1961:, but its levels were more linear, fast-paced, and action-oriented.
1831:
captured significant market share. Even so, the platformer thrived.
1236:
nevertheless featured a number of successful 2D platformers. The 2D
599:
5107:
3672:
While the concept thus was long known in Korea, journalists credit
2773:
was more of a mix of puzzle and traditional platform elements. The
2117:
trilogy and Microsoft's attempt to create a mascot for the Xbox in
1788:
borrowed its format, and the "collect-a-thon" genre began to form.
1721:
used D-pad controls and a behind-the-character camera perspective.
1425:
1986 saw the release of the sequel to forward-scrolling platformer
8626:
8467:
3364:
2864:
2691:
2475:
2275:
2219:, it was the most critically acclaimed game of all time. In 2008,
2173:
1986:
Other notable 3D platformers trickled out during this generation.
1723:
1623:, with bringing Sonic the Hedgehog into 3D. Their project, titled
1557:(1995) extended traditional platformer gameplay in all directions.
1547:
1538:
1501:
1268:
revitalized its series and established a new foundation for later
1114:
919:
647:
598:
466:
432:
410:
346:
43:
7003:"Metroidvania: Rekindling a Love Affair with the Old and the New"
6911:. No. 26 (December 1983). 16 November 1983. pp. 31, 33.
5565:"KONAMIのMSX往年の名作がWiiバーチャルコンソールに登場、第2弾として『メタルギア』の配信も決定 - ファミ通.com"
3209:(1981), which Sega followed with the arcade isometric platformer
1156:
was one of the first attempts at a Nintendo-style platformer for
6284:
6249:
6214:
3525:
3197:
3141:
is generally recognized as the originator of this genre, though
2721:
2512:
1901:
1668:
1657:
In 1994, a small developer called Exact released a game for the
1562:
1553:
1385:
867:
756:
566:
126:
7628:
3982:. No. 26 (December 1983). 16 November 1983. pp. 40–1.
2851:
still navigates the environment via unique movement mechanics.
973:
mechanic that has since appeared in dozens of games, including
779:
and vehicles. Another Sega series that began that same year is
4859:
3311:
2208:
1407:
1055:
113:
inspired many clones and games with similar elements, such as
7472:[ Director Sin Bong-Gu, planner of Gamevil's `Nom`].
6875:
6669:
Video Game History: From Bouncing Blocks to a Global Industry
6313:"Financial Results Briefing for Fiscal Year Ended March 2009"
2054:
each developed a cult following. In Europe specifically, the
1865:'s bestsellers were first- and second-party platformers like
1402:, where the player controls a penguin in a forward-scrolling
1365:
rode high on the charts in the months following its release.
159:
gained traction in the late 1980s, as did the alternate form
7250:"The History of Castlevania - Castlevania II: Simon's Quest"
4770:"EXCLUSIVE: Interview with Toru Iwatani, creator of Pac-Man"
3793:
3791:
3789:
3657:(1983) has elements of runner games, keeping the jumping of
2591:
SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom – Rehydrated
2576:
was called a "puzzle-platformer without a jump button." The
1795:
more difficult. Some of the more linear 3D platformers like
8253:
4121:
Playing at the Next Level: A History of American Sega Games
1073:. The following year, Nintendo released the console as the
677:, but the acrobatics evoke the movement that games such as
4201:. Vol. 1, no. 10. September 1993. pp. 14–5.
4160:(or any other character action game for that matter) in 3D
2904:. Side-scrolling run-and-gun games marry platformers with
2780:
was also successful and saw a sequel on Game Boy Advance:
2550:, which returned the series to the open-ended gameplay of
1472:. Using a forward-scrolling effect similar to Sega's 1985
3379:
Many games fuse platformer fundamentals with elements of
2755:
This subgenre has a strong presence on handheld systems.
2609:(2020), which came pre-installed on every PlayStation 5.
2263:
platformers were released in 2007 and 2008, and in 2013,
7614:
The evolution of gaming: computers, consoles, and arcade
7563:"Temple Run 2 is the fastest-spreading mobile game ever"
6944:"These Metroidvania games are neither Metroid nor Vania"
6349:"Trine Sells 1.1 Million Copies Ahead of Sequel Release"
912:
also released its own take on the platform-action game,
626:
and released to arcades in 1981, only five months after
561:
won the first award for Best Platform game in 1984 from
7417:
Swipe This!: The Guide to Great Touchscreen Game Design
7317:
7315:
5079:(PlayStation). Level/area: Instruction manual, page 18.
4615:
Attract Mode: The Rise and Fall of Coin-Op Arcade Games
4598:
Attract Mode: The Rise and Fall of Coin-Op Arcade Games
3335:
7427:
7425:
4253:(Complete Guide to Consoles): 46–77. 16 October 1989.
3661:, but replacing the vehicle with a cartoon character.
1770:
inspired a shift in design. Later 3D platformers like
1679:
The following year, Exact released their follow-up to
963:-heavy games. Another Capcom platformer that year was
551:(1984) continued this style of multi-screen levels on
7174:"Famicom 25th, Part 17: Live from The Nippon edition"
6015:"Sega of Japans Comments on Dreamcast Discontinuance"
5044:
5042:
4952:"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier".
4737:
The Untold History of Japanese Game Developers Vol. 2
2627:(2021), a short campaign added to the Switch port of
2146:
genre LucasArts had been known for on titles such as
7035:"Microsoft Confirms 'Summer Of Arcade' XBLA Line-Up"
5626:"Hironobu Sakaguchi: The Man Behind the Fantasies".
5515:
5513:
3639:(1982) and chase-style gameplay in platformers like
2291:
games and features pixelated, sprite-based graphics.
1633:
camera and multidirectional gameplay reminiscent of
585:, which further expanded on the exploration aspect.
30:
For the use of platinum in catalytic reforming, see
8674:
8590:
8554:
8516:
8410:
8403:
8328:
8244:
8219:
8169:
8134:
8106:
8068:
8059:
7997:
7967:
7937:
7894:
7868:
7795:
7772:
7707:
7684:
7675:
5473:. SF Kosmo (archived from GameSpot). Archived from
5447:. SF Kosmo (archived from GameSpot). Archived from
4935:"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier"
3939:
3937:
1973:console without a platformer. However, it released
876:. The following year saw the release of Nintendo's
6116:
6114:
4343:"Hard Hat - Mattel Intellivision - Games Database"
2882:The run-and-gun platform genre was popularised by
2669:genre, and was a critical and commercial success.
2462:. In 2012, they released two more 2D platformers:
2142:, for the first time combined influences from the
97:The genre started with the 1980 arcade video game
7434:"DON'T STOP: THE GAME THAT CONQUERED SMARTPHONES"
5544:
5542:
5540:
5495:
5493:
5491:
4967:
4965:
3829:
3827:
3825:
2892:. Among the most popular games in this style are
2665:(2020) amalgamates platforming elements into the
6876:"Congo Bongo (Registration Number PA0000184737)"
6618:
6616:
5275:"The 12 Greatest PC Shareware Games of All-Time"
4515:
4513:
4101:"Video Games Player 1983 Golden Joystick Awards"
3304:was Sonic's outing into the isometric subgenre.
2874:is a run-and-gun platformer that spoofs several
2313:eventually sold over eight million units, while
2196:Ratchet & Clank Future: Tools of Destruction
6240:"Ratchet and Clank Future (PS3: 2007): Reviews"
3910:"Super Mario Bros.' 25th: Miyamoto Reveals All"
2603:(2018), a PlayStation VR game, was followed by
2494:. Both were critical and commercial successes.
2138:. Crackpot, composed of former developers from
6475:"Review: Wario Land II (3DS eShop / Game Boy)"
5638:
5636:
2965:are all platformers with shooting, but unlike
7640:
7386:"Game Design Essentials: 20 Open World Games"
7354:"8-Bit Cafe: The Shadow Complex Origin Story"
4844:
4842:
2199:were received well by both critics and fans.
2162:saw modest sales at first, leading publisher
1117:was a strong gaming platform with its custom
759:attempted to emulate this success with their
8:
6923:"Little Big Adventure – Hardcore Gaming 101"
6738:. Turner Broadcasting System. Archived from
5795:
5793:
2799:uses time manipulation for its puzzles, and
2229:, earning it strong sales and good reviews.
1837:became one of the bestselling series on the
1594:released a 3D sequel to their 2D platformer
1519:platformer is a French computer game called
7067:"Castlevania: Symphony of the Night (XBLA)"
5137:"History of: The Sonic The Hedgehog Series"
4280:. No. 19 (June 1989). United Kingdom:
3944:Altice, Nathan (2015). "Chapter 2: Ports".
1650:, it had to be constrained to stop it from
78:in which the core objective is to move the
8407:
8065:
7681:
7647:
7633:
7625:
7215:, Castlevania Dungeon, accessed 2011-02-27
6307:
6305:
5926:, Hardcore Gaming 101 (September 26, 2011)
5622:
5620:
2999:make extensive use of elevator platforms.
2633:, bridged the gap between the gameplay of
2066:series achieved popularity and sold well.
1447:elements such as upgrading equipment, and
1361:sold over a million copies in the US, and
1125:was solidly supported as well. Games like
535:that same year, adding uneven terrain and
7226:Metroidvania Chronicles II: Simon's Quest
6205:"Super Mario Galaxy (Wii: 2007): Reviews"
5002:Column: 'Might Have Been' - Telenet Japan
4467:"The Rise of Nintendo: A Story in 8 Bits"
4181:. No. 50. July 1993. pp. 102–4.
2389:Henry Hatsworth in the Puzzling Adventure
2132:In 2008, Crackpot Entertainment released
1379:
1215:Donkey Kong Country 2: Diddy's Kong Quest
870:released the action-adventure platformer
608:(1981) introduced scrolling to the genre.
203:, both from 1982. In some games, such as
7119:"Commodore Castleroid: Knight 'n' Grail"
6597:"The Best Run And Gun Games of All Time"
6455:Top 100 SNES Games of All Time - IGN.com
4928:
4926:
4924:
4922:
4061:"Reviews Explained: The Game Categories"
3991:
3989:
2621:(2020) was released to critical praise.
2490:(2013) for the Wii U, the latter having
1947:In 1998, Sega produced a 3D Sonic game,
1058:'s mascot. The following year, Takeru's
706:rather than the maze game, Namco's 1984
350:. It was also applied more generally to
290:, and despite the top down perspective,
6632:The making of a strategy game art guide
3744:
3225:, was later released in November 1983.
1619:Sega had tasked their American studio,
1443:elements, a greater variety of levels,
139:. Another popular game of that period,
7446:from the original on December 17, 2016
6429:
6427:
6387:from the original on December 22, 2017
5691:de Dinechin, Christophe (2007-11-08).
4028:"The Player's Guide to Climbing Games"
3863:Paumgarten, Nick (December 13, 2010).
3283:, and isometric platforming elements.
1957:console. It used a hub structure like
1242:was a big success on 32-bit consoles.
955:credits the "level select" feature of
732:as an influence on the development of
247:and later games in the genre, such as
7573:from the original on February 4, 2013
7561:Purchese, Robert (February 1, 2013).
7419:by Scott Rogers, Wiley and Sons, 2012
5897:from the original on 11 December 2015
5887:"First platform videogame in true 3D"
5233:from the original on October 27, 2007
5130:
5128:
4734:Szczepaniak, John (4 November 2015).
4154:. The Conference. 1999. p. 299.
3427:Other examples of such games include
2303:best-selling game for the Nintendo DS
1305:(1994). The game featured levels and
765:series, which started in 1986 on the
103:, which has ladders but not jumping.
7:
7511:from the original on 2 February 2013
7469:[게임 크리에이터] 게임빌 `놈` 기획 신봉구 실장
6625:"The Cinematic Platformer Art Guide"
6351:. industrygamers.com. Archived from
6121:Henley, Stacey (December 16, 2020).
6044:"Rayman 2: The Great Escape Reviews"
5867:from the original on 16 October 2015
5575:from the original on 30 October 2017
5285:from the original on October 4, 2018
5253:"Amiga 600 Technical Specifications"
5202:from the original on 11 January 2013
5192:"Twenty years of Sonic the Hedgehog"
5022:"Gaming's most important evolutions"
4612:Lendino, Jamie (27 September 2020).
4595:Lendino, Jamie (27 September 2020).
4382:"Gaming's most important evolutions"
4260:from the original on 5 January 2021.
3922:from the original on January 5, 2015
3783:games (25.2 percent) are platformers
3664:In February 2003, Gamevil published
3651:(1996) as forerunners of the genre.
3524:in 1987 again by Konami, as well as
2021:Dragon's Lair 3D: Return to the Lair
1389:, as they are a blend of 2D and 3D.
7384:Harris, John (September 26, 2007).
7206:Castlevania 2: Simon's Quest (1988)
7069:. Gamers Daily News. Archived from
6634:. Uppsala Universitet. p. 70.
6573:"A History of Run-and-Gun Shooters"
4983:from the original on 1 October 2018
4601:. Steel Gear Press. pp. 222–3.
4392:from the original on March 19, 2012
2566:came out for Microsoft Windows and
2307:best-selling non-bundled video game
1221:Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island
1075:Super Nintendo Entertainment System
1054:, with a protagonist positioned as
618:is a platform-shooter developed by
323:magazine in 1983 when it named the
7542:from the original on June 16, 2016
7532:"Fotonica: You Need This Game Now"
7398:from the original on June 24, 2008
6903:"Awesome Ants Leap to the Attack!"
6623:Bexander, Cecilia (January 2014).
6571:Keil, Alyssa (February 11, 2020).
5273:Edwards, Benj (January 22, 2012).
5255:. Amiga History. December 15, 2002
5221:Boutros, Daniel (August 4, 2006).
4937:. Hardcore Gaming 101. p. 4.
4495:, Crash, 1984–1985, archived from
3836:Game Design Deep Dive: Platformers
3418:Castlevania: Symphony of the Night
2659:was released to critical acclaim.
2618:Crash Bandicoot 4: It's About Time
1707:. Another early 3D platformer was
1511:(1990) was an early 3D platformer.
1265:Castlevania: Symphony of the Night
528:Smurf: Rescue in Gargamel's Castle
135:(1983) adds a third dimension via
25:
7499:Faraday, Owen (21 January 2013).
7480:from the original on July 9, 2016
7352:Jeremy Parish (August 18, 2009).
7248:Mike Whalen, Giancarlo Varanini.
7172:Parish, Jeremy (August 1, 2008).
6711:from the original on 7 March 2014
6678:from the original on 7 March 2014
6641:from the original on 7 March 2014
6373:Kain, Erik (September 24, 2017).
6069:"Rayman 3: Hoodlum Havoc Reviews"
5668:"JJ: Tobidase Daisakusen Part II"
5011:, GameSetWatch, December 17, 2007
4523:. IGN. 2008-03-24. Archived from
4118:Horowitz, Ken (21 October 2016).
3974:"Gorilla Keeps on Climbing! Kong"
3623:Game designer Scott Rogers named
3452:Wonder Boy III: The Dragon's Trap
3421:popularized this approach in the
3184:Isometric graphics in video games
1119:video hardware and sound hardware
1025:Alex Kidd in the Enchanted Castle
716:, and a series of unique levels.
382:) as platform games, and calling
7859:
7296:. 6 October 2017. Archived from
6942:Fletcher, JC (August 20, 2009).
6732:"Prince of Persia Retrospective"
6510:from the original on 2019-12-09.
6149:Sinclair, Brendan (2005-12-20).
4873:"Hardcore Gaming 101: Wonderboy"
4801:"The Ultimate Guide to Pac-Land"
4618:. Steel Gear Press. p. 222.
3316:
2767:continued this tradition, while
1683:. An early title for Sony's new
1009:Second-generation side-scrollers
565:magazine. Later that same year,
7330:. GameSpite.net. Archived from
7129:from the original on 2009-05-15
7047:from the original on 2009-07-12
7033:Alexander, Leigh (2009-07-09).
6983:from the original on 2014-03-22
6969:Matulef, Jeffery (2014-03-21).
6814:from the original on 2015-09-04
6789:from the original on 2015-09-04
6329:from the original on 2011-06-29
6291:from the original on 2011-11-06
6256:from the original on 2012-08-27
6221:from the original on 2017-05-06
6163:from the original on 2006-12-08
6075:from the original on 2009-03-04
6050:from the original on 2009-03-12
5996:from the original on 2007-04-21
5779:from the original on 2006-12-10
5754:from the original on 2007-10-15
5744:"Fade to Black - DOS Cover Art"
5699:from the original on 2011-02-28
5425:from the original on 2007-04-21
5400:from the original on 2009-03-19
5371:from the original on 2009-04-02
5342:from the original on 2007-10-27
5311:from the original on 2016-04-02
5305:"A Look Back at Commander Keen"
5114:from the original on 2007-01-25
4941:from the original on 2011-01-13
4908:from the original on 2006-03-07
4883:from the original on 2010-01-07
4716:from the original on 2018-06-03
4687:from the original on 2018-06-12
4658:from the original on 2007-10-15
4577:from the original on 2012-10-07
4465:Harris, Blake J. (2014-05-14).
4447:from the original on 2018-01-05
4418:from the original on 2017-12-01
4363:from the original on 2007-10-20
4042:from the original on 2016-03-19
3811:from the original on 2007-10-27
2809:rotation. In contrast to these
2646:Ratchet & Clank: Rift Apart
2579:Crash Bandicoot N. Sane Trilogy
2395:Wario Land: The Shake Dimension
2001:Billy Hatcher and the Giant Egg
1575:sprites, much like the earlier
1153:The Adventures of Captain Comic
818:in turn inspired games such as
496:, a platformer with two-player
388:a "platform and ladders" game.
319:." That label was also used by
39:Casey Newton § Platformer
7432:Parkin, Simon (June 7, 2013).
7204:Kurt Kalata and William Cain,
6881:United States Copyright Office
6832:Scullion, Chris (2019-03-30).
6671:. Greenwood Press. p. 4.
6662:"Visual Design in Video Games"
5825:"Forgotten Gem: Jumping Flash"
5719:"Before Their Time: Cover Art"
5469:Johnston, Chris (1997-10-02).
5443:Johnston, Chris (1997-11-06).
5052:. 17 June 2006. Archived from
4388:. October 8, 2010. p. 3.
4359:. Arcade History. 2006-11-21.
3700:s perspective (and hands) and
3154:games. Other examples include
2983:Category:Cinematic platformers
2844:Captain Toad: Treasure Tracker
2446:. A year after the success of
2215:. At that point, according to
1493:. Square released its sequel,
1329:brought the 2.5D style to the
1254:helped revitalize interest in
751:Guinness Book of World Records
1:
7095:. Game Sprite. Archived from
7001:Parish, Jeremy (2009-07-23).
6838:. Pen and Sword. p. 30.
6347:Williams, M.H. (2011-12-08).
6093:Avard, Alex (12 March 2021).
4904:. Killer List of Videogames.
4799:Bevan, Mike (22 March 2014).
4301:Chris Crawford on Game Design
4284:. 18 May 1989. pp. 24–5.
4079:"Stocking Stuffers: Beer Run"
3446:Ori and the Will of the Wisps
2841:. In 2014, Nintendo released
1077:in North America, along with
792:in 1986 was inspired more by
747:Nintendo Entertainment System
37:For the tech newsletter, see
7465:Han, Ji-suk (May 28, 2004).
6524:. 2011-06-19. Archived from
6275:"Super Mario Galaxy Reviews"
6021:. 2001-01-31. Archived from
5960:Cozic, Laurent; et al.
5168:. Sonic Cult. Archived from
5135:Horowitz, Ken (2005-06-22).
4272:"Capcom: A Captive Audience"
4089:(12): 62, 64. December 1982.
3733:List of platform game series
3292:was a sequel to the popular
2649:(2021) was one of the first
2459:Kirby's Return to Dream Land
2027:Pitfall: The Lost Expedition
1992:was a spiritual heir to the
1342:Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards
1284:kept the subgenre born from
305:review of the Apple II game
7117:Caoili, Eric (2009-05-01).
6730:Rybicki, Joe (5 May 2008).
5717:Fahs, Travis (2007-01-08).
4156:what do you get if you put
4002:. Arco Publishing. p.
3616:forever, typically through
3329:to comply with Knowledge's
2453:Donkey Kong Country Returns
2267:, an indie developer, made
1931:Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver
1737:In 1996, Nintendo released
660:because of similarities to
431:, a 1980 arcade release by
331:"Ladder Game of the Year".
8748:
7857:
7147:Bailey, Kat (2020-02-26).
6783:"Arcade Flyers: Cover Art"
6546:Gad, Joshua (2020-01-11).
6500:"Donkey Kong Game Ranking"
5855:Fahey, Rob (9 June 2007).
3608:
3358:
3181:
2980:
2858:
2685:
2497:Besides Nintendo's games,
1515:The earliest example of a
947:and open-world games like
803:Wonder Boy in Monster Land
772:Alex Kidd in Miracle World
592:
400:
352:side-scrolling video games
296:(1981) as climbing games.
36:
29:
7667:List of video game genres
7662:
7530:nofi (January 19, 2011).
6946:. Joystiq. Archived from
6808:"Arcade Flyers Cover Art"
6697:Lalone, Nicholas (2012).
6322:. 2009-05-08. p. 6.
5937:"Super Mario 64 Overview"
5721:. GotNext. Archived from
5506:Killer List of Videogames
5390:"Mischief Makers Reviews"
5096:Killer List of Videogames
4521:"The Leif Ericson Awards"
4331:Killer List of Videogames
4067:. London: 76. March 1983.
3717:(2011) and its successor
3645:(1994 8-bit version) and
3579:such as the 1985 release
3233:, an isometric sequel to
2448:New Super Mario Bros. Wii
2439:New Super Mario Bros. Wii
2078:Oddworld: Munch's Oddysee
1671:that could jump and then
1654:through the environment.
595:Side-scrolling video game
53:is a platformer based on
18:Run-and-gun platform game
7959:Digital collectible card
7468:
7065:Cook, Jim (2009-07-14).
6908:Computer and Video Games
6548:"Valve's Elusive F-STOP"
6436:"Doki Doki Penguin Land"
5990:"US Platinum Game Chart"
5891:guinnessworldrecords.com
5628:Next Generation Magazine
5419:"US Platinum Game Chart"
4849:The Legend of Wonder Boy
4636:(1): 23. September 1983.
4250:Computer and Video Games
4038:(11): 49. January 1983.
3979:Computer and Video Games
3897:(in Japanese) (1989–02).
3440:Ori and the Blind Forest
3342:may contain suggestions.
3327:may need to be rewritten
2789:Klonoa: Empire of Dreams
2730:and Sega's 1985 release
2612:Sackboy: A Big Adventure
2600:Astro Bot Rescue Mission
2444:content delivery network
2380:to original titles like
2359:Bionic Commando: Rearmed
1762:. Even so, a handful of
1621:Sega Technical Institute
1435:, which was designed by
1348:Goemon's Great Adventure
1185:Cosmo's Cosmic Adventure
704:Saturday morning cartoon
640:Irem's 1982 arcade game
539:between static screens.
469:under the name Jumpman.
403:Wraparound (video games)
379:Kato-chan & Ken-chan
263:Computer and Video Games
8044:Roguelike deck-building
7952:Roguelike deck-building
5695:. Grenouille Bouillie.
5361:"Yoshi's Story Reviews"
4630:"Reviews: Track Attack"
4126:McFarland & Company
3625:side-scrolling shooters
3308:Platform-adventure game
2832:Tag: The Power of Paint
2585:Spyro Reignited Trilogy
2492:cooperative multiplayer
2484:(2011) for the 3DS and
2471:New Super Mario Bros. U
2465:New Super Mario Bros. 2
2436:also used 2D graphics.
2120:Blinx: The Time Sweeper
1979:in 2002, the second 3D
1036:artificial intelligence
667:The 1982 Apple II game
449:has a similar concept.
356:run and gun video games
6181:Life After Shelf Death
5857:"Jumping Flash (1995)"
5801:Geograph Seal (X68000)
5693:"The dawn of 3D games"
5330:"It's a Viewtiful Day"
4648:"BC's Quest for Tires"
4242:"Complete Games Guide"
3834:Bycer, Joshua (2019).
3654:B.C.'s Quest for Tires
3381:action-adventure games
3375:
3289:Spot Goes To Hollywood
3253:action-adventure games
2879:
2861:Run and gun video game
2855:Run-and-gun platformer
2742:Doki Doki Penguin Land
2733:Doki Doki Penguin Land
2711:
2560:and an HD remaster of
2340:Kirby Super Star Ultra
2292:
2184:
2045:Ty the Tasmanian Tiger
1969:Nintendo launched its
1829:action-adventure games
1798:Tork: Prehistoric Punk
1734:
1704:Guinness World Records
1558:
1527:Christophe de Dinechin
1512:
1491:stereoscopic 3-D games
1081:, while Sega released
969:, which popularized a
684:B.C.'s Quest For Tires
609:
545:(1983) and its sequel
422:
59:
8286:Tactical role-playing
8051:Tactical role-playing
7605:Video Games: Platform
7501:"Temple Run 2 review"
7294:hardcoregaming101.net
5521:"Antarctic Adventure"
5471:"Sony Closes the Gap"
4836:, Hardcore Gaming 101
4768:HSals (22 May 2015).
3996:Bloom, Steve (1982).
3618:procedural generation
3566:in 1988, and several
3482:DuckTales: Remastered
3368:
3279:, which blended RPG,
3261:to create games like
3169:Nightmare in the Dark
2868:
2783:Mario vs. Donkey Kong
2704:
2354:New Super Mario Bros.
2352:After the success of
2298:New Super Mario Bros.
2279:
2177:
2164:Majesco Entertainment
1965:Into the 21st century
1925:Gex: Deep Cover Gecko
1825:first-person shooters
1727:
1551:
1505:
1380:isometric platformers
602:
414:
178:isometric perspective
47:
8666:Vertically scrolling
6810:. arcadeflyers.com.
6785:. arcadeflyers.com.
6434:Derboo, Sam (2015).
4437:"Coleco Donkey Kong"
3594:Legacy of the Wizard
3433:, both games in the
3276:Little Big Adventure
3190:isometric projection
3176:Isometric platformer
2977:Cinematic platformer
2630:Super Mario 3D World
2521:, came out in 2011.
2487:Super Mario 3D World
2371:Sonic the Hedgehog 4
2227:user created content
2081:brought the popular
1976:Super Mario Sunshine
1915:Conker's Bad Fur Day
1745:analog control stick
531:was released on the
480:The following year,
74:) is a sub-genre of
8296:Turn-based strategy
8201:Submarine simulator
8007:Action role-playing
7914:Interactive fiction
6194:, November 13, 2007
5814:, November 25, 2006
5549:Antarctic Adventure
5501:Antarctic Adventure
5147:on January 14, 2010
5110:. Bonk Compendium.
4877:Hardcore Gaming 101
4862:, November 14, 2008
4546:"ジャンプバグ レトロゲームしま専科"
3387:The Legend of Zelda
3258:The Legend of Zelda
3196:was popularized by
3131:Comical action game
2819:and its successor,
2775:Game Boy update of
2547:Super Mario Odyssey
2481:Super Mario 3D Land
2433:BattleBlock Theater
2346:Kirby: Squeak Squad
2170:Recent developments
2152:with a platformer.
2108:Ratchet & Clank
1936:Shiny Entertainment
1905:proved successful.
1827:, and more complex
1499:, later that year.
1439:. It included more
1427:Antarctic Adventure
1399:Antarctic Adventure
1311:Donkey Kong Country
1128:Shadow of the Beast
745:, released for the
622:under contract for
582:Montezuma's Revenge
484:received a sequel,
299:In a December 1982
270:and 1983 magazines
90:to traverse. Other
32:Catalytic reforming
8697:Video game modding
8639:Nonlinear gameplay
8301:Turn-based tactics
8269:Real-time strategy
7231:2011-06-29 at the
7211:2011-07-23 at the
6950:on October 5, 2013
6769:Imagine Publishing
6704:. pp. 77–78.
6522:"And Yet It Moves"
6186:2007-11-15 at the
5922:2016-09-15 at the
5915:John Szczepaniak,
5806:2016-01-29 at the
5007:2011-07-11 at the
4933:John Szczepaniak.
4854:2011-07-13 at the
4832:2016-01-18 at the
4573:. Arcade History.
4412:"ColecoVision FAQ"
4220:. pp. 23–76.
4158:Sonic the Hedgehog
4105:Video Games Player
4083:Creative Computing
3952:. pp. 53–80.
3585:and 1987 releases
3488:Early examples of
3376:
3194:isometric graphics
3076:Heart of the Alien
3018:Impossible Mission
2880:
2807:frame of reference
2712:
2557:Super Lucky's Tale
2423:A Boy and His Blob
2311:Super Mario Galaxy
2293:
2288:Sonic the Hedgehog
2201:Super Mario Galaxy
2190:Super Mario Galaxy
2185:
1735:
1559:
1543:IBM PC compatibles
1513:
1466:Hironobu Sakaguchi
1260:Mega Man character
1158:IBM PC compatibles
1084:Sonic the Hedgehog
918:, which contained
610:
572:Impossible Mission
558:Wanted: Monty Mole
459:arcade video game
423:
341:Sonic the Hedgehog
321:Video Games Player
302:Creative Computing
137:isometric graphics
125:(1982), while the
76:action video games
70:, and sometimes a
60:
8732:Video game genres
8714:
8713:
8710:
8709:
8702:Video game remake
8610:Emergent gameplay
8281:Real-time tactics
8240:
8239:
8179:Flight simulation
7909:Graphic adventure
7855:
7854:
7656:Video game genres
7300:on 27 August 2017
6845:978-1-5267-3780-9
6771:. pp. 44–49.
6071:. Game Rankings.
6046:. Game Rankings.
5644:"3-D WorldRunner"
5609:Penguin Adventure
5594:Penguin Adventure
5445:"N64 Back on Top"
5421:. The Magic Box.
5028:. October 8, 2010
4977:www.gamasutra.com
4780:on 20 August 2017
4277:The Games Machine
4135:978-0-7864-9994-6
3709:s visual style".
3603:Auto-runner games
3392:with elements of
3357:
3356:
3331:quality standards
3202:isometric shooter
3046:Heart of Darkness
2962:Enchanted Portals
2926:Ghosts 'n Goblins
2702:
2688:Puzzle video game
2682:Puzzle-platformer
2334:Yoshi's Island DS
2322:Super Mario 64 DS
2316:Super Paper Mario
2254:Sonic Generations
1592:Delphine Software
1529:and published by
1432:Penguin Adventure
1281:Heart of Darkness
1108:anthropomorphisms
1079:Super Mario World
1070:Super Mario World
945:Super Mario Bros.
798:Super Mario Bros.
742:Super Mario Bros.
734:Super Mario Bros.
691:. The same year,
336:Super Mario Bros.
250:Super Mario Bros.
152:Super Mario Bros.
72:jump 'n' run game
56:Super Mario Bros.
16:(Redirected from
8739:
8692:Video game clone
8408:
8404:Related concepts
8211:Vehicular combat
8066:
7939:Digital tabletop
7919:Interactive film
7879:Grand Theft Auto
7870:Action-adventure
7863:
7820:Platform fighter
7699:Platform fighter
7682:
7649:
7642:
7635:
7626:
7583:
7582:
7580:
7578:
7558:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7496:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7485:
7462:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7451:
7429:
7420:
7414:
7408:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7381:
7375:
7374:
7372:
7371:
7366:on June 20, 2012
7362:. Archived from
7349:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7339:
7328:Metroidvania.com
7319:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7305:
7286:
7280:
7277:
7271:
7270:
7268:
7267:
7258:. Archived from
7245:
7239:
7222:
7216:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7191:
7186:on June 29, 2012
7182:. Archived from
7169:
7163:
7162:
7160:
7159:
7144:
7138:
7137:
7135:
7134:
7114:
7108:
7107:
7105:
7104:
7091:Parish, Jeremy.
7088:
7082:
7081:
7079:
7078:
7062:
7056:
7055:
7053:
7052:
7030:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7011:. Archived from
6998:
6992:
6991:
6989:
6988:
6966:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6955:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6930:
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6919:
6913:
6912:
6899:
6893:
6892:
6890:
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6872:
6866:
6865:
6856:
6850:
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6822:
6820:
6819:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6779:
6773:
6772:
6767:. No. 122.
6758:
6752:
6751:
6749:
6747:
6727:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6716:
6710:
6703:
6694:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6677:
6666:
6660:Therrien, Carl.
6657:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6646:
6640:
6629:
6620:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6593:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6577:Mega Cat Studios
6568:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6558:
6543:
6537:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6518:
6512:
6511:
6496:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6450:
6444:
6443:
6440:Hard Core Gaming
6431:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6409:. Archived from
6403:
6397:
6396:
6394:
6392:
6370:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6360:
6344:
6338:
6337:
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6140:
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6065:
6059:
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6056:
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6031:
6030:
6011:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5970:
5964:. Archived from
5957:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5933:
5927:
5913:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5852:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5842:
5833:. Archived from
5821:
5815:
5797:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5769:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5759:
5740:
5734:
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5731:
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5707:
5705:
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5688:
5682:
5681:
5676:. Archived from
5664:
5658:
5657:
5652:. Archived from
5640:
5631:
5624:
5615:
5606:
5600:
5591:
5585:
5584:
5582:
5580:
5561:
5555:
5546:
5535:
5534:
5529:. Archived from
5517:
5508:
5497:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5415:
5409:
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5405:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5376:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5307:. 3DRealms.com.
5301:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5249:
5243:
5242:
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5209:
5207:
5187:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5162:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5143:. Archived from
5132:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5104:
5098:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5072:
5066:
5065:
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5018:
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4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4869:
4863:
4846:
4837:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4807:. pp. 67–72
4803:. No. 127.
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4776:. Archived from
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4731:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4721:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
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4673:
4667:
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4663:
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4626:
4620:
4619:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4567:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:
4548:. Archived from
4542:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4517:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4499:on 18 April 2012
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4433:
4427:
4426:
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4189:
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4140:
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4115:
4109:
4108:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4057:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4032:Electronic Games
4024:
4018:
4017:
3993:
3984:
3983:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3941:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3908:Gifford, Kevin.
3905:
3899:
3898:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3865:"Master of Play"
3860:
3854:
3853:
3831:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3795:
3784:
3773:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3749:
3708:
3699:
3690:
3642:Disney's Aladdin
3605:
3604:
3426:
3397:
3383:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3320:
3312:
3070:Generations Lost
3064:Bermuda Syndrome
3049:, the first two
3012:Prince of Persia
2994:, have employed
2991:Prince of Persia
2802:And Yet It Moves
2749:The Lost Vikings
2724:'s 1983 release
2703:
2606:Astro's Playroom
2468:for the 3DS and
2349:also sold well.
2257:. Moreover, two
2074:
2057:Kao the Kangaroo
2018:, games such as
1995:Ghosts'n Goblins
1920:Crystal Dynamics
1779:Spyro the Dragon
1760:action-adventure
1661:computer called
1608:action adventure
1578:Clockwork Knight
1533:in 1990 for the
1449:multiple endings
1302:Clockwork Knight
1286:Prince of Persia
1140:Prince of Persia
1051:Bonk's Adventure
1013:By the time the
991:Super Mario Land
821:Adventure Island
808:action-adventure
726:Shigeru Miyamoto
679:Prince of Persia
498:cooperative play
376:mould" (such as
273:Electronic Games
241:Shigeru Miyamoto
176:character or in
80:player character
27:Video game genre
21:
8747:
8746:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8717:
8716:
8715:
8706:
8670:
8661:Twitch gameplay
8586:
8550:
8512:
8399:
8351:Survival horror
8324:
8274:Time management
8236:
8215:
8206:Train simulator
8165:
8130:
8102:
8055:
7993:
7963:
7933:
7890:
7864:
7851:
7791:
7787:Survival horror
7768:
7703:
7671:
7658:
7653:
7592:
7587:
7586:
7576:
7574:
7560:
7559:
7555:
7545:
7543:
7529:
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7524:
7514:
7512:
7498:
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7470:
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7459:
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7447:
7431:
7430:
7423:
7415:
7411:
7401:
7399:
7383:
7382:
7378:
7369:
7367:
7351:
7350:
7346:
7337:
7335:
7322:Jeremy Parish.
7321:
7320:
7313:
7303:
7301:
7290:"Brain Breaker"
7288:
7287:
7283:
7278:
7274:
7265:
7263:
7247:
7246:
7242:
7238:, June 28, 2006
7233:Wayback Machine
7224:Jeremy Parish,
7223:
7219:
7213:Wayback Machine
7203:
7199:
7189:
7187:
7171:
7170:
7166:
7157:
7155:
7146:
7145:
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7132:
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7116:
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7063:
7059:
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7027:
7018:
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7000:
6999:
6995:
6986:
6984:
6968:
6967:
6963:
6953:
6951:
6941:
6940:
6936:
6927:
6925:
6921:
6920:
6916:
6901:
6900:
6896:
6886:
6884:
6874:
6873:
6869:
6864:. January 1983.
6858:
6857:
6853:
6846:
6831:
6830:
6826:
6817:
6815:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6792:
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6664:
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6272:
6268:
6259:
6257:
6238:
6237:
6233:
6224:
6222:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6188:Wayback Machine
6179:
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6164:
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6133:
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5974:
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5968:
5959:
5958:
5954:
5945:
5943:
5935:
5934:
5930:
5924:Wayback Machine
5914:
5910:
5900:
5898:
5885:
5884:
5880:
5870:
5868:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5840:
5838:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5808:Wayback Machine
5798:
5791:
5782:
5780:
5773:"Geograph Seal"
5771:
5770:
5766:
5757:
5755:
5742:
5741:
5737:
5728:
5726:
5716:
5715:
5711:
5702:
5700:
5690:
5689:
5685:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5642:
5641:
5634:
5625:
5618:
5607:
5603:
5592:
5588:
5578:
5576:
5569:www.famitsu.com
5563:
5562:
5558:
5547:
5538:
5519:
5518:
5511:
5498:
5489:
5480:
5478:
5468:
5467:
5463:
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5452:
5442:
5441:
5437:
5428:
5426:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5403:
5401:
5388:
5387:
5383:
5374:
5372:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5345:
5343:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5314:
5312:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5288:
5286:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5258:
5256:
5251:
5250:
5246:
5236:
5234:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5205:
5203:
5189:
5188:
5184:
5175:
5173:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5150:
5148:
5134:
5133:
5126:
5117:
5115:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5088:
5084:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5057:
5056:on 17 June 2006
5048:
5047:
5040:
5031:
5029:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5009:Wayback Machine
5000:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4971:
4970:
4963:
4951:
4950:Reprinted from
4944:
4942:
4932:
4931:
4920:
4911:
4909:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4886:
4884:
4871:
4870:
4866:
4856:Wayback Machine
4847:
4840:
4834:Wayback Machine
4824:
4820:
4810:
4808:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4783:
4781:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4719:
4717:
4704:
4703:
4699:
4690:
4688:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4661:
4659:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4628:
4627:
4623:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4580:
4578:
4569:
4568:
4564:
4555:
4553:
4544:
4543:
4539:
4530:
4528:
4519:
4518:
4511:
4502:
4500:
4492:Readers' Awards
4489:
4488:
4484:
4475:
4473:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4450:
4448:
4441:Handheld Museum
4435:
4434:
4430:
4421:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4395:
4393:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4366:
4364:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4296:Crawford, Chris
4294:
4293:
4289:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4257:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4228:
4211:
4210:
4206:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4136:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4045:
4043:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4014:
3995:
3994:
3987:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3943:
3942:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3833:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3812:
3797:
3796:
3787:
3774:
3770:
3761:
3759:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3729:
3706:
3697:
3688:
3648:Crash Bandicoot
3613:
3607:
3602:
3601:
3458:Tails Adventure
3415:
3391:
3378:
3363:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3334:
3321:
3310:
3242:Head Over Heels
3186:
3178:
3133:
3005:trial and error
2985:
2979:
2938:Jazz Jackrabbit
2863:
2857:
2816:Narbacular Drop
2692:
2690:
2684:
2675:
2540:on the website
2305:and the fourth
2260:Crash Bandicoot
2242:Sonic Unleashed
2231:Electronic Arts
2222:LittleBigPlanet
2172:
2144:point and click
2103:Insomniac Games
2093:Crash Bandicoot
2072:
1967:
1950:Sonic Adventure
1887:Pangea Software
1858:Crash Bandicoot
1843:Insomniac Games
1793:jumping puzzles
1719:Floating Runner
1710:Floating Runner
1643:
1486:3-D WorldRunner
1461:3-D WorldRunner
1454:In early 1987,
1371:
1369:Third dimension
1363:Mischief Makers
1354:Mischief Makers
1204:
1196:Apogee Software
1011:
966:Bionic Commando
899:Esper Boukentai
681:would feature.
597:
591:
577:Parker Brothers
503:Fairyland Story
487:Donkey Kong Jr.
409:
399:
394:
231:
173:
66:(also called a
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8745:
8743:
8735:
8734:
8729:
8719:
8718:
8712:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8678:
8676:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8668:
8663:
8658:
8656:Side-scrolling
8653:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8636:
8631:
8624:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8606:
8605:
8594:
8592:
8588:
8587:
8585:
8584:
8583:
8582:
8577:
8564:
8558:
8556:
8552:
8551:
8549:
8548:
8543:
8542:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8520:
8518:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8509:
8508:
8503:
8501:Climate change
8498:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8472:
8471:
8459:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8420:
8414:
8412:
8405:
8401:
8400:
8398:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8382:
8377:
8372:
8371:
8370:
8360:
8355:
8354:
8353:
8343:
8338:
8332:
8330:
8326:
8325:
8323:
8322:
8321:
8320:
8318:Grand strategy
8310:
8309:
8308:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8277:
8276:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8250:
8248:
8242:
8241:
8238:
8237:
8235:
8234:
8229:
8223:
8221:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8197:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8175:
8173:
8167:
8166:
8164:
8163:
8162:
8161:
8156:
8146:
8140:
8138:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8112:
8110:
8104:
8103:
8101:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8074:
8072:
8063:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8048:
8047:
8046:
8036:
8034:Monster-taming
8031:
8026:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8014:
8012:Looter shooter
8003:
8001:
7995:
7994:
7992:
7991:
7986:
7979:
7973:
7971:
7965:
7964:
7962:
7961:
7956:
7955:
7954:
7943:
7941:
7935:
7934:
7932:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7900:
7898:
7892:
7891:
7889:
7888:
7883:
7874:
7872:
7866:
7865:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7852:
7850:
7849:
7844:
7839:
7838:
7837:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7812:
7811:
7810:
7808:Hack and slash
7799:
7797:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7789:
7784:
7778:
7776:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7755:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7734:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7713:
7711:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7701:
7696:
7694:Endless runner
7690:
7688:
7679:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7654:
7652:
7651:
7644:
7637:
7629:
7623:
7622:
7611:
7602:
7596:Platform games
7591:
7590:External links
7588:
7585:
7584:
7553:
7536:The Sixth Axis
7522:
7491:
7457:
7439:The New Yorker
7421:
7409:
7376:
7344:
7324:"Metroidvania"
7311:
7281:
7272:
7240:
7217:
7197:
7164:
7139:
7123:Game Set Watch
7109:
7093:"Metroidvania"
7083:
7057:
7025:
6993:
6961:
6934:
6914:
6894:
6867:
6851:
6844:
6824:
6799:
6774:
6753:
6722:
6689:
6652:
6612:
6588:
6563:
6538:
6513:
6491:
6466:
6445:
6423:
6398:
6365:
6339:
6301:
6266:
6231:
6196:
6173:
6141:
6110:
6085:
6060:
6035:
6006:
5981:
5952:
5928:
5908:
5878:
5847:
5816:
5812:The Next Level
5789:
5764:
5735:
5709:
5683:
5680:on 2014-01-01.
5659:
5656:on 2014-01-01.
5632:
5616:
5601:
5586:
5556:
5536:
5533:on 2014-01-01.
5509:
5487:
5461:
5435:
5410:
5381:
5352:
5338:. 2004-08-24.
5321:
5296:
5265:
5244:
5213:
5182:
5157:
5124:
5108:"Series Guide"
5099:
5082:
5067:
5038:
5013:
4994:
4961:
4918:
4893:
4864:
4838:
4818:
4791:
4760:
4747:978-1518655319
4746:
4726:
4710:Arcade History
4697:
4668:
4639:
4621:
4604:
4587:
4562:
4537:
4509:
4482:
4457:
4428:
4403:
4373:
4348:
4334:
4317:
4310:
4304:. New Riders.
4287:
4263:
4233:
4226:
4204:
4184:
4178:Nintendo Power
4164:
4141:
4134:
4128:. p. 82.
4110:
4092:
4070:
4052:
4019:
4013:978-0668055208
4012:
3999:Video Invaders
3985:
3965:
3958:
3933:
3900:
3883:
3870:The New Yorker
3855:
3849:978-0429560576
3848:
3821:
3807:. 2006-08-04.
3785:
3768:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3725:
3611:Endless runner
3606:
3599:
3532:computer game
3521:The Goonies II
3509:Vampire Killer
3476:Shadow Complex
3355:
3354:
3324:
3322:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3301:Sonic 3D Blast
3270:Light Crusader
3177:
3174:
3132:
3129:
2978:
2975:
2895:Gunstar Heroes
2856:
2853:
2811:side-scrollers
2683:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2552:Super Mario 64
2407:Super Meat Boy
2377:Rayman Origins
2365:Contra ReBirth
2282:Freedom Planet
2171:
2168:
2098:Jak and Daxter
2091:moved on from
1966:
1963:
1959:Super Mario 64
1875:Donkey Kong 64
1867:Super Mario 64
1819:In the 1990s,
1809:Super Mario 64
1785:Donkey Kong 64
1768:Super Mario 64
1756:Super Mario 64
1740:Super Mario 64
1730:Super Mario 64
1715:Super Mario 64
1690:Jumping Flash!
1648:virtual camera
1642:
1639:
1613:Wolfenstein 3D
1464:, designed by
1396:'s platformer
1370:
1367:
1203:
1200:
1166:, released by
1163:Commander Keen
1160:. It inspired
1097:physics system
1010:
1007:
971:grappling hook
902:, a sequel to
860:Legend of Kage
590:
587:
553:home computers
537:scrolling pans
398:
395:
393:
390:
361:Gunstar Heroes
268:Video Invaders
230:
227:
223:endless runner
172:
169:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8744:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8724:
8722:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8679:
8677:
8673:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8657:
8654:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8641:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8629:
8625:
8623:
8622:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8604:
8601:
8600:
8599:
8596:
8595:
8593:
8589:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8574:
8570:
8569:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8559:
8557:
8553:
8547:
8546:Single-player
8544:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8526:
8525:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8515:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8493:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8470:
8469:
8465:
8464:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8457:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8425:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8415:
8413:
8409:
8406:
8402:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8386:
8383:
8381:
8378:
8376:
8373:
8369:
8366:
8365:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8352:
8349:
8348:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8327:
8319:
8316:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8307:
8304:
8303:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8291:Tower defense
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8275:
8272:
8271:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8251:
8249:
8247:
8243:
8233:
8232:Immersive sim
8230:
8228:
8225:
8224:
8222:
8218:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8181:
8180:
8177:
8176:
8174:
8172:
8168:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8151:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8139:
8137:
8133:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8121:City-building
8119:
8117:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8109:
8105:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8075:
8073:
8071:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8058:
8052:
8049:
8045:
8042:
8041:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8024:Dungeon crawl
8022:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8009:
8008:
8005:
8004:
8002:
8000:
7996:
7990:
7989:Tile-matching
7987:
7985:
7984:
7980:
7978:
7977:Hidden object
7975:
7974:
7972:
7970:
7966:
7960:
7957:
7953:
7950:
7949:
7948:
7947:Deck-building
7945:
7944:
7942:
7940:
7936:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7897:
7893:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7880:
7876:
7875:
7873:
7871:
7867:
7862:
7848:
7845:
7843:
7840:
7836:
7834:
7830:
7829:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7818:
7817:
7816:
7813:
7809:
7806:
7805:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7788:
7785:
7783:
7782:Battle royale
7780:
7779:
7777:
7775:
7771:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7710:
7706:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7674:
7668:
7665:
7664:
7661:
7657:
7650:
7645:
7643:
7638:
7636:
7631:
7630:
7627:
7621:
7620:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7589:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7557:
7554:
7541:
7537:
7533:
7526:
7523:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7495:
7492:
7479:
7476:(in Korean).
7475:
7471:
7461:
7458:
7445:
7441:
7440:
7435:
7428:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7413:
7410:
7397:
7393:
7392:
7387:
7380:
7377:
7365:
7361:
7360:
7355:
7348:
7345:
7334:on 2016-06-27
7333:
7329:
7325:
7318:
7316:
7312:
7299:
7295:
7291:
7285:
7282:
7276:
7273:
7262:on 2008-07-25
7261:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7244:
7241:
7237:
7234:
7230:
7227:
7221:
7218:
7214:
7210:
7207:
7201:
7198:
7185:
7181:
7180:
7175:
7168:
7165:
7154:
7150:
7143:
7140:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7113:
7110:
7099:on 2016-06-27
7098:
7094:
7087:
7084:
7073:on 2009-07-17
7072:
7068:
7061:
7058:
7046:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7029:
7026:
7015:on 2011-06-05
7014:
7010:
7009:
7004:
6997:
6994:
6982:
6978:
6977:
6972:
6965:
6962:
6949:
6945:
6938:
6935:
6924:
6918:
6915:
6910:
6909:
6904:
6898:
6895:
6883:
6882:
6877:
6871:
6868:
6863:
6862:
6855:
6852:
6847:
6841:
6837:
6836:
6828:
6825:
6813:
6809:
6803:
6800:
6788:
6784:
6778:
6775:
6770:
6766:
6765:
6757:
6754:
6742:on 9 May 2008
6741:
6737:
6733:
6726:
6723:
6707:
6700:
6693:
6690:
6674:
6670:
6663:
6656:
6653:
6637:
6633:
6626:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6602:
6598:
6592:
6589:
6578:
6574:
6567:
6564:
6553:
6549:
6542:
6539:
6528:on 2011-06-19
6527:
6523:
6517:
6514:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6495:
6492:
6480:
6479:Nintendo Life
6476:
6470:
6467:
6457:
6456:
6449:
6446:
6441:
6437:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6413:on 2019-01-09
6412:
6408:
6402:
6399:
6386:
6382:
6381:
6376:
6369:
6366:
6355:on 2012-01-09
6354:
6350:
6343:
6340:
6325:
6321:
6314:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6281:
6276:
6270:
6267:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6246:
6241:
6235:
6232:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6211:
6206:
6200:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6185:
6182:
6177:
6174:
6162:
6158:
6157:
6152:
6145:
6142:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6100:
6096:
6089:
6086:
6074:
6070:
6064:
6061:
6049:
6045:
6039:
6036:
6025:on 2007-10-19
6024:
6020:
6016:
6010:
6007:
5995:
5992:. Magic Box.
5991:
5985:
5982:
5971:on 2012-04-20
5967:
5963:
5956:
5953:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5912:
5909:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5882:
5879:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5851:
5848:
5837:on 2007-09-27
5836:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5809:
5805:
5802:
5799:Travis Fahs,
5796:
5794:
5790:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5765:
5753:
5749:
5745:
5739:
5736:
5725:on 2007-09-27
5724:
5720:
5713:
5710:
5698:
5694:
5687:
5684:
5679:
5675:
5674:
5669:
5663:
5660:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5645:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5595:
5590:
5587:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5514:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5502:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5477:on 2011-05-25
5476:
5472:
5465:
5462:
5451:on 2009-01-01
5450:
5446:
5439:
5436:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5385:
5382:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5356:
5353:
5341:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5297:
5289:September 17,
5284:
5280:
5276:
5269:
5266:
5254:
5248:
5245:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5217:
5214:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5186:
5183:
5172:on 2016-03-11
5171:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5091:Shadow Dancer
5086:
5083:
5078:
5071:
5068:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5003:
4998:
4995:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4956:
4940:
4936:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4907:
4903:
4902:"Major Havoc"
4897:
4894:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4825:Kurt Kalata,
4822:
4819:
4806:
4802:
4795:
4792:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4764:
4761:
4749:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4730:
4727:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4669:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4640:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4608:
4605:
4600:
4599:
4591:
4588:
4576:
4572:
4566:
4563:
4552:on 2008-04-12
4551:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4527:on 2012-03-09
4526:
4522:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4486:
4483:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4458:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4429:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4404:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4362:
4358:
4357:"Donkey Kong"
4352:
4349:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4326:Crazy Climber
4321:
4318:
4313:
4311:0-88134-117-7
4307:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4288:
4283:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4264:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4229:
4227:9780744004243
4223:
4219:
4215:
4208:
4205:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4173:"Now Playing"
4168:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4145:
4142:
4137:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4114:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4074:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3959:9780262028776
3955:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3887:
3884:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3859:
3856:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3777:Master System
3772:
3769:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3704:
3696:
3695:
3694:Mirror's Edge
3687:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3612:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:Dragon Slayer
3565:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3545:Super Pitfall
3541:
3537:
3536:
3535:Brain Breaker
3531:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:Simon's Quest
3511:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3431:
3430:Hollow Knight
3424:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3351:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3325:This section
3323:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3192:. The use of
3191:
3185:
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3144:Bubble Bobble
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3040:Another World
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2944:Earthworm Jim
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2906:shoot 'em ups
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2667:battle royale
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2656:Psychonauts 2
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2651:PlayStation 5
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2624:Bowser's Fury
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2533:A Hat in Time
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2008:'s take on a
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1871:Banjo-Kazooie
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1841:, along with
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1813:Banjo Kazooie
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1603:Fade to Black
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1359:Yoshi's Story
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1202:Decline of 2D
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1179:Duke Nukem II
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1019:TurboGrafx-16
1016:
1008:
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1004:
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976:Earthworm Jim
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946:
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938:
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927:
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910:Telenet Japan
907:
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895:
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890:
889:Super Pitfall
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873:Brain Breaker
869:
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839:
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827:
826:Dynastic Hero
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784:
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767:Master System
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702:Based on the
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624:Hoei/Coreland
621:
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584:
583:
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548:Jet Set Willy
544:
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513:
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509:Bubble Bobble
505:
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442:Crazy Climber
438:
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397:Single screen
396:
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368:Platform game
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68:platform game
65:
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8687:Toys-to-life
8627:
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8572:
8517:Player modes
8481:Personalized
8466:
8455:
8423:
8329:Other genres
8259:Auto battler
8227:Falling-sand
8189:Lunar Lander
7999:Role-playing
7982:
7924:Visual novel
7886:Metroidvania
7878:
7832:
7764:Third-person
7737:Shoot 'em up
7722:First-person
7685:
7619:Ars Technica
7617:
7575:. Retrieved
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7544:. Retrieved
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6483:. Retrieved
6481:. 2012-07-20
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4035:
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3771:
3760:. Retrieved
3756:
3747:
3720:Temple Run 2
3718:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3692:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3663:
3658:
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3640:
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3628:
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3592:
3586:
3580:
3577:Nihon Falcom
3567:
3563:
3553:
3550:System Sacom
3543:
3533:
3519:
3513:
3512:in 1986 and
3507:
3503:
3498:in 1986 and
3494:
3490:free-roaming
3487:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3412:Metroidvania
3405:
3399:
3385:
3377:
3369:
3361:Metroidvania
3345:
3336:You can help
3326:
3299:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3274:
3268:
3264:Land Stalker
3262:
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3240:
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3227:
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3210:
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3157:Don Doko Don
3155:
3150:
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3082:Weird Dreams
3080:
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2770:Wario Land 4
2768:
2764:Wario Land 3
2762:
2758:Wario Land 2
2756:
2754:
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2746:
2741:
2731:
2725:
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2634:
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2561:
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2525:
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2428:The Behemoth
2421:
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2383:Splosion Man
2381:
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2338:
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2320:
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2268:
2265:RobTop Games
2258:
2252:
2248:Sonic Colors
2246:
2240:
2234:
2220:
2217:GameRankings
2213:GameTrailers
2200:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2178:
2157:
2154:
2147:
2133:
2131:
2126:Voodoo Vince
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1983:platformer.
1980:
1974:
1968:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1939:
1929:
1923:
1913:
1907:
1900:
1890:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1832:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1755:
1753:
1738:
1736:
1728:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1662:
1656:
1644:
1634:
1626:Sonic Xtreme
1624:
1618:
1611:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1573:pre-rendered
1561:
1560:
1552:
1520:
1514:
1506:
1494:
1485:
1479:
1477:rail shooter
1474:third-person
1459:
1453:
1437:Hideo Kojima
1430:
1426:
1424:
1420:ColecoVision
1404:third-person
1397:
1391:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1372:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1324:
1318:
1310:
1300:
1297:launch title
1290:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1219:
1218:(1995), and
1213:
1207:
1205:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1161:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1112:
1102:
1092:
1089:Sega Genesis
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1023:
1012:
989:
987:
980:
974:
964:
956:
948:
944:
934:
928:
913:
903:
897:
887:
877:
871:
865:
858:
848:
842:
835:
829:
825:
819:
815:
812:role-playing
801:
797:
793:
788:
780:
770:
760:
755:
740:
738:
733:
729:
722:Toru Iwatani
707:
701:
697:Commodore 64
692:
688:
682:
678:
675:stick figure
670:Track Attack
668:
666:
657:
651:
641:
639:
633:
627:
620:Alpha Denshi
613:
611:
603:
580:
570:
562:
556:
546:
540:
533:ColecoVision
526:
516:
514:
507:
501:
491:
485:
481:
479:
475:ColecoVision
470:
452:
451:
446:
440:
426:
424:
416:
383:
377:
371:
367:
366:
359:
354:, including
345:
339:
335:
333:
328:
320:
316:
310:
306:
300:
298:
291:
287:
281:
277:
271:
267:
261:
256:
255:
248:
244:
234:
232:
220:
213:
204:
198:
188:
182:
174:
165:
160:
156:
150:
149:'s flagship
140:
130:
129:arcade game
120:
116:Miner 2049er
114:
110:
104:
98:
96:
71:
67:
63:
61:
54:
48:
8727:Platformers
8603:Hypercasual
8524:Multiplayer
8440:Educational
8390:Programming
8385:Photography
8358:Incremental
8154:Kart racing
8098:Virtual pet
7929:Walking sim
7904:Escape room
7803:Beat 'em up
7742:Bullet hell
7577:February 1,
6764:Retro Gamer
6134:October 11,
5871:25 November
5206:10 February
5190:Lee, Dave.
4958:(67). 2009.
4955:Retro Gamer
4811:9 September
4805:Retro Gamer
4784:9 September
4774:GeekCulture
4753:8 September
4681:Atari Mania
4218:Brady Games
4193:"Viewpoint"
3926:October 24,
3894:Micom BASIC
3691:s running,
3659:Moon Patrol
3636:Moon Patrol
3633:(1981) and
3573:action RPGs
3540:Pony Canyon
3504:Castlevania
3470:Mega Man ZX
3423:Castlevania
3407:Castlevania
3248:Monster Max
3230:Knight Lore
3217:ZX Spectrum
3212:Congo Bongo
3138:Mario Bros.
3124:Tomb Raider
3058:Blackthorne
3029:2013 remake
2996:rotoscoping
2876:action film
2838:Antichamber
2777:Donkey Kong
2588:(2018) and
2542:Kickstarter
2538:crowdfunded
2499:indie games
2159:Psychonauts
2135:Insecticide
2089:Naughty Dog
2033:Psychonauts
1895:series and
1863:Nintendo 64
1853:Naughty Dog
1839:PlayStation
1834:Tomb Raider
1804:Wario World
1764:boss levels
1685:PlayStation
1673:double-jump
1600:. Entitled
1568:Sega Saturn
1522:Alpha Waves
1508:Alpha Waves
1441:action game
1331:PlayStation
1320:Pandemonium
1294:Sega Saturn
1270:Castlevania
1251:Mega Man X4
1234:Nintendo 64
1230:PlayStation
1226:Sega Saturn
1168:id Software
1046:Hudson Soft
982:Tomb Raider
939:introduced
884:Pony Canyon
850:Major Havoc
845:vector game
831:Popful Mail
739:Nintendo's
689:Moon Patrol
658:Jungle Hunt
653:Jungle King
643:Moon Patrol
629:Donkey Kong
542:Manic Miner
493:Mario Bros.
482:Donkey Kong
471:Donkey Kong
461:created by
454:Donkey Kong
428:Space Panic
418:Donkey Kong
407:Flip-screen
373:Super Mario
329:Donkey Kong
317:Donkey Kong
312:Apple Panic
288:Donkey Kong
283:Space Panic
257:Donkey Kong
245:Donkey Kong
236:Donkey Kong
205:Donkey Kong
132:Congo Bongo
119:(1982) and
111:Donkey Kong
106:Donkey Kong
100:Space Panic
8721:Categories
8644:Open world
8555:Production
8476:Nonviolent
8159:Sim racing
8126:Government
8061:Simulation
7752:Twin-stick
7686:Platformer
7515:1 February
7370:2011-03-25
7338:2011-03-25
7266:2008-08-01
7158:2020-06-19
7133:2009-07-25
7103:2009-07-25
7077:2009-07-25
7051:2009-07-25
7019:2009-07-25
6987:2014-03-21
6928:2023-02-07
6818:2007-01-18
6793:2007-01-18
6606:2020-10-31
6582:2020-10-31
6557:2020-10-31
6532:2020-10-31
6485:2020-10-31
6461:2020-10-31
6417:2019-01-09
6359:2012-01-22
6333:2009-05-08
6295:2007-11-09
6260:2007-11-09
6245:Metacritic
6225:2007-11-09
6210:Metacritic
6167:2006-11-21
6128:GamesRadar
6104:2021-03-29
6099:gamesradar
6079:2006-12-29
6054:2006-12-29
6029:2007-02-08
6000:2006-01-24
5975:2006-01-27
5946:2021-03-29
5841:2006-11-21
5783:2006-12-29
5758:2007-01-28
5729:2007-01-08
5703:2007-11-08
5481:2007-01-23
5455:2007-01-23
5429:2007-01-23
5404:2006-11-21
5375:2006-11-21
5346:2007-01-23
5315:2006-11-21
5259:2006-11-21
5176:2007-01-27
5166:"Overview"
5151:2010-11-14
5118:2007-01-27
5032:2011-01-09
5026:GamesRadar
4945:2011-03-16
4912:2006-11-21
4887:2010-02-04
4720:2018-06-11
4706:"Pac-Land"
4691:2018-06-11
4662:2007-02-08
4581:2006-11-21
4571:"Jump Bug"
4556:2008-06-18
4531:2013-01-10
4476:2021-03-29
4451:2018-06-11
4422:2018-06-11
4386:GamesRadar
4367:2006-11-21
4046:2015-03-19
3815:2006-11-21
3762:2021-03-29
3739:References
3714:Temple Run
3609:See also:
3564:The Scheme
3528:'s sci-fi
3464:Cave Story
3384:, such as
3371:Rain World
3359:See also:
3236:Sabre Wulf
3222:Ant Attack
3200:'s arcade
3182:See also:
3163:Snow Bros.
2981:See also:
2971:Metal Slug
2901:Metal Slug
2859:See also:
2686:See also:
2573:Snake Pass
2503:Frozenbyte
2328:Sonic Rush
2051:Ape Escape
1953:, for its
1531:Infogrames
1245:Mega Man 8
1173:Duke Nukem
953:GamesRadar
941:non-linear
924:cut scenes
816:Wonder Boy
814:elements.
789:Wonder Boy
782:Wonder Boy
728:described
593:See also:
523:Atari 2600
490:and later
437:Nichibutsu
401:See also:
200:BurgerTime
161:platformer
64:platformer
8430:Christian
8418:Advergame
8306:Artillery
8039:Roguelike
8017:Soulslike
7896:Adventure
7732:Light gun
7600:MobyGames
7567:Eurogamer
7505:Eurogamer
7391:Gamasutra
7040:Gamasutra
6976:Eurogamer
5861:Eurogamer
5748:MobyGames
5630:, vol 50.
5598:MobyGames
5553:MobyGames
5335:Gamasutra
5227:Gamasutra
5077:Strider 2
4827:Alex Kidd
4652:MobyGames
4471:Grantland
4396:April 11,
4282:Newsfield
3950:MIT Press
3840:CRC Press
3804:Gamasutra
3558:in 1987,
3548:in 1986,
3538:in 1985,
3518:in 1987,
3414:" games.
3348:July 2024
3340:talk page
3295:Cool Spot
3281:adventure
3151:doujinshi
3106:Deadlight
3100:onEscapee
3027:(and its
3024:Flashback
2932:Vectorman
2736:(for the
2727:Door Door
2673:Subgenres
2662:Fall Guys
2505:released
2233:released
2140:LucasArts
2006:Yuji Naka
1955:Dreamcast
1695:Eurogamer
1687:console,
1597:Flashback
1590:In 1995,
1458:released
1414:version,
1373:The term
1209:Vectorman
1191:Dark Ages
1148:shareware
1146:The 1988
1048:released
1005:systems.
1003:Game Gear
961:sidequest
929:In 1987,
905:Psychic 5
896:released
866:In 1985,
787:original
777:power-ups
762:Alex Kidd
714:power-ups
650:released
589:Scrolling
579:released
569:released
433:Universal
209:power-ups
195:Data East
92:acrobatic
8682:Minigame
8634:Masocore
8580:Fan game
8450:Licensed
8375:Non-game
8246:Strategy
8116:Business
7815:Fighting
7774:Survival
7759:Tactical
7571:Archived
7540:Archived
7509:Archived
7478:Archived
7444:Archived
7402:July 25,
7396:Archived
7304:16 March
7255:GameSpot
7229:Archived
7209:Archived
7127:Archived
7045:Archived
6981:Archived
6954:July 14,
6812:Archived
6787:Archived
6706:Archived
6702:(Thesis)
6673:Archived
6636:Archived
6508:Archived
6385:Archived
6324:Archived
6320:Nintendo
6289:Archived
6254:Archived
6219:Archived
6184:Archived
6161:Archived
6156:GameSpot
6073:Archived
6048:Archived
5994:Archived
5920:Archived
5901:16 March
5895:Archived
5865:Archived
5804:Archived
5777:Archived
5752:Archived
5697:Archived
5613:GameSpot
5579:16 March
5573:Archived
5423:Archived
5398:Archived
5369:Archived
5340:Archived
5309:Archived
5283:Archived
5279:PC World
5231:Archived
5200:Archived
5196:BBC News
5112:Archived
5075:Capcom.
5060:16 March
5005:Archived
4987:16 March
4981:Archived
4939:Archived
4906:Archived
4881:Archived
4852:Archived
4830:Archived
4714:Archived
4685:Archived
4677:"Snokie"
4656:Archived
4575:Archived
4445:Archived
4416:Archived
4390:Archived
4361:Archived
4298:(2003).
4255:Archived
4065:TV Gamer
4040:Archived
3920:Archived
3809:Archived
3727:See also
3686:Canabalt
3681:Fotonica
3675:Canabalt
3630:Scramble
3588:Faxanadu
3530:Sharp X1
3437:series (
3052:Oddworld
2950:Turrican
2914:Mega Man
2871:Broforce
2635:3D World
2594:(2020).
2568:Xbox One
2474:for the
2205:GameSpot
2083:Oddworld
2010:Mario 64
2004:offered
1998:series,
1971:GameCube
1652:clipping
1584:Bug Too!
1535:Atari ST
1275:Oddworld
1212:(1995),
1134:Turrican
1123:Atari ST
1087:for the
999:Game Boy
996:handheld
957:Mega Man
936:Mega Man
794:Pac-Land
730:Pac-Land
720:creator
709:Pac-Land
695:for the
634:Jump Bug
615:Jump Bug
605:Jump Bug
521:for the
518:Pitfall!
463:Nintendo
447:Hard Hat
358:such as
327:port of
307:Beer Run
286:(1980),
278:TV Gamer
253:(1985).
239:(1981).
185:Nintendo
171:Concepts
147:Nintendo
142:Pitfall!
122:Kangaroo
88:climbing
50:SuperTux
8649:Sandbox
8491:Serious
8424:Bishōjo
8341:Fitness
8313:Wargame
8171:Vehicle
8144:Fishing
8083:Farming
7983:Sokoban
7847:Stealth
7833:Pac-Man
7709:Shooter
7546:May 25,
7484:July 9,
7359:1UP.com
7236:1UP.com
7190:July 2,
7179:1UP.com
7153:USgamer
7008:1UP.com
6746:7 March
6736:GameTap
6715:7 March
6682:7 March
6645:7 March
5941:Polygon
5830:1UP.com
5673:AllGame
5649:AllGame
5526:AllGame
5504:at the
5141:Sega-16
5094:at the
4329:at the
4198:GameFan
3915:1UP.com
3876:May 25,
3781:Genesis
3757:iD Tech
3560:Bothtec
3555:Euphory
3506:games:
3495:Metroid
3425:series.
3401:Metroid
3112:The Way
3055:games,
2956:Cuphead
2920:Metroid
2878:heroes.
2738:SG-1000
2716:puzzles
2640:Odyssey
2536:, both
2518:Trine 2
2105:called
1941:Messiah
1897:BioWare
1879:Windows
1749:Vectrex
1641:True 3D
1631:fisheye
1517:true 3D
1429:called
1288:alive.
1272:games.
1194:all by
1061:Cocoron
1031:Strider
1015:Genesis
949:Metroid
922:-style
879:Metroid
847:called
837:Shantae
718:Pac-Man
392:History
385:Strider
293:Frogger
84:jumping
8598:Casual
8591:Design
8573:Doujin
8486:Sci-fi
8462:Sexual
8435:Comedy
8411:Themes
8395:Typing
8368:Rhythm
8346:Horror
8184:Combat
8149:Racing
8136:Sports
8093:Social
8078:Dating
8029:MMORPG
7969:Puzzle
7677:Action
7609:Curlie
6842:
6601:Ranker
6552:Medium
6380:Forbes
4744:
4503:13 May
4308:
4224:
4132:
4010:
3956:
3846:
3582:Xanadu
3500:Konami
3338:. The
3298:, and
3206:Zaxxon
3118:Lunark
3115:, and
3094:Inside
3034:ReCore
2967:Contra
2889:Contra
2884:Konami
2827:Portal
2822:Portal
2426:, and
2343:, and
2211:, and
2069:Rayman
2048:, and
2015:Malice
1989:Maximo
1934:, and
1892:Bugdom
1873:, and
1782:, and
1659:X68000
1541:, and
1456:Square
1418:, and
1412:arcade
1394:Konami
1351:, and
1326:Klonoa
1315:sequel
1313:. Its
1256:Capcom
1239:Rayman
1232:, and
1188:, and
1121:. The
931:Capcom
894:Jaleco
855:raster
834:, and
806:added
785:. The
693:Snokie
662:Tarzan
575:, and
344:, and
325:Coleco
229:Naming
190:Popeye
8675:Other
8628:Kaizo
8621:Gacha
8567:Indie
8529:Co-op
8468:Eroge
8456:Otome
8445:Girls
8380:Party
8363:Music
8220:Other
8194:Space
7881:clone
7842:Snake
7835:clone
7796:Other
7717:Arena
7616:from
6887:5 May
6709:(PDF)
6676:(PDF)
6665:(PDF)
6639:(PDF)
6628:(PDF)
6327:(PDF)
6316:(PDF)
5969:(PDF)
4258:(PDF)
4245:(PDF)
3707:'
3698:'
3689:'
3627:like
3390:, or
3255:like
3219:game
3088:Limbo
2805:uses
2797:Braid
2508:Trine
2476:Wii U
2413:Braid
2401:Limbo
2373:, and
2180:Trine
2114:Spyro
2073:'
1981:Mario
1877:. On
1848:Spyro
1697:said
1539:Amiga
1150:game
1115:Amiga
1104:Sonic
1093:Sonic
920:anime
915:Valis
796:than
769:with
648:Taito
563:Crash
467:Mario
457:, an
415:This
347:Bubsy
8575:soft
8506:News
8336:Cozy
8264:MOBA
8070:Life
7827:Maze
7747:Rail
7727:Hero
7579:2013
7548:2016
7517:2013
7486:2016
7452:2016
7404:2008
7306:2018
7192:2024
6956:2013
6889:2021
6840:ISBN
6748:2014
6717:2014
6684:2014
6647:2014
6393:2017
6285:CNET
6250:CNET
6215:CNET
6136:2021
5903:2018
5873:2014
5581:2018
5291:2018
5239:2006
5208:2013
5062:2018
4989:2018
4813:2019
4786:2019
4755:2019
4742:ISBN
4505:2012
4398:2011
4306:ISBN
4222:ISBN
4130:ISBN
4008:ISBN
3954:ISBN
3928:2010
3878:2020
3844:ISBN
3591:and
3526:Enix
3443:and
3404:and
3394:RPGs
3267:and
3245:and
3198:Sega
3166:and
2959:and
2898:and
2849:Toad
2835:and
2722:Enix
2530:and
2513:2.5D
2511:, a
2456:and
2386:and
2251:and
2193:and
2063:Hugo
2060:and
2024:and
1928:and
1910:Rare
1902:MDK2
1881:and
1851:and
1821:RPGs
1811:and
1801:and
1669:mech
1635:Bug!
1566:, a
1563:Bug!
1554:Bug!
1468:and
1386:2.5D
1323:and
1307:boss
1278:and
1248:and
1131:and
1017:and
1001:and
979:and
868:Enix
810:and
757:Sega
567:Epyx
506:and
405:and
315:and
216:boss
193:and
127:Sega
86:and
8615:FMV
8562:AAA
8539:PVP
8534:MMO
8496:Art
8108:CMS
8088:God
7607:at
7598:at
6019:IGN
5596:at
5551:at
4860:IGN
4634:ROM
3703:Rez
3666:Nom
3575:by
3562:'s
3552:'s
3542:'s
3502:'s
3485:).
3449:),
3435:Ori
3031:),
2969:or
2886:'s
2707:Fez
2430:'s
2209:IGN
2095:to
2039:Tak
1938:'s
1922:'s
1912:'s
1899:'s
1889:'s
1883:Mac
1855:'s
1445:RPG
1416:NES
1408:MSX
1258:'s
1056:NEC
933:'s
886:'s
439:'s
197:'s
187:'s
8723::
8254:4X
7569:.
7565:.
7538:.
7534:.
7507:.
7503:.
7442:.
7436:.
7424:^
7394:.
7388:.
7356:.
7326:.
7314:^
7292:.
7252:.
7176:.
7151:.
7125:.
7121:.
7043:.
7037:.
7005:.
6979:.
6973:.
6905:.
6878:.
6734:.
6667:.
6630:.
6615:^
6599:.
6575:.
6550:.
6506:.
6502:.
6477:.
6438:.
6426:^
6383:.
6377:.
6318:.
6304:^
6287:.
6283:.
6277:.
6252:.
6248:.
6242:.
6217:.
6213:.
6207:.
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