397:(May 16, 1968 – October 1, 2019) murdered Michael Sanders, with whom his former girlfriend Stephanie Ray took shelter after the breakup of their relationship, then kidnapped and raped Ray. He was sentenced to death by the state of Missouri in May 1997, and failed to have the conviction overturned in legal challenges which had completed by 2006. During this period, Missouri, as well as several other states, changed its protocol for death sentences by lethal injection to a combination of drugs. Missouri itself had to clear this change through the courts, so from 2006 through 2010, only two inmates were executed.
42:
466:). This gave enough possibility of a triable remedy that allowed the case to proceed to an additional discovery phase. Bucklew had brought in an expert witness in anesthesiology who had affirmed that even after the injection Bucklew would still have brain function and could experience pain, based on a study done with horses. Eventually both the district and Eighth Circuit rejected these claims. The Supreme Court intervened a second time, in early 2018, while Justice
503:, as it was neither a method prescribed by Missouri, and while it was an authorized method in three other states, no one has been put to death by the method to date. Gorsuch also wrote that Bucklew, by this point, had spent twenty years on death row, and there is reasonable expectation by states to complete death sentences in a timely manner. Gorsuch argued that inmates that were seeking alternative methods under the
373:. In a 5–4 decision, the Court held that when a convict sentenced to death challenges the State's method of execution due to claims of excessive pain, the convict must show that other alternative methods of execution exist and clearly demonstrate they would cause less pain than the state-determined one. The Court's opinion emphasized the precedential force of its prior decisions in
519:, joined by the other three liberal justices on the bench. Breyer argued that Bucklew had sufficiently demonstrated that death by lethal injection could cause unnecessary intense pain and an "excruciating and grotesque" execution due to his conditions, and in his as-applied challenge, that death by nitrogen gas met the standards for
439:
and as-applied challenges. While the district court denied his challenge, the
Supreme Court agreed to put the execution on hold to allow his appeals to be heard. In the Eighth Circuit, the court rejected Bucklew's facial challenge, as well as turned down his as-applied challenge as given but allowed
511:
test in good faith should readily be able to show evidence for their case, and considered that
Bucklew's continuing challenges were stalling tactics. Both Thomas and Kavanaugh wrote concurring opinions. Thomas argued that under the Eighth Amendment, the Court only had to show that Missouri's choice
221:
govern all Eighth
Amendment challenges alleging that a method of execution inflicts unconstitutionally cruel pain. The specific as-applied challenge to the Eighth Amendment (that lethal injection would cause extreme pain due to a rare medical condition) did not meet these previous
490:
wrote the majority opinion, joined by the other four conservative
Justices. Gorsuch wrote that the Eighth Amendment "forbids 'cruel and unusual' methods of capital punishment but does not guarantee a prisoner a painless death"; while a constitutionally-valid death sentencing like
400:
Bucklew and other convicts with death sentences across the country attempted to legally challenge states' refusal to use other protocols besides lethal injection through the courts, arguing that this was a violation of their Eighth
Amendment rights. This ultimately resulted in
411:
established a test for future challenges to methods of execution under the Eighth
Amendment, in that inmates must show that a "feasible, readily implemented" alternative procedure that would "significantly reduce a substantial risk of severe pain". With the decision in
720:
454:
requirement that an Eighth
Amendment challenge to capital punishment puts the onus on inmates to show that there exists an alternative that is "feasible, readily implemented, and in fact significantly reduces a substantial risk of severe pain."
552:. There were no reported complications with the execution. Corrections staff took precautions with Bucklew such as elevating the head of the gurney to prevent his choking on blood if a tumor were to burst and sedating him with
431:, and in 2014, began scheduling lethal injections, including for Bucklew. Bucklew sought a new lawsuit on challenging the use of the new drug for lethal injection on the basis that due his own personal health, suffering from
1923:
547:
denied clemency for
Bucklew on the morning of his planned execution, and he was executed as scheduled on October 1, 2019. He was pronounced dead at 6:23 p.m. CDT, eight minutes after being administered a lethal dose of
712:
1845:
435:, that the injection could cause vascular tumors that would not allow the drug to properly circulate, and thus could experience tremendous pain before the drug shut down his systems. Bucklew asserted both
1918:
423:, had been pressured by anti-death penalty advocates and its dwindling supplies to stop selling the drug for such purposes. By 2012, Missouri had altered its process to a single drug, first to
416:, the Supreme Court invalidated the other ongoing challenges, including that of Bucklew, and ordered states who had already gained approval for lethal injection to resume executions.
661:
634:
600:
90:
570:
531:
wrote a separate opinion, urging that there is no reason to rush execution sentences, particularly to avoid having any judicial mistakes harm the impact of the
Constitution.
1146:
370:
348:
458:
When
Bucklew returned to court in 2015 he had amended his claim with the suggestion that lethal gas was a viable alternative to lethal injection, and later identified
407:, decided by the Supreme Court in 2008, where it was determined that lethal injection by drugs was constitutional and did not violate the Eighth Amendment. Further,
486:
provided the proper tests, and the evidence presented by Bucklew was not sufficient for either a facial or as-applied challenge to the Eighth Amendment. Justice
478:
The Court issued its opinion on April 1, 2019. In a 5–4 decision falling along ideological lines, the Court upheld the Eighth Circuit's decision, affirming that
679:
1005:
1913:
1933:
1137:
1928:
1908:
366:
776:
1292:
749:"Penalty of Death, Part 1: 15 years ago this week, Russell Bucklew ended the life of Michael Sanders, changed the lives of others forever"
565:
362:
46:
986:
527:. While Missouri did not use this method, it was authorized (though never previously implemented) in three other states. Justice
419:
However, Missouri was forced to put its death penalties on hold, as one of the companies providing one of the injected drugs,
1772:
499:
that "intensified the death sentence by 'superadding' terror, pain or disgrace." Gorsuch criticized the choice of death by
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1209:
804:
753:
432:
1080:
1665:
1356:
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1217:
1107:
784:
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Bucklew's case to be reheard if he could demonstrate that there was a feasible alternative, as per
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171:
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1532:
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1468:
1364:
1308:
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1241:
1233:
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420:
495:
would require a moment of intense pain, the Eighth Amendment would forbid methods like being
1869:
1764:
1649:
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1508:
1444:
1412:
1372:
1332:
1324:
1044:
625:
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381:
217:
1089:
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1524:
1516:
1492:
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1115:
528:
467:
289:
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245:
156:
134:
65:
Russell Bucklew v. Anne L. Precythe, Director, Missouri Department of Corrections, et al.
1816:
1756:
1692:
1673:
1596:
987:"Missouri inmate executed despite concerns he could suffer because of his rare disease"
516:
512:
of death sentence was not purposely designed to inflict additional pain on the inmate.
257:
145:
607:
1902:
1201:
549:
428:
895:
17:
1556:
849:
831:
595:
487:
403:
375:
281:
265:
237:
211:
195:
179:
1006:"Missouri convicted murderer Bucklew shows no signs of suffering during execution"
799:
748:
544:
277:
470:
had still been serving, to put Bucklew's case on hold and evaluate his case.
97:
1098:
713:"Divided Supreme Court rules against death-row inmate with rare condition"
109:
459:
424:
187:
175:
160:
543:
scheduled an execution date of October 1 for Bucklew. Missouri Governor
1031:"Missouri Executes Russell Bucklew Despite Threat of Botched Execution"
492:
932:"Rancor and Raw Emotion Surface in Supreme Court Death Penalty Ruling"
680:"Rancor and Raw Emotion Surface in Supreme Court Death Penalty Ruling"
553:
142:
131:
1846:
Browning-Ferris Industries of Vermont, Inc. v. Kelco Disposal, Inc.
800:"Convicted murderer Russell Bucklew scheduled for May 21 execution"
964:
960:"Missouri Supreme Court Sets Execution Date For Russell Bucklew"
896:"US Supreme Court rules inmate has 'no right to painless death'"
864:"Supreme Court rules against death row inmate with rare disease"
153:
1795:
1158:
1119:
330:
Breyer, joined by Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan (all but Part III)
41:
1924:
Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause and death penalty case law
900:
868:
780:
444:. Prior to the rehearing, the Supreme Court concluded in
365:
case regarding the standards for challenging methods of
1045:"FindLaw's Supreme Court of Missouri case and opinions"
148:(Mo. 2001); denial of habeas corpus petition affirmed;
1919:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
198:(8th Cir. 2018); cert. granted, 138 S. Ct. 1706 (2018)
571:
List of people executed in the United States in 2019
306:
Gorsuch, joined by Roberts, Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh
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1806:
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53:
34:
371:Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution
178:May 19, 2014); reversed and remanded, 783 F.3d
515:The dissenting opinion was written by Justice
1131:
8:
777:"High court upholds lethal injection method"
182:(8th Cir. 2015); summary judgment granted,
137:(Mo. 1998); post-conviction relief denied,
1803:
1792:
1166:
1155:
1138:
1124:
1116:
925:
923:
921:
919:
31:
649:
647:
620:
618:
616:
1076:, 587 U.S. ___ (2019) is available from:
126:Conviction and death sentence affirmed,
582:
890:
888:
886:
742:
740:
738:
590:
588:
586:
1293:Louisiana ex rel. Francis v. Resweber
29:2019 United States Supreme Court case
7:
723:from the original on August 20, 2020
566:List of people executed in Missouri
862:de Vogue, Ariane (April 1, 2019).
462:as a viable alternative (e.g. via
47:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
1914:United States Supreme Court cases
1004:Nelson, Alisa (October 2, 2019).
1934:People with cavernous hemangioma
958:Margolies, Dan (June 25, 2019).
798:Priddy, Emily (April 10, 2014).
747:Moyers, Scott (March 11, 2011).
711:Barnes, Robert (April 1, 2019).
40:
1929:Capital punishment in Missouri
1909:2019 in United States case law
1773:City of Grants Pass v. Johnson
1147:United States Eighth Amendment
930:Liptak, Adam (April 1, 2019).
775:Mears, Bill (April 16, 2008).
678:Liptak, Adam (April 1, 2019).
1:
361:, 587 U.S. 119 (2019), was a
1160:Cruel and unusual punishment
1108:Supreme Court (slip opinion)
1862:United States v. Bajakajian
363:United States Supreme Court
1950:
1099:Oyez (oral argument audio)
450:in 2015 that affirmed the
190:June 15, 2017); affirmed,
1802:
1791:
1725:South Carolina v. Gathers
1397:Skipper v. South Carolina
1165:
1154:
852: (8th Cir. 2018).
834: (8th Cir. 2015).
347:
231:
209:
39:
1878:Tyler v. Hennepin County
1825:United States v. Salerno
1797:Excessive bail and fines
166:Habeas petition denied,
1854:Austin v. United States
1389:Caldwell v. Mississippi
1250:Montgomery v. Louisiana
349:U.S. Const. amend. VIII
54:Argued November 6, 2018
1837:Excessive Fines Clause
1701:Robinson v. California
1317:California v. Anderson
1301:McGautha v. California
1186:Robinson v. California
1178:Weems v. United States
556:before the execution.
541:Missouri Supreme Court
539:On June 25, 2019, the
501:inert gas asphyxiation
464:inert gas asphyxiation
1808:Excessive Bail Clause
1549:Panetti v. Quarterman
1429:Maynard v. Cartwright
850:883 F.3d 1087
832:783 F.3d 1120
96:139 S. Ct. 1112; 203
56:Decided April 1, 2019
1565:Kennedy v. Louisiana
1461:Whitmore v. Arkansas
1453:Stanford v. Kentucky
1437:Thompson v. Oklahoma
1421:Lowenfield v. Phelps
1266:Jones v. Mississippi
1210:Harmelin v. Michigan
805:Southeast Missourian
754:Southeast Missourian
433:cavernous hemangioma
395:Russell Earl Bucklew
18:Russell Earl Bucklew
1741:Helling v. McKinney
1666:Hudson v. McMillian
1632:Corporal punishment
1621:Bucklew v. Precythe
1357:Spaziano v. Florida
1258:Virginia v. LeBlanc
1218:Ewing v. California
1074:Bucklew v. Precythe
845:Bucklew v. Precythe
827:Bucklew v. Lombardi
717:The Washington Post
654:Bucklew v. Precythe
497:drawn and quartered
358:Bucklew v. Precythe
254:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
192:Bucklew v. Precythe
168:Bucklew v. Lombardi
150:Bucklew v. Luebbers
35:Bucklew v. Precythe
1733:Payne v. Tennessee
1658:Ingraham v. Wright
1613:Madison v. Alabama
1485:Atkins v. Virginia
1477:Herrera v. Collins
1405:Ford v. Wainwright
1381:Glass v. Louisiana
1349:Godfrey v. Georgia
1226:Lockyer v. Andrade
1033:. October 2, 2019.
937:The New York Times
787:on April 24, 2017.
685:The New York Times
367:capital punishment
242:Associate Justices
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1787:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1749:Farmer v. Brennan
1717:Estelle v. Gamble
1642:Jackson v. Bishop
1533:Hill v. McDonough
1501:Tennard v. Dretke
1469:Walton v. Arizona
1365:Enmund v. Florida
1309:Furman v. Georgia
1285:Wilkerson v. Utah
1242:Miller v. Alabama
1234:Graham v. Florida
1194:Rummel v. Estelle
421:sodium thiopental
354:
353:
184:No. 4:14-cv-08000
172:No. 4:14-cv-08000
16:(Redirected from
1941:
1870:Timbs v. Indiana
1804:
1793:
1765:Kahler v. Kansas
1650:Gates v. Collier
1589:Hurst v. Florida
1581:Glossip v. Gross
1509:Roper v. Simmons
1445:Penry v. Lynaugh
1413:Tison v. Arizona
1373:Pulley v. Harris
1333:Coker v. Georgia
1325:Gregg v. Georgia
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783:. Archived from
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763:
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733:
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728:
708:
702:
701:
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697:
692:on July 15, 2020
688:. Archived from
675:
669:
651:
642:
626:Glossip v. Gross
622:
611:
592:
447:Glossip v. Gross
382:Glossip v. Gross
227:Court membership
218:Glossip v. Gross
139:Bucklew v. State
128:State v. Bucklew
44:
43:
32:
21:
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1899:
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1897:
1884:
1831:
1798:
1779:
1709:Powell v. Texas
1680:
1653:(5th Cir. 1974)
1645:(8th Cir. 1968)
1633:
1627:
1573:Hall v. Florida
1541:Kansas v. Marsh
1525:Oregon v. Guzek
1520:(5th Cir. 2005)
1517:Bigby v. Dretke
1493:Ring v. Arizona
1341:Lockett v. Ohio
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1150:
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993:. October 2019.
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904:. April 1, 2019
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668:___ (2019).
652:
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641:___ (2015).
623:
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593:
584:
579:
562:
537:
529:Sonia Sotomayor
476:
468:Anthony Kennedy
393:In March 1996,
391:
290:Brett Kavanaugh
280:
270:Sonia Sotomayor
268:
256:
246:Clarence Thomas
101:
55:
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30:
23:
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1817:Stack v. Boyle
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1757:Brown v. Plata
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1713:
1705:
1697:
1693:Trop v. Dulles
1688:
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1674:Hope v. Pelzer
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1662:
1654:
1646:
1637:
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1617:
1609:
1605:Moore v. Texas
1601:
1597:Kansas v. Carr
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1081:Google Scholar
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1557:Baze v. Rees
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1052:. Retrieved
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941:. Retrieved
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906:. Retrieved
899:
873:. Retrieved
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826:
821:
809:. Retrieved
803:
793:
785:the original
770:
758:. Retrieved
752:
725:. Retrieved
716:
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694:. Retrieved
690:the original
683:
673:
653:
624:
610: (2008).
596:Baze v. Rees
594:
538:
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488:Neil Gorsuch
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404:Baze v. Rees
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380:
376:Baze v. Rees
374:
357:
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343:Laws applied
285:
282:Neil Gorsuch
273:
266:Samuel Alito
261:
249:
238:John Roberts
216:
212:Baze v. Rees
210:
191:
167:
149:
138:
127:
116:Case history
89:
64:
26:
1634:or injuries
1320:(Cal. 1972)
1010:Missourinet
545:Mike Parson
319:Concurrence
311:Concurrence
278:Elena Kagan
194:, 883 F.3d
1903:Categories
1015:January 7,
727:August 20,
656:, No.
629:, No.
577:References
389:Background
369:under the
71:Docket no.
1054:March 29,
535:Execution
338:Sotomayor
322:Kavanaugh
98:L. Ed. 2d
81:Citations
1149:case law
1072:Text of
971:June 30,
943:April 2,
908:April 1,
875:April 1,
811:April 2,
760:April 2,
721:Archived
696:July 15,
560:See also
474:Decision
460:nitrogen
425:propofol
303:Majority
188:W.D. Mo.
176:W.D. Mo.
161:8th Cir.
106:Argument
1049:Findlaw
658:17-8151
631:14-7955
525:Glossip
509:Glossip
493:hanging
484:Glossip
335:Dissent
327:Dissent
205:Holding
75:17-8151
1881:(2023)
1873:(2019)
1865:(1998)
1857:(1993)
1849:(1989)
1828:(1987)
1820:(1951)
1776:(2024)
1768:(2020)
1760:(2011)
1752:(1994)
1744:(1993)
1736:(1991)
1728:(1989)
1720:(1976)
1712:(1968)
1704:(1962)
1696:(1958)
1677:(2002)
1669:(1992)
1661:(1977)
1624:(2019)
1616:(2019)
1608:(2017)
1600:(2016)
1592:(2016)
1584:(2015)
1576:(2014)
1568:(2008)
1560:(2008)
1552:(2007)
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1328:(1976)
1312:(1972)
1304:(1971)
1296:(1947)
1288:(1879)
1269:(2021)
1261:(2017)
1253:(2016)
1245:(2012)
1237:(2010)
1229:(2003)
1221:(2003)
1213:(1991)
1205:(1983)
1197:(1980)
1189:(1962)
1181:(1910)
1111:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1090:Justia
1087:
1084:
1078:
848:,
830:,
660:,
633:,
599:,
554:Valium
437:facial
314:Thomas
288:
286:·
284:
276:
274:·
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264:
262:·
260:
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250:·
248:
222:tests.
152:, 436
143:S.W.3d
132:S.W.2d
130:, 973
1685:Other
664:
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163:2006)
141:, 38
121:Prior
88:119 (
1056:2022
1017:2020
973:2019
965:KCUR
945:2019
910:2019
877:2019
813:2019
762:2019
729:2020
698:2020
666:U.S.
639:U.S.
605:U.S.
523:and
521:Baze
505:Baze
482:and
480:Baze
452:Baze
442:Baze
414:Baze
409:Baze
379:and
215:and
196:1087
180:1120
157:1010
154:F.3d
91:more
86:U.S.
84:587
991:CNN
901:BBC
869:CNN
781:CNN
662:587
635:576
601:553
146:395
100:521
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764:.
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186:(
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