Russian Provisional Government

2588: 3664: 3807:, in September 1917 . Due to the extreme weakness of the government at this point, there was talk among the elites of bolstering its power by including Kornilov as a military dictator on the side of Kerensky. The extent to which this deal had indeed been accepted by all parties is still unclear. What is clear, however, is that when Kornilov's troops approached Petrograd, Kerensky branded them as counter-revolutionaries and demanded their arrest. This move can be seen as an attempt to bolster his own power by making him a defender of the revolution against a Napoleon-type figure. However, it had terrible consequences, as Kerensky's move was seen in the army as a betrayal of Kornilov, making them finally disloyal to the Provisional Government. Furthermore, as Kornilov's troops were arrested by the now armed Red Guard, it was the Soviet that was seen to have saved the country from military dictatorship. In order to defend himself and Petrograd, he provided the Bolsheviks with arms as he had little support from the army. When Kornilov did not attack Kerensky, the Bolsheviks did not return their weapons, making them a greater concern to Kerensky and the Provisional Government. 3836:

in mind the unanimous and enthusiastic recognition of Republican ideas, which affected the Moscow State Conference, the Provisional Government announces that the state system of the Russian state is the republican system and proclaims the Russian Republic. Urgent need for immediate and decisive action to restore the shocked state system has prompted the Provisional Government to pass the power of government to five individuals from its staff, headed by the Prime Minister. The Provisional Government considers its main objective to be the restoration of public order and the fighting efficiency of the armed forces. Believing that only the concentration of all the surviving forces of the country can help the Motherland out of the difficulty in which it now finds itself, the Provisional Government will seek to expand its membership by attracting to its ranks all those who consider the eternal and general interests of the country more important than the short-term and particular needs of certain parties or classes. The Provisional Government has no doubt that it will succeed in this task in the days ahead.

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previous section, some politicians within the Provisional Government advocated the rise of these institutions. Local government bodies had discretionary authority when deciding which Provisional Government laws to implement. For example, institutions that held power in rural areas were quick to implement national laws regarding the peasantry's use of idle land. Real enforcement power was in the hands of these local institutions and the soviets. Russian historian W.E. Mosse points out, this time period represented "the only time in modern Russian history when the Russian people were able to play a significant part in the shaping of their destinies". While this quote romanticizes Russian society under the Provisional Government, the quote nonetheless shows that important democratic institutions were prominent in 1917 Russia.

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viewpoints of the time period. The Bolsheviks gained their popularity within these institutions. Nonetheless, these committees represented the most democratic element of 1917 Russia. However, this form of democracy differed from and went beyond the political democracy advocated by the liberal intellectual elites and moderate socialists of the Provisional Government. Workers established economic democracy, as employees gained managerial power and direct control over their workplace. Worker self-management became a common practice throughout industrial enterprises. As workers became more militant and gained more economic power, they supported the radical Bolshevik party and lifted the Bolsheviks into power in October 1917.

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in which the interests of an elite few are represented to a greater extent than the working masses. The rise of special interest organizations gave people the means to mobilize and play a role in the democratic process. While groups such as trade unions formed to represent the needs of the working classes, professional organizations were also prominent. Professional organizations quickly developed a political side to represent member's interests. The political involvement of these groups represents a form of democratic participation as the government listened to such groups when formulating policy. Such interest groups played a negligible role in politics before February 1917 and after October 1917.

123: 3717:, which represented the socialist views of leftist parties. A dual power structure quickly arose consisting of the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet. While the Provisional Government retained the formal authority to rule over Russia, the Petrograd Soviet maintained actual power. With its control over the army and the railroads, the Petrograd Soviet had the means to enforce policies. The Provisional Government lacked the ability to administer its policies. In fact, local soviets, political organizations mostly of socialists, often maintained discretion when deciding whether or not to implement the Provisional Government's laws. 5902: 5568: 5613: 3710:). The SRs advocated a form of agrarian socialism and land policy that the peasantry overwhelmingly supported. For the most part, urban workers supported the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks (with greater numbers supporting the Bolsheviks as 1917 progressed), while the peasants supported the Socialist Revolutionaries. The rapid development and popularity of these leftist parties turned moderate-liberal parties, such as the Kadets, into "new conservatives." The Provisional Government was mostly composed of "new conservatives," and the new government faced tremendous opposition from the left. 3721:

Church from state, the emphasis on rural self-governance, and the affirmation of fundamental civil rights (such as freedom of speech, press, and assembly) that the tsarist government had periodically restricted shows the progressivism of the Provisional Government. Other policies included the abolition of capital punishment and economic redistribution in the countryside. The Provisional Government also granted more freedoms to previously suppressed regions of the Russian Empire. Poland was granted independence and Lithuania and Ukraine became more autonomous.

2153: 5417: 992: 2209: 3695:), composed mostly of liberal intellectuals, formed the greatest opposition to the tsarist regime leading up to the February Revolution. The Kadets transformed from an opposition force into a role of established leadership, as the former opposition party held most of the power in the new Provisional Government, which replaced the tsarist regime. The February Revolution was also accompanied by further politicization of the masses. Politicization of working people led to the leftward shift of the political spectrum. 172: 3633: 3788: 2792: 630: 3641: 86: 2172: 3729:) increased opposition to the government. Domestically, the Provisional Government's weaknesses were blatant. The dual power structure was in fact dominated by one side, the Petrograd Soviet. Minister of War Alexander Guchkov stated that "We (the Provisional Government) do not have authority, but only the appearance of authority; the real power lies with the Soviet". Severe limitations existed on the Provisional Government's ability to rule. 3769: 3706:). The Mensheviks often supported the actions of the Provisional Government and believed that the existence of such a government was a necessary step to achieve Communism. On the other hand, the Bolsheviks violently opposed the Provisional Government and desired a more rapid transition to Communism. In the countryside, political ideology also shifted leftward, with many peasants supporting the Socialist Revolutionary Party (see 2587: 3777: 72: 122: 5915: 3672: 454: 5507: 3680: 741: 3649: 2098: 402: 377: 2778: 2574: 440: 3844:, which was to elaborate the future Constitution of Russia. This Constitutional Assembly was to be chaired by Professor N. I. Lazarev and the historian V. M. Gessen. The Provisional Government was expected to continue to administer Russia until the Constituent Assembly had determined the future form of government. On 16 September 1917, the 3663: 718:, the history of the eight months during which Russia was ruled by the Provisional Government was the history of the steady and systematic disorganization of the army. For most of the life of the Provisional Government, the status of the monarchy was unresolved. This was finally clarified on 1 September , when the 3015:, Minister for War, embarked on a 'whirlwind tour' of the Russian forces at the fronts, giving passionate, 'near-hysterical', speeches where he called on troops to act heroically, stating 'we revolutionaries, have the right to death.' This worked for a time until Kerensky left and the effect on the troops waned. 916:. He did not want to take the poisoned chalice and deferred acceptance of imperial power the next day. The Provisional Government was designed to set up elections to the Assembly while maintaining essential government services, but its power was effectively limited by the Petrograd Soviet's growing authority. 3835:

The Coup of General Kornilov is suppressed. But the turmoil that he spread in the ranks of the army and in the country is great. Once again, a great danger threatens the fate of the country and its freedom. Considering it necessary to put an end to the uncertainty in the political system, and keeping

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Special interest groups also developed throughout 1917. Special interest groups play a large role in every society deemed "democratic" today, and such was the case of Russia in 1917. Many on the far left would argue that the presence of special interest groups represent a form of bourgeois democracy,

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During this period the Provisional Government merely reflected the will of the Soviet, where left tendencies (Bolshevism) were gaining ground. The Government, however, influenced by the "bourgeois" ministers, tried to base itself on the right-wing of the Soviet. Socialist ministers, coming under fire

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While professional special interest groups were on the rise, so too were worker organizations, especially in the cities. Beyond the formation of trade unions, factory committees of workers rapidly developed on the plant level of industrial centers. The factory committees represented the most radical

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Despite its short reign of power and implementation shortcomings, the Provisional Government passed very progressive legislation. The policies enacted by this moderate government (by 1917 Russian standards) represented arguably the most liberal legislation in Europe at the time. The independence of

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In the summer of 1917, within the government, the liberals persuaded the socialists that the Provisional Government needed to launch an offensive against Germany. This was as a consequence of several factors: a request from Britain and France to help take the pressure off their forces in the West,

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The offensive resulted in the death of thousands of Russian soldiers and great loss of territory. This failed military offensive produced an immediate effect in Petrograd in the form of an armed uprising known as the 'July Days'. The Provisional Government survived the initial uprising, but their

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The Provisional Government was unable to make decisive policy decisions due to political factionalism and a breakdown of state structures. This weakness left the government open to strong challenges from both the right and the left. The Provisional Government's chief adversary on the left was the

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The main obstacle and problem of the Provisional Government was its inability to enforce and administer legislative policies. Foreign policy was the one area in which the Provisional Government was able to exercise its discretion to a great extent. However, the continuation of aggressive foreign

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Trotsky was captured a few days later and imprisoned, whilst Lenin and Zinoviev went into hiding. Lenin had refused to stand trial for 'treason' as he argued that the state was in the hands of a 'counter-revolutionary military dictatorship', which was already engaged in a 'civil war' against the

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The Provisional Government accepted the resignation of Foreign Minister Milyukov and War Minister Guchkov and made a proposal to the Petrograd Soviet to form a coalition government. As a result of negotiations, on 22 April 1917, agreement was reached and 6 socialist ministers joined the cabinet.

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argued that the Provisional Government made perhaps its "worst mistake" by not holding elections to the Constituent Assembly soon enough. They wasted time fine-tuning details of the election law, while Russia slipped further into anarchy and economic chaos. By the time the Assembly finally met,

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The rise of local organizations, such as trade unions and rural institutions, and the devolution of power within the Russian government gave rise to democratization. It is difficult to say that the Provisional Government desired the rise of these powerful, local institutions. As stated in the

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Kerensky became the new Prime Minister of the Provisional Government on the 21st of July. Prince Lvov had resigned along with many Bourgeois ministers from the Provisional Government. He had been considered to be closely associated with the soviets, and in a strong leading position.

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sent a note to the Allied governments, promising to continue the war to 'its glorious conclusion'. On 20–21 April 1917, massive demonstrations of workers and soldiers erupted against the continuation of war. Demonstrations demanded resignation of Milyukov. They were soon met by the

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With the 1917 February Revolution, Tsar Nicholas II's abdication, and the formation of a completely new Russian state, Russia's political spectrum was dramatically altered. The tsarist leadership represented an authoritarian, conservative form of governance. The Kadet Party (see

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The Ministry of Justice released leaflets accusing the Bolsheviks of treason on the charge of inciting armed rebellion with German financial support, and published warrants for the arrest of the party's main leaders. Following this, troops cleared the party's Headquarters in the

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Furthermore, the Menshevik Chairman of the Soviet, Chkheidze, spoke to the demonstrators in an 'imperious tone', calmly handing their leader a Soviet manifesto, and ordered them to return home or be condemned as traitors to the revolution, to which the crowd quickly dispersed.

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When Socialist Revolutionary Minister Chernov attempted to calm them down, he was taken outside as a hostage until Trotsky appeared from the Soviet assembly and intervened with a speech praising the "Comrade Kronstadter's, pride and glory of the Russian revolution".

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Some academics, such as Pavel Osinsky, argue that the October Revolution was as much a function of the failures of the Provisional Government as it was of the strength of the Bolsheviks. Osinsky described this as "socialism by default" as opposed to "socialism by design."

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forces under the leadership of Bolshevik commanders launched their final attack on the ineffectual Provisional Government. Most government offices were occupied and controlled by Bolshevik soldiers on the 25th; the last holdout of the Provisional Ministers, the Tsar's

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favored devolution of power to decentralized organizations. The Provisional Government did not desire the complete decentralization of power, but certain members definitely advocated more political participation by the masses in the form of grassroots mobilization.

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avoiding the national humiliation of a defeat, to help put the generals and officers back in control of the armed forces so they could control the revolution and to place them in a better bargaining position with the Germans when peace negotiations started.

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The June Offensive, which started on 16 June, lasted for just three days before falling apart. During the offensive, the rate of desertion was high and soldiers began to mutiny, with some even killing their commanding officers instead of fighting.

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proletariat. Lenin believed that these events were "an episode in the civil war" and described how "all hopes for a peaceful development of the Russian revolution have vanished for good" when writing a few days after his flight.

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On October 24, Kerensky accused the Bolsheviks of treason. After the Bolshevik walkout, some of the remaining delegates continued to stress that ending the war as soon as possible was beneficial to the nation. On 24–26 October

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from their left-wing Soviet associates, were compelled to pursue a double-faced policy. The Provisional Government was unable to make decisive policy decisions due to political factionalism and a breakdown of state structures.

1981: 1960: 1939: 1918: 1830: 1814: 808:. He temporarily took formal state power and announced the creation of a new government on 13 March. The Provisional Government was formed on 15 March 1917 (N.S.) by the Provisional Committee in cooperation with the 152: 1822: 3102:

These developments left a new crisis in the Provisional Government. Bourgeois ministers, belonging to the Constitutional Democratic Party resigned, and no cabinet could be formed until the end of the month.

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In August 1917, Russian socialists assembled for a conference on defense, which resulted in a split between the Bolsheviks, who rejected the continuation of the war, and moderate socialists. The

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It also said, "The provisional government feels obliged to add that it is not intended to take advantage of military circumstances for any delay in implementing the above reforms and measures."

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Immediate preparations for the convocation on basis of universal, equal, secret, and direct vote for the Constituent Assembly which will determine the form of government and the constitution.

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Under preservation of strict discipline in ranks and performing a military service – elimination of all restrictions for soldiers in the use of public rights granted to all other citizens.

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On the morning of July 3 (July 16), the machine-gun regiment voted in favour of an armed demonstration, with it agreed that the demonstrators should march peacefully to the front of the

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While it was true that the Provisional Government lacked enforcement ability, prominent members within the Government encouraged bottom-up rule. Politicians such as Prime Minister

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Freedom of word, press, unions, assemblies, and strikes with spread of political freedoms to military servicemen within the restrictions allowed by military-technical conditions.

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committee then taking over and ruling Russia's most important port city, which tentatively cooperated with the government at first, but then gradually gained control of the

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At around 7 pm, soldiers and a group of workers from the Putilov iron plant broke into the palace and, flourishing their rifles, demanded full power to the Soviets.

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members of the cabinet resigned, leaving Prince Lvov's government in disarray. This prompted further urban demonstrations, as workers demanded "all power to the Soviets."

3079:, and the capital quickly succumbed to anti-Bolshevik hysteria as hundreds of Bolsheviks were arrested and known or suspected Bolsheviks were attacked in the streets by 151: 848:. The period of competition for authority ended in late October 1917, when Bolsheviks routed the ministers of the Provisional Government in the events known as the " 6112: 1810: 1897: 1794: 4800: 1802: 1784: 5710: 5621: 4828: 4656: 3865: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 3405: 2348: 2177: 2126: 761: 275: 4905: 3971: 2823: 2623: 1406: 909: 491: 4447:

The Democratic Conference and the Pre-Parliament in Russia, 1917: Class, Nationality, and the Building of a Postimperial Community by Ivan Sablin, p. 19

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The Democratic Conference and the Pre-Parliament in Russia, 1917: Class, Nationality, and the Building of a Postimperial Community by Ivan Sablin, p. 4

6107: 5931: 5390: 3898:. Kerensky spent the next few weeks in hiding before fleeing the country. He went into exile in France and eventually emigrated to the United States. 1974: 6097: 4493:, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal Convention Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada August 2006 6092: 6068: 4917: 4860: 3949: 1756: 1567: 797: 634: 485: 5947: 6122: 5939: 5632: 4972: 4763: 2930: 4069:

Harold Whitmore Williams (1919) The Spirit of the Russian Revolution, p. 14, 15. Russian Liberation Committee, no. 9, 173 Fleet Street. London

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Finally, on the 24th of July (6 August) 1917, a new coalition cabinet, composed mostly of socialists, was formed with Kerensky at its head.

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Wade, Rex A. "The Revolution at One Hundred: Issues and Trends in the English Language Historiography of the Russian Revolution of 1917".

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The party's political fortunes were poor but were revived after an abortive 'coup d'état' by right-wing elements led by General Kornilov.

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Lindenmeyr, Adele (October 2001), "The First Soviet Political Trial: Countess Sofia Panina before the Petrograd Revolutionary Tribunal",

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Full and immediate amnesty on all issues political and religious, including: terrorist acts, military uprisings, and agrarian crimes etc.

864:. The weakness of the Provisional Government is perhaps best reflected in the derisive nickname given to Kerensky: "persuader-in-chief." 6003: 4954: 5590: 5324: 6019: 5995: 5582: 5468: 4291: 3011:

The government agreed that a 'successful military offensive' was required to unite the people and restore morale to the Russian army.

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On 12 September an All-Russian Democratic Conference was convened, and its presidium decided to create a Pre-Parliament and a

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As violence escalated in the streets with the mob looting shops, houses, and attacking well-dressed civilians, Cossacks and

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briefly in an attempt to resist the Bolsheviks. However, this initiative ended on 28 November with the arrest of Panina,

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pro-war position meant that moderate socialist government leaders lost their credibility among the soldiers and workers.

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Thatcher, Ian D. "The 'broad centrist' political parties and the first provisional government, 3 March–5 May 1917".

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Lipatova, Nadezhda V. "On the Verge of the Collapse of Empire: Images of Alexander Kerensky and Mikhail Gorbachev".

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Non-disarmament and non-withdrawal out of Petrograd the military units participating in the revolution movement.

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Elections to the authorities of local self-government on basis of universal, direct, equal, and secret vote.

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abdicated on 2 March , and Milyukov announced the committee's decision to offer the Regency to his brother,

3828:) was proclaimed, in a decree signed by Kerensky as Minister-President and Zarudny as Minister of Justice. 6027: 5359: 4815: 4009: 3632: 3500: 3045:

The following day, July 4 (July 17), around 20,000 armed sailors from the Kronstadt naval base arrived in

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Thus far, the status of the monarchy had been unresolved. This was clarified on 1 September , when the

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on the Neva River bank, was captured on the 26th. Kerensky escaped the Winter Palace raid and fled to

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W. E. Mosse, "Interlude: The Russian Provisional Government 1917," Soviet Studies 15 (1964): 411–412

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Thatcher, Ian D. "Post-Soviet Russian Historians and the Russian Provisional Government of 1917".

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Matthew Rendle, "The Officer Corps, Professionalism, And Democracy In The Russian Revolution," 922

3702:), while some, though a small minority in February, favored the more radical Bolshevik Party (see 3526: 629: 5269: 5193: 4705: 4665: 3861: 3726: 3683: 3556: 3460: 3390: 3297: 3224: 3179: 3136: 3012: 2839: 2828: 2645: 2629: 2499: 2430: 2366: 2312: 1877: 1841: 1780: 1768: 1676: 1629: 1369: 1267: 1255: 1169: 1157: 919:

Public announcement of the formation of the Provisional Government was made. It was published in

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and elect delegates to 'present their demands to the executive committee of the Soviet'.

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began to fire upon the crowds, causing the marchers to scatter in panic as dozens were killed.

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Hickey, Michael C. "The Provisional Government and Local Administration in Smolensk in 1917".

4541: 4508: 4337: 4312: 4287: 4157: 4129: 3800: 3351: 3237: 2981:, commander of the Petrograd military district, wished to suppress the disorders, but premier 2901: 2713: 2546: 2353: 2297: 1764: 1728: 1724: 1617: 1426: 1414: 1289: 1275: 1259: 1226: 1179: 1032: 1009: 1005: 980: 801: 769: 723: 644: 576: 5264: 5160: 5130: 5097: 4880: 4810: 4805: 4467: 4000: 3922: 3811: 3714: 3252: 3209: 3092: 3084: 3046: 2969: 2877: 2687: 2517: 2214: 1720: 1579: 1497: 1454: 1247: 1237: 905: 897: 885: 881: 877: 853: 829: 809: 793: 719: 676: 611: 550: 445: 395: 193: 183: 52: 4401:

Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Russian Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 54–55

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Rex A. Wade, The Russian Revolution, 1917 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), 67

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Thatcher, Ian D. "Historiography of the Russian Provisional Government 1917 in the USSR".

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Orlovsky, Daniel. "Corporatism or democracy: the Russian Provisional Government of 1917".

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On July 2 , in response to the government's compromises with Ukrainian nationalists, the

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The authority of the Tsar's government began disintegrating on 1 November 1916, when

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the day after its formation. The announcement stated the declaration of government

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Osinsky, Pavel. War, State Collapse, Redistribution: Russian Revolution Revisited

4123: 856:, or "workers' councils," which had given their support to the Bolsheviks led by 149: 121: 5294: 5274: 5125: 5049: 3733: 3679: 3652: 2982: 2750: 2251: 1742: 1643: 1625: 1603: 1591: 1013: 749: 740: 696: 508: 497: 286: 245: 5506: 3648: 453: 5112: 4982: 4977: 4770: 2972:

demands for peace at any cost. On 18 April 1917, minister of Foreign Affairs

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Group of forces in battle with the counterrevolution in the South of Russia

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Many urban workers originally supported the socialist Menshevik Party (see

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Riasanovsky noted, "the Bolsheviks had already gained control of Russia."

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Twelve members of the Russian Provisional Government, from left to right:

4890: 1872: 1776: 1599: 1422: 1042: 921: 780:, I. V. Godniev, V. N. Lvov, and F. I. Rodichev. Poster published by the 722:

was proclaimed, in a decree signed by Kerensky as Minister-President and

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Abolition of all hereditary, religious, and national class restrictions.

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Thatcher, Ian D. "Memoirs of the Russian Provisional Government 1917".

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Opposition was most obvious with the development and dominance of the

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and its convention. The provisional government, led first by Prince

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and its elected chairmanship subordinated to the local authorities.

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proclamation about the overthrowing of the Provisional Government

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Mosse, "Interlude: The Russian Provisional Government 1917," 414

4200:"Announcement of the First Provisional Government, 3 March 1917" 4125:

The Catastrophe – Kerensky's Own Story of the Russian Revolution

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The Bolsheviks then replaced the government with their own. The

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The Russian Revolution: A Collection of Contemporary Documents

3636:

Eleven members of Russian Provisional Government in March 1917

4096: 4094: 3803:

by the then commander-in-chief of the Russian army, General

147: 119: 4422: 3872:

Results of the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election

2977:

counter-demonstrations organised in his support. General

888:, both Prime Ministers for only a few weeks. During the 4556:

Critical companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921

4309:

A People's Tragedy: A History of the Russian Revolution

4284:

Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928

3965:

International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)

4507:(6th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 458. 4156:(6th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 457. 4147: 4145: 4024: 3822: 4615:

Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography

4563:

Journal of Modern Russian History and Historiography

5899: 5708: 5610: 5565: 5504: 5414: 5312: 5250: 5212: 5179: 5111: 5068: 5040: 5022: 5015: 4953: 4853: 4724: 4683: 4676: 4627:Browder, Robert P. and Alexander F. Kerensky, eds. 2944: 2936: 2926: 2916: 2911: 2897: 2883: 2873: 2863: 2845: 2835: 2819: 2814: 2806: 2798: 2768: 2756: 2746: 2736: 2728: 2723: 2709: 2695: 2683: 2673: 2651: 2641: 2619: 2614: 2606: 2594: 2564: 2228:Initial composition of the Provisional Government: 617: 607: 597: 587: 582: 572: 558: 546: 536: 514: 504: 481: 476: 468: 460: 430: 416: 344: 327: 312: 297: 281: 271: 251: 235: 221: 211: 199: 189: 179: 39: 4533: 880:government in the Duma. Stürmer was succeeded by 6103:Provisional governments of the Russian Civil War 4286:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 123. 3430:Minister of Internal Affairs, Post and Telegraph 1993: 1686: 4336:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 197–199. 4104:. University of Oregon/Alan Kimball. 2004-11-29 3833: 3758:Kornilov affair and declaration of the Republic 3133:Minister-President and Minister of War and Navy 3402:Vice-president, Minister of Trade and Industry 5391: 4650: 4334:Russia's Last Gasp: The Eastern Front 1916–17 3815: 2120: 44: 8: 4225:A People's History of the Russian Revolution 4189:(3rd ed.), Hodder Murray, London 2005, p. 79 3866:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 800:were appointed. The committee was headed by 3667:Alexander Guchkov - Finnish Heritage Agency 3027:July crisis and second coalition government 2248:Prime minister and Minister of the Interior 796:was forced to resign, 24 commissars of the 5398: 5384: 5376: 5019: 4680: 4657: 4643: 4635: 3972:Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee 2127: 2113: 965: 36: 4187:Reaction and Revolution: Russia 1894–1924 804:and suspended the activity of the Fourth 5521: 4311:. New York: Penguin. pp. 423, 431. 4128:. D. Appleton and Company. p. 126. 3372: 3118: 2230: 2138: 941:Replacement of the police with a public 852:", and placed power in the hands of the 643:, V. A. Rzhevsky, S. I. Shidlovsky, and 4918:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine 4861:Provisional Committee of the State Duma 4629:The Russian Provisional Government 1917 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4041: 3993: 3950:All-Russian Central Executive Committee 2878:Executive Committee of Petrograd Soviet 1718: 1561: 1374: 1231: 1155: 1071: 979: 968: 798:Provisional Committee of the State Duma 635:Provisional Committee of the State Duma 6113:Anti-communist organizations in Russia 4973:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party 4536:Kerensky: First Love of the Revolution 4374:Wade, The Russian Revolution, 1917, 57 2765: 2561: 427: 4218: 4216: 4176:Harold Whitmore Williams (1919), p. 3 3925:, then Panina being the subject of a 892:two rival institutions, the imperial 326: 311: 296: 292: 250: 234: 230: 220: 7: 4801:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920) 3791:Third Russian Provisional Government 18:Russian Provisional Government, 1917 4764:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic 4584:Slavonic & East European Review 4242:. The Book Service Ltd. p. 62. 3848:was dissolved by the newly created 3148:Vice-president, Minister of Finance 816:. The government was led first by 792:On 12 March , after Prime Minister 4886:Council of the People's Commissars 4596:(2015), Issue 8, pp. 108–132. 4088:at prlib.ru, accessed 12 June 2017 3907:Underground Provisional Government 637:in March 1917. From left to right: 32:Provisional All-Russian Government 25: 5529: 4577:The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 4015:Врѣ́менное прави́тельство Россі́и 4005:Вре́менное прави́тельство Росси́и 3960:Diplomatic history of World War I 3628:Legislative policies and problems 6108:1917 disestablishments in Russia 5913: 5900: 5709: 5611: 5566: 5505: 5415: 4896:Military Revolutionary Committee 3894:but were beaten the next day at 3056:stationed atop the buildings of 2968:Milyukov, who staunchly opposed 2790: 2776: 2586: 2572: 2207: 2190: 2170: 2151: 2096: 990: 452: 438: 400: 375: 170: 84: 70: 4791:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 4202:. FirstWorldWar.com. 2002-12-29 4086:The Russian Republic Proclaimed 4052:. FirstWorldWar.com. 2002-12-29 4026:Vrémennoye pravítel'stvo Rossíi 3772:Lavr Kornilov in Moscow c. 1917 3693:Constitutional Democratic Party 2985:refused to resort to violence. 2008:Not internationally recognized. 6093:Russian Provisional Government 5617:Council of People's Commissars 5511:Russian Provisional Government 5325:German Revolution of 1918–1919 4866:Russian Provisional Government 4503:Riasanovsky, Nicholas (2000). 4227:. Pluto Press. pp. 85–86. 4152:Riasanovsky, Nicholas (2000). 4102:"Annotated chronology (notes)" 3977:Russian entry into World War I 3581:Minister of Post and Telegraph 3324:Minister of Post and Telegraph 3221:Minister of Trade and Industry 2996: 2892:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries 2704:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries 2514:Minister of Post and Telegraph 2345:Minister of Trade and Industry 2002: 1466:General Secretariat of Ukraine 826:Council of Ministers of Russia 665:Russian Provisional Government 567:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries 432:Russian Provisional Government 46:Временное правительство России 41:Russian Provisional Government 1: 6123:Russian Empire in World War I 4990:Socialist Revolutionary Party 4737:Ukrainian War of Independence 4540:. Columbia University Press. 3708:Socialist-Revolutionary Party 3532:Socialist-Revolutionary Party 3396:Socialist-Revolutionary Party 3273:Socialist-Revolutionary Party 3185:Socialist-Revolutionary Party 3142:Socialist-Revolutionary Party 2469:Socialist-Revolutionary Party 2387:Socialist-Revolutionary Party 2372:Socialist-Revolutionary Party 2318:Socialist-Revolutionary Party 2016: 1234:Great Stand on the Ugra River 6118:Cabinets established in 1917 4901:Russian Constituent Assembly 4796:Red Army invasion of Georgia 4781:Estonian War of Independence 4631:(3 vols, Stanford UP, 1961). 4122:Kerensky, Alexander (1927). 3842:Special Constituent Assembly 3831:The Decree read as follows: 3611:Minister of Public Charities 3176:Minister of Internal Affairs 914:Russian Constituent Assembly 693:Russian Constituent Assembly 5345:Workers' Councils in Poland 4943:Ukrainian People's Republic 4786:Latvian War of Independence 4594:Twentieth Century Communism 4554:Acton, Edward, et al. eds. 4025: 3823: 3417:Minister of Foreign Affairs 3303:Popular Socialists (Russia) 3243:Popular Socialists (Russia) 3163:Minister of Foreign Affairs 2505:Popular Socialists (Russia) 2263:Minister of Foreign Affairs 1530:Provisional Priamurye Govt. 844:, local factories, and the 27:1917 provisional government 6154: 6098:Post–Russian Empire states 6069:Soviet Government Cabinets 5922:of the Russian Federation 5365:Belarusian-Soviet conflict 5007:General Jewish Labour Bund 4876:Pro-independence movements 3919:Andrei Ivanovich Shingarev 3869: 3859: 3799:was an attempted military 3761: 3363: 3318:Progressive Party (Russia) 3000: 2770:Kerensky Second Government 812:, despite protests of the 782:Russian Information Bureau 733: 29: 6063: 5572:Governments of the Whites 5335:Hungarian Soviet Republic 4711:Kerensky–Krasnov uprising 4532:Abraham, Richard (1987). 4014: 4004: 3816: 3725:policy (for example, the 3370:From 25 September 1917. 2997:Kerensky's June Offensive 2850:Socialist-Revolutionaries 2789: 2775: 2656:Socialist-Revolutionaries 2585: 2571: 2566:Kerensky First Government 2444: 2395: 2362: 2293: 2262: 2182: 1972: 1951: 1933:Luhansk People's Republic 1930: 1912:Donetsk People's Republic 1909: 1888: 1871: 1854: 1675: 1664: 1528: 1507: 1496: 1485: 1464: 1353: 1342: 1331: 1320: 1309: 1114:Principality of Chernigov 828:, which presided in the 681:abdication of Nicholas II 523:Socialist-Revolutionaries 451: 437: 354: 340: 293: 267: 231: 161: 100: 66: 61: 45: 5330:Bavarian Soviet Republic 5320:Revolutions of 1917–1923 3206:Minister of the Interior 3087:was forced to move from 2815:People and organisations 2615:People and organisations 2294:Minister of War and Navy 1539: 1209: 1133: 1051: 1041: 1031: 726:as Minister of Justice. 716:Harold Whitmore Williams 477:People and organisations 30:Not to be confused with 4747:Kiev Bolshevik Uprising 4472:10.1111/0036-0341.00188 4307:Figes, Orlando (1996). 4223:Faulkner, Neil (2017). 3566:Minister of Health Care 3523:Minister of Agriculture 3309:Minister of Health Care 3264:Minister of Agriculture 2445:Minister of Agriculture 1791:Eurasian Economic Union 1640:Parade of sovereignties 1104:Principality of Polotsk 138:"Anthem of Free Russia" 5360:Slovak Soviet Republic 5340:Hungarian–Romanian War 5042:Provisional Government 4586:93.2 (2015): 315–337. 4238:Cash, Anthony (1967). 4010:pre-reform orthography 3909:) met at the house of 3838: 3824:Rossiyskaya respublika 3792: 3784: 3773: 3687: 3676: 3675:Pavel Milyukov c. 1917 3668: 3660: 3645: 3637: 1381:Provisional Government 1322:Grand Duchy of Finland 1200:Principality of Moscow 904:, competed for power. 900:, both located in the 789: 669:provisional government 658: 216:Provisional government 156: 127: 5591:Vologodsky–Pepelyayev 5032:Nicholas II of Russia 4610:33.2 (2020): 197–220. 4572:65.2 (2013): 264–289. 4332:Buttar, Prit (2017). 4282:Smith, S. A. (2017). 3870:Further information: 3817:Российская республика 3790: 3779: 3771: 3682: 3674: 3666: 3651: 3643: 3635: 3510:Minister of Education 3497:Minister of Transport 3249:Minister of Education 3191:Minister of Transport 2864:Status in legislature 2674:Status in legislature 2427:Minister of Education 2327:Minister of Transport 2022:Not fully controlled. 1856:Republic of Tatarstan 1749:Constitutional crisis 743: 734:Further information: 657:, and M. A. Karaulov. 632: 537:Status in legislature 190:Common languages 155: 133:Gimn Svobodnoj Rossii 130:Гимн Свободной России 126: 116:Worker's Marseillaise 5906:Council of Ministers 5718:of the Russian SFSR 5715:Council of Ministers 5421:Council of Ministers 5408:Government of Russia 5350:Polish–Ukrainian War 4752:Polish–Ukrainian War 4742:Ukrainian–Soviet War 4608:Revolutionary Russia 4601:Revolutionary Russia 4565:9.1 (2016): 251–274. 3596:Minister of Religion 3501:Alexander Liverovsky 3449:Alexander Verkhovsky 3421:Mikhail Tereshchenko 3366:Directorate (Russia) 3167:Mikhail Tereshchenko 3077:Kshesinskaya Mansion 2400:Mikhail Tereshchenko 2282:Mikhail Tereshchenko 2243:Time of appointment 1795:Annexation of Crimea 1403:Constituent Assembly 1280:Second Patriotic War 836:Petrograd Soviet, a 707:gained power in the 653:, B. A. Engelhardt, 633:Nine members of the 322:10–13 September 1917 6128:Russian governments 5002:Union of October 17 4821:Kronstadt rebellion 4816:Workers' Opposition 4691:February Revolution 4579:24.1 (1997): 15–25. 4570:Europe-Asia Studies 4558:(Indiana UP, 1997). 4505:A History of Russia 4423:"1917 Free History" 4154:A History of Russia 3486:Pavel Malyantovitch 3482:Minister of Justice 3470:Minister of Finance 3406:Aleksandr Konovalov 3234:Minister of Justice 2690:of Petrograd Soviet 2688:Executive Committee 2396:Minister of Finance 2363:Minister of Justice 2349:Aleksandr Konovalov 2224:Initial composition 1975:Zaporizhzhia Oblast 1807:Invasion of Ukraine 1596:Great Patriotic War 1568:Cultural revolution 1509:Transcaucasian SFSR 1377:February Revolution 1264:Emancipation reform 1162:Council of Uvetichi 1012: • 1008: • 890:February Revolution 736:February Revolution 689:February Revolution 553:of Petrograd Soviet 551:Executive Committee 331:Republic proclaimed 302:February Revolution 276:Provisional Council 6133:Russian Revolution 5270:Stepan Petrichenko 5194:Alexander Kerensky 4706:October Revolution 4666:Russian Revolution 4603:27.1 (2014): 1–21. 4489:2008-02-14 at the 4460:The Russian Review 4255:A People's History 3862:October Revolution 3856:October Revolution 3793: 3785: 3774: 3727:Kerensky Offensive 3688: 3684:Alexander Kerensky 3677: 3669: 3661: 3646: 3638: 3557:Sergei Prokopovich 3538:Minister of Labour 3461:Dmitry Verderevsky 3391:Alexander Kerensky 3387:Minister-President 3298:Alexey Peshekhonov 3279:Minister of Labour 3225:Sergei Prokopovich 3180:Nikolai Avksentiev 3137:Alexander Kerensky 3116:Second coalition: 3013:Alexander Kerensky 2940:Alexander Kerensky 2927:Outgoing formation 2917:Incoming formation 2884:Opposition parties 2874:Opposition cabinet 2840:Alexander Kerensky 2836:Head of government 2829:Alexander Kerensky 2824:Grand Duke Michael 2760:Alexander Kerensky 2737:Outgoing formation 2729:Incoming formation 2696:Opposition parties 2684:Opposition cabinet 2668:Popular Socialists 2646:Alexander Kerensky 2642:Head of government 2630:Alexander Kerensky 2624:Grand Duke Michael 2598:24 July 1917 (see 2500:Alexey Peshekhonov 2478:Minister of Labour 2431:Alexander Manuilov 2367:Alexander Kerensky 2313:Alexander Kerensky 1891:Republic of Crimea 1842:Russian Federation 1785:Presidential terms 1677:Karelo-Finnish SSR 1630:Chernobyl disaster 1370:Russian Revolution 1268:Russo-Japanese War 1256:1812 Patriotic War 1170:Battle of Kulikovo 1158:Council of Liubech 910:Grand Duke Michael 850:October Revolution 824:. It replaced the 822:Alexander Kerensky 818:Prince Georgy Lvov 790: 778:A. I. Terestchenko 711:in October 1917. 709:October Revolution 701:Alexander Kerensky 659: 622:Alexander Kerensky 598:Outgoing formation 588:Incoming formation 559:Opposition parties 547:Opposition cabinet 531:Popular Socialists 505:Head of government 262:Alexander Kerensky 157: 128: 110:Rabočaja Marseĺeza 107:Рабочая Марсельеза 6080: 6079: 6073: 6072:(1922–1991) 6056: 6048: 6040: 6032: 6024: 6016: 6008: 6000: 5992: 5984: 5976: 5968: 5960: 5952: 5944: 5936: 5892: 5884: 5876: 5868: 5860: 5852: 5844: 5836: 5828: 5820: 5812: 5804: 5796: 5788: 5780: 5772: 5764: 5756: 5748: 5740: 5732: 5701: 5693: 5685: 5677: 5669: 5661: 5653: 5645: 5637: 5603: 5595: 5587: 5558: 5550: 5542: 5534: 5526: 5497: 5489: 5481: 5473: 5465: 5457: 5449: 5441: 5373: 5372: 5355:Polish–Soviet War 5308: 5307: 5242:Alexander Antonov 5237:Maria Spiridonova 5166:Felix Dzerzhinsky 5083:Alexander Kolchak 5060:Alexander Guchkov 4849: 4848: 4776:Polish–Soviet War 4759:Finnish Civil War 4732:Russian Civil War 4617:9.1 (2016): 9–38. 4427:Yandex Publishing 4023: 4012: 3644:Mikhail Rodzianko 3625: 3624: 3474:Mikhail Bernatsky 3357: 3356: 3238:Alexander Zarudny 2954: 2953: 2902:Nikolay Chkheidze 2898:Opposition leader 2802:14 September 1917 2764: 2763: 2710:Opposition leader 2555: 2554: 2298:Alexander Guchkov 2221: 2220: 2137: 2136: 2103:Russia portal 2031: 2030: 1725:Belavezha Accords 1707: 1706: 1618:Era of Stagnation 1584:Industrialization 1550: 1549: 1427:Soviet-Polish War 1363: 1362: 1344:Russian Manchuria 1290:Tsardom of Russia 1276:October Manifesto 1260:Decembrist Revolt 1252:Petrovian reforms 1220: 1219: 1180:Novgorod Republic 1144: 1143: 1060: 1059: 962:World recognition 802:Mikhail Rodzianko 627: 626: 577:Nikolay Chkheidze 573:Opposition leader 426: 425: 412: 411: 408: 407: 388: 387: 336:14 September 1917 223:Minister-Chairman 163:Governmental seal 153: 124: 16:(Redirected from 6145: 6138:Former countries 6071: 6054: 6046: 6038: 6030: 6022: 6014: 6006: 5998: 5990: 5982: 5974: 5966: 5958: 5950: 5942: 5934: 5925: 5917: 5910: 5904: 5890: 5882: 5874: 5866: 5858: 5850: 5842: 5834: 5826: 5818: 5810: 5802: 5794: 5786: 5778: 5770: 5762: 5754: 5746: 5738: 5730: 5721: 5713: 5699: 5691: 5683: 5675: 5667: 5659: 5651: 5643: 5635: 5626: 5615: 5601: 5593: 5585: 5576: 5570: 5556: 5548: 5540: 5532: 5524: 5515: 5509: 5495: 5487: 5479: 5471: 5463: 5455: 5447: 5439: 5430: 5419: 5406:Cabinets of the 5400: 5393: 5386: 5377: 5265:Maria Nikiforova 5161:Nikolai Bukharin 5131:Grigory Zinoviev 5098:Nikolai Yudenich 5020: 4881:Petrograd Soviet 4811:Tambov Rebellion 4806:Left SR uprising 4681: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4636: 4551: 4539: 4519: 4518: 4500: 4494: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4455: 4449: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4419: 4413: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4393: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4372: 4366: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4329: 4323: 4322: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4253:Faulkner, Neil. 4250: 4244: 4243: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4220: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4207: 4196: 4190: 4183: 4177: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4149: 4140: 4139: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4109: 4098: 4089: 4083: 4070: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4057: 4046: 4029: 4028: 4018: 4016: 4008: 4006: 3998: 3923:Pavel Dolgorukov 3915:Fyodor Kokoshkin 3826: 3819: 3818: 3812:Russian Republic 3715:Petrograd Soviet 3553:Minister of Food 3457:Minister of Navy 3373: 3294:Minister of Food 3253:Sergey Oldenburg 3210:Irakli Tsereteli 3152:Nikolai Nekrasov 3119: 3093:Smolny Institute 3085:Petrograd Soviet 2970:Petrograd Soviet 2964:agreed with the 2858:Progressive Bloc 2794: 2782:11th Cabinet of 2780: 2766: 2664:Progressive Bloc 2610:1 September 1917 2590: 2578:10th Cabinet of 2576: 2562: 2518:Irakli Tsereteli 2496:Minister of Food 2449:Andrei Shingarev 2413:Andrei Shingarev 2382:Pavel Pereverzev 2331:Nikolai Nekrasov 2231: 2217: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2200: 2196: 2194: 2193: 2180: 2176: 2174: 2173: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2139: 2129: 2122: 2115: 2101: 2100: 2099: 2087: 2025: 2024: 2011: 2010: 1987: 1966: 1945: 1924: 1903: 1883: 1873:Chechen Republic 1866: 1849: 1838: 1837: 1735:USSR dissolution 1651: 1650: 1580:Collectivization 1498:Byelorussian SSR 1455:Russian Republic 1451: 1450: 1286: 1285: 1248:Treaty of Nystad 1176: 1175: 1090: 1089: 1018: 1017: 1016: 994: 984: 966: 906:Tsar Nicholas II 898:Petrograd Soviet 886:Nikolai Golitsyn 882:Alexander Trepov 830:Mariinsky Palace 810:Petrograd Soviet 794:Nikolai Golitsyn 774:A. I. Shingariev 720:Russian Republic 677:Russian Republic 612:Nikolay Golitsyn 519:Progressive Bloc 456: 442: 428: 404: 403: 396:Russian Republic 392: 391: 379: 378: 372: 371: 356: 355: 332: 323: 304: 289: 256: 240: 174: 166: 154: 146: 139: 125: 117: 88: 74: 56: 48: 47: 37: 21: 6153: 6152: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6083: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6059: 5948:Chernomyrdin II 5923: 5921: 5912: 5908: 5895: 5848:Solomentsev III 5719: 5717: 5704: 5624: 5619: 5606: 5574: 5561: 5513: 5500: 5428: 5423: 5410: 5404: 5374: 5369: 5304: 5300:Peter Kropotkin 5246: 5208: 5175: 5151:Semyon Budyonny 5107: 5064: 5036: 5011: 4949: 4938:Tsentralna Rada 4845: 4720: 4701:Kornilov affair 4672: 4663: 4624: 4622:Primary sources 4548: 4531: 4528: 4526:Further reading 4523: 4522: 4515: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4491:Wayback Machine 4482: 4478: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4445: 4441: 4431: 4429: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4369: 4364: 4360: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4331: 4330: 4326: 4319: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4294: 4281: 4280: 4276: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4236: 4232: 4222: 4221: 4214: 4205: 4203: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4151: 4150: 4143: 4136: 4121: 4120: 4116: 4107: 4105: 4100: 4099: 4092: 4084: 4073: 4068: 4064: 4055: 4053: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4032: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3946: 3927:political trial 3874: 3868: 3860:Main articles: 3858: 3797:Kornilov affair 3766: 3764:Kornilov affair 3760: 3743: 3741:Democratization 3630: 3615:Nikolai Kishkin 3600:Anton Kartashev 3570:Nikolai Kishkin 3514:Sergei Salazkin 3445:Minister of War 3368: 3362: 3360:Third coalition 3344:Most Holy Synod 3340:Ober-Procurator 3283:Matvey Skobelev 3083:elements. The 3029: 3005: 2999: 2890: 2856: 2852: 2827: 2826:(conditionally) 2810:7 November 1917 2781: 2771: 2702: 2689: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2632: 2628: 2627:(conditionally) 2626: 2577: 2567: 2560: 2537:Most Holy Synod 2533:Ober-Procurator 2482:Matvey Skobelev 2226: 2208: 2206: 2205: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2171: 2169: 2168: 2152: 2150: 2133: 2097: 2095: 2090: 2089: 2085: 2078: 2066: 2054: 2041: 2033: 2032: 2014: 2013: 2012: 2000: 1999: 1985: 1964: 1943: 1922: 1901: 1881: 1864: 1847: 1836: 1831:2022 annexation 1815:Mass emigration 1803:2020 amendments 1786: 1744: 1730: 1717: 1716: 1708: 1649: 1635: 1613: 1560: 1559: 1551: 1449: 1432: 1395:Kornilov affair 1373: 1372: 1364: 1333:Congress Poland 1311:Russian America 1284: 1272:1905 Revolution 1239: 1230: 1229: 1221: 1190:Vladimir-Suzdal 1174: 1166:Mongol conquest 1154: 1153: 1145: 1088: 1083:Russkaya Pravda 1078:Baptism of Rus' 1070: 1069: 1061: 1026:pre-9th century 1004: 1002: 982: 975: 964: 870: 846:Russian Railway 762:A. I. Konovalov 738: 732: 648: 645:M. V. Rodzianko 638: 565: 552: 529: 525: 521: 495: 494:(conditionally) 489: 444:9th Cabinet of 443: 433: 401: 376: 333: 330: 321: 318: 316:Kornilov affair 308:8–16 March 1917 305: 300: 285: 258: 254: 242: 238: 175: 168: 164: 148: 140: 137: 136: 131: 120: 115: 113: 108: 105: 96: 95: 94: 89: 81: 80: 75: 57: 50: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6151: 6149: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6085: 6084: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6064: 6061: 6060: 6058: 6057: 6049: 6041: 6033: 6025: 6017: 6009: 6001: 5999:(Mar-May 2004) 5993: 5985: 5977: 5975:(May-Aug 1999) 5969: 5961: 5959:(Apr-Aug 1998) 5953: 5945: 5940:Chernomyrdin I 5937: 5932:Yeltsin–Gaidar 5928: 5926: 5897: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5891:(Jul-Nov 1991) 5885: 5877: 5869: 5861: 5853: 5845: 5840:Solomentsev II 5837: 5829: 5821: 5813: 5805: 5797: 5789: 5781: 5773: 5765: 5757: 5749: 5741: 5733: 5724: 5722: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5694: 5686: 5678: 5676:(Jul-Sep 1938) 5670: 5662: 5654: 5646: 5638: 5629: 5627: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5602:(Apr–Nov 1920) 5596: 5588: 5579: 5577: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5559: 5557:(Oct-Nov 1917) 5551: 5549:(Sep-Oct 1917) 5543: 5541:(Jul-Sep 1917) 5535: 5533:(Apr-Jul 1917) 5527: 5525:(Mar-Apr 1917) 5518: 5516: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5498: 5496:(Jan-Mar 1917) 5490: 5482: 5480:(Feb-Nov 1916) 5474: 5466: 5458: 5450: 5448:(May-Jul 1906) 5442: 5433: 5431: 5426:Russian Empire 5412: 5411: 5405: 5403: 5402: 5395: 5388: 5380: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5316: 5314: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5280:Semen Karetnyk 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5256: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5218: 5216: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5204:Boris Sokoloff 5201: 5199:Boris Savinkov 5196: 5191: 5189:Viktor Chernov 5185: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5156:Yakov Sverdlov 5153: 5148: 5143: 5141:Mikhail Frunze 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5121:Vladimir Lenin 5117: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5074: 5072: 5070:White movement 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5057: 5055:Pavel Milyukov 5052: 5046: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5035: 5034: 5028: 5026: 5017: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4998: 4997: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4980: 4970: 4965: 4959: 4957: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4946: 4945: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4909: 4908: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4871:White movement 4868: 4863: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4834:Central Powers 4831: 4825:Interventions 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4767: 4766: 4756: 4755: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4687: 4685: 4678: 4674: 4673: 4664: 4662: 4661: 4654: 4647: 4639: 4633: 4632: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4580: 4573: 4566: 4559: 4552: 4546: 4527: 4524: 4521: 4520: 4513: 4495: 4476: 4466:(4): 505–525, 4450: 4439: 4414: 4403: 4394: 4385: 4376: 4367: 4358: 4349: 4342: 4324: 4317: 4299: 4293:978-0198734826 4292: 4274: 4260: 4245: 4230: 4212: 4191: 4178: 4169: 4162: 4141: 4134: 4114: 4090: 4071: 4062: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4030: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3985: 3984: 3982:White movement 3979: 3974: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3957: 3955:Black Hundreds 3952: 3945: 3942: 3903:Little Council 3857: 3854: 3762:Main article: 3759: 3756: 3742: 3739: 3657:Prime Minister 3629: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3585:Alexey Nikitin 3582: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3563: 3562: 3559: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3529: 3524: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3476: 3471: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3446: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3434:Alexei Nikitin 3431: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3418: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3361: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3346: 3336: 3335: 3330: 3328:Alexey Nikitin 3325: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3268:Victor Chernov 3265: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3246: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3230: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3130: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3089:Tauride Palace 3081:Black Hundreds 3058:Liteyny Avenue 3040:Tauride palace 3028: 3025: 3003:June Offensive 3001:Main article: 2998: 2995: 2974:Pavel Milyukov 2952: 2951: 2949:Vladimir Lenin 2946: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2934: 2933: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2908: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2847: 2846:Member parties 2843: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2832: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2811: 2808: 2807:Date dissolved 2804: 2803: 2800: 2796: 2795: 2787: 2786: 2773: 2772: 2769: 2762: 2761: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2748: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2733: 2730: 2726: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2697: 2693: 2692: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2670: 2653: 2652:Member parties 2649: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2638: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2607:Date dissolved 2604: 2603: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2583: 2582: 2569: 2568: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2510: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2466: 2464:Victor Chernov 2460: 2459: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2397: 2393: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2323: 2320: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2269: 2267:Pavel Milyukov 2264: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2218: 2202: 2201: 2185: 2184: 2183:24 March 1917 2181: 2178:United Kingdom 2165: 2164: 2163:22 March 1917 2161: 2147: 2146: 2143: 2135: 2134: 2132: 2131: 2124: 2117: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2092: 2091: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2028: 2026: 1990: 1989: 1978: 1969: 1968: 1957: 1954:Kherson Oblast 1948: 1947: 1936: 1927: 1926: 1915: 1906: 1905: 1894: 1885: 1884: 1875: 1868: 1867: 1858: 1851: 1850: 1844: 1835: 1834: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1704: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1692: 1683: 1682: 1679: 1672: 1671: 1668: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1648: 1647: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1536: 1535: 1532: 1525: 1524: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1511: 1504: 1503: 1500: 1493: 1492: 1489: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1448: 1447: 1411:Bolshevik Coup 1367: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1355:Uryankhay Krai 1350: 1349: 1346: 1339: 1338: 1335: 1328: 1327: 1324: 1317: 1316: 1313: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1300:Russian Empire 1296: 1295: 1292: 1283: 1282: 1227:Tsarist Russia 1224: 1223: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1196: 1195: 1192: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1173: 1172: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1139: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1100: 1099: 1096: 1087: 1086: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1057: 1055: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1038: 1037: 1035: 1033:Rus' Khaganate 1028: 1027: 1024: 1003: 1000: 999: 996: 995: 987: 986: 977: 976: 969: 963: 960: 956: 955: 952: 949: 946: 939: 936: 933: 930: 902:Tauride Palace 874:Pavel Milyukov 869: 866: 858:Vladimir Lenin 766:A. A. Manuilov 758:N. V. Nekrasov 754:A. F. Kerensky 746:P. N. Milyukov 731: 728: 673:Russian Empire 655:A. F. Kerensky 625: 624: 619: 615: 614: 609: 605: 604: 599: 595: 594: 589: 585: 584: 580: 579: 574: 570: 569: 560: 556: 555: 548: 544: 543: 538: 534: 533: 516: 515:Member parties 512: 511: 506: 502: 501: 488:(unproclaimed) 483: 479: 478: 474: 473: 470: 469:Date dissolved 466: 465: 462: 458: 457: 449: 448: 435: 434: 431: 424: 423: 418: 414: 413: 410: 409: 406: 405: 398: 389: 386: 385: 383:Russian Empire 380: 368: 367: 362: 352: 351: 346: 342: 341: 338: 337: 334: 328: 325: 324: 319: 313: 310: 309: 306: 298: 295: 294: 291: 290: 283: 282:Historical era 279: 278: 273: 269: 268: 265: 264: 259: 252: 249: 248: 243: 236: 233: 232: 229: 228: 225: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 203: 197: 196: 191: 187: 186: 181: 177: 176: 169: 159: 158: 98: 97: 90: 83: 82: 76: 69: 68: 67: 64: 63: 59: 58: 43: 40: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6150: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6062: 6053: 6050: 6045: 6042: 6037: 6034: 6029: 6026: 6021: 6018: 6013: 6010: 6005: 6002: 5997: 5994: 5989: 5986: 5981: 5978: 5973: 5970: 5965: 5962: 5957: 5954: 5949: 5946: 5941: 5938: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5920: 5916: 5907: 5903: 5898: 5889: 5886: 5881: 5878: 5873: 5870: 5865: 5864:Vorotnikov II 5862: 5857: 5854: 5849: 5846: 5841: 5838: 5833: 5832:Solomentsev I 5830: 5825: 5822: 5817: 5814: 5809: 5806: 5801: 5798: 5793: 5790: 5785: 5782: 5777: 5774: 5769: 5766: 5761: 5758: 5753: 5752:Chernousov II 5750: 5745: 5742: 5737: 5734: 5729: 5726: 5725: 5723: 5716: 5712: 5707: 5698: 5695: 5690: 5687: 5682: 5679: 5674: 5671: 5666: 5663: 5658: 5655: 5650: 5647: 5642: 5639: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5614: 5609: 5600: 5597: 5592: 5589: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5578: 5573: 5569: 5564: 5555: 5552: 5547: 5544: 5539: 5536: 5531: 5528: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5508: 5503: 5494: 5491: 5486: 5483: 5478: 5475: 5470: 5467: 5462: 5459: 5454: 5451: 5446: 5443: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5401: 5396: 5394: 5389: 5387: 5382: 5381: 5378: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5313:International 5311: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5290:Viktor Bilash 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5260:Nestor Makhno 5258: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5232:Mark Natanson 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5222:Yakov Blumkin 5220: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5146:Joseph Stalin 5144: 5142: 5139: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5110: 5104: 5103:Lavr Kornilov 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5093:Pyotr Krasnov 5091: 5089: 5088:Anton Denikin 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5078:Pyotr Wrangel 5076: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5043: 5039: 5033: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4952: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4903: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4852: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4723: 4717: 4716:Junker mutiny 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4655: 4653: 4648: 4646: 4641: 4640: 4637: 4630: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4616: 4612: 4609: 4605: 4602: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4547:0-231-06108-0 4543: 4538: 4537: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4516: 4514:0-19-512179-1 4510: 4506: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4480: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4443: 4440: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4407: 4404: 4398: 4395: 4389: 4386: 4380: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4362: 4359: 4353: 4350: 4345: 4343:9781472824899 4339: 4335: 4328: 4325: 4320: 4318:0-224-04162-2 4314: 4310: 4303: 4300: 4295: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4275: 4271:. p. 86. 4270: 4264: 4261: 4257:. p. 86. 4256: 4249: 4246: 4241: 4234: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4201: 4195: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4179: 4173: 4170: 4165: 4163:0-19-512179-1 4159: 4155: 4148: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4135:0-527-49100-4 4131: 4127: 4126: 4118: 4115: 4103: 4097: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4072: 4066: 4063: 4051: 4045: 4042: 4035: 4027: 4021: 4011: 4002: 3997: 3994: 3987: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3951: 3948: 3947: 3943: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3892:Tsarskoe Selo 3889: 3885: 3884:Winter Palace 3880: 3873: 3867: 3863: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3837: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3813: 3808: 3806: 3805:Lavr Kornilov 3802: 3798: 3789: 3782: 3778: 3770: 3765: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3730: 3728: 3722: 3718: 3716: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3694: 3685: 3681: 3673: 3665: 3659:in March 1917 3658: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3634: 3627: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3580: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3542:Kuzma Gvozdev 3540: 3537: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3385: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3353: 3350: 3348:Vladimir Lvov 3347: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3195:Piotr Yurenev 3193: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3043: 3041: 3036: 3034: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2979:Lavr Kornilov 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2950: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2915: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2889: 2886: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2862: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2848: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2822: 2820:Head of state 2818: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2785: 2779: 2774: 2767: 2759: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2620:Head of state 2618: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2581: 2575: 2570: 2563: 2557: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2542:Vladimir Lvov 2540: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2410: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2325: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2223: 2216: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2187: 2186: 2179: 2167: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2159:United States 2149: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2130: 2125: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2111: 2110: 2108: 2107: 2104: 2094: 2093: 2088: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2037: 2036: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2018: 2009: 2005: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1992: 1991: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1914: 1913: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1886: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1852: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1799:War in Donbas 1796: 1792: 1788: 1782: 1781:Five-Days War 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1753:Privatization 1750: 1746: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1714:Modern Russia 1702: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1678: 1674: 1673: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1519:Russian State 1517: 1516: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1488: 1487:Ukrainian SSR 1484: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1458: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1437:War Communism 1434: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1386:Dvoyevlastiye 1382: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1330: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1307: 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I. Guchkov 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 742: 737: 729: 727: 725: 721: 717: 714:According to 712: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 687:, during the 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 666: 661: 656: 652: 651:V. V. Shulgin 646: 642: 636: 631: 623: 620: 616: 613: 610: 606: 603: 600: 596: 593: 590: 586: 581: 578: 575: 571: 568: 564: 561: 557: 554: 549: 545: 542: 539: 535: 532: 528: 524: 520: 517: 513: 510: 507: 503: 499: 496: 493: 487: 484: 482:Head of state 480: 475: 472:October 1917 471: 467: 464:2 March 1917 463: 459: 455: 450: 447: 441: 436: 429: 422: 419: 417:Today part of 415: 399: 397: 394: 393: 390: 384: 381: 374: 373: 370: 369: 366: 363: 361: 358: 357: 353: 350: 347: 343: 339: 335: 320: 317: 307: 303: 288: 284: 280: 277: 274: 270: 266: 263: 260: 247: 244: 226: 224: 217: 214: 210: 207: 204: 202: 198: 195: 192: 188: 185: 182: 178: 173: 167: 160: 144: 135: 134: 112: 111: 103: 99: 93: 87: 79: 73: 65: 60: 54: 38: 33: 19: 6055:(since 2024) 6052:Mishustin II 5924:(since 1993) 5856:Vorotnikov I 5800:Polyansky II 5744:Chernousov I 5622:Russian SFSR 5554:Kerensky III 5553: 5510: 5469:Goremykin II 5285:Fedir Shchus 5227:Boris Kamkov 5171:Alexei Rykov 5136:Leon Trotsky 5041: 4923:Green armies 4913:Black Guards 4865: 4628: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4593: 4583: 4576: 4569: 4562: 4555: 4535: 4504: 4498: 4479: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4442: 4430:. 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Retrieved 4044: 3996: 3935: 3931: 3911:Sofia Panina 3906: 3902: 3900: 3875: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3821: 3809: 3794: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3712: 3697: 3689: 3527:Semen Maslov 3369: 3313:Ivan Efremov 3115: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3051: 3044: 3037: 3030: 3021: 3017: 3010: 3006: 2991: 2987: 2958:April Crisis 2955: 2906:Leon Trotsky 2634: 2558:April Crisis 2227: 2021: 2015: 2007: 2001: 1996:full list... 1994: 1980: 1973: 1959: 1952: 1938: 1931: 1917: 1910: 1896: 1889: 1827:Mobilization 1819:Debt default 1761:Chechen wars 1712:since 1991: 1689:full list... 1687: 1666:Russian SFSR 1655:Soviet Union 1572:Korenization 1542:full list... 1540: 1476:Russian SFSR 1385: 1380: 1244:Zemsky Sobor 1212:full list... 1210: 1136:full list... 1134: 1081: 1067:Ancient Rus' 957: 920: 918: 871: 862:Leon Trotsky 834: 820:and then by 791: 713: 699:and then by 683:on 2 March, 664: 662: 660: 490: 365:Succeeded by 364: 359: 162: 142: 132: 109: 101: 92:Coat of arms 6047:(2020–2024) 6044:Mishustin I 6036:Medvedev II 5983:(1999–2000) 5824:Voronov III 5792:Polyansky I 5736:Rodionov II 5673:Bulganin II 5594:(1918–1920) 5546:Kerensky II 5445:Goremykin I 5295:Fanya Baron 5275:Lev Chernyi 5126:Lev Kamenev 5050:Georgy Lvov 5024:Monarchists 4432:8 September 3937:Riasanovsky 3921:and Prince 3850:Directorate 3801:coup d'état 3734:Georgy Lvov 3653:Georgy Lvov 3352:Progressist 2983:Georgy Lvov 2956:During the 2937:Predecessor 2799:Date formed 2751:Georgy Lvov 2747:Predecessor 2741:Kerensky II 2595:Date formed 2551:March 1917 2547:Progressist 2527:April 1917 2509:April 1917 2491:April 1917 2473:April 1917 2458:March 1917 2440:March 1917 2422:April 1917 2407:March 1917 2391:April 1917 2376:March 1917 2358:March 1917 2354:Progressist 2340:March 1917 2322:April 1917 2307:March 1917 2289:April 1917 2276:March 1917 2258:March 1917 2252:Georgy Lvov 1721:August Coup 1644:War of Laws 1626:Perestroika 1604:Warsaw Pact 1592:Great Purge 1555:1923–1991: 1419:White Guard 1399:Directorate 1368:1917–1923: 1225:1480–1917: 1151:Feudal Rus' 1149:1240–1480: 1022:Rus' people 1014:Early Slavs 981:History of 697:Georgy Lvov 647:(chairman); 608:Predecessor 509:Georgy Lvov 498:Georgy Lvov 461:Date formed 360:Preceded by 287:World War I 272:Legislature 246:Georgy Lvov 6087:Categories 6067:See also: 6028:Medvedev I 6004:Fradkov II 5919:Government 5888:Silayev II 5816:Voronov II 5768:Puzanov II 5728:Rodionov I 5681:Vakhrushev 5665:Bulganin I 5599:Krivoshein 5586:(Nov 1918) 5583:Vologodsky 5538:Kerensky I 5252:Anarchists 5113:Bolsheviks 4983:Mensheviks 4978:Bolsheviks 4928:Red Guards 4771:Heimosodat 4684:Revolution 4206:2007-12-12 4185:M. Lynch, 4108:2007-12-13 4056:2007-12-12 4036:References 3561:Non-party 3518:Non-party 3505:Non-party 3425:Non-party 3364:See also: 3229:Non-party 3171:Non-party 2962:Ivan Ilyin 2921:Kerensky I 2888:Bolsheviks 2854:Mensheviks 2831:(de facto) 2700:Bolsheviks 2660:Mensheviks 1787:amendments 1699:Tannu Tuva 1622:Afghan War 1557:Soviet Era 1065:879–1240: 1006:Prehistory 894:State Duma 814:Bolsheviks 806:State Duma 750:G. E. Lvov 705:Bolsheviks 649:Standing: 641:V. N. Lvov 602:Kerensky I 563:Bolsheviks 527:Mensheviks 500:(de facto) 492:Michael II 212:Government 201:Demonym(s) 143:unofficial 6039:(2018–20) 6031:(2012–18) 6023:(2008–12) 6015:(2007–08) 6007:(2004–07) 5996:Fradkov I 5991:(2000–04) 5972:Stepashin 5967:(1998–99) 5956:Kiriyenko 5951:(1996–98) 5943:(1992–96) 5935:(1991–92) 5909:(1991–93) 5883:(1990–91) 5880:Silayev I 5875:(1988–90) 5867:(1985–88) 5859:(1983–85) 5851:(1980–83) 5843:(1975–80) 5835:(1971–75) 5827:(1967–71) 5819:(1963–67) 5811:(1962–63) 5808:Voronov I 5803:(1959–62) 5795:(1958–59) 5787:(1957–58) 5779:(1956–57) 5771:(1955–56) 5763:(1952–55) 5760:Puzanov I 5755:(1951–52) 5747:(1949–51) 5739:(1947–49) 5731:(1946–47) 5720:(1946–91) 5700:(1943–46) 5692:(1940–43) 5684:(1939–40) 5668:(1937–38) 5660:(1930–37) 5652:(1929–30) 5644:(1924–29) 5636:(1917–24) 5625:(1917–46) 5575:(1918–20) 5488:(1916–17) 5472:(1914–16) 5464:(1911–14) 5461:Kokovtsov 5456:(1906–11) 5440:(1905–06) 5429:(1905–17) 5181:Right SRs 4906:elections 4725:Civil War 4696:July Days 4670:Civil War 4020:romanized 3879:Red Guard 3781:Milrevcom 3704:Bolshevik 3700:Menshevik 3590:Menshevik 3547:Menshevik 3491:Menshevik 3439:Menshevik 3333:Menshevik 3288:Menshevik 3215:Menshevik 3091:into the 3047:Petrograd 2945:Successor 2868:Coalition 2757:Successor 2714:Chkheidze 2678:Coalition 2600:July Days 2523:Menshevik 2487:Menshevik 2404:Non-Party 2303:Octobrist 2286:Non-Party 2080:1982–1991 2076:1964–1982 2072:1953–1964 2068:1927–1953 2064:1917–1927 2060:1894–1917 2056:1855–1894 2052:1796–1855 2048:1721–1796 1823:Sanctions 1773:Oligarchy 1703:1921–1944 1681:1940–1956 1670:1922–1991 1659:1922–1991 1576:Stalinism 1534:1921–1923 1523:1918–1920 1513:1922–1922 1502:1920–1922 1491:1919–1922 1480:1917–1922 1470:1917–1918 1459:1917–1918 1445:Emigrants 1431:Priamurye 1415:Civil War 1391:July Days 1359:1914–1921 1348:1900–1905 1337:1867–1915 1326:1809–1917 1315:1799–1867 1304:1721–1917 1294:1547–1721 1204:1263–1547 1194:1157–1331 1184:1136–1478 1128:1093–1157 1053:Garðaríki 1010:Antiquity 943:militsiya 868:Formation 838:Communist 618:Successor 541:Coalition 486:Alexis II 184:Petrograd 6020:Putin II 5988:Kasyanov 5964:Primakov 5689:Khokhlov 5493:Golitsyn 5453:Stolypin 5214:Left SRs 4995:Left SRs 4891:Red Army 4839:Siberian 4487:Archived 3944:See also 2635:de facto 2044:860–1721 2040:Timeline 1777:Putinism 1731:Protocol 1729:Alma-Ata 1634:Karabakh 1614:transfer 1600:Cold War 1423:Red Army 1407:election 1240:Troubles 1118:988–1402 1108:987–1397 1098:882–1136 1043:Arthania 972:a series 970:Part of 922:Izvestia 896:and the 730:Overview 639:Seated: 592:Golitsyn 345:Currency 5980:Putin I 5697:Kosygin 5657:Sulimov 5649:Syrtsov 5620:of the 5530:Lvov II 5477:Stürmer 5424:of the 5016:Figures 4955:Parties 4022:: 4001:Russian 3896:Pulkovo 3686:in 1917 3342:of the 2960:(1917) 2912:History 2724:History 2718:Trotsky 2535:of the 2142:Country 2086:present 1986:present 1965:present 1944:present 1923:present 1902:present 1882:present 1865:present 1848:present 1811:Prelude 1608:Comecon 1238:Time of 1001:Periods 854:soviets 788:, 1918. 724:Zarudny 671:of the 583:History 329:• 314:• 299:• 255:Jul-Sep 253:• 239:Mar-Jul 237:• 206:Russian 194:Russian 180:Capital 102:Anthem: 53:Russian 6012:Zubkov 5872:Vlasov 5784:Kozlov 5776:Yasnov 5522:Lvov I 5514:(1917) 5485:Trepov 4963:Kadets 4854:Groups 4829:Allied 4677:Events 4588:online 4544: 4511: 4340: 4315: 4290: 4160: 4132: 3411:Kadets 3382:Party 3128:Party 3054:Kadets 2784:Russia 2580:Russia 2240:Party 2212: 2198:France 2195: 2175: 2156: 1745:abroad 1612:Crimea 983:Russia 974:on the 667:was a 446:Russia 421:Russia 227: 104: 49: 5641:Rykov 5633:Lenin 5437:Witte 4968:Nabat 3988:Notes 3888:Pskov 3620:Kadet 3605:Kadet 3575:Kadet 3379:Name 3376:Post 3258:Kadet 3200:Kadet 3157:Kadet 3125:Name 3122:Post 3033:Kadet 2966:Kadet 2931:Lenin 2454:Kadet 2436:Kadet 2418:Kadet 2336:Kadet 2272:Kadet 2237:Name 2234:Post 2215:Italy 2145:Date 2084:1991– 2020: 2006: 1846:1991– 1588:GULAG 1433:Govt. 1074:Rurik 349:Ruble 257:1917 241:1917 5911:and 4668:and 4542:ISBN 4509:ISBN 4434:2017 4338:ISBN 4313:ISBN 4288:ISBN 4269:Ibid 4158:ISBN 4130:ISBN 3905:(or 3864:and 3846:Duma 2732:Lvov 1982:2022 1961:2022 1940:2022 1919:2022 1898:2014 1878:2000 1861:1994 1771:) • 1757:CSTO 1747:" • 1743:Near 1441:USSR 1409:) • 884:and 860:and 685:O.S. 675:and 663:The 78:Flag 62:1917 4468:doi 3655:as 1769:2nd 1765:1st 1741:• " 1739:CIS 1636:War 1564:NEP 6089:: 4464:60 4462:, 4425:. 4215:^ 4144:^ 4093:^ 4074:^ 4017:, 4013:: 4007:, 4003:: 3929:. 3917:, 3852:. 3820:, 3465:– 3095:. 2904:/ 2082:• 2074:• 2070:• 2062:• 2058:• 2050:• 2046:• 2017:^B 2003:^A 1829:• 1825:• 1821:• 1817:• 1813:• 1805:• 1801:• 1797:• 1793:• 1789:• 1783:• 1779:• 1775:• 1767:• 1759:• 1755:• 1751:• 1737:• 1733:• 1727:• 1723:• 1638:• 1632:• 1628:• 1624:• 1620:• 1616:• 1610:• 1606:• 1602:• 1598:• 1594:• 1590:• 1586:• 1582:• 1578:• 1574:• 1570:• 1566:• 1443:• 1439:• 1435:• 1429:• 1425:• 1421:• 1417:• 1413:• 1401:• 1397:• 1393:• 1389:• 1383:• 1379:• 1278:• 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Knowledge (XXG)

Russian Provisional Government

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