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need only submit to the constitution and the federal law. Additionally, Article 123 provides for open and fair trials, as well as equal application of the law. Three courts are delineated: Constitution Court of the
Russian Federation, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, and the Higher Arbitration Court; each court is "appointed by the Council of the Federation upon the proposals by the President." The Constitution requires 19 judges for the Constitution Court, but does not specify the number of justices for the other courts. As of 2002, the Supreme Court has 115 members; due to the expansion of duties in 2014, the number of seats was increased to 170. In September 2014, the Institute of Modern Russia reported that the Russian Federation's Supreme Arbitration Court had been dissolved and that judicial matters previously under its authority had been transferred to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
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responsibility for passing federal laws. Although a bill may originate in either legislative chamber (or be submitted by the
President, government, local legislatures, Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, or High Arbitration Court), it must be first considered by the State Duma and be adopted by a majority vote before being turned over to the Federation Council, which has 14 days to take a vote on it. If the bill is adopted by the Federation Council, it must be signed by the President to become law. If rejected by the Federation Council, the bill will be returned to the State Duma, which can then override the council's rejection by passing it again with a two-thirds vote in the same form. The President has a final veto, but the State Duma and Federation Council also have an overriding power by passing with a two-thirds vote.
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of the
Constitution of the Russian Federation in accordance with the decision of the subject of the Russian Federation. An update regarding changes in the subject composition of the Russian Federation is carried out in accordance with the federal constitutional law on the admission to the Russian Federation and the formation of a new constituent entity of the Russian Federation, on changes in the constitutional and legal status of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which should contain an indication of the inclusion of relevant changes or additions to Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia.
1314:
418:
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peoples, revering the memory of ancestors who have conveyed to us the love for the
Fatherland, belief in the good and justice, reviving the sovereign statehood of Russia and asserting the firmness of its democratic basic, striving to ensure the well-being and prosperity of Russia, proceeding from the responsibility for our Fatherland before the present and future generations, recognizing ourselves as part of the world community, adopt the Constitution of Russian Federation.
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constitutional law, but then also requires ratification by the legislative bodies of the constituent entities of the
Federation. Moreover, one law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution covers interrelated changes to the constitutional text; the law itself receives a name reflecting the essence of this amendment.
1502:
international organizations, treaties, and assets of the USSR stipulated by international treaties outside the territory
Russian Federation, banning ceding Russian territory, diminishing the accomplishments by the "defenders of the fatherland" and their role in World War II is no longer allowed, and enshrining God and
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While the
Russian Federation Constitution enumerates a strong and independent judicial branch, the reality is a question of debate. The constitution provides for judicial immunity, lifetime appointments/"irremovable" justices, the supremacy of the courts to administer justice, and affirms that judges
1161:
We, the multinational people of the
Russian Federation, united by a common fate on our land, establishing human rights and freedoms, civic peace and accord, preserving the historically established state unity, proceeding from the universally recognized principles of equality and self-determination of
1396:
Article 135 covers updating the provisions of chapters 1, 2, and 9 of the
Constitution of Russia. An update to any of these chapters is considered a revision of the Constitution's fundamental provisions, which is possible only through the adoption of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation by
1388:
Article 137 covers updating the provisions of
Article 65 of the Constitution of Russia. An update regarding the change of the name of the subject of the Russian Federation is carried out by a decree of the President of Russia on bringing the name of the subject of the Russian Federation in the text
1605:
On December 10, 2018, a commemorative coin made of copper-nickel alloy with a nominal value of 25 rubles "The 25th anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation" was issued. On the reverse of the coin there is a relief image of an open book with a drawing of the coat of
1384:
The procedure for amending the Constitution is outlined in Chapter Nine. Proposals on amendments to and revision of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation may be submitted by the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of Federation, the State Duma, the Government of
1341:
served as president for four years. Putin was re-elected to his third term in 2012; with the six-year term, he was elected to his fourth term in 2018. Article 81 specifies the method of election, including a secret ballot; Articles 82–93 detail powers, responsibilities, and limitations of the
1501:
The amendments of 2020 remove the "in a row" clause from the article regulating the maximum number of presidential terms, discounting previous presidential terms before the amendment enters into force. Other changes are recognition of Russia as a successor to the Soviet Union in relation to
1392:
Article 136 covers updating the provisions of chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the Constitution of Russia. An update is carried out in the form of a special act: a law of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution, which is adopted by the parliament similarly to the federal
1360:
The legislature is the Federal Assembly of Russia, which consists of two chambers: the State Duma (the lower house) and the Federation Council (the upper house). The two chambers possess different powers and responsibilities: the State Duma is of more significance, as it carries the main
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as well as to their listing in the Constitution. (It affirms that the listing in the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the fundamental rights and freedoms shall not be interpreted as a rejection and derogation of other universally recognised human rights and freedoms.)
1606:
arms of the Russian Federation on the left page and the inscription "КОНСТИТУЦИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ" on the right page. The commemorative coin was issued in a circulation of 1,000,000 and is a legal means of cash payment in the territory of the Russian Federation.
1137:
1152:
The constitution is divided into two sections. Overall it creates a system of crown-presidentialism (see Partlett 2022 for details), which affords vast power to the office of the president to dominate executive, legislative, and judicial power.
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the Russian Federation, legislative (representative) bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and by groups consisting of not less than one fifth of the members of the Council of Federation or of the deputies of the State Duma.
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1342:
presidency. The constitution provides for a "strong presidency"; not only is the president the "Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", the president also has the power to dissolve the
1328:
The Constitution of the Russian Federation specifies that the President is the Russian head of state, setting domestic and foreign policy and representing Russia both within the country and internationally . While the
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The amendments of 2008, which were proposed in November 2008 and came into force on 31 December 2008, are the first substantial amendments to the Constitution of Russia of 1993 and extended the terms of the
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stated that Russia will "continue consultations with the residents" as to the oblast borders, and that the people’s republics are annexed "in the 2014 borders", but high-level Russian collaborator
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stipulated a four-year term and a maximum of two terms in succession, the current constitution decrees a six-year term. The four-year term was in effect while
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1564:. As of December 2022, none of these territories is fully controlled by Russian forces, and Russian law does not define their borders: Kremlin spokesperson
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Putin signed an executive order on 3 July 2020 to officially insert the amendments into the Russian Constitution; they took effect on 4 July 2020.
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served his first and second terms; with the two-term limit, he was barred from the presidency in 2008. Instead, he served as Prime Minister while
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32:
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Partlett, William. The Dangers of Popular Constitution-Making, Brooklyn Journal of International Law, Volume 38, 193-238 (2012). Available at
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into the Russian Federation and the Formation of New Subjects within the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the Federal City of
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779:
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A special copy of the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, on which the President of the Russian Federation takes the oath
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1290:, the Constitution provides for human rights and freedoms of citizens according to the universally recognised principles and norms of
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2315:
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39:
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245:
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has direct effect (the provisions of the constitution must be implemented regardless of whether other acts contradict them)
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in the constitution. Other amendments would enshrine the role of the Russian language as that of "state forming people", a
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defines the state system, basic rights and freedoms, the form of the state and the system of supreme state authorities
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963:
753:
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1070:'s constitution came into force on 25 December 1993, at the moment of its official publication, and abolished the
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2005:
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857:
642:
249:
2255:
Partlett, William. Crown-Presidentialism. International Journal of Constitutional Law (2022). Available at
1812:
William Partlett, Crown-Presidentialism (2022) International Journal of Constitutional Law. Available at:
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from four to six and five years, respectively. Earlier only minor adjustments concerning the naming of the
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93:
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2114:"Песков: Россия продолжит советоваться с населением Херсонской и Запорожской областей по вопросу границ"
1733:
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1503:
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On improving the regulation of certain issues of the organization and functioning of public authority
1308:
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1136:(which had already been amended in April 1992 to reflect the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the
953:
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537:
229:
220:
3673:
4684:
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4309:
4213:
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3852:
3817:
3759:
3604:
3466:
3262:
2356:
1945:
1561:
1417:
1370:
1304:
1114:
705:
670:
630:
473:
241:
196:
189:
3317:
1788:
4612:
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4567:
4552:
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4249:
4193:
4133:
4123:
3982:
3805:
3791:
3786:
3732:
3668:
3478:
2037:
1888:"Chapter 4. The President of the Russian Federation – The Constitution of the Russian Federation"
968:
617:
555:
513:
466:
448:
408:
4730:
4482:
4450:
4445:
4430:
4405:
4254:
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3616:
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3483:
3449:
3427:
3372:
2374:
2232:
2226:
2211:
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1928:
1713:
1621:
1330:
1291:
1110:
1074:. The current Constitution is the second most long-lived in the history of Russia, behind the
695:
525:
277:
267:
174:
2269:
4679:
4617:
4572:
4515:
4420:
4339:
4304:
4113:
3764:
3663:
3471:
2010:
1260:
1249:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1194:
1183:
1172:
1053:
882:
809:
1060:) was adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993. The last reform was in 2020, see
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4602:
4542:
4532:
4520:
4465:
4284:
3678:
3653:
3432:
1593:
is characterized by stability due to a special, complicated order of acceptance and change
1338:
1317:
1106:
1102:
1098:
2257:
https://academic.oup.com/icon/advance-article/doi/10.1093/icon/moac006/6569412?login=true
1814:
https://academic.oup.com/icon/advance-article/doi/10.1093/icon/moac006/6569412?login=true
65:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
4637:
4510:
3771:
3737:
3461:
3414:
2270:
Text of the Russian constitution translated in English, does not include 2020 amendment
1553:
1334:
1321:
1109:
are considered as the primary co-authors of the constitution. The text was inspired by
1086:
605:
478:
339:
297:
141:
1440:
4759:
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4649:
4158:
3897:
3488:
3311:
1565:
999:
784:
184:
2085:
17:
4525:
3510:
3500:
2549:
2361:
2338:
1961:
1569:
1133:
1125:
131:
2289:, with the Russian text and unofficial translations to English, German, and French
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3404:
3321:
2286:
2024:
1910:
1887:
852:
292:
2283:– archived from an official website of the Government of the Russian Federation
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1421:
1343:
595:
396:
257:
212:
156:
151:
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236:
2518:
2307:
162:
2927:
1911:"Chapter 7. Judicial Power – The Constitution of the Russian Federation"
3754:
1825:
2275:
3363:
2553:
2342:
2292:
2173:
2061:
Putin proposes to enshrine God, heterosexual marriage in constitution
1067:
731:
343:
124:
2246:
1428:
or their merging were made, which require a much simpler procedure.
1121:-funded lawyers also contributed to the development of the draft.
3332:
1525:% of voters voting in favor of the amendments with a turnout of 65
1312:
1080:
872:
27:
Principles, institutions and law of political governance in Russia
3872:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2297:
2025:"Подписаны законы о принятии Крыма и Севастополя в состав России"
3336:
2931:
2522:
2311:
2143:
1988:"Vladimir Putin could reclaim Russian presidency within months"
2049:
Putin Adds New Changes to Constitution, Wooing Traditionalists
1435:
887:
45:
1324:
with his right hand resting on the Constitution, 7 May 2008.
2207:
Prospects for Constitutionalism in Post-Communist Countries
1475:
On 21 March 2014, Federal Constitutional Law No. 6 «On the
1548:, the text of the constitution was updated to include the
1259:
Constitutional Amendments and Review of the Constitution (
1643:
Act on the establishment of the All-Russian supreme power
1451:
2302:
2281:
Text of the Russian constitution translated in English
1857:
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
4481:
4236:
4060:
3804:
3603:
3538:
3380:
3371:
3261:
3221:
2963:
2909:
2861:
2823:
2560:
2466:
2414:
2388:
2349:
1633:
Decree on the system of government of Russia (1918)
381:
371:
357:
349:
335:
327:
313:
303:
291:
286:
276:
266:
256:
235:
219:
195:
183:
173:
168:
150:
140:
130:
120:
108:
103:
86:
1785:United States Agency for International Development
1576:Differences between the Constitution and the laws
1544:" with Russian occupation authorities during the
1265:Конституционные поправки и пересмотр Конституции
2090:[Constitution of Russia (Article 65)].
2006:Putin's return? Russian parliament may allow it
1171:The Fundamentals of the Constitutional System (
1097:, which was attended by over 800 participants.
1808:
1806:
3348:
2943:
2534:
2406:Act on the establishment of the supreme power
2323:
1699:2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia
1694:2008 amendments to the Constitution of Russia
1497:2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia
1411:2008 amendments to the Constitution of Russia
1062:2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia
1029:
112:
8:
1929:"Russian Constitution Section One Chapter 7"
1870:"The Constitution of the Russian Federation"
1134:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
2276:Text of the Russian constitution in Russian
2174:"Выпускается памятная монета | Банк России"
4242:
4066:
3810:
3609:
3377:
3355:
3341:
3333:
2950:
2936:
2928:
2541:
2527:
2519:
2330:
2316:
2308:
2303:Information about the Russian Constitution
2298:Information about the Russian Constitution
1226:The Government of the Russian Federation (
1113:'s constitutional project and the current
1036:
1022:
403:
92:
1596:is the basis for the current legislation.
1572:stated that "there are no 2014 borders".
1204:The President of the Russian Federation (
1960:Mishina, Ekaterina (30 September 2014).
1955:
1953:
1182:Rights and Freedoms of Man and Citizen (
4008:Collective Security Treaty Organization
1905:
1903:
1901:
1751:
406:
33:Constitution of Russia (disambiguation)
2293:Amendments to the Russian Constitution
2228:A Guide to the Economies in Transition
1277:Concluding and Transitional Provisions
1050:Constitution of the Russian Federation
87:Constitution of the Russian Federation
83:
3566:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
2180:from the original on 20 December 2018
1986:Blomfield, Adrian (6 November 2008).
1760:Sergey Shakhray - The Voice of Russia
1673:1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union
1661:1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union
1649:1924 Constitution of the Soviet Union
1188:Права и свободы человека и гражданина
1138:sovereignty of the Russian Federation
7:
4705:Unified Sports Classification System
1510:and giving statutory backing to the
2154:from the original on 3 October 2022
2124:from the original on 3 October 2022
1787:. 18 September 2012. Archived from
1058:Конститу́ция Росси́йской Федера́ции
4003:Commonwealth of Independent States
2401:Soviet Russia Constitution of 1918
2396:Decree on the system of government
1826:"Конституция Российской Федерации"
1638:Soviet Russia Constitution of 1918
1529:%, according to official results.
1232:Правительство Российской Федерации
1142:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
25:
2247:https://ssrn.com/abstract=1924958
2074:Putin signing amendments into law
1946:Judiciary_of_Russia#Supreme_Court
4786:History of Russia (1991–present)
3316:
3307:
3306:
1704:Constitution of the Soviet Union
1439:
993:
416:
387:
114:Конституция Российской Федерации
50:
40:Constitution of the Soviet Union
1517:From 25 June to 1 July 2020, a
1508:constitutional reference to God
1399:Russian Constitutional Assembly
1286:Especially on human rights and
838:United Nations Security Council
4791:December 1993 events in Russia
3274:British Indian Ocean Territory
2380:Fundamental Laws of the Empire
1237:Judicial Power and Procuracy (
1210:Президент Российской Федерации
1095:1993 Constitutional Conference
1:
3913:Political abuse of psychiatry
1729:Law of the Russian Federation
1243:Судебная власть и прокуратура
1177:Основы конституционного строя
1130:Constitution of 12 April 1978
979:Political abuse of psychiatry
833:Russia and the United Nations
4558:Traditions and superstitions
2451:Russian Constitution of 1978
2439:Russian Constitution of 1937
2427:Russian Constitution of 1925
2370:Loris-Melikov's constitution
2210:. Kluwer Law International.
1933:www.departments.bucknell.edu
1678:Russian Constitution of 1978
1666:Russian Constitution of 1937
1654:Russian Constitution of 1925
1628:Russian Constitution of 1906
1580:The Constitution of Russia:
1093:The text was drafted by the
4224:Water supply and sanitation
1587:has the highest legal force
1072:Soviet system of government
774:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
678:Central Election Commission
491:Presidential Administration
319:4 (plus 11 alternations on
4807:
2272:, on Constituteproject.org
1975:The Constitution of Russia
1724:Institute of State and Law
1494:
1408:
1368:
1356:Federal Assembly of Russia
1353:
1302:
29:
4724:
4245:
4069:
3813:
3612:
3302:
2446:USSR Constitution of 1977
2434:USSR Constitution of 1936
2422:USSR Constitution of 1924
1558:Luhansk People’s Republic
1550:Donetsk People’s Republic
1380:Amending the Constitution
1264:
1253:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1209:
1198:
1187:
1176:
1124:It replaced the previous
1057:
744:Heads of federal subjects
386:
376:Constitution of the RSFSR
362:Constitutional referendum
113:
91:
59:This article needs to be
3998:Prime Minister of Russia
3023:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
2287:The Russian Constitution
2086:
1709:Constitutional economics
1546:2022 invasion of Ukraine
1432:February 2014 amendments
949:Administrative divisions
38:Not to be confused with
4766:Constitutions of Russia
4436:Social entrepreneurship
4325:Forced public apologies
4260:Anti-American sentiment
3284:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2204:Gönenç, Levent (2002).
2051:Bloomberg, 2 March 2020
1320:takes the presidential
1248:Local Self-Government (
1199:Федеративное устройство
1193:The Federal Structure (
696:Gubernatorial elections
353:Constitutional Assembly
4184:Social security system
4167:Science and technology
3833:Classified information
3659:Central Russian Upland
2603:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2225:Jeffries, Ian (1996).
1739:Human rights in Russia
1542:treaties of annexation
1540:After the signing of "
1448:This section is empty.
1325:
1254:Местное самоуправление
1215:The Federal Assembly (
1090:
793:Diplomatic missions of
686:Presidential elections
393:Constitution of Russia
4645:Russian tsars regalia
3978:Intelligence agencies
3701:Great Russian Regions
3445:Expansion (1500-1800)
2958:Constitutions of Asia
2479:Constitutional crisis
1734:Term limits in Russia
1719:Impeachment in Russia
1504:heterosexual marriage
1331:original constitution
1316:
1084:
691:Legislative elections
444:Russian Criminal Code
4781:Government of Russia
4712:World Heritage sites
4089:Droughts and famines
3642:Environmental issues
3390:Proto-Indo-Europeans
3198:United Arab Emirates
2484:Constitution of 1993
2474:Treaty of Federation
1615:Former constitutions
1471:July 2014 amendments
1401:or by popular vote.
1309:Government of Russia
1288:fundamental freedoms
1221:Федеральное Собрание
1076:Constitution of 1936
749:Regional parliaments
638:Constitutional Court
587:Valentina Matviyenko
350:Commissioned by
246:Constitutional Court
169:Government structure
31:For other uses, see
18:Russian constitution
4563:Forms of addressing
4172:Academy of Sciences
4129:Financial districts
3993:President of Russia
3918:Political divisions
3878:Freedom of assembly
3760:West Siberian Plain
3506:Great Patriotic War
3467:February Revolution
3225:limited recognition
2824:States with limited
2092:President of Russia
1992:The Daily Telegraph
1915:www.constitution.ru
1892:www.constitution.ru
1791:on 11 November 2020
1562:Zaporizhzhia Oblast
1521:took place, with 78
1418:President of Russia
1371:Judiciary of Russia
1305:President of Russia
1115:French constitution
714:Electoral geography
142:Date effective
4613:Russian given name
4199:Telecommunications
4149:Petroleum industry
4013:State of emergency
3858:Far-right politics
3823:Capital punishment
3669:Meshchera Lowlands
3523:Russian Federation
3479:October Revolution
2120:. 3 October 2022.
2087:Конституция России
2014:, 6 November 2008.
1962:"Who Shall Judge?"
1481:Republic of Crimea
1350:Legislative branch
1326:
1091:
701:Regional elections
648:Prosecutor General
618:Vyacheslav Volodin
570:Federation Council
409:Politics of Russia
366:citizens of Russia
209:Federation Council
125:Russian Federation
4753:
4752:
4720:
4719:
4300:Domestic violence
4232:
4231:
4154:Russian oligarchs
4079:Aircraft industry
4056:
4055:
4033:Mass surveillance
4023:Search and rescue
3988:Political parties
3868:Foreign relations
3800:
3799:
3599:
3598:
3591:Historical cities
3450:Tsardom of Russia
3330:
3329:
3267:other territories
2925:
2924:
2516:
2515:
2375:October Manifesto
2118:Российская газета
2063:AFP, 2 March 2020
1777:"USAID In Russia"
1714:Constitutionalism
1622:October Manifesto
1468:
1467:
1292:international law
1140:), following the
1111:Mikhail Speransky
1046:
1045:
1000:Russia portal
815:Visa requirements
767:Foreign relations
719:Political parties
526:Mikhail Mishustin
454:Mental Health Law
402:
401:
293:First legislature
268:Electoral college
160:semi-presidential
80:
79:
16:(Redirected from
4798:
4733:
4680:Russian language
4623:National symbols
4243:
4162:
4119:Fishing industry
4109:Economic regions
4104:Defence industry
4067:
3811:
3765:Russian Far East
3664:Northwest Russia
3622:Cities and towns
3610:
3472:Russian Republic
3378:
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3279:Christmas Island
2965:Sovereign states
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2027:. 21 March 2014.
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2011:Associated Press
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1426:federal subjects
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964:Accounts Chamber
754:Local government
739:Federal subjects
562:Federal Assembly
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321:Federal subjects
298:12 December 1993
205:Federal Assembly
146:25 December 1993
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4655:Personification
4608:Names of Russia
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4052:
3903:Law enforcement
3796:
3782:Protected areas
3679:Smolensk Upland
3674:Oka–Don Lowland
3654:European Russia
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2735:North Macedonia
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2496:2008 amendments
2467:Post-Soviet era
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1487:» was adopted.
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1318:Dmitry Medvedev
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4189:Space industry
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4028:Urban planning
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3863:Federal budget
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3772:North Caucasus
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3706:Highest points
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3649:Extreme points
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226:Prime Minister
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109:Original title
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4695:Seven Wonders
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4660:Playing cards
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4355:Mental health
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4018:Civil defense
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3989:
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3963:Media freedom
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3848:Criminal code
3846:
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3831:
3829:
3828:Civil Service
3826:
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3489:Russian state
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3248:South Ossetia
3246:
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2876:Faroe Islands
2874:
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2848:South Ossetia
2846:
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2695:Liechtenstein
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2550:Constitutions
2544:
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2339:Constitutions
2333:
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2248:
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2240:
2238:0-415-13684-9
2234:
2231:. Routledge.
2230:
2229:
2223:
2219:
2217:90-411-1836-5
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2209:
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2196:
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2031:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2004:David Nowak.
2001:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1942:
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1847:Article 55. 1
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1566:Dmitry Peskov
1563:
1559:
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1512:State Council
1509:
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1007:
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977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
959:Civic Chamber
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
940:
939:
932:
931:Arctic policy
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:United States
894:
893:
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884:
881:
879:
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869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
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821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
798:
794:
791:
790:
786:
785:Sergey Lavrov
782:
781:
777:
775:
772:
771:
768:
763:
762:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
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712:
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702:
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684:
683:
679:
676:
675:
672:
667:
666:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
643:Supreme Court
641:
639:
636:
635:
632:
627:
626:
619:
615:
614:
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607:
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588:
584:
583:
579:
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572:
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567:
566:
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557:
552:
551:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:
515:
510:
509:
502:
501:State Council
499:
497:
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489:
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484:
480:
476:
475:
468:
463:
462:
455:
452:
450:
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428:
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405:
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318:
316:
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309:
308:9 August 1996
306:
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296:
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285:
281:
279:
278:Entrenchments
275:
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269:
265:
261:
259:
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250:Supreme Court
247:
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185:Head of state
182:
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111:
107:
102:
95:
90:
85:
82:
74:
62:
57:
48:
47:
41:
34:
19:
4633:Coat of arms
4593:Martial arts
4501:Army culture
4491:Architecture
4461:Witch trials
4416:Prostitution
4362:Human rights
4295:Demographics
4209:Trade unions
4179:Shipbuilding
4139:Homelessness
4099:Central Bank
4094:Car industry
3933:Conservatism
3843:Constitution
3842:
3838:Conscription
3511:Eastern Bloc
3501:Soviet Union
3494:Russian SFSR
3424:Feudal Rus'
3263:Dependencies
3193:Turkmenistan
3158:Saudi Arabia
3152:
2853:Transnistria
2815:Vatican City
2759:
2483:
2363:
2350:Imperial era
2227:
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2182:. Retrieved
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2147:
2144:"Олег Царёв"
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
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1570:Oleg Tsariov
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328:Last amended
121:Jurisdiction
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4771:1993 in law
4685:tea culture
4538:Fairy tales
4401:Open access
4374:Immigration
4335:Gun control
4074:Agriculture
4043:Term limits
3953:Martial law
3948:Nationalism
3943:Irredentism
3938:Imperialism
3721:Caspian Sea
3637:Environment
3632:Earthquakes
3528:Union State
3516:Dissolution
3415:Kievan Rus'
3405:Early Slavs
3322:Asia portal
3223:States with
3143:Philippines
3083:South Korea
3078:North Korea
2973:Afghanistan
2891:Isle of Man
2826:recognition
2795:Switzerland
2730:Netherlands
2184:20 December
2098:22 December
1795:16 December
1601:Numismatics
1459:August 2021
1272:Section Two
1166:Section One
853:Union State
820:Visa policy
556:Legislature
358:Signatories
331:4 July 2020
4760:Categories
4690:Television
4665:Philosophy
4598:Mass media
4588:Literature
4583:Inventions
4345:Healthcare
4280:Corruption
4270:Censorship
4161:(currency)
4038:Separatism
3983:Opposition
3968:Neo-Nazism
3958:Monarchism
3928:Liberalism
3923:Propaganda
3883:Government
3750:North Asia
3551:Journalism
3410:East Slavs
3400:Sarmatians
3203:Uzbekistan
3178:Tajikistan
3093:Kyrgyzstan
3073:Kazakhstan
2993:Bangladesh
2983:Azerbaijan
2765:San Marino
2725:Montenegro
2705:Luxembourg
2685:Kazakhstan
2588:Azerbaijan
2506:referendum
2489:referendum
2456:amendments
2415:Soviet era
2389:Revolution
2357:Conditions
2197:References
2176:. cbr.ru.
1874:www.mid.ru
1838:Article 17
1485:Sevastopol
1422:State Duma
1344:State Duma
1282:Provisions
969:Opposition
732:Federalism
596:State Duma
582:Chairwoman
538:Government
467:Presidency
397:Wikisource
372:Supersedes
315:Amendments
262:Federation
258:Federalism
230:Government
213:State Duma
71:April 2024
4548:Festivals
4441:Sociology
4391:Languages
4310:Education
4214:Transport
4048:Terrorism
3893:Judiciary
3887:Apparatus
3853:Elections
3818:Anarchism
3792:Far North
3743:Volcanoes
3728:Mountains
3605:Geography
3484:Civil war
3395:Scythians
3289:Hong Kong
3243:Palestine
3168:Sri Lanka
3163:Singapore
3043:Indonesia
2881:Gibraltar
2700:Lithuania
2362:Pestel's
2158:3 October
2128:3 October
1994:. London.
1781:usaid.gov
1365:Judiciary
1299:Executive
1148:Structure
1132:, of the
810:Passports
797:in Russia
671:Elections
631:Judiciary
514:Executive
474:President
382:Full text
242:Judiciary
237:Judiciary
221:Executive
201:Bicameral
190:President
4740:Category
4618:Nobility
4578:Internet
4573:Heraldry
4568:Graffiti
4553:Folklore
4496:Armorial
4426:Religion
4411:Polygamy
4350:HIV/AIDS
4330:Funerals
4320:Feminism
4290:Deafness
4275:Citizens
4265:Cannabis
4250:Abortion
4194:Taxation
4134:Gambling
4124:Forestry
3973:Military
3806:Politics
3787:Wildlife
3733:Caucasus
3696:Glaciers
3576:Military
3561:Internet
3539:By topic
3433:Vladimir
3428:Novgorod
3382:Timeline
3312:Category
3233:Abkhazia
3183:Thailand
3138:Pakistan
3118:Mongolia
3113:Maldives
3108:Malaysia
3008:Cambodia
2901:Svalbard
2886:Guernsey
2833:Abkhazia
2780:Slovenia
2775:Slovakia
2750:Portugal
2608:Bulgaria
2178:Archived
2152:Archived
2148:Telegram
2122:Archived
1610:See also
1477:Adoption
1420:and the
1157:Preamble
1089:version.
780:Minister
613:Chairman
449:Tax Code
336:Location
197:Chambers
175:Branches
163:republic
132:Ratified
104:Overview
4731:Outline
4543:Fashion
4533:Fashion
4521:Cuisine
4483:Culture
4471:in army
4456:Wedding
4451:Suicide
4446:Smoking
4431:Slavery
4406:Orphans
4379:Illegal
4255:Alcohol
4238:Society
4204:Tourism
4084:Banking
4062:Economy
3907:Prisons
3755:Siberia
3711:Islands
3691:Geology
3627:Climate
3617:Borders
3581:Outline
3556:Judaism
3546:Economy
3373:History
3208:Vietnam
3123:Myanmar
3103:Lebanon
3033:Georgia
2988:Bahrain
2978:Armenia
2805:Ukraine
2755:Romania
2715:Moldova
2673:Ireland
2668:Iceland
2663:Hungary
2653:Germany
2648:Georgia
2638:Finland
2633:Estonia
2628:Denmark
2613:Croatia
2598:Belgium
2593:Belarus
2583:Austria
2578:Armenia
2573:Andorra
2568:Albania
1765:YouTube
1527:
1523:
1479:of the
1261:Russian
1250:Russian
1239:Russian
1228:Russian
1217:Russian
1206:Russian
1195:Russian
1184:Russian
1173:Russian
1054:Russian
916:Ukraine
901:Finland
824:history
602:Members
576:Members
364:by the
340:Kremlin
287:History
157:Federal
61:updated
4745:Portal
4700:Sports
4628:Anthem
4516:Cinema
4511:Ballet
4421:Racism
4384:Labour
4340:Health
4305:Doping
4159:Ruble
4144:Mining
4114:Energy
3777:Rivers
3686:Fjords
3586:Postal
3438:Moscow
3364:Russia
3253:Taiwan
3188:Turkey
3153:Russia
3088:Kuwait
3068:Jordan
3058:Israel
3018:Cyprus
3003:Brunei
2998:Bhutan
2896:Jersey
2838:Kosovo
2800:Turkey
2790:Sweden
2770:Serbia
2760:Russia
2745:Poland
2740:Norway
2720:Monaco
2690:Latvia
2658:Greece
2643:France
2618:Cyprus
2554:Europe
2343:Russia
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1687:Others
1645:(1918)
1624:(1905)
1560:, and
1126:Soviet
1117:. The
1068:Russia
344:Moscow
152:System
4650:Opera
4603:Music
4466:Women
4367:LGBTQ
4285:Crime
4219:Waste
3738:Urals
3716:Lakes
3294:Macau
3213:Yemen
3173:Syria
3148:Qatar
3128:Nepal
3063:Japan
3038:India
3028:Egypt
3013:China
2871:Åland
2785:Spain
2710:Malta
2680:Italy
1746:Notes
1128:-era
1119:USAID
911:India
906:China
873:BRICS
228:-led
179:Three
4638:Flag
4526:Wine
4506:Arts
3571:LGBT
3455:Army
3133:Oman
3098:Laos
3053:Iraq
3048:Iran
2233:ISBN
2212:ISBN
2186:2018
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2100:2022
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