2428:
1161:
977:
2031:
2061:
2016:
1926:
1911:
1836:
1956:
86:
1986:
2046:
1971:
1896:
1881:
1866:
1851:
1821:
1941:
2001:
1799:
22 ft 2 in) above rails. Minimum overhead wiring height for double stacking, standard gauge railways shall be 6.5 m (21 ft 4 in), and Indian gauge railways shall be 7.45 m (24 ft 5 in) above rails, respectively. This would apply to Russia and Europe (or North
America), rather than to Russia and China (or Iran).
3442:
1794:
must be raised. Or there must be restrictions on permitted rolling stock, which would restrict the benefit of such a railway. Dual gauge needs more width than single gauge. For double stacking on
Russian gauge tracks, maximum height shall be 6.15 or 6.4 m (20 ft 2 in or 21 ft
1798:
For standard gauge railways, double stacking maximum height shall be 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in). For Indian gauge railways, double stacking maximum height shall be 7.1 m (23 ft 4 in), and minimum overhead wiring height shall be 6.5 or 6.75 m (21 ft 4 in or
1406:
chose a gauge broader than standard gauge for military reasons, namely to prevent potential invaders from using the rail system. The
Russian military recognized as early as 1841 that operations to disrupt railway track did not depend on the gauge, and should instead focus on destroying
1570:) gauge. During canal construction (1904–1914), this same gauge was chosen for both construction traffic, canal operating services along the quays, and the newly routed commercial cross-isthmus railway. In 2000 the gauge for the commercial parallel railway was
1725:, to match Finland's gauge. The redefinition did not mean that all the railways in Estonia were changed immediately. It was more a rule change, so that all renovated old tracks and new railways would be constructed in 1,524 mm gauge from then on. (See
1527:) gauge simultaneously with the Russian gauge railway, constructed in the northern part of the island in 1930-1932 (Moskalvo-Okha). The railway has no fixed connection with the mainland. Before 2019, rail cars coming from the mainland port of
1398:
At the time, questions of continuity with the
European network did not arise. By the time difficulties arose in connecting the Prussian railroads to the Russian ones in Warsaw in the 1850s, it was too late to change.
5588:
3764:. Contrary to Lotysz's claim that "some railway historians" promote the myth, its only trace in the academic literature appears to be persistent warnings against the folklore. See, e.g.,
3337:
2826:
is proposed for the east of Kerman, the south of
Mashhad, and the north and east of Chabahar, whereas the north and west of Tehran and the south and west of Estafan will continue the
1786:, which defines the maximum height and width for railway vehicles and their loads, is larger for Russian gauge. This means that if a standard gauge railway, in Europe, is adapted for
1600:
equipment. The original gauge was chosen under the influence of the pre-conversion southern United States railway companies. The electric manoeuvering locomotives along the locks (
1648:). However the railway systems were not connected until the bridge over the River Neva was built in 1913. Russian trains could not have run on Finnish tracks, because the Finnish
4042:
3371:
4701:
5504:
5430:
52:
2427:
4196:
1155:
4087:
5581:
5184:
4228:
1180:
3359:
2084:
5574:
5160:
997:) first appeared in the United Kingdom and the United States. This gauge became commonly known as "Russian gauge", because the government of the
5913:
5540:
5048:
3980:
The nominal track gauge on the rail network 1,524 mm. The max tolerance range in lowest quality lines (class 6, max speed 50 km/h) is −7…+20 mm
2234:
5717:
3992:
3814:
3957:
1703:
remained unaltered, the result was an increased speed and stability. The conversion took place between 1970 and the beginning of the 1990s.
5545:
1619:
1338:
1770:) railways is allowed. Since both 1,520 and 1,524 mm tolerances overlap, the difference is negligible. The international high-speed
4663:
4970:
4301:
2971:
1002:
3940:
4535:
4052:
3785:
272:
3082:
5535:
4410:
4221:
3455:
2137:
1151:
832:
691:
186:
5923:
5918:
5519:
2352:). Warsaw's tramway system, constructed with 1525 mm gauge, was regauged to 1435 mm during post-WWII reconstruction.
62:
4066:
5555:
4866:
4603:
4405:
3926:
3699:
3495:
339:
173:
146:
5312:
5647:
5550:
4047:
3568:
3483:
3019:
2979:
2092:
1267:). The Tsarskoye Selo railway's success proved that a larger gauge could be viable for railways isolated from the extant
1196:
1519:
from Japan did not result in regauging of the railway system. Southern
Sakhalin has continued with the original Japanese
1026:
With about 225,000 km (140,000 mi) of track, 1,520 mm is the second-most common gauge in the world, after
5928:
5222:
4828:
4149:
3892:
3801:"Provisional Convention ... concerning the junction of the Japanese and Russian Railways in Manchuria" - June 13, 1907.
3382:
1512:
1099:
956:
951:
3866:
1737:
Finland allows its gauge to be 1,520–1,529 mm on first class lines (classes 1AA and 1A, speed 220–160 km/h).
976:
5854:
5667:
4214:
3491:
3283:
5692:
5382:
3293:
1550:
There were proposals in 2013 for north-south and east-west lines in
Afghanistan, with construction to start in 2013.
5882:
5779:
5774:
4802:
4264:
3303:
1532:
1354:
1248:
759:
113:
1297:
5887:
5739:
5514:
5509:
5481:
5445:
5440:
5435:
4256:
3363:
3179:
3103:
2769:
1696:
1625:
928:
57:
47:
5892:
2921:
5839:
5210:
4854:
4689:
4474:
3405:
3273:
2875:
2864:
2495:
2343:
1479:
1350:
1346:
1095:
743:
399:
256:
5809:
5769:
5749:
5729:
5632:
5744:
85:
5872:
5824:
5794:
5652:
5274:
4790:
4765:
2758:
2457:
1528:
1508:
1497:
1467:
1435:
1135:
966:
816:
431:
5849:
5799:
5759:
5712:
5707:
5697:
5682:
5672:
5657:
5642:
5637:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
3830:
5877:
5834:
5819:
5814:
5789:
5784:
5764:
5734:
5702:
5687:
5662:
5476:
5100:
4923:
4892:
3253:
3072:
2967:
2860:
2392:
1726:
1707:
1629:
1571:
1544:
1501:
1471:
1443:
1327:
1208:
1192:
1103:
923:
789:
618:
483:
447:
229:
5829:
5754:
5724:
5677:
5409:
5286:
4541:
4486:
4422:
4252:
2679:
2442:
2183:
1692:
1256:
1220:
961:
848:
299:
202:
102:
4172:
3964:
1001:
chose it in 1843. Former areas and states of the Empire have inherited this standard. However in 1970,
5844:
5804:
5425:
4996:
4739:
4579:
4397:
4337:
4276:
4242:
2936:
2432:
2311:
1559:
531:
415:
135:
72:
4962:
4567:
4325:
4313:
3194:
3093:
2987:
1516:
1496:, the station just to the north of Changchun, still in Russian hands, until the rest of the former
1342:
520:
369:
326:
3996:
3739:
3661:
3653:
3636:
Haywood, R. M. (March 1969). "The
Question of a Standard Gauge for Russian Railways, 1836-1860".
3415:
2411:
in
Finland that utilizes a unique track gauge of 1,522 mm, falls between the Russian gauge (
2353:
2157:
1601:
1493:
1463:
1200:
1718:), even though they also have tightened the tolerances in a similar way, but to a higher level.
1160:
4785:
4713:
3922:
3810:
3695:
3679:
3068:
2975:
2114:
1901:
5074:
5022:
3781:
Luis
Jackson, Industrial Commissioner of the Erie Railway. "Rambles in Japan and China." In
3731:
3645:
3542:
3348:
3205:
2983:
2940:
2339:
2129:
2080:
1240:
1207:
gauge track existed in the United States, almost all of the railroads using that gauge were
1195:
adopted this gauge. The presence of several distinct gauges was a major disadvantage to the
588:
558:
1721:
After its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Estonia redefined its track gauge to
4176:
3944:
3937:
3789:
3757:
3585:
3572:
3263:
3114:
2160:
are broad gauge (according to terminology in use in these countries, gauges narrower than
1771:
1653:
1637:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1331:
1301:
1068:
3782:
1812:
The primary countries currently using the gauge of 5 ft or 1,520 mm, include:
3606:
3538:
2613:
Dual gauge between Russian gauge and another similar gauge can make these bonus gauges.
2431:
Mixed between 1,524 mm (5 ft) and another similar gauge, result the bonus gauge is
2182:) are considered to be narrow). Many tramway networks initially built to narrow gauges (
1740:
If the rolling stock's tolerance is kept within certain limits, through running between
5488:
5466:
5461:
4931:
3848:
3425:
3190:
3134:
3045:
2944:
2925:
2879:
2849:
2803:
2773:
2727:
2723:
2595:
2531:
2507:
2408:
2357:
2110:
1633:
1597:
1536:
1489:
1475:
1428:
1416:
1293:
1244:
1130:
1050:
998:
935:
913:
908:
4126:
5907:
5334:
5248:
4637:
4448:
3676:
The beginnings of railway development in Russia in the reign of Nicholas I, 1835-1842
3665:
3447:
3325:
2469:
2400:
2384:
2307:
2272:
2118:
1791:
1783:
1700:
1649:
1176:
874:
3722:
Siddall, William R. (January 1969). "Railroad Gauges and Spatial Interaction".
5566:
3394:
3057:
2823:
2799:
2388:
2036:
17:
4088:"Russia and North Korea sign deal to complete Khasan-Rajin railway reconstruction"
3831:"Сахалинская узкоколейная железная дорога (The narrow-gauge railways of Sakhalin)"
3804:
2814:
Proposed for the south and east of Tehran and the north and east of Estafan. The
1345:
for the building of Russia's first major railway. The team included devotees of
5597:
4631:
4237:
3228:
3118:
2315:
2280:
2242:
2229:
1447:
986:
33:
4185:
4018:
3565:
3518:
2233:) were converted to broad gauge. As of 2015, only a few out of more than sixty
5471:
3437:
3317:
3130:
2991:
2450:
2396:
2276:
2246:
2149:
2066:
2021:
1931:
1916:
1841:
1790:, bridges must be rebuilt, double tracks must be placed further apart and the
1787:
1088:
918:
3896:
3022:: The northern spur lines from CIS states. For Afghanistan's future network,
1774:'s gauge between Helsinki and St. Petersburg was specified as 1,522 mm.
4112:
3321:
3243:
2956:
2088:
1961:
1455:
1439:
1139:
1084:
2099:
1459:
3694:. East European Monographs. Boulder, CO: Columbia University Press. 1998.
3232:
3216:
1991:
3993:"Allegro high speed Pendolino train at Finland station in St Petersburg"
3683:
3657:
3479:
3367:
2103:
2051:
1976:
1886:
1871:
1856:
1826:
1640:
where railways were also built to the (5 ft) broad track gauge of
1540:
3834:
3743:
1341:, built in 1842. There, the Tsar established a committee to recommend
4206:
3487:
3475:
3220:
2098:
There is an approximately 150 km long section in Hungary in the
2006:
1946:
1451:
1330:, with the express intention of allowing through-freight trains into
1252:
3649:
3735:
3441:
3224:
3122:
1159:
1080:
3126:
2153:
1470:
from Changchun to Lüshun was lost to the Japanese, who promptly
1349:, who pushed to continue the Tsarskoye Selo gauge, and engineer
5570:
4210:
1547:
it to the Russian gauge. The conversion was completed in 2019.
1357:, a prominent American railway engineer. Whistler recommended
3171:
Several short stretches from Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan.
3137:
with standard gauge ones, and parallel transhipping tracks of
4169:
4067:"Megújult a széles nyomtávolságú vágány a záhonyi térségben"
2109:
Following renovations in 2014, a 32 km section of dual
1652:
was narrower, until the connection was made and the Finnish
1438:, built in the closing years of the 19th century across the
4186:"Railway gauge width : 1 519 / 1 520 / 1 524 / 1 525"
1419:
did pose some amount of obstacle to the invading Germans.
4150:"Agreement on Arctic Railway Planning and Implementation"
3963:. Finnish Rail Administration. p. 56. Archived from
1337:
The modern Russian railway network solidified around the
1171:) gauge rail network in the Southern United States (1861)
3671:
See also Haywood's full-length monographs on this topic,
1203:. In 1886, when around 11,500 miles (18,500 km) of
4113:"Tramwaje Warszawskie - rozwój sieci - lata 1990-2006"
1239:) gauge, 17 km long experimental line connecting
4197:"Traffic between Finland and Russia in 2020 and 2030"
3189:
A short section linking the assembly building to the
1365:) on the basis that it was cheaper to construct than
2136:
from the Ukrainian border to the eastern end of the
2079:
Short sections of Russian or 5 ft gauge extend
1628:
was opened in January 1862. As Finland was then the
5863:
5605:
5528:
5497:
5454:
5418:
4961:
4922:
4396:
4251:
1292:In 1840, work started on the second railway in the
4148:Trellevik, Siri Gulliksen Tømmerbakke From Amund.
4129:(in Finnish and English). Finnish Railway Society
2959:. Used for exchanging cargo with Finnish trains.
1488:) for a short time during the war. This formed a
1231:In 1837, the first railway built in Russia was a
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3560:
3558:
1610:gauge that was laid during canal construction.
1156:Confederate railroads in the American Civil War
1562:, first constructed in ca. 1850, was built in
5582:
4222:
3849:"История железных дорог – филиалов ОАО "РЖД""
1669:In the late 1960s the gauge was redefined to
1543:. In 2004 and 2008 plans were put forward to
8:
3223:ferry terminal for freight train ferries to
2699: in) (the maximum bonus gauge from the
1691:) in the Soviet Union. At the same time the
1427:The 5-foot gauge became the standard in the
3678:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 1969.
3360:(Uzhhorod - Maťovce - Haniska pri Košiciach
2275:. There are two tram systems in and around
2144:Use in rapid transit and light rail systems
5589:
5575:
5567:
4229:
4215:
4207:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3867:"Afghan railway ambitions awarded funding"
3803:Endowment for International Peace (2009).
3730:(1). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 40.
3048:for the western spur lines from Iran, and
1535:, operating since 1973, had to have their
1504:to standard gauge, probably in the 1930s.
1181:South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company
29:
4043:"Construction of Afghan railway launched"
3631:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3623:
1462:, used Russian gauge. As a result of the
3995:. Alstom. 7 October 2010. Archived from
3692:Russia enters the railway age, 1842–1855
3004:
2743:
2426:
1251:. The choice of gauge was influenced by
3769:
3765:
3510:
3467:
1005:re-defined the gauge as 1,520 mm (
943:
900:
70:
39:
32:
2947:in 2000 to suit off-the-shelf supply.
2156:worldwide, almost all tramways in the
2148:Although broad gauge is quite rare on
1450:. The railway's southern branch, from
1079:) gauge for the shipment of coal from
2387:systems in the former USSR, like the
2113:/Russian gauge was installed between
1695:were tightened. As the running gear (
1191:) gauge. Many other railroads in the
7:
3496:March 2014 Crimean status referendum
1620:History of rail transport in Finland
1442:entry to provide a shortcut for the
1102:was built. In 1844, both lines were
80:
4094:. Verdict Media Limited. 2013-06-17
3958:"Ratatekniset määräykset ja ohjeet"
3358:Only on the "Širokorozchodná trať"
2537:These gauges are within tolerance.
2087:, Sweden (at the Finnish border at
3809:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 108.
3806:Manchuria: Treaties and Agreements
3783:Railway and Locomotive Engineering
2972:Cartersville and Van Wert Railroad
1415:. However, in both World Wars the
1289:) gauge Western European network.
25:
3792:, vol. 26 (March 1913), pp. 91-92
3607:"The Days They Changed the Gauge"
3362:) and from the border station of
1434:Russian engineers used it on the
1395:). His advice won over the Tsar.
3921:) (Karttakeskus 2009), page 390
3456:The Museum of the Moscow Railway
3440:
2449:These gauges cannot make 3-rail
2407:). Outside the former USSR, the
2138:Upper Silesian Industrial Region
2059:
2044:
2029:
2014:
1999:
1984:
1969:
1954:
1939:
1924:
1909:
1894:
1879:
1864:
1849:
1834:
1819:
1710:kept the original definition of
1152:Track gauge in the United States
975:
84:
3917:Jussi Iltanen: Radan varrella (
3478:, a territory disputed between
2980:Western & Atlantic Railroad
1632:, an autonomous state ruled in
1373:) and cheaper to maintain than
1339:Saint Petersburg–Moscow railway
3083:Košice-Vienna broad-gauge line
2685:2,503 mm (8 ft
1219:), the gauge then used by the
1098:was constructed. In 1840, the
985:Railways with a railway track
1:
5914:Rail infrastructure in Russia
4127:"Perustietoja ja metroasemat"
4048:Railway Gazette International
3484:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
3020:Rail transport in Afghanistan
3001:Railways using 1,520 mm gauge
2955:Only a small freight yard in
2740:Railways using 1,524 mm gauge
1402:A persistent myth holds that
1197:Confederate States of America
400:Three foot six inch
5419:List of track gauge articles
4051:. 2010-01-27. Archived from
3564:1520 Strategic Partnership,
3383:Rail transport in Tajikistan
3193:launcher launch pad, at the
2132:Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa
2128:gauge railway is the Polish
2102:logistics area close to the
1431:and later the Soviet Union.
1179:, the chief engineer of the
1100:Northern and Eastern Railway
432:Four foot six inch
4406:2 foot and 600 mm
3364:Dobrá pri Čiernej nad Tisou
3338:Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line
3284:Rail transport in Lithuania
5945:
4170:1520 Strategic Partnership
4092:www.railway-technology.com
3397:is proposed for the East.
3336:Almost exclusively on the
3304:Rail transport in Mongolia
1617:
1533:Vanino-Kholmsk train ferry
1355:George Washington Whistler
1183:, prescribed the usage of
1149:
5431:List of tram track gauges
5207:, Pennsylvania gauge
4383:1 ft 10 in
3586:"Waggonway & Railway"
3474:Yevpatoria is located in
3385:: Most in the West; Also
3313:A 32-km stretch of 1,435/
3180:Rail transport in Estonia
3104:Rail transport in Belarus
2982:, until 31 May 1886. The
2770:Rail transport in Finland
2121:stations in North Korea.
1478:, after using the narrow
785:
687:
644:
527:
518:
510:
473:
268:
198:
142:
133:
125:
100:
92:
83:
5446:Large amusement railways
5276:5 ft 6 in
5212:5 ft 3 in
4863:), almost standard gauge
4856:4 ft 8 in
4792:4 ft 6 in
4778:4 ft 1 in
4708:3 ft 7 in
4691:3 ft 6 in
4476:2 ft 6 in
4412:2 ft 3 in
3539:"Broad Gauge Track-1520"
3406:Railways in Turkmenistan
3391:5 ft 6 in
3274:Rail transport in Latvia
3054:5 ft 6 in
2926:Nikel-Kirkenes-Rovaniemi
2912:) in Northern Hokkaido.
2876:Sakhalin-Hokkaido tunnel
2865:Second Falcon Cliff lift
2820:5 ft 6 in
2502:5 ft 3 in
2464:5 ft 6 in
2350:3 ft 6 in
1795:0 in) above rails.
1539:in the Sakhalin port of
1525:3 ft 6 in
1481:3 ft 6 in
1347:Franz Anton von Gerstner
1213:4 ft 9 in
1096:Eastern Counties Railway
5245:), Baltimore gauge
4954:, Stephenson gauge
3938:Estonian railways today
3575:, retrieved 2008-07-20.
2759:Chinese Eastern Railway
1762:) railways and Finnish
1498:Chinese Eastern Railway
1436:Chinese Eastern Railway
1136:East Hill Cliff Railway
5924:1520 mm gauge railways
5919:Russian gauge railways
5648:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5441:Minimum-gauge railways
5157:), Russian gauge.
4257:Minimum-gauge railways
3919:tr. "Along the track "
3788:29 August 2016 at the
3571:7 October 2008 at the
3254:Kazakhstan Temir Zholy
3073:South Caucasus Railway
2861:Laxey Browside Tramway
2446:
2393:Saint Petersburg Metro
2356:, built in 2021, uses
2235:tram systems in Russia
1727:Track gauge in Estonia
1708:Finnish State Railways
1630:Grand Duchy of Finland
1492:between Changchun and
1444:Trans-Siberian Railway
1193:Southern United States
1172:
5556:lists of track gauges
5410:Krasnoyarsk ship lift
5383:Lärchwandschrägaufzug
5271:), Iberian gauge
5123:), Toronto gauge
4154:www.highnorthnews.com
3837:on November 15, 2013.
3135:changing wagon bogies
2922:Kolari-Skibotn-Tromsø
2878:(proposed), with the
2430:
2237:are not broad gauge:
1511:, the Soviet Union's
1298:Warsaw–Vienna railway
1257:Great Western Railway
1221:Pennsylvania Railroad
1163:
5600:in Europe by country
5426:List of track gauges
5331:), Brunel gauge
5283:), Indian gauge
4825:), Scotch gauge
4799:), Scotch gauge
3943:3 March 2016 at the
3893:"Historic reference"
2937:Panama Canal Railway
2453:with Russian gauge.
1624:The first rail line
1560:Panama Canal Railway
1468:southernmost section
1227:Russian Empire, 1842
744:Five foot three inch
5929:5 ft gauge railways
5864:States with limited
5505:Tram and light rail
5219:), Irish gauge
4604:Italian metre gauge
3851:. Russian Railways.
3758:Narrowing is easier
3756:Lotysz, Slawomir. "
3724:Geographical Review
3370:, both operated by
3195:Guiana Space Center
3117:ferry terminal for
3094:Azerbaijan Railways
2988:Monongahela Incline
2882:facilities between
2403:use Russian gauge (
1353:and his consultant
1343:technical standards
1146:United States, 1827
1063:Great Britain, 1748
532:Italian broad gauge
187:Two foot three inch
27:Railway track gauge
18:Russian broad gauge
5436:Miniature railways
4536:Swedish three foot
4175:2009-10-16 at the
3689: •
3673: •
3492:Republic of Crimea
3416:Ukrainian Railways
3008:Country/territory
2863:(closed by 1914),
2747:Country/territory
2447:
2415:) and broad gauge
2383:Underground urban
1466:of 1904-1905, its
1464:Russo-Japanese War
1440:Northeastern China
1201:American Civil War
1173:
817:Five foot six inch
718:Pennsylvania gauge
692:Pennsylvania gauge
273:Swedish three foot
5901:
5900:
5564:
5563:
5541:by imperial units
5455:Gauge differences
4786:Middleton Railway
4246:
4180:www.forum1520.com
3816:978-1-113-11167-8
3431:
3430:
3069:Armenian Railways
2998:
2997:
2976:Cherokee Railroad
2806:(1,435 mm))
2124:The most western
1517:southern Sakhalin
983:
982:
896:
895:
257:Two foot six inch
40:By transport mode
16:(Redirected from
5936:
5606:Sovereign states
5591:
5584:
5577:
5568:
5477:Gauge conversion
5407:
5405:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5392:29 ft
5389:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5370:
5365:26 ft
5362:
5357:), Breitspurbahn
5356:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5337:
5330:
5325:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5309:), De Arend
5308:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5289:
5282:
5277:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5263:
5260:
5251:
5244:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5229:
5218:
5213:
5206:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5182:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5122:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5077:
5070:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5025:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5007:
4999:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4973:
4953:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4904:
4895:
4888:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4873:
4862:
4857:
4850:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4835:
4824:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4798:
4793:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4768:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4751:
4742:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4716:
4709:
4704:
4697:
4692:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4666:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4649:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4618:
4610:
4601:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4582:
4575:
4570:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4553:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4489:
4482:
4477:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4451:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4434:
4425:
4418:
4413:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4321:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4279:
4272:
4267:
4240:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4208:
4200:
4199:. 18 March 2013.
4189:
4158:
4157:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3969:
3962:
3954:
3948:
3935:
3929:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3895:. Archived from
3889:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3873:
3862:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3833:. Archived from
3827:
3821:
3820:
3799:
3793:
3779:
3773:
3762:Inventing Europe
3754:
3748:
3747:
3719:
3706:
3705:
3687:
3669:
3633:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3582:
3576:
3566:About gauge 1520
3562:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3543:Russian Railways
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3499:
3472:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3392:
3388:
3349:Russian Railways
3316:
3206:Georgian Railway
3162:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3025:
3005:
2994:, Pennsylvania.
2984:Duquesne Incline
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2779:
2744:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2607:
2603:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2573:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2544:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2510:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2440:
2435:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2346:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2318:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2283:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2252:
2240:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2163:
2150:lighter railways
2127:
2091:), and northern
2085:eastern Slovakia
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1743:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1706:In Finland, the
1690:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1672:
1647:
1643:
1609:
1606:) still use the
1595:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1526:
1522:
1487:
1482:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1307:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1241:Saint Petersburg
1238:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1190:
1186:
1170:
1166:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1109:
1078:
1074:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
996:
992:
979:
891:
890:
886:
865:
864:
860:
810:
809:
805:
802:
780:
779:
775:
772:
737:
736:
732:
729:
712:
711:
707:
704:
669:
668:
664:
661:
639:
638:
634:
631:
609:
608:
604:
601:
579:
578:
574:
571:
552:
551:
547:
544:
505:
504:
500:
497:
468:
467:
463:
460:
390:
389:
385:
382:
360:
359:
355:
352:
320:
319:
315:
312:
293:
292:
288:
285:
250:
249:
245:
242:
223:
222:
218:
215:
167:
166:
162:
159:
88:
81:
30:
21:
5944:
5943:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5883:Northern Cyprus
5865:
5859:
5780:North Macedonia
5601:
5595:
5565:
5560:
5546:by metric units
5524:
5493:
5450:
5414:
5402:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5375:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5341:9 ft
5340:
5335:
5328:
5320:
5316:
5315:
5314:7 ft
5313:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5293:6 ft
5292:
5287:
5280:
5275:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5255:5 ft
5254:
5249:
5242:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5224:5 ft
5223:
5216:
5211:
5204:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5186:5 ft
5185:
5180:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5162:5 ft
5161:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5141:4 ft
5140:
5135:
5131:
5127:
5120:
5112:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5102:4 ft
5101:
5091:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5081:4 ft
5080:
5075:
5068:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5050:4 ft
5049:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5029:4 ft
5028:
5023:
5012:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5002:4 ft
5001:
4997:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4977:4 ft
4976:
4971:
4957:
4951:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:4 ft
4932:
4918:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4899:4 ft
4898:
4893:
4886:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4868:4 ft
4867:
4860:
4855:
4848:
4840:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4830:4 ft
4829:
4822:
4814:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4804:4 ft
4803:
4796:
4791:
4781:
4777:
4771:
4766:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4746:3 ft
4745:
4740:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4720:3 ft
4719:
4714:
4707:
4702:
4695:
4690:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4670:3 ft
4669:
4664:
4654:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4644:3 ft
4643:
4638:
4630:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4613:3 ft
4612:
4608:
4596:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4586:3 ft
4585:
4580:
4573:
4568:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4548:2 ft
4547:
4542:
4534:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4517:2 ft
4516:
4512:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4493:2 ft
4492:
4487:
4480:
4475:
4465:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4455:2 ft
4454:
4449:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4429:2 ft
4428:
4423:
4416:
4411:
4392:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4372:
4366:
4362:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4331:
4326:
4319:
4314:
4307:
4302:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4270:
4265:
4255:
4247:
4235:
4195:
4191:www.parovoz.com
4184:
4177:Wayback Machine
4166:
4161:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4132:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4097:
4095:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4027:
4025:
4017:
4016:
4012:
4002:
4000:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3945:Wayback Machine
3936:
3932:
3916:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3899:on 4 March 2016
3891:
3890:
3881:
3871:
3869:
3865:UK, DVV Media.
3864:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3790:Wayback Machine
3780:
3776:
3755:
3751:
3721:
3720:
3709:
3702:
3690:
3688:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3650:10.2307/2493039
3635:
3634:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3573:Wayback Machine
3563:
3556:
3547:
3545:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3473:
3469:
3464:
3446:
3439:
3436:
3390:
3386:
3314:
3264:Kyrgyz Railways
3157:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:4 ft
3146:
3142:
3138:
3053:
3049:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:4 ft
3027:
3023:
3003:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:4 ft
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2832:4 ft
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:4 ft
2781:
2777:
2742:
2737:
2728:gauntlet tracks
2722:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:4 ft
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2666:7 ft
2665:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:6 ft
2631:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2605:
2601:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:4 ft
2575:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:4 ft
2546:
2542:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:4 ft
2513:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2492:) Iberian gauge
2486:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:5 ft
2475:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2438:
2433:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2364:4 ft
2363:
2358:
2354:Tampere tramway
2349:
2344:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:3 ft
2321:
2316:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2287:3 ft
2286:
2281:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:4 ft
2254:
2250:
2238:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:3 ft
2211:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:2 ft
2189:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:4 ft
2165:
2161:
2146:
2125:
2077:
2072:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1780:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:4 ft
1745:
1741:
1735:
1722:
1715:
1711:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:4 ft
1674:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1654:structure gauge
1645:
1641:
1638:Imperial Russia
1622:
1616:
1607:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:4 ft
1579:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1524:
1520:
1509:South Manchuria
1485:
1480:
1425:
1404:Imperial Russia
1389:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1379:4 ft
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1332:Austria-Hungary
1320:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:4 ft
1309:
1305:
1302:Congress Poland
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:4 ft
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1188:
1184:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1148:
1134:. In 1903, the
1129:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:4 ft
1111:
1107:
1076:
1072:
1071:was built to a
1069:Wylam waggonway
1065:
1060:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1032:4 ft
1031:
1027:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:4 ft
1006:
1003:Soviet Railways
994:
990:
901:Change of gauge
888:
884:
883:
862:
858:
857:
807:
803:
800:
798:
777:
773:
770:
768:
760:Baltimore gauge
734:
730:
727:
725:
709:
705:
702:
700:
666:
662:
659:
657:
636:
632:
629:
627:
606:
602:
599:
597:
576:
572:
569:
567:
549:
545:
542:
540:
511:
502:
498:
495:
493:
474:
465:
461:
458:
456:
387:
383:
380:
378:
357:
353:
350:
348:
317:
313:
310:
308:
290:
286:
283:
281:
247:
243:
240:
238:
220:
216:
213:
211:
164:
160:
157:
155:
126:
93:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5942:
5940:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5906:
5905:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5869:
5867:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5855:United Kingdom
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5668:Czech Republic
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5609:
5607:
5603:
5602:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5532:
5530:
5526:
5525:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5498:Transport mode
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5489:Variable gauge
5486:
5485:
5484:
5474:
5469:
5467:Break of gauge
5464:
5462:Bogie exchange
5458:
5456:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5413:
5412:
5385:
5358:
5332:
5310:
5284:
5272:
5246:
5220:
5208:
5158:
5124:
5098:
5072:
5046:
5020:
4994:
4967:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4928:
4926:
4924:Standard gauge
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4890:
4864:
4852:
4826:
4800:
4788:
4775:
4763:
4737:
4711:
4699:
4687:
4661:
4635:
4606:
4577:
4565:
4539:
4510:
4484:
4472:
4446:
4420:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4335:
4323:
4311:
4299:
4274:
4261:
4259:
4249:
4248:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4193:
4182:
4165:
4164:External links
4162:
4160:
4159:
4140:
4118:
4104:
4079:
4058:
4055:on 2010-03-03.
4034:
4010:
3999:on 7 July 2011
3984:
3949:
3930:
3910:
3879:
3857:
3840:
3822:
3815:
3794:
3774:
3749:
3736:10.2307/213081
3707:
3700:
3619:
3598:
3577:
3554:
3530:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:Uzbek Railways
3423:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3326:Rajin Stations
3311:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3213:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3060:are proposed.
3046:standard gauge
3017:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2970:, such as the
2965:
2964:United States
2961:
2960:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2945:standard gauge
2934:
2930:
2929:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2880:break-of-gauge
2873:
2869:
2868:
2867:(closed 1990)
2858:
2854:
2853:
2850:standard gauge
2812:
2808:
2807:
2804:standard gauge
2774:Helsinki Metro
2767:
2763:
2762:
2761:(until 1930s)
2756:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2724:standard gauge
2683:
2659:
2649:
2625:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2596:Helsinki Metro
2568:
2535:
2534:
2532:standard gauge
2505:
2493:
2467:
2466:) Indian gauge
2424:
2423:Similar gauges
2421:
2409:Helsinki Metro
2308:Helsinki trams
2145:
2142:
2076:
2075:Extended usage
2073:
2071:
2070:
2055:
2040:
2025:
2010:
1995:
1980:
1965:
1950:
1935:
1920:
1905:
1890:
1875:
1860:
1845:
1830:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:Current status
1801:
1779:
1776:
1734:
1731:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1634:personal union
1618:Main article:
1615:
1612:
1598:standard gauge
1555:
1552:
1537:bogies changed
1490:break of gauge
1476:standard gauge
1429:Russian Empire
1424:
1421:
1417:break of gauge
1351:Pavel Melnikov
1328:standard gauge
1294:Russian Empire
1245:Tsarskoye Selo
1228:
1225:
1147:
1144:
1142:, was opened.
1131:standard gauge
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1051:standard gauge
999:Russian Empire
981:
980:
972:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
946:
945:
941:
940:
939:
938:
936:Variable gauge
933:
932:
931:
921:
916:
914:Break of gauge
911:
909:Bogie exchange
903:
902:
898:
897:
894:
893:
880:
877:
872:
868:
867:
854:
851:
846:
842:
841:
838:
835:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
813:
812:
795:
792:
787:
783:
782:
765:
762:
757:
753:
752:
749:
746:
740:
739:
722:
719:
715:
714:
697:
694:
689:
685:
684:
681:
678:
672:
671:
654:
651:
646:
642:
641:
624:
621:
616:
612:
611:
594:
591:
586:
582:
581:
564:
561:
555:
554:
537:
534:
529:
525:
524:
517:
513:
512:
508:
507:
490:
487:
480:
476:
475:
471:
470:
453:
450:
445:
441:
440:
437:
434:
429:
425:
424:
421:
418:
416:Four foot
413:
409:
408:
405:
402:
397:
393:
392:
375:
372:
367:
363:
362:
345:
342:
336:
335:
332:
329:
323:
322:
305:
302:
296:
295:
278:
275:
270:
266:
265:
262:
259:
253:
252:
235:
232:
226:
225:
208:
205:
200:
196:
195:
192:
189:
183:
182:
179:
176:
170:
169:
152:
149:
144:
140:
139:
132:
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
116:
111:
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
90:
89:
77:
76:
68:
67:
66:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5941:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5888:South Ossetia
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5862:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5740:Liechtenstein
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5599:
5592:
5587:
5585:
5580:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5510:Rapid transit
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5490:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5453:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5388:9,000 mm
5386:
5384:
5361:8,200 mm
5359:
5338:
5336:3,000 mm
5333:
5329:2,140 mm
5326:
5311:
5290:
5288:1,945 mm
5285:
5281:1,676 mm
5278:
5273:
5252:
5250:1,668 mm
5247:
5243:1,638 mm
5240:
5221:
5217:1,600 mm
5214:
5209:
5205:1,588 mm
5202:
5181:1,581 mm
5178:
5159:
5138:
5136:1,520 mm
5132:1,524 mm
5125:
5121:1,495 mm
5118:
5099:
5078:
5076:1,458 mm
5073:
5069:1,457 mm
5066:
5047:
5026:
5024:1,450 mm
5021:
5019:
4998:1,445 mm
4995:
4974:
4972:1,440 mm
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4952:1,435 mm
4949:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4896:
4894:1,432 mm
4891:
4887:1,429 mm
4884:
4865:
4861:1,422 mm
4858:
4853:
4849:1,416 mm
4846:
4827:
4823:1,384 mm
4820:
4801:
4797:1,372 mm
4794:
4789:
4787:
4782:1,245 mm
4776:
4772:1,219 mm
4769:
4764:
4743:
4741:1,200 mm
4738:
4717:
4715:1,100 mm
4712:
4705:
4703:1,093 mm
4700:
4696:1,067 mm
4693:
4688:
4667:
4665:1,055 mm
4662:
4641:
4639:1,050 mm
4636:
4633:
4609:1,000 mm
4607:
4605:
4583:
4578:
4571:
4566:
4545:
4540:
4537:
4511:
4490:
4485:
4478:
4473:
4452:
4447:
4426:
4421:
4414:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4381:
4371:
4361:
4341:
4336:
4329:
4324:
4317:
4312:
4305:
4300:
4280:
4275:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:Minimum-gauge
4250:
4244:
4239:
4232:
4227:
4225:
4220:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4144:
4141:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4093:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4024:
4020:
4019:"Rail Gauges"
4014:
4011:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3970:on 2020-02-26
3966:
3959:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3914:
3911:
3898:
3894:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3868:
3861:
3858:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3823:
3818:
3812:
3808:
3807:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3693:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3638:Slavic Review
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3520:
3514:
3511:
3505:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3448:Trains portal
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3402:Turkmenistan
3401:
3400:
3396:
3387:1,676 mm
3384:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:1,520 mm
3312:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3143:1,435 mm
3139:1,520 mm
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3119:train ferries
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3050:1,676 mm
3047:
3024:1,435 mm
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3000:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2920:Proposed for
2919:
2916:
2915:
2892:1,435 mm
2888:1,524 mm
2881:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2828:1,435 mm
2825:
2816:1,676 mm
2813:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2778:1,522 mm
2775:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2701:1,435 mm
2684:
2681:
2662:2,140 mm
2660:
2652:2,134 mm
2650:
2628:1,945 mm
2626:
2618:1,829 mm
2616:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2602:1,524 mm
2599:
2597:
2593:
2572:1,522 mm
2569:
2567:
2565:Russian gauge
2543:1,520 mm
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2511:
2509:1,435 mm
2506:
2504:) Irish gauge
2499:
2497:1,600 mm
2494:
2473:
2471:1,668 mm
2468:
2461:
2459:1,676 mm
2456:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2444:
2439:2,134 mm
2436:
2429:
2422:
2420:
2417:1,524 mm
2413:1,520 mm
2410:
2405:1,520 mm
2402:
2401:Yerevan Metro
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:rapid transit
2381:
2361:
2359:1,435 mm
2355:
2347:
2345:1,067 mm
2341:
2340:Tallinn trams
2338:). Estonia's
2319:
2317:1,000 mm
2313:
2312:Liepāja trams
2310:and Latvia's
2309:
2304:
2284:
2282:1,000 mm
2278:
2274:
2273:Rostov-on-Don
2251:1,435 mm
2248:
2244:
2239:1,000 mm
2236:
2231:
2208:1,000 mm
2187:
2162:1,520 mm
2159:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2126:1,520 mm
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2074:
2068:
2056:
2053:
2041:
2038:
2026:
2023:
2011:
2008:
1996:
1993:
1981:
1978:
1966:
1963:
1951:
1948:
1936:
1933:
1921:
1918:
1906:
1903:
1891:
1888:
1876:
1873:
1861:
1858:
1846:
1843:
1831:
1828:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1808:Primary usage
1807:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:overhead wire
1789:
1785:
1784:loading gauge
1778:Loading gauge
1777:
1775:
1773:
1764:1,524 mm
1742:1,520 mm
1738:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1723:1,524 mm
1719:
1712:1,524 mm
1709:
1704:
1702:
1701:rolling stock
1698:
1694:
1671:1,520 mm
1665:Redefinitions
1664:
1659:
1657:
1656:was widened.
1655:
1651:
1650:loading gauge
1642:1,524 mm
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1614:Finland, 1862
1613:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1576:1,435 mm
1573:
1568:1,524 mm
1561:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1521:1,067 mm
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:1,067 mm
1483:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1375:1,435 mm
1371:1,829 mm
1363:1,524 mm
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1306:1,435 mm
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1269:1,435 mm
1265:2,134 mm
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:1,829 mm
1226:
1224:
1222:
1217:1,448 mm
1210:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:1,524 mm
1182:
1178:
1177:Horatio Allen
1169:1,524 mm
1162:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1108:1,435 mm
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:In 1839, the
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:1,524 mm
1070:
1067:In 1748, the
1062:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1028:1,435 mm
1024:
1004:
1000:
995:1,524 mm
988:
978:
974:
973:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
957:South America
955:
953:
952:North America
950:
949:
948:
947:
942:
937:
934:
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
904:
899:
881:
878:
876:
875:Breitspurbahn
873:
870:
869:
855:
852:
850:
847:
844:
843:
839:
836:
834:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
796:
793:
791:
790:Iberian gauge
788:
784:
766:
763:
761:
758:
755:
754:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
723:
720:
717:
716:
698:
695:
693:
690:
686:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
655:
652:
650:
647:
643:
625:
622:
620:
619:Toronto gauge
617:
614:
613:
595:
592:
590:
589:Leipzig gauge
587:
584:
583:
565:
562:
560:
559:Dresden gauge
557:
556:
538:
535:
533:
530:
526:
523:
522:
515:
514:
509:
491:
488:
486:
485:
481:
478:
477:
472:
454:
451:
449:
446:
443:
442:
438:
435:
433:
430:
427:
426:
422:
419:
417:
414:
411:
410:
406:
403:
401:
398:
395:
394:
376:
373:
371:
368:
365:
364:
346:
343:
341:
340:Italian metre
338:
337:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
279:
276:
274:
271:
267:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
236:
233:
231:
230:Bosnian gauge
228:
227:
209:
206:
204:
201:
197:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
153:
150:
148:
145:
141:
138:
137:
130:
129:
124:
120:
117:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
97:
96:
91:
87:
82:
79:
78:
74:
69:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
48:Rapid transit
46:
45:
44:
43:
38:
35:
31:
19:
5893:Transnistria
5126:
4398:Narrow gauge
4201:
4190:
4179:
4153:
4143:
4131:. Retrieved
4121:
4107:
4096:. Retrieved
4091:
4082:
4070:. Retrieved
4061:
4053:the original
4046:
4037:
4026:. Retrieved
4023:studylib.net
4022:
4013:
4001:. Retrieved
3997:the original
3987:
3979:
3972:. Retrieved
3965:the original
3952:
3933:
3918:
3913:
3901:. Retrieved
3897:the original
3870:. Retrieved
3860:
3854:(in Russian)
3843:
3835:the original
3825:
3805:
3797:
3777:
3770:Siddall 1969
3766:Haywood 1969
3761:
3752:
3727:
3723:
3691:
3675:
3644:(1): 72–80.
3641:
3637:
3610:. Retrieved
3601:
3589:. Retrieved
3580:
3546:. Retrieved
3533:
3522:. Retrieved
3513:
3494:) since the
3470:
3395:Indian gauge
3310:North Korea
3058:Indian gauge
3016:Afghanistan
2857:Isle of Man
2824:Indian gauge
2800:Tampere tram
2680:Brunel gauge
2612:
2600:
2570:
2541:
2536:
2448:
2443:Brunel gauge
2389:Moscow Metro
2382:
2342:use similar
2305:
2147:
2131:
2123:
2108:
2097:
2078:
2037:Turkmenistan
1811:
1797:
1781:
1739:
1736:
1720:
1705:
1668:
1623:
1602:
1557:
1554:Panama, 1850
1549:
1506:
1433:
1426:
1401:
1397:
1336:
1291:
1230:
1174:
1093:
1066:
1025:
984:
824:(5 ft 6 in)
751:(5 ft 3 in)
675:
648:
519:
482:
439:(4 ft 6 in)
407:(3 ft 6 in)
264:(2 ft 6 in)
194:(2 ft 3 in)
134:
114:Fifteen inch
101:
5866:recognition
5840:Switzerland
5775:Netherlands
5598:Track gauge
5520:Scale model
4963:Broad gauge
4632:metre gauge
4581:950 mm
4574:914 mm
4543:900 mm
4513:891 mm
4488:800 mm
4481:762 mm
4450:760 mm
4424:750 mm
4417:686 mm
4387:559 mm
4377:533 mm
4367:508 mm
4339:500 mm
4332:483 mm
4320:457 mm
4308:406 mm
4278:400 mm
4271:381 mm
4238:Track gauge
4202:www.etla.fi
4003:12 February
3422:Uzbekistan
3379:Tajikistan
3260:Kyrgyzstan
3250:Kazakhstan
3090:Azerbaijan
3085:(proposed)
2594:as used by
2243:Kaliningrad
2230:metre gauge
2185:750 mm
2158:former USSR
2152:and street
2093:Afghanistan
2081:into Poland
1448:Vladivostok
1304:. It was a
1259:which used
1199:during the
944:By location
203:750 mm
63:Scale model
34:Track gauge
5908:Categories
5810:San Marino
5770:Montenegro
5750:Luxembourg
5730:Kazakhstan
5633:Azerbaijan
5536:by country
5529:Categories
5472:Dual gauge
4373:21 in
4363:20 in
4327:19 in
4315:18 in
4303:16 in
4266:15 in
4098:2021-07-18
4028:2023-08-14
3927:9515932149
3701:0880333901
3548:2014-06-12
3524:2008-07-20
3506:References
3372:ZSSK Cargo
3318:dual gauge
3280:Lithuania
3240:Hong Kong
3133:track for
3131:dual gauge
2992:Pittsburgh
2978:, and the
2941:conversion
2451:dual gauge
2397:Kyiv Metro
2306:Finland's
2277:Yevpatoria
2247:Pyatigorsk
2067:Uzbekistan
2022:Tajikistan
1932:Kyrgyzstan
1917:Kazakhstan
1842:Azerbaijan
1788:dual gauge
1733:Tolerances
1693:tolerances
1626:in Finland
1513:reconquest
1507:Unlike in
1150:See also:
1089:River Tyne
924:Conversion
919:Dual gauge
327:Three foot
5745:Lithuania
5515:Miniature
5128:5 ft
4767:4 ft
4569:3 ft
4133:30 August
3666:163934218
3519:"Paravoz"
3355:Slovakia
3322:Tumangang
3300:Mongolia
3244:Peak Tram
3163:) gauge.
3110:Bulgaria
2968:The South
2957:Haparanda
2939:prior to
2884:5 ft
2772:(except:
2656:7 ft
2622:6 ft
2606:5 ft
2434:7 ft
2303:) gauge.
2279:that use
2115:Tumangang
2104:Ukrainian
2089:Haparanda
1962:Lithuania
1768:5 ft
1716:5 ft
1699:) of the
1697:wheelsets
1660:Technical
1646:5 ft
1608:5 ft
1596:) to use
1564:5 ft
1502:converted
1494:Kuancheng
1456:Changchun
1423:Expansion
1367:6 ft
1359:5 ft
1261:7 ft
1233:6 ft
1209:converted
1205:5 ft
1185:5 ft
1175:In 1827,
1165:5 ft
1140:funicular
1104:converted
1087:down the
1085:Lemington
1073:5 ft
991:5 ft
967:Australia
676:Five foot
71:By size (
58:Miniature
5873:Abkhazia
5825:Slovenia
5820:Slovakia
5795:Portugal
5653:Bulgaria
5406: in
5379: in
5355: in
5324: in
5307: in
5269: in
5238: in
5203: /
5200: in
5179: /
5176: in
5155: in
5130: /
5116: in
5095: in
5064: in
5043: in
5016: in
4991: in
4950: /
4947: in
4913: in
4882: in
4844: in
4818: in
4760: in
4734: in
4684: in
4658: in
4627: in
4600: in
4562: in
4531: in
4507: in
4469: in
4443: in
4357: in
4296: in
4173:Archived
3941:Archived
3786:Archived
3569:Archived
3490:(as the
3482:(as the
3434:See also
3412:Ukraine
3320:between
3290:Moldova
3233:Baltijsk
3229:Klaipėda
3217:Sassnitz
3215:Only at
3212:Germany
3202:Georgia
3176:Estonia
3161: in
3113:Only at
3100:Belarus
3079:Austria
3065:Armenia
3042: in
3011:Railway
2910: in
2846: in
2796: in
2766:Finland
2750:Railway
2719: in
2676: in
2646: in
2590: in
2561: in
2528: in
2490: in
2378: in
2336: in
2301: in
2269: in
2226: in
2204: in
2180: in
2154:tramways
2111:Standard
2106:border.
1992:Mongolia
1760: in
1689: in
1594: in
1472:regauged
1393: in
1324: in
1287: in
1249:Pavlovsk
1126: in
1046: in
1021: in
882:(9 ft 10
879:3,000 mm
853:2,140 mm
837:1,829 mm
833:Six foot
821:1,676 mm
794:1,668 mm
764:1,638 mm
748:1,600 mm
721:1,588 mm
696:1,581 mm
680:1,524 mm
653:1,520 mm
623:1,495 mm
593:1,458 mm
563:1,450 mm
536:1,445 mm
489:1,435 mm
484:Standard
452:1,432 mm
436:1,372 mm
420:1,219 mm
404:1,067 mm
374:1,000 mm
174:Two foot
121:(15 in)
5850:Ukraine
5800:Romania
5760:Moldova
5718:Ireland
5713:Iceland
5708:Hungary
5698:Germany
5693:Georgia
5683:Finland
5678:Estonia
5673:Denmark
5658:Croatia
5643:Belgium
5638:Belarus
5628:Austria
5623:Armenia
5618:Andorra
5613:Albania
5551:by name
5401:⁄
5374:⁄
5350:⁄
5319:⁄
5302:⁄
5264:⁄
5233:⁄
5195:⁄
5171:⁄
5150:⁄
5139: (
5111:⁄
5090:⁄
5059:⁄
5038:⁄
5011:⁄
4986:⁄
4942:⁄
4908:⁄
4877:⁄
4839:⁄
4813:⁄
4755:⁄
4729:⁄
4679:⁄
4653:⁄
4622:⁄
4595:⁄
4557:⁄
4526:⁄
4502:⁄
4464:⁄
4438:⁄
4352:⁄
4291:⁄
3947:, p. 32
3658:2493039
3480:Ukraine
3368:Ukraine
3345:Russia
3333:Poland
3270:Latvia
3186:France
3156:⁄
3037:⁄
2952:Sweden
2933:Panama
2928:lines.
2917:Norway
2905:⁄
2841:⁄
2798:), and
2791:⁄
2735:Summary
2714:⁄
2694:⁄
2671:⁄
2641:⁄
2585:⁄
2556:⁄
2523:⁄
2485:⁄
2373:⁄
2331:⁄
2296:⁄
2264:⁄
2221:⁄
2199:⁄
2175:⁄
2052:Ukraine
1977:Moldova
1902:Georgia
1887:Finland
1872:Estonia
1857:Belarus
1827:Armenia
1772:Allegro
1755:⁄
1684:⁄
1589:⁄
1572:changed
1545:convert
1541:Kholmsk
1531:on the
1413:tunnels
1409:bridges
1388:⁄
1319:⁄
1282:⁄
1121:⁄
1058:History
1041:⁄
1016:⁄
887:⁄
861:⁄
840:(6 ft)
806:⁄
776:⁄
733:⁄
708:⁄
683:(5 ft)
665:⁄
649:1520 mm
635:⁄
605:⁄
575:⁄
548:⁄
501:⁄
464:⁄
448:1432 mm
423:(4 ft)
386:⁄
356:⁄
334:(3 ft)
316:⁄
289:⁄
246:⁄
219:⁄
181:(2 ft)
163:⁄
103:Minimum
5878:Kosovo
5845:Turkey
5835:Sweden
5815:Serbia
5805:Russia
5790:Poland
5785:Norway
5765:Monaco
5735:Latvia
5703:Greece
5688:France
5663:Cyprus
4072:1 June
3925:
3903:1 June
3872:1 June
3813:
3744:213081
3742:
3698:
3682:
3664:
3656:
3612:1 June
3591:1 June
3488:Russia
3486:) and
3476:Crimea
3221:Mukran
3168:China
2974:, the
2890:) and
2872:Japan
2755:China
2100:Záhony
2064:
2049:
2034:
2019:
2007:Russia
2004:
1989:
1974:
1959:
1947:Latvia
1944:
1929:
1914:
1899:
1884:
1869:
1854:
1839:
1824:
1529:Vanino
1474:it to
1460:Lüshun
1452:Harbin
1296:, the
1253:Brunel
962:Europe
871:
856:(7 ft
849:Brunel
845:
829:
797:(5 ft
786:
767:(5 ft
756:
724:(5 ft
699:(5 ft
688:
656:(4 ft
645:
626:(4 ft
615:
596:(4 ft
585:
566:(4 ft
539:(4 ft
528:
516:
492:(4 ft
479:
455:(4 ft
444:
428:
412:
396:
377:(3 ft
366:
344:950 mm
331:914 mm
307:(2 ft
304:900 mm
300:900 mm
280:(2 ft
277:891 mm
269:
261:762 mm
237:(2 ft
234:760 mm
210:(2 ft
207:750 mm
199:
191:686 mm
178:610 mm
154:(1 ft
151:600 mm
147:600 mm
143:
136:Narrow
131:
118:381 mm
110:
98:
5830:Spain
5755:Malta
5725:Italy
3974:9 Feb
3968:(PDF)
3961:(PDF)
3740:JSTOR
3662:S2CID
3654:JSTOR
3462:Notes
3225:Turku
3191:Soyuz
3123:Odesa
3115:Varna
2811:Iran
2802:uses
2776:uses
2271:) in
2130:LHS (
2119:Rajin
1603:mules
1243:with
1081:Wylam
987:gauge
521:Broad
370:Metre
347:(3 ft
5482:list
5183:and
5134:and
4243:list
4135:2022
4074:2016
4005:2011
3976:2020
3923:ISBN
3905:2016
3874:2016
3811:ISBN
3760:".
3696:ISBN
3684:2762
3680:OCLC
3614:2016
3593:2016
3324:and
3231:and
3141:and
3127:Poti
3125:and
2986:and
2924:and
2399:and
2314:use
2245:and
2117:and
1782:The
1558:The
1500:was
1454:via
1411:and
1247:and
1154:and
1138:, a
929:list
892:in)
866:in)
811:in)
781:in)
738:in)
713:in)
670:in)
640:in)
610:in)
580:in)
553:in)
506:in)
469:in)
391:in)
361:in)
321:in)
294:in)
251:in)
224:in)
168:in)
73:list
53:Tram
5408:),
5381:),
4784:),
3768:or
3732:doi
3646:doi
3366:to
3294:CFM
3121:to
2990:in
2943:to
2678:) (
2441:) (
2380:).
2241:in
2210:or
2206:or
2188:or
1729:.)
1636:by
1574:to
1515:of
1458:to
1446:to
1300:in
1255:'s
1211:to
1106:to
1083:to
1023:).
989:of
5910::
5403:16
5376:32
5372:27
5367:10
5343:10
5304:16
5266:32
5262:21
5152:32
5148:27
5143:11
5104:10
5092:32
5088:13
5040:32
4988:16
4984:11
4748:11
4736:),
4731:16
4710:),
4686:),
4660:),
4655:32
4651:11
4629:)
4602:)
4559:16
4550:11
4533:)
4528:32
4519:11
4466:16
4462:15
4345:19
4284:15
4152:.
4090:.
4045:.
4021:.
3978:.
3882:^
3738:.
3728:59
3726:.
3710:^
3660:.
3652:.
3642:28
3640:.
3622:^
3557:^
3541:.
3393:)
3374:.
3340:.
3328:.
3235:.
3227:,
3197:.
3129:;
3071:,
3056:)
3044:)
2852:.
2848:)
2822:)
2793:32
2789:29
2784:11
2730:).
2721:)
2643:16
2587:32
2583:29
2578:11
2563:)
2558:32
2554:27
2549:11
2530:)
2487:32
2483:21
2445:).
2419:.
2395:,
2391:,
2249:,
2177:32
2173:27
2168:11
2140:.
2095:.
2083:,
1757:32
1753:27
1748:11
1686:32
1682:27
1677:11
1334:.
1326:)
1223:.
1128:)
1091:.
1054:.
1048:)
1018:32
1014:27
1009:11
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