27:
607:
238:
81:
2876:
2113:
700:. The A-major chord can be played most easily as a barré on the second fret, the B major as a barré on the fourth, C major on the fifth, D major on the seventh, and so on (although other, more involved major shapes are employed as well for a variation in voicing). A fair amount of open-G chord shapes use six or five strings, and so these shapes require the player to mute or not play particular strings.
682:
2866:
297:(12-tet) system. The surface of the fingerboard may be flat or curved slightly ("radiused"), although the radius of a curve on the Russian guitar is usually somewhat less than that of an equivalent western 6-string guitar. Inlayed position markers are common, and appear in the same locations as 6-string guitars (e.g., typically the 5th, 7th, 9th, and 12th frets, among others).
203:(1773–1850), there are strong reasons to believe that the instrument was already in use when Sychra began his career. It is true that Sychra was very influential in creating the school of Russian guitar playing. He left over a thousand compositions, seventy-five of which were republished in the 1840s by
1021:
in the 1970s. Soviet factories continued to manufacture the seven string exclusively for quite a long time before making a gradual switchover to accommodate the demand for six string guitars in the mid to late 1970s. Prior to that, western pop and rock oriented guitarists had a tradition of modifying
284:
Headstock, fingerboard (fretboard), and truss rod (if present), all attached to a long wooden extension which collectively constitutes the neck. The wood used to make the fretboard usually differs from the wood in the rest of the neck. The neck joint or heel is the point at which the neck is attached
622:
type. According to the historical article by
Valerian Rusanov, "there was a cittern player in Leipzig, named Scheidler, who enhanced the tuning by addition a bass string". These musical instruments, made by Gerard J. Deleplanque, G. Le Blond, Johann Georg Ochstermann and Johann Wilhelm Bindernagel,
275:
tuners, though older instruments (particularly from the 19th century) have friction pegs. The tuner layout is usually in one of two forms: "4+3", with four tuners on the bass-string side of the head and three on the treble string side; or "3+1+3", with three tuners on each side of the headstock and
987:
toured Soviet Russia in 1926. Possibly looking for something new and exciting to give life to their repressed craft, many
Russian classical guitarists began making a switch to the six-string and the EADGBE tuning. Classical guitarist Piotr Agafoshin made the switch, and wrote a Russian book on six
305:
The sound board is usually made of spruce or cedar, and sized and shaped much like that of the 6-string guitar. Overall proportions of classical seven string instruments (nylon string) are similar to those of 6-string guitars. "Gypsy" instruments (steel string) may be proportioned similarly, but
838:
playing) and enormous classical music musical transposition archives and music composed for
Russian 7-string guitar for 200 years in Russia. Because much of this music was published during the years of the Soviet Union, little of it left Russia, and printed scores of music for Russian guitar are
627:
river, and still awaits a recognition from lovers of
Russian romance in Glinka Museum in Moscow, as well as in the Leipzig Musical Museum. Known as "Deutsche Guitarre", two hundred years ago they already had some of the hallmarks of a modern seven-string guitar, including "Viennese" bracing and a
258:
There are two basic types of
Russian guitar: the "classical" model and the "gypsy" model. The classical model closely resembles the western 6-string classical guitar, and has nylon or gut strings. The gypsy model is steel strung, and resembles the western 6-string steel-string acoustic guitar,
656:
Sychra as well played on a six-string guitar. And while being a great musically gifted person and talented virtuoso of the harp, at the end of XVIII in Moscow he, from the 6-string guitar, constructed the instrument close to the harp, especially by harp-like arpeggios, and at the same time more
320:
As noted above, Russian guitars may have either nylon (or equivalent non-metal) strings, or steel (or equivalent metal) strings, depending on whether the instrument is a classical or gypsy guitar. On classical instruments the four lower pitched strings are generally wound, and the three higher
249:
except for the additional string. The same basic components are present: headstock; nut; tuners; neck; fingerboard; frets; inlays; truss rod (in modern instruments); heel; body; bridge & bridge saddle; soundboard (top); sound hole and rosette; back; sides; strings. Woods used and internal
329:
Proportions of
Russian guitars typically do not differ greatly from those of western 6-string instruments. Since the range of both types of instrument are comparable, this makes acoustical sense. One notable physical difference, however, concerns string spacing: since Russian guitars have
1025:
Conversely, Russian émigré guitarists living in western countries, where only six string guitars were available, have been known to modify six string (and sometimes twelve string) acoustic guitars to seven string instruments, in order to better play their favorite
Russian songs.
262:
A two-necked version of the
Russian guitar was also once popular; these guitars usually had 11 or 12 strings—one neck with seven fretted strings, and another with four or five unfretted strings. There are also some rare specimens that were built with an oval body.
26:
741:
It is fairly common for
Russian guitar players (particularly those accompanying themselves singing, such as bards) to bring the tuning up or down several steps as desired, either to accommodate the voice or for varying string tension.
647:
Some guitar historians insist that the
Russian seven-string tuning was invented in 1793 by Andrey Sychra, acknowledged harpist of the 18th century, in order to adapt a harp tuning for guitar, and facilitate the playing of harp-like
606:
628:
radial fretboard. One of the first performers on seven-string citterns in Germany were Johann David Scheidler and Johann Clauduis Hanff, the second later worked in St.-Petersburg in Russia.
312:
A pickguard, or "scratchplate"—usually a piece of laminated plastic—is frequently found on steel-string "gypsy" instruments; on nylon-string classical instruments it is usually lacking.
221:
The Russian version of the seven-string guitar has been used by professionals because of its great flexibility, but has also been popular with amateurs for accompaniment (especially
309:
The bridge is made of a hardwood similar to that used for the fingerboard, and the bridge saddle is usually bone or sometimes plastic; on old instruments, ivory was sometimes used.
2912:
991:
The Russian guitar remained the standard for popular musicians until the 1960s, when a strong interest in underground music such as jazz and Western rock acts such as the
1022:
cheap factory made Soviet seven string guitars to six strings (or sometimes to bass guitars) and retuning them to the EADGBE tuning, or as a 7 string use BEADGBE tuning.
847:
A common practice for six string guitar players of Russian romances and bard music is to retune their guitars using variations of the seven string tuning, such as:
306:
also may often feature a narrower upper bout, and an enlarged sound hole. Both traditionally shaped instruments and instruments with cut-away bodies are available.
1406:
980:. The Russian guitar gained significant popularity in the latter half of the 19th century with the increasing popularity of guitar oriented "city romance" songs.
3065:
976:
For many years, the seven-string guitar was far more popular in Russia than the regular six-string Spanish guitar; the latter was a rarity in Russia before the
494:
Traditionally, Russian and Spanish guitars are tuned differently. On the Spanish guitar the open-string chord is an Em11, while on the Russian guitar it is a
293:
The fingerboard is made of hardwood (ebony or rosewood are common), fitted with metal frets of brass or steel. Fret spacing almost always follows the western
707:, more piano-like voicing on the latter. For example, an E-minor chord on a Spanish guitar (as 022000) is usually played in the order, from low to high, of
1029:
Recently, the repertoire for the Russian guitar has been the subject of a new scholarly examination and has seen increased performance due to the work of
2905:
2149:
1831:
1268:
Yablokov, Mikhail; 'Klassicheskaia gitara v Rossii i SSSR' (The classical guitar in Russia and USSR); Ekaterinburg: Russkaia entsiklopedia, 1992.
487:
218:
The first known written instruction for 7-string guitar was published in St. Petersburg, on December 15 1798, written by Ignaz Held (1766–1816).
3459:
1239:
The golden age of the Russian guitar: Repertoire, performance practice, and social function of the Russian seven-string guitar music, 1800-1850
746:
often tuned down a whole step, sometimes even a step and a half to an open E. Also, variations in the open G tuning were fairly common, e.g.,
1572:
1010:, arguably Russia's most prominent bard, retained his monogamous relationship with the seven string up to his death in 1980. Pioneering bard
3449:
2898:
1893:
1303:
3454:
631:
Years after Johann David Scheidler, there was another guitar player, Christian Gottlieb Scheidler who also played in open G tuning on
276:
one in the middle. The nut is a small strip traditionally of bone, but plastic, brass, and other materials are also sometimes seen.
3058:
1644:
1226:
44:
1006:, which relied heavily on popular Russian guitar technique used in "urban romances", kept the seven-string guitar relevant. Actor
830:
There are more than 1,000 different chords possible for the standard open G tuning and plenty of different schools for left hand (
1428:
2054:
330:
essentially the same neck width as 6-string guitars, the 7 strings on the Russian instruments are necessarily closer together.
1241:. Duke University, Department of Music. pp. 1–584. University Microfilms (UMI), Ann Arbor, Michigan, number 9928880.
2945:
2190:
1216:
271:
The head or "headstock" is located at the end of the guitar neck farthest from the body. Modern instruments are fitted with
1564:
3051:
2142:
2081:
1742:
696:
allows major chords to be played with only one finger of the fretting hand (the left hand for right-handed guitars), as
3444:
2921:
2837:
1076:
703:
Perhaps the most audible difference between the Spanish and Russian tunings is in the ability to play chords with a
3334:
2940:
2093:
1910:
1900:
1747:
1544:
1118:
1017:
Thanks to the "bard boom" and cheap factory production, a Russian guitar could be bought new for as little as 12
784:
49:
2748:
2679:
1737:
735:
1061:
1522:
1034:
3357:
3106:
2879:
2135:
1184:
2869:
2582:
2568:
2527:
2518:
2298:
2258:
2044:
2001:
1014:
switched to the six string in the early 1990s, but continued tuning it in open G (skipping the middle D).
689:
The Russian guitar is traditionally played without a pick, using fingers for either strumming or picking.
1637:
1419:
Ivanov, Mikhail; 'Russkaia semstrunnaia gitara' (The Russian seven-string guitar); Moscow: Muzgiz, 1948.
321:
strings are of plain material. On gypsy instruments five strings are wound, and the top two are plain.
1786:
56:
1915:
1195:
1169:
Plan number 48, Russian 7-string Guitar. Drawn by Fred Casey and Guild staff. One sheet 24 x 42 inches
1108:
1046:
3166:
2076:
2069:
1920:
1905:
1816:
1066:
1051:
3244:
3121:
3116:
2758:
2723:
2689:
2659:
1976:
1856:
1839:
1123:
1098:
1003:
930:
515:
222:
117:
1489:
3299:
2818:
2669:
2031:
1868:
1714:
1211:. Soviet history, politics, society, and thought. Indiana University Press. pp. 1–271.
977:
90:
1381:
204:
80:
3324:
3148:
3131:
3091:
3007:
2784:
2762:
2752:
2742:
2719:
2695:
2238:
2016:
1971:
1966:
1930:
1873:
1617:
1568:
1400:
1234:
1222:
1212:
1160:
1086:
1007:
984:
743:
294:
37:
1511:
1441:
1380:
Posted by Roger Häggström on December 23, 2016 at 2:00pm in Luthier Talk; Discussions, View.
1311:
1137:
3136:
3126:
2847:
2243:
2217:
2116:
2039:
1806:
1791:
1761:
1630:
1081:
226:
97:
1304:"Timofeyev, O. and Bazzotti, M.; 'The Seven-String Guitar in 19th-Century Russian Culture'"
983:
The six-string first came to serious prominence in the Russian classical guitar world when
3382:
3083:
2986:
2088:
2059:
1996:
1951:
1811:
1801:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1732:
1672:
1113:
961:
747:
486:
237:
114:
3423:
3408:
3367:
3254:
3239:
3209:
3101:
2842:
2780:
2768:
2738:
2673:
2649:
2639:
2623:
2209:
2180:
2158:
2098:
1888:
1878:
1756:
1704:
1687:
1056:
1030:
1011:
704:
499:
191:. In classical literature, the lowest string (D) occasionally is tuned down to the C.
129:
1168:
1148:
657:
melodic than harp. He attached a 7th string to the guitar and changed tuning as well.
3438:
3377:
3171:
3143:
2699:
2591:
2560:
2552:
2504:
2466:
2417:
2367:
2306:
2290:
2282:
2274:
2266:
2049:
2021:
1961:
1883:
1861:
1821:
1796:
1699:
1071:
1018:
996:
727:
693:
200:
199:
Although in a number of sources the invention of the Russian guitar is attributed to
156:), which translates to "seven-stringer". These guitars are most commonly tuned to an
72:
3418:
3372:
3274:
3259:
3214:
3176:
2823:
2213:
2006:
1667:
1556:
731:
664:
272:
212:
1363:
673:
This sound, resembling a runaway stream of pure fifths, was discovered by Sychra.
1206:
723:— or to play it with the same voicing as the six string E minor (using 99X9989).
3362:
3339:
3224:
2950:
2813:
2726:
2663:
2653:
1986:
1956:
1925:
1844:
1682:
1677:
1278:
835:
697:
681:
503:
64:
3279:
3264:
3249:
3075:
2890:
1946:
1533:
1208:
Songs to seven strings: Russian guitar poetry and Soviet "mass song"
619:
225:) due to the relative simplicity of some basic chords and the ease of playing
125:
1164:
3387:
3309:
3234:
3219:
3204:
3158:
3111:
2966:
2831:
2827:
1981:
1709:
1200:. The Russian Collection. Vol. 10 ("X"). Editions Orphee. PR.494028240.
1197:
Selected Concert Works for the Russian 7-String Guitar in G open tuning
717:
E (root), G (minor third), B (fifth), E (root), G (minor third), B (fifth),
490:
For the seven-string Russian guitar, the open strings form a G-major chord.
1153:
American Lutherie: The Quarterly Journal of the Guild of American Luthiers
3199:
3191:
3032:
2627:
1991:
649:
1465:
3413:
3289:
3284:
3269:
3181:
3027:
2683:
2064:
1500:
992:
831:
615:
495:
259:
although more size and shape variations are found among gypsy guitars.
208:
3043:
715:. On a Russian guitar it is possible to play the E minor (2002002) as
610:"Sister" (Deutsche Guitarre) by Johann Wilhelm Bindernagel, circa 1800
3314:
3229:
3022:
3017:
3012:
2643:
2185:
2011:
1653:
1189:. The Russian Collection. Vol. 9. Editions Orphee. PR.494028230.
1186:
19th Century etudes for the Russian 7-string guitar in G Op
1103:
246:
157:
128:
features with the Spanish guitar, although some historians insist on
121:
101:
1337:
245:
Construction of the Russian is very similar to that of the western
3319:
3096:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2935:
1692:
636:
605:
485:
236:
2127:
1584:
730:, including the rootless seventh chord (seventh chords without a
3403:
632:
624:
3047:
2894:
2802:
2717:
2621:
2207:
2169:
2131:
1626:
3349:
929:(no low B, the standard six-string open G tuning used by bard
614:
This tuning is thought to have been derived from the baroque
79:
1279:"Иллюстрированный биографический энциклопедический словарь"
476:
Left-handed Russian guitars exist, but are extremely rare.
124:
toward the end of the 18th century: it shares most of its
1622:
709:
E (root), B (fifth), E (root), G (minor third), B (fifth)
1612:
1033:, who has unearthed and recorded works by the composer
1159:
75 (Fall). Tacoma WA: The Guild of American Luthiers.
988:
string technique that remains a standard to this day.
639:, but there is no evidence that they were relatives.
145:
133:
1338:"A Brief History of the Russian Seven-String Guitar"
662:
Stakhovich M.A., Seven string guitar history essay,
3396:
3348:
3298:
3190:
3157:
3082:
3000:
2959:
2928:
2030:
1939:
1830:
1725:
1660:
1259:
Anatoly Shiryalin, "Guitar poem", Moscow, 1994 p.11
89:
71:
55:
43:
36:
726:This tighter voicing is particularly audible with
113:(sometimes referred to as a "Gypsy guitar") is an
964:in his latter years when he adopted a six string)
839:difficult to come by in Europe or North America.
875:(no bass D string, also known as "dobro open G")
211:. Some of these were published yet again in the
16:Seven-string acoustic guitar developed in Russia
1512:Deutsche Guitarre, an article by Andreas Michel
654:
3059:
2906:
2143:
1638:
151:
139:
8:
19:
1405:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
685:"The Guitar Player" by V.A. Tropinin (1823)
3066:
3052:
3044:
2913:
2899:
2891:
2865:
2799:
2714:
2618:
2231:
2226:
2204:
2166:
2150:
2136:
2128:
1645:
1631:
1623:
1364:"Lutherie Info—Calculating Fret Positions"
1523:Gitarrenbau in Mitteldeutschland bis 1850
241:The Russian Guitar by Ivan Krasnoshchekov
1534:Russian Science Library, Musical Archive
680:
498:. While the Spanish guitar is tuned in
335:
1252:
783:to play songs written in C, while bard
132:descent. It is known in Russian as the
1398:
1375:
1373:
18:
1429:Ian Watchorn, Russian 7-String Guitar
1139:The illustrated history of the guitar
787:tuned his guitar to an open G minor:
7:
1331:
1329:
1149:"From Russia, with strings attached"
1041:Notable composers for Russian guitar
668:magazine, 1854, vol.IV, No.13, p.3–5
1205:Smith, Gerald Stanton (1984).
1002:However, the parallel emergence of
1490:M.I. Glinka Museum, Moscow, Russia
250:bracing layouts are also similar.
14:
207:, and then again in the 1880s by
2875:
2874:
2864:
2112:
2111:
1618:An article about Russian guitars
1501:Musical Museum, Leipzig, Germany
443:46–50 mm (1.8–2.0 in)
432:610–650 mm (24–26 in)
25:
2055:History of the classical guitar
1545:de:Christian_Gottlieb_Scheidler
440:49–51 mm (1.9–2.0 in)
429:630–650 mm (25–26 in)
57:Hornbostel–Sachs classification
1442:"Sister ("Deutsche Guitarre")"
1:
3460:Non-Spanish classical guitars
1547:Scheidler, Christian Gottlieb
1466:"Русская семиструнная гитара"
295:twelve tone equal temperament
31:A seven-string Russian guitar
144:), or affectionately as the
3450:Russian musical instruments
2922:Russian musical instruments
2774:
377:365 mm (14.4 in)
355:1,000 mm (39 in)
285:to the body of the guitar.
146:
134:
3476:
1585:"Home - russian-guitar EN"
1136:Bellow, Alexander (1970).
410:114 mm (4.5 in)
388:245 mm (9.6 in)
374:368 mm (14.5 in)
333:Comparison of dimensions:
3455:Repetitive guitar-tunings
2860:
2809:
2798:
2734:
2713:
2635:
2617:
2229:
2225:
2203:
2176:
2165:
2107:
1382:"Russian 7 string guitar"
1119:Russian traditional music
643:Reverberation and echoing
514:), the Russian guitar is
421:90 mm (3.5 in)
407:112 mm (4.4 in)
399:260 mm (10 in)
385:245 mm (9.6 in)
366:490 mm (19 in)
152:
140:
96:
78:
50:Plucked string instrument
24:
1446:Studia-instrumentorum.de
1062:Matvei Pavlov-Azancheyev
750:would use the tuning of
418:89 mm (3.5 in)
396:270 mm (11 in)
363:490 mm (19 in)
352:990 mm (39 in)
3107:Kholmogory bone carving
1308:Justclassicalguitar.com
1235:Timofeyev, Oleg V.
1142:. Colombo Publications.
1035:Matvei Pavlov-Azancheev
2045:Electric guitar design
1194:Ophee, Matanya (ed.).
1183:Ophee, Matanya (ed.).
960:(no middle D, used by
843:Six string adaptations
686:
671:
611:
491:
242:
120:that was developed in
84:
2082:list of manufacturers
684:
609:
550:) with two fourths (D
489:
240:
83:
3167:Kasli iron sculpture
2250:(often most popular)
1726:By type (six string)
1147:Casey, Fred (2003).
677:Performance practice
135:semistrunnaya gitara
3245:Pavlovo Posad shawl
3122:Fedoskino miniature
3117:Russian lacquer art
1613:Alexander Rosenbaum
1567:, 2009, 784 pages.
1314:on 19 February 2020
1283:Abc-guitar.narod.ru
1124:Seven-string guitar
1099:Bard (Soviet Union)
931:Alexander Rozenbaum
623:were delivered via
415:Sound hole diameter
141:семиструнная гитара
118:seven-string guitar
91:Related instruments
21:
3445:Russian folk music
1832:Additional strings
1787:Guitarrón mexicano
1589:Russian-guitar.com
1004:Russian bard music
978:revolution of 1917
834:) and right hand (
687:
612:
504:(major) third
492:
341:Classical 6-string
243:
160:chord as follows:
85:
3432:
3431:
3358:Bird of Happiness
3149:Zhostovo painting
3132:Mstyora miniature
3092:Gorodets painting
3041:
3040:
3008:Bayan (accordion)
2888:
2887:
2856:
2855:
2838:Other instruments
2794:
2793:
2749:Augmented fourths
2709:
2708:
2680:Augmented fourths
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2199:
2198:
2125:
2124:
1967:Chitarra battente
1738:acoustic-electric
1573:978-5-235-03255-2
1565:Molodaya Gvardiya
1386:Fretsnet.ning.com
1087:Vladimir Vysotsky
1008:Vladimir Vysotsky
744:Vladimir Vysotsky
469:
468:
437:Neck width at nut
426:Fingerboard scale
393:Width, upper bout
371:Width, lower bout
344:Russian 7-string
107:
106:
38:String instrument
3467:
3137:Palekh miniature
3127:Kholuy miniature
3068:
3061:
3054:
3045:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2892:
2878:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2848:William Sethares
2800:
2715:
2619:
2577:
2576:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2536:
2535:
2494:
2493:
2482:
2481:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2439:
2438:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2232:
2227:
2218:slack-key guitar
2205:
2167:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2129:
2115:
2114:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1624:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1581:
1575:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1531:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1509:
1503:
1498:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1440:Andreas Michel.
1437:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1336:Ophee, Matanya.
1333:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1310:. Archived from
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1242:
1230:
1201:
1190:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1143:
1109:Guitarra séptima
1082:Mikhail Vysotsky
1077:Vladimir Vavilov
1047:Yevgeny Bachurin
826:
817:
816:
782:
736:diminished chord
669:
336:
227:alternating bass
190:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
137:
98:classical guitar
29:
22:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3428:
3392:
3383:Matryoshka doll
3344:
3301:
3294:
3186:
3153:
3084:Decorative arts
3078:
3072:
3042:
3037:
2996:
2987:Kolyosnaya lira
2955:
2924:
2919:
2889:
2884:
2852:
2805:
2790:
2730:
2705:
2631:
2605:
2600:
2574:
2573:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2532:
2512:
2491:
2490:
2479:
2478:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2436:
2435:
2425:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2314:
2249:
2221:
2195:
2172:
2161:
2156:
2126:
2121:
2103:
2094:Vibrato systems
2089:Prepared guitar
2060:List of guitars
2026:
2002:Six-string alto
1935:
1826:
1721:
1656:
1651:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1561:Bulat Okudzhava
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1448:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1379:
1378:
1371:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1233:
1219:
1204:
1193:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1146:
1135:
1132:
1130:Further reading
1114:Music of Russia
1095:
1067:Vassily Sarenko
1043:
974:
962:Bulat Okudzhava
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
845:
825:
820:
814:
813:
810:
806:
801:
796:
792:
788:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
759:
755:
751:
748:Bulat Okudzhava
679:
670:
661:
645:
604:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:tuned in thirds
513:
509:
482:
474:
327:
318:
303:
291:
282:
269:
256:
247:6-string guitar
235:
197:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
102:6 string guitar
62:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3473:
3471:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3424:Vyazma pryanik
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3368:Filimonovo toy
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3337:
3335:Musical spoons
3332:
3330:Russian guitar
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3306:
3304:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3255:Podvorotnichok
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:Orenburg shawl
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3102:Filimonovo toy
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2992:Russian guitar
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2843:Musical tuning
2840:
2835:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2778:
2775:Russian open-G
2772:
2769:English open-C
2766:
2756:
2746:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2693:
2687:
2677:
2667:
2657:
2647:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2502:
2496:
2484:
2472:
2464:
2441:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2409:
2391:
2373:
2365:
2336:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2304:
2296:
2288:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2223:
2222:
2208:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2163:
2162:
2159:Guitar tunings
2157:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2099:Vintage guitar
2096:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2074:
2073:
2072:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2036:
2034:
2032:Related topics
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1740:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1607:External links
1605:
1602:
1601:
1576:
1549:
1537:
1526:
1515:
1504:
1493:
1482:
1457:
1432:
1421:
1412:
1369:
1362:Mottola, R.M.
1354:
1325:
1295:
1270:
1261:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1231:
1217:
1202:
1191:
1180:
1144:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1057:Sergei Orekhov
1054:
1052:Ignaz von Held
1049:
1042:
1039:
1031:Oleg Timofeyev
1012:Bulat Okudjava
985:Andrés Segovia
973:
970:
966:
965:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
844:
841:
823:
818:
808:
804:
799:
794:
790:
785:Sergey Nikitin
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
757:
753:
728:seventh chords
678:
675:
659:
644:
641:
603:
600:
599:
598:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
511:
507:
481:
478:
473:
470:
467:
466:
463:
460:
456:
455:
452:
449:
448:Fretboard type
445:
444:
441:
438:
434:
433:
430:
427:
423:
422:
419:
416:
412:
411:
408:
405:
401:
400:
397:
394:
390:
389:
386:
383:
379:
378:
375:
372:
368:
367:
364:
361:
360:Length of body
357:
356:
353:
350:
349:Overall length
346:
345:
342:
339:
326:
323:
317:
314:
302:
299:
290:
287:
281:
278:
268:
265:
255:
252:
234:
231:
196:
193:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
130:English guitar
111:Russian guitar
105:
104:
94:
93:
87:
86:
76:
75:
69:
68:
59:
53:
52:
47:
45:Classification
41:
40:
34:
33:
30:
20:Russian guitar
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3472:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3378:Kargopol toys
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3172:Faceted glass
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3144:Russian icons
3142:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3046:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2911:
2909:
2904:
2902:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2881:
2873:
2871:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2804:Miscellaneous
2801:
2797:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2597:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2488:
2485:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2445:
2442:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2395:
2392:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2340:
2337:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2118:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:Manufacturing
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2050:Guitar wiring
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2022:Viola caipira
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:Chapman Stick
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Chapman Stick
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:Semi-acoustic
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1402:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:9780253353917
1224:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:Andrei Sychra
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1038:
1037:(1888−1963).
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
997:Elvis Presley
994:
989:
986:
981:
979:
971:
969:
963:
935:
932:
904:
877:
850:
849:
848:
842:
840:
837:
833:
828:
821:
802:
786:
765:
749:
745:
739:
737:
734:, actually a
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
694:open G tuning
690:
683:
676:
674:
667:
666:
665:The Muscovite
658:
653:
651:
642:
640:
638:
634:
629:
626:
621:
617:
608:
601:
569:
568:
567:
517:
505:
501:
497:
488:
484:
479:
477:
471:
465:annual rings
464:
462:round corners
461:
458:
457:
453:
450:
447:
446:
442:
439:
436:
435:
431:
428:
425:
424:
420:
417:
414:
413:
409:
406:
404:Depth of body
403:
402:
398:
395:
392:
391:
387:
384:
381:
380:
376:
373:
370:
369:
365:
362:
359:
358:
354:
351:
348:
347:
343:
340:
338:
337:
334:
331:
324:
322:
315:
313:
310:
307:
300:
298:
296:
288:
286:
279:
277:
274:
266:
264:
260:
253:
251:
248:
239:
232:
230:
228:
224:
223:Russian bards
219:
216:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:Andrei Sychra
194:
192:
159:
148:
136:
131:
127:
126:organological
123:
119:
116:
112:
103:
99:
95:
92:
88:
82:
77:
74:
73:Playing range
70:
66:
60:
58:
54:
51:
48:
46:
42:
39:
35:
28:
23:
3419:Tula pryanik
3373:Dymkovo toys
3329:
3260:Russian lace
3215:Gymnastyorka
3177:Podstakannik
2991:
2824:Steel guitar
2781:Minor thirds
2759:Major thirds
2690:New standard
2660:Major thirds
2650:Minor thirds
2593:
2584:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2528:
2520:
2505:
2498:
2486:
2474:
2467:
2443:
2431:
2418:
2411:
2393:
2375:
2368:
2338:
2320:
2308:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2070:experimental
1849:
1743:steel-string
1592:. Retrieved
1588:
1579:
1560:
1557:Dmitry Bykov
1552:
1540:
1529:
1518:
1507:
1496:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1469:
1460:
1449:. Retrieved
1445:
1435:
1424:
1415:
1389:. Retrieved
1385:
1357:
1345:. Retrieved
1342:Academia.edu
1341:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:the original
1307:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1238:
1207:
1196:
1185:
1172:. Retrieved
1156:
1152:
1138:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1001:
990:
982:
975:
967:
846:
829:
811:
797:
760:
740:
725:
720:
716:
712:
708:
702:
698:barre chords
691:
688:
672:
663:
655:
646:
630:
613:
493:
483:
475:
382:Width, waist
332:
328:
325:Measurements
319:
311:
308:
304:
292:
283:
273:machine head
270:
261:
257:
244:
233:Construction
220:
217:
213:Soviet Union
198:
110:
108:
3409:Fabergé egg
3363:Cheburashka
3340:Treshchotka
3302:instruments
3225:Kosovorotka
3076:handicrafts
2951:Treshchotka
2819:Bass guitar
2670:All fourths
2564:-A-D-F♯-A-D
1748:dreadnought
999:developed.
968:and so on.
836:fingerstyle
289:Fingerboard
153:семиструнка
147:semistrunka
65:chordophone
63:(Composite
3439:Categories
3280:Telnyashka
3265:Sailor cap
3250:Peaked cap
2929:Percussion
2720:Repetitive
2696:All fifths
2556:-G-C-G-C-E
2508:-G-D-G-B-D
2501:-F-C-F-A-C
2470:-C-G-C-E-G
2421:-B-D-G-B-D
2414:-A-C-F-A-C
2371:-E-G-C-E-G
2239:Repetitive
1947:Bajo sexto
1931:Multi-neck
1563:. Moscow:
1451:2020-08-11
1247:References
1218:0253353912
972:Popularity
902:(no low G)
711:and again
620:Waldzither
602:Derivation
472:Handedness
205:Stellovsky
3388:Petrushka
3310:Balalaika
3220:Kokoshnik
3205:Budenovka
3159:Tableware
3112:Khokhloma
2967:Balalaika
2946:Washboard
2628:semitones
2523:-C♯-E-A-E
2244:Overtones
2191:Nashville
2040:Amplifier
1982:Guitalele
1940:Ancillary
1807:Resonator
1792:Lap steel
1762:Classical
1710:Guitarist
1673:Harmonics
1174:9 October
1165:1041-7176
732:root note
650:arpeggios
502:with one
459:Neck type
215:in 1926.
3275:Stalinka
3200:Afghanka
3192:Clothing
3074:Russian
3033:Zhaleika
2880:Category
2596:-D-G-B-D
2587:-C-F-A-F
2575:♯
2546:♯
2540:♯
2534:♯
2492:♯
2489:-E-B-E-G
2480:♯
2477:-D-A-D-F
2461:♯
2455:♯
2449:♯
2437:♯
2434:-A-E-A-C
2405:♯
2399:♯
2387:♯
2381:♯
2362:♯
2356:♯
2350:♯
2344:♯
2332:♯
2326:♯
2181:Standard
2117:Category
1997:Requinto
1972:Craviola
1952:Baritone
1845:Armónico
1812:Romantic
1802:Requinto
1782:Fretless
1777:Flat top
1772:Flamenco
1767:Electric
1733:Acoustic
1594:19 April
1475:19 April
1401:cite web
1391:19 April
1347:19 April
1318:19 April
1288:19 April
1237:(1999).
1093:See also
815:♭
721:E (root)
713:E (root)
660:—
115:acoustic
3414:Shashka
3300:Musical
3290:Valenki
3285:Ushanka
3270:Sarafan
3182:Samovar
3028:Volynka
2739:Trivial
2727:pitches
2624:Regular
2171:General
2065:Luthier
1889:English
1879:Baroque
1850:Russian
1757:Archtop
1705:Tunings
1688:Picking
1661:Playing
1654:Guitars
1470:Lute.ru
1019:roubles
993:Beatles
832:vibrato
705:tighter
618:of the
616:cittern
558:, and D
542:, and B
500:fourths
496:G-major
454:radial
316:Strings
229:lines.
209:Gutheil
195:History
61:321.321
3315:Garmon
3230:Kaftan
3210:French
3023:Rozhok
3018:Svirel
3013:Garmon
2960:String
2941:Spoons
2692:(7, 3)
2640:Unison
2572:-B-E-G
2402:-B-E-G
2384:-A-D-F
2329:-E-A-C
2235:Tuning
2186:DADGAD
2012:Timple
1977:Cuatro
1862:Brahms
1822:Hybrid
1797:Parlor
1700:Rhythm
1668:Chords
1571:
1225:
1215:
1163:
1157:Number
1104:Guitar
480:Tuning
158:open G
122:Russia
3397:Other
3325:Bayan
3320:Gusli
3235:Lapti
3097:Gzhel
2982:Gusli
2977:Gudok
2972:Domra
2936:Buben
2307:Open
2299:Open
2291:Open
2283:Open
2275:Open
2267:Open
2259:Open
2248:Other
2214:Slide
2007:Tenor
1992:Rajão
1894:Yepes
1693:strum
637:Mainz
254:Types
3404:Izba
3350:Toys
3001:Wind
2870:List
2814:Terz
2724:open
2578:-B-E
2543:-B-D
2537:-B-F
2452:-B-D
2446:-B-F
2353:-B-D
2216:and
2210:Open
2017:Tres
1987:Lyre
1957:Bass
1926:Harp
1715:list
1683:Lead
1678:Jazz
1596:2021
1569:ISBN
1477:2021
1407:link
1393:2021
1349:2021
1320:2021
1290:2021
1223:ISBN
1213:ISBN
1176:2012
1161:ISSN
995:and
719:and
692:The
633:Lute
625:Elbe
451:flat
301:Body
280:Neck
267:Head
109:The
2777:(3)
2771:(3)
738:).
635:in
566:):
534:, G
526:, B
3441::
2832:E9
2830:,
2828:C6
2592:D-
2583:C-
2531:-F
2519:E-
2495:-B
2483:-A
2458:-F
2440:-E
2408:-B
2396:-G
2390:-A
2378:-F
2359:-F
2347:-F
2341:-D
2335:-E
2323:-C
1921:25
1916:14
1911:13
1906:12
1901:11
1874:10
1587:.
1559:,
1468:.
1444:.
1403:}}
1399:{{
1384:.
1372:^
1340:.
1328:^
1306:.
1281:.
1221:.
1167:.
1155:.
1151:.
827:.
652::
562:–G
554:–G
546:–D
538:–B
530:–D
522:–B
518:(G
510:–B
506:(G
100:,
3067:e
3060:t
3053:v
2914:e
2907:t
2900:v
2834:)
2826:(
2787:)
2785:4
2783:(
2765:)
2763:3
2761:(
2755:)
2753:2
2751:(
2745:)
2743:1
2741:(
2729:)
2722:(
2702:)
2700:7
2698:(
2686:)
2684:6
2682:(
2676:)
2674:5
2672:(
2666:)
2664:4
2662:(
2656:)
2654:3
2652:(
2646:)
2644:0
2642:(
2630:)
2626:(
2594:G
2585:F
2570:E
2562:D
2554:C
2529:B
2521:A
2506:G
2499:F
2487:E
2475:D
2468:C
2444:B
2432:A
2419:G
2412:F
2394:E
2376:D
2369:C
2339:B
2321:A
2309:G
2301:F
2293:E
2285:D
2277:C
2269:B
2261:A
2220:)
2212:(
2151:e
2144:t
2137:v
1869:9
1857:8
1840:7
1646:e
1639:t
1632:v
1598:.
1479:.
1454:.
1409:)
1395:.
1366:.
1351:.
1322:.
1292:.
1229:.
1178:.
958:4
956:D
954:3
952:B
950:3
948:G
946:2
944:B
942:2
940:G
938:2
936:D
933:)
927:4
925:D
923:3
921:B
919:3
917:G
915:3
913:D
911:2
909:G
907:2
905:D
900:4
898:D
896:3
894:B
892:3
890:G
888:3
886:D
884:2
882:B
880:2
878:D
873:4
871:D
869:3
867:B
865:3
863:G
861:3
859:D
857:2
855:B
853:2
851:G
824:4
822:D
819:3
812:B
809:3
807:G
805:3
803:D
800:3
798:C
795:2
793:G
791:2
789:D
780:4
778:D
776:3
774:B
772:3
770:G
768:3
766:D
763:3
761:C
758:2
756:G
754:2
752:D
596:4
594:D
592:3
590:B
588:3
586:G
584:3
582:D
580:2
578:B
576:2
574:G
572:2
570:D
564:3
560:3
556:2
552:2
548:3
544:3
540:3
536:3
532:3
528:2
524:2
520:2
512:3
508:3
188:4
186:D
184:3
182:B
180:3
178:G
176:3
174:D
172:2
170:B
168:2
166:G
164:2
162:D
150:(
138:(
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
