816:. The reforms of 2008 reduced this number to 500. The problems with this began when the search started for alternative owners. Mostly the local councils were obliged to take them over but this created problems that made local councils reluctant. There was no decent oversight over the residents, many towns contained large criminal or destitute people that the local law enforcement was unable to touch, since the closed establishment was under military jurisdiction. The residential and infrastructure was in a poor condition and locals councils did not have resources to repair. As long as these towns were under the control of the military, residents from these establishments could make written complaints. Most complaints disappeared, were ignored or simply received no reply. Complaining was useless and responsible people with power to change anything were not reachable. Local councils, who after Serdyukov's reforms had to take over, are reachable. Considering the residents of these towns also gained right to participate local elections after military's withdrawal, most of the local councils management did not want to take them over.
755:, who was appointed as the new Commander-in-Chief of the VDV in May 2009 and who generally supported the reform programme, cancelled all cuts and changes in the VDV and announced that the airborne troops would be reinforced. Serdyukov announced that he did not see the need to create independent rapid-reaction forces. "The Armed Forces already have such units in the VDV. They will be strengthened, and each military district will have an Airborne brigade to carry out urgent missions and operations under unpredictable circumstances." The divisions were strengthened and there are now four independent airborne/air-assault brigades.
135:('Urgent Tasks for the Development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation'), the latter of which was very similar to the 2008 programme, as it emphasised the need for reductions in personnel strength, a gradual decrease in the use of conscripts in favour of professional soldiers, the creation of a professional NCO corps and drastic changes to officer training and education. The 2003 program moved at a very slow pace, mainly due to the unwillingness of the military to reform.
694:(VMF) units were to be cut almost by half, from 240 to 123 units. The navy's fighting capability would be bolstered by bringing various units to their full wartime strength. Other planned changes were the offloading of non-military assets such as housing, the outsourcing of some jobs to civilian contractors and a reduction of the number of non-combat officers. The Fleets were subordinated to the new Operational Strategic Commands, the
1596:
804:
facilities would become affiliates of these ten centers; decisions regarding potential closures were to be taken later. Serdyukov affirmed that the entire faculty of military institutes would be preserved and absorbed into the new system and that only the managerial layer would be reduced. He also said that many formerly military specialisations, such as lawyers, would now be educated at civilian facilities.
849:. Since 1991, there had been many plans to reform the Russian military to post-Soviet level and make it more suitable for Russian national defence needs but resistance from the General Staff and existing structures, most of them were implemented only by name. The reforms of 2008 was the first clearly implemented reform where the General Staff's resistance was broken.
373:
sergeants into the system would take not 3 to 4 years as envisaged, but at least 10 to 15. This delay could undermine reform by creating problems with management and the manning of those combat arms where a relatively high percentage of officers are involved in the direct operation of military equipment, such as the submarine fleet and air defence forces.
30:
574:. The number of military units and formations in the Ground Forces were to be reduced from 1,890 to 172 within three years. The original four-link command and control system (military district – army – division – regiment) was replaced by a three-link system (military district – operational command – brigade).
803:
schools – and institutes) would be reduced by 2012 to just ten "systemic institutions", three research and teaching centers, six academies and one university. The new institutions would train officers and conduct research. They would be established according to territory, not combat arm. For now, all
733:
and the support units were reorganised into 13 air bases, which were merged into territorially integrated structures in a second stage. As is the case for the reformed Air Force, each new air base consisted of an HQ, support units, and one or more aviation groups (the former air bases). Several units
873:
that did have a risk occurring once in a while. Before the 2008 reforms
Russian military industry used 150,000 tons of ammunition a year. By 2011, there were 4.5 million tons of obsolete ammunition in storage at ammunition depots. Some of the obsolete ammunition in storage were made in the 1920s for
717:
Under the State
Armament Program, 100 warships would be procured by 2020. The purchase of 20 submarines, 35 corvettes, and 15 frigates was planned. The Navy's schools and research institutes were merged into a territorially distributed Naval Academy Research and Training Center which consists of the
553:
and
Tajikistan, and 12 independent brigades. Out of those 24 divisions, only 5 motorised rifle-divisions were at full strength in 2008. Only about 13 per cent of the army units could be deemed permanently combat-ready. It was announced that every tank or motorised rifle division would be split, as a
527:
up for sale, e.g., Moscow MD headquarters (Polina
Osipenko Street, Moscow), Far East MD headquarters (Seryshev Street, Khabarovsk). The initial asking prices for these buildings and land will be several billion U.S. dollars. As long planned, proceeds from these sales, along with the sale of the Navy
367:
An important element of the reforms was the creation of a professional NCO corps. Such a corps would serve as the basis for soldier training and military discipline. The NCO corps was to consist of specialists with almost 3 years (2 years and 10 months) of training. The first new NCO Training Centre
868:
led the investigation and concluded
Ekaterinburg "did not unload the ammunition set for repair: there were torpedoes on it, and regular ballistic missiles". Part of the reason for Moscow's dissatisfaction was that funds had been released to remove the armaments from Ekaterinburg for the duration of
738:
changed their status. The 61st
Separate Naval Infantry Brigade of the Northern Fleet became a regiment, the 810th Regiment of the Black Sea Fleet became a brigade, the 55th Division of the Pacific Fleet was disbanded and replaced by the 155th Separate Naval Infantry Brigade and the 77th Brigade of
677:
All the air defence divisions and corps of the Air
Defence Forces (PVO), which were part of the Air Force since 1998, were disbanded and replaced by 13 aerospace defence brigades. These new brigades were distributed among the seven commands and consist of fighter aviation air bases, SAM regiments,
824:
Despite significant increases in defence spending before
Serdyukov became defence minister, the better funding was not visible because it had vaporised. Apparently Serdyukov's first task was to establish control over finance, explaining why he created a financial control department in the MoD and
143:
An essential part of the military reform was the reduction in the size of the armed forces. By the beginning of the reform, there were about 1.13 million active personnel in the
Russian Armed Forces. The planned reduction to 1 million servicemen was to be advanced from 2016 to 2022. Most of the
372:
Institute for
Airborne Troops. The future NCOs would occupy the posts of commanders and deputy commanders of motor rifle, reconnaissance, airborne and motor transport platoons, as well as company and battery first sergeants. It was planned to have 2,000 candidates annually. The introduction of
354:
On April 4, 2011, General-Colonel Vasily Smirnov, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, said that the reformed forces would consist of 220,000 officers, 425,000 contract servicemen and 300,000 conscript soldiers. The cutting of the officer corps later contributed to officer shortages during the
878:
tanks, that had been retired. By the end of 2012, Russian military training fields had been blown up with 3.6 million tons of this ammo. Russia's military industry, which had been responsible for storing this ammunition, did not like this since it proved to be a detriment to their business.
864:. As per some date, three fires happened on that day and the last one went out of control, creating a dangerous incident with the weaponry on board, including nuclear weapons. Officials initially claimed that all weaponry was moved from the Ekaterinburg beforehand but Deputy Prime Minister
590:(those with 24 combat aircraft per regiment). The new organisation of the VVS established the Air Base as the basic structural element. Each air base would include an HQ, 1 to 7 air squadrons (or aviation groups), an airfield service battalion and communication units. The
558:
near Moscow. By the end of 2009, 23 of the 24 divisions had been disbanded and their elements were used to create 4 tank brigades, 35 motorised rifle brigades (10 of which were existing) and one "fortifications" brigade. All the brigades are permanent-readiness forces.
528:
Main Staff, military educational institutions, and other military establishments in Moscow, are supposed to fund construction of housing for servicemen as well as military garrison infrastructure in new army deployment locations.
75:
Significant reforms of the Russian military were announced in October 2008 under Serdyukov and structural reorganisation began in early 2009. The aims of the reform were to reorganise the structure and the
1438:
436:
In mid 2010, a reorganisation was announced which would consolidate military districts and the navy's fleets into four Joint Strategic Commands (OSK). Geographically divided, the four commands would be
787:
The centralisation and cutting of the military education system was closely related to reductions to the officer corps. The Russian military education system had been based upon the previous set of
845:
style of cutting power from the General Staff. Serdyukov's next step was to reduce massive maintenance costs since the Russian military before the reforms was essentially a smaller version of the
830:
751:(VDV) into 7 to 8 air-assault brigades, among a number of other cuts and changes which drew fierce protests from reserve and active airborne troopers who feared a loss of status. General
1621:
1302:
1206:
144:
reductions fell on the officer corps. They used to account for about one third of the total strength of the Armed Forces, this was to be reduced to 15 per cent.
1463:
586:(VVS) were to be reduced from 340 to 180. The number of air bases would be reduced from 245 to 52. The Air Force planned to eliminate the reduced, two-squadron
1387:
666:
555:
1220:
896:
1332:
1257:
662:
642:
632:
511:
1358:
1150:
853:
546:
1509:
1027:
567:
1181:
1504:
1382:
1418:
1413:
602:
405:
1488:
1443:
587:
411:
1394:
1566:
869:
repairs but these most likely disappeared. Another issue was ammunition storage and ammunition dump explosions, such as the
652:
1514:
1430:
1399:
1325:
423:
852:
There were multiple samples of the mismanagement of funds under the General Staff. The most famous incident was with the
812:
When Serdyukov became Minister of Defence, Russia had 27,000 fortified settlements–military bases, that were in practice
545:, 3 tank divisions, 16 motorised rifle divisions and 5 machine-gun artillery divisions, as well as two division-strength
1352:
1641:
626:
550:
393:
1468:
1365:
838:
457:
429:
417:
1651:
1646:
1458:
1063:
978:
788:
679:
487:
476:
442:
1002:
1636:
1599:
1318:
826:
399:
97:
952:
1285:"Russian Military Reform as a Large-Scale Military Reform: Internal Balancing and State-Building (1991-2017)"
1631:
1626:
900:
796:
764:
748:
719:
682:
and Zhukovskiy air force academies were merged into the new Zhukovskiy–Gagarin Air Force Academy in Monino.
606:
1120:
1560:
842:
735:
730:
711:
495:
243:
722:, the Higher Special Officer Courses, five naval research institutes, three MOD research institutes, the
1483:
1296:
800:
723:
538:
382:
128:
120:
1238:
833:
further since traditionally everything defence related was under the General Staff's control. General
1006:
870:
776:
591:
69:
566:(separate), with several units retaining the "Guards" honorific. The only remaining division is the
93:
centralising officer training from 65 military schools into 10 'systemic' military training centres;
846:
542:
356:
1532:
1448:
207:
837:'s dismissal from the General Staff, implementing reforms in 2008 and the promotion of General
1146:
752:
595:
583:
386:
261:
65:
33:
1185:
792:
707:
598:
HQs were disbanded. The Air Bases receive their orders from the seven new Aviation Commands
469:
446:
77:
57:
45:
767:(RVSN) were to be reduced to eight missile divisions in place of twelve missile divisions.
1341:
1095:
834:
703:
465:
1585:
1478:
865:
695:
503:
132:
17:
554:
rule, into two brigades. This process began in October 2008 with the splitting of the
1615:
1405:
656:
646:
620:
616:
610:
571:
480:
461:
124:
1571:
813:
699:
691:
670:
636:
450:
314:
225:
1221:"Russia's "New Look" Military Reforms and Their Impact on Russian Foreign Policy"
524:
515:
491:
334:
279:
1473:
820:
Bringing finances under control and reducing the power of the General Staff
523:
Serdyukov's Defense Ministry will also be putting some soon-to-be-vacant
1167:
1540:
189:
170:
112:
reorganising the reserves; reorganising the army into a brigade system;
29:
829:. This strained already explosive relations between Serdyukov and the
506:
more autonomy was made and a fifth strategic command was established,
1207:"You Won't Believe How Close Russia Came to Nuclear Disaster in 2011"
369:
115:
reorganising air forces into an air base system instead of regiments.
1284:
1310:
861:
28:
875:
36:
is widely regarded as an ideologist of the 2008 military reform.
1314:
1258:"If New Looks could kill: Russia's military capability in 2022"
953:"Russia To Continue Military Conscription For Next 10-15 Years"
87:
reducing the armed forces to a strength of one million by 2012;
857:
119:
There had previously been several reform attempts such as the
747:
Initially it was planned to change the four divisions of the
147:
The enlisted men were to be reduced according to the table:
83:
Elements of the reforms announced in October 2008 included:
518:), the Northern Fleet is the main component of the command.
149:
795:(15 academies, four universities, 46 colleges – including
897:"Reforming The Russian Military: Problems And Prospects"
106:
introducing more civilian logistics and auxiliary staff;
1168:"Vene armee, milleks? ‹ Ajaleht KesKus koduleht"
710:
are part of the Southern Military District, and the
1552:
1525:
1497:
1429:
1375:
1028:
Winners and Losers in Organizing New MDs and Armies
1289:Master's Thesis on International Strategic Studies
1239:"Russian army not fit for modern war: top general"
1182:"Diivanikaupmees seljatas kindrali – Diplomaatia"
1003:"Russian Military Plans New NCO Training Center"
702:are part of the Western Military District, the
521:
68:, was a major structural reorganisation of the
726:in St. Petersburg, and the Naval Cadet Corps.
655:of the Joint Strategic Command Center (former
332:
295:
259:
223:
187:
80:in the Russian Army and to reduce it in size.
1326:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
665:of the Joint Strategic Command South (former
603:Operative-Strategic Aerospace Defence Command
8:
1283:Dall', Augusto César (January 2019).
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1036:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
874:artillery and there was also ammunition for
645:of the Joint Strategic Command East (former
635:of the Joint Strategic Command West (former
1301:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1141:Åslund A., Guriev S. and Kuchins A. (2010)
1096:"Russian Navy to procure 100 ships by 2020"
1333:
1319:
1311:
714:is part of the Eastern Military District.
556:2nd Guards Tamanskaya Motor Rifle Division
109:elimination of cadre-strength formations;
103:reducing the size of the central command;
64:) after its originator, Defence Minister
860:, Ekaterinburg caught fire while in the
793:military institutions of higher learning
368:was established in December 2009 at the
1622:21st-century military history of Russia
1143:Russia after the global economic crisis
888:
161:
158:
155:
1294:
1085:Moscow Defense Brief #2, 2011 p. 18-22
1054:Moscow Defense Brief #2, 2010 p. 22–24
942:Moscow Defense Brief #2, 2009 p. 18-20
933:Moscow Defense Brief #4, 2008 p. 21-24
775:The number of units/formations of the
663:4th Air and Air Defence Forces Command
653:3rd Air and Air Defence Forces Command
643:2nd Air and Air Defence Forces Command
633:1st Air and Air Defence Forces Command
512:Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command
854:Russian submarine Ekaterinburg (K-84)
779:(KV) were to be reduced from 7 to 6.
7:
739:the Caspian Flotilla was disbanded.
856:. On 29 December 2011 around 12:20
568:18th Machine Gun Artillery Division
562:Almost all brigades are now called
50:2008 Реформа Вооружённых сил России
1145:The Russia Balance Sheet Project.
1121:"Shurygin on the VDV's Discontent"
979:"Why Russia Keeps Losing Generals"
791:. Serdyukov announced that the 65
502:In 2014, the decision to give the
25:
475:Joint Strategic Command Center –
1595:
1594:
1225:The International Affairs Review
825:staffed it with people from the
510:Joint strategic Command North –
456:Joint Strategic Command South –
412:North Caucasus Military District
90:reducing the number of officers;
486:Joint Strategic Command East –
441:Joint Strategic Command West –
151:
1464:Amendments to the Constitution
629:Command (former 61st Air Army)
1:
1359:37th Prime Minister of Russia
1026:Russian Defence Policy blog,
977:Wright, Austin (2024-05-22).
594:uses the same structure. All
424:Far Eastern Military District
783:Reform of military education
537:Before the 2008 reform, the
406:Volga–Ural Military District
311:
277:
241:
205:
168:
52:), often referred to as the
42:2008 Russian military reform
1439:List of international trips
627:Military Transport Aviation
617:Long Range Aviation Command
582:The number of units in the
394:Leningrad Military District
1668:
1567:2017–2018 Russian protests
1469:Skolkovo Innovation Center
1383:2008 presidential election
957:asian-defence.blogspot.com
839:Nikolay Yegorovich Makarov
458:Southern Military District
430:Kaliningrad Special Region
418:Siberian Military District
1580:
1348:
1064:Gagarin Air Force Academy
808:Closure of military towns
789:Soviet military academies
678:and radar regiments. The
488:Eastern Military District
477:Central Military District
443:Western Military District
153:Category of military men
152:
61:
49:
1600:Category:Dmitry Medvedev
1489:Anti-corruption campaign
827:Federal Taxation Service
400:Moscow Military District
385:were divided into seven
164:
96:creating a professional
1353:3rd President of Russia
1281:Dall'Agnol, Augusto C.
765:Strategic Rocket Forces
759:Strategic Rocket Forces
749:Russian Airborne Troops
607:Special Purpose Command
453:and Kaliningrad region;
381:From 1992 to 2010, the
123:under defence minister
18:Russian military reform
1561:He Is Not Dimon to You
1410:Legislative elections
862:floating drydock PD-50
843:salami slicing tactics
736:Russian Naval Infantry
530:
37:
1364:Vice Chairman of the
724:Nakhimov Naval School
539:Russian Ground Forces
383:Russian Ground Forces
32:
1449:War in South Ossetia
1376:Political activities
1007:Jamestown Foundation
871:Severomorsk Disaster
777:Russian Space Forces
592:Belarusian Air Force
72:that began in 2009.
70:Russian Armed Forces
1209:. 27 February 2018.
847:Soviet Armed Forces
357:Russo-Ukrainian War
1642:Military of Russia
1586:← Vladimir Putin →
1533:Svetlana Medvedeva
588:aviation regiments
432:. (formed in 1997)
387:military districts
377:Military districts
208:Lieutenant colonel
156:September 1, 2008
139:Personnel strength
38:
1609:
1608:
1479:Time zones reform
1459:2008–09 recession
1151:978-0-88132-497-6
753:Vladimir Shamanov
596:Aviation Division
584:Russian Air Force
494:), including the
464:), including the
449:), including the
352:
351:
297:Officers in total
262:Senior lieutenant
162:Planned for 2012
159:December 1, 2009
66:Anatoly Serdyukov
62:Реформа Сердюкова
34:Anatoly Serdyukov
16:(Redirected from
1659:
1652:Reform in Russia
1647:Military reforms
1598:
1597:
1545:
1537:
1366:Security Council
1335:
1328:
1321:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1292:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1211:
1210:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1184:. Archived from
1178:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1153:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1117:
1111:
1110:
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1092:
1086:
1083:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1031:
1030:, 25 August 2010
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
999:
993:
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989:
974:
968:
967:
965:
963:
949:
943:
940:
934:
931:
912:
911:
909:
908:
899:. Archived from
893:
708:Caspian Flotilla
470:Caspian Flotilla
447:Saint Petersburg
150:
78:chain of command
63:
54:Serdyukov reform
51:
21:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1637:Dmitry Medvedev
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1576:
1548:
1543:
1535:
1521:
1493:
1454:Military reform
1425:
1371:
1344:
1342:Dmitry Medvedev
1339:
1293:
1282:
1278:
1276:Further reading
1266:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1246:
1237:
1229:
1227:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1200:
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1189:
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1156:
1140:
1136:
1126:
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1119:
1118:
1114:
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1094:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1069:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1034:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1001:
1000:
996:
987:
985:
976:
975:
971:
961:
959:
951:
950:
946:
941:
937:
932:
915:
906:
904:
895:
894:
890:
885:
835:Yuri Baluyevsky
822:
810:
785:
773:
761:
745:
743:Airborne Troops
704:Black Sea Fleet
688:
580:
535:
466:Black Sea Fleet
379:
365:
141:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1665:
1663:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1632:2009 in Russia
1629:
1627:2008 in Russia
1624:
1614:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1590:
1589:
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1523:
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1515:Pension reform
1510:Second Cabinet
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
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1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
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1427:
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1416:
1408:
1404:Leadership of
1402:
1397:
1392:
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1379:
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1315:
1309:
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1277:
1274:
1273:
1272:
1254:
1235:
1219:Kyle, Joseph.
1213:
1212:
1198:
1173:
1154:
1134:
1123:. Nov 12, 2010
1112:
1087:
1067:
1056:
1032:
1019:
994:
983:Foreign Policy
969:
944:
935:
913:
887:
886:
884:
881:
866:Dmitry Rogozin
821:
818:
809:
806:
784:
781:
772:
769:
760:
757:
744:
741:
731:Naval Aviation
690:The number of
687:
684:
675:
674:
671:5th Air Armies
660:
650:
640:
630:
624:
614:
579:
576:
547:military bases
534:
531:
520:
519:
504:Northern Fleet
500:
499:
484:
473:
454:
434:
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427:
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409:
403:
397:
378:
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133:Vladimir Putin
129:2003 programme
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24:
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1444:Modernisation
1442:
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1432:
1428:
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1412:
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1409:
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1406:United Russia
1403:
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1199:
1188:on 2020-06-19
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903:on 2018-05-04
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831:General Staff
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720:Naval Academy
715:
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712:Pacific Fleet
709:
705:
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700:Baltic Fleets
697:
693:
685:
683:
681:
672:
668:
664:
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657:14th Air Army
654:
651:
648:
647:11th Air Army
644:
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638:
634:
631:
628:
625:
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621:37th Air Army
618:
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612:
611:16th Air Army
608:
604:
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572:Kuril Islands
569:
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560:
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533:Ground Forces
532:
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478:
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471:
467:
463:
462:Rostov-on-Don
459:
455:
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448:
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148:
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131:of President
130:
126:
125:Igor Sergeyev
122:
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31:
27:
19:
1593:
1584:
1572:Tandemocracy
1559:
1544:(family cat)
1453:
1395:Inauguration
1297:cite journal
1288:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:
1247:. Retrieved
1245:. 2008-12-16
1242:
1228:. Retrieved
1224:
1201:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:the original
1176:
1142:
1137:
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1115:
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1090:
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901:the original
891:
851:
823:
814:closed towns
811:
786:
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771:Space Forces
762:
746:
728:
716:
692:Russian Navy
689:
676:
637:6th Air Army
581:
563:
561:
541:(SV) had 24
536:
522:
501:
451:Baltic Fleet
435:
380:
366:
353:
315:Praporshchik
313:
146:
142:
118:
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1498:Premiership
1361:(2012–2020)
1355:(2008–2012)
1100:rusnavy.com
525:real estate
516:Severomorsk
165:Difference
1616:Categories
1431:Presidency
1400:Presidency
1267:2022-06-04
1249:2022-06-04
1230:2022-06-04
1192:2020-06-19
988:2024-05-17
907:2011-08-12
883:References
578:Air Forces
492:Khabarovsk
335:Midshipman
280:Lieutenant
1474:New START
564:otdelnaya
543:divisions
363:NCO corps
121:1997 plan
1553:See also
1536:(spouse)
1388:campaign
801:Nakhimov
696:Northern
619:(former
605:(former
127:and the
1541:Dorofei
1368:(2020–)
1307:(2019).
1243:Reuters
1127:Aug 15,
1105:Aug 15,
1012:Aug 15,
962:Aug 15,
797:Suvorov
734:of the
680:Gagarin
570:on the
551:Armenia
514:(HQ in
490:(HQ in
479:(HQ in
460:(HQ in
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305:142,000
300:365,000
244:Captain
190:Colonel
171:General
58:Russian
46:Russian
1526:Family
1149:
841:was a
370:Ryazan
348:−100%
339:50,000
329:−100%
320:90,000
289:26,000
284:20,000
271:35,000
266:30,000
253:40,000
248:90,000
235:30,000
230:99,550
212:19,300
194:15,365
100:corps;
308:−61%
292:+30%
274:+17%
256:−56%
238:−70%
226:Major
220:−61%
217:7,500
202:−80%
199:3,114
184:−22%
175:1,107
1419:2021
1414:2016
1303:link
1262:IISS
1147:ISBN
1129:2022
1107:2022
1014:2022
964:2022
876:T-34
799:and
763:The
729:The
706:and
698:and
686:Navy
669:and
609:and
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667:4th
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178:780
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