826:. The reforms of 2008 reduced this number to 500. The problems with this began when the search started for alternative owners. Mostly the local councils were obliged to take them over but this created problems that made local councils reluctant. There was no decent oversight over the residents, many towns contained large criminal or destitute people that the local law enforcement was unable to touch, since the closed establishment was under military jurisdiction. The residential and infrastructure was in a poor condition and locals councils did not have resources to repair. As long as these towns were under the control of the military, residents from these establishments could make written complaints. Most complaints disappeared, were ignored or simply received no reply. Complaining was useless and responsible people with power to change anything were not reachable. Local councils, who after Serdyukov's reforms had to take over, are reachable. Considering the residents of these towns also gained right to participate local elections after military's withdrawal, most of the local councils management did not want to take them over.
765:, who was appointed as the new Commander-in-Chief of the VDV in May 2009 and who generally supported the reform programme, cancelled all cuts and changes in the VDV and announced that the airborne troops would be reinforced. Serdyukov announced that he did not see the need to create independent rapid-reaction forces. "The Armed Forces already have such units in the VDV. They will be strengthened, and each military district will have an Airborne brigade to carry out urgent missions and operations under unpredictable circumstances." The divisions were strengthened and there are now four independent airborne/air-assault brigades.
145:('Urgent Tasks for the Development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation'), the latter of which was very similar to the 2008 programme, as it emphasised the need for reductions in personnel strength, a gradual decrease in the use of conscripts in favour of professional soldiers, the creation of a professional NCO corps and drastic changes to officer training and education. The 2003 program moved at a very slow pace, mainly due to the unwillingness of the military to reform.
704:(VMF) units were to be cut almost by half, from 240 to 123 units. The navy's fighting capability would be bolstered by bringing various units to their full wartime strength. Other planned changes were the offloading of non-military assets such as housing, the outsourcing of some jobs to civilian contractors and a reduction of the number of non-combat officers. The Fleets were subordinated to the new Operational Strategic Commands, the
1606:
814:
facilities would become affiliates of these ten centers; decisions regarding potential closures were to be taken later. Serdyukov affirmed that the entire faculty of military institutes would be preserved and absorbed into the new system and that only the managerial layer would be reduced. He also said that many formerly military specialisations, such as lawyers, would now be educated at civilian facilities.
859:. Since 1991, there had been many plans to reform the Russian military to post-Soviet level and make it more suitable for Russian national defence needs but resistance from the General Staff and existing structures, most of them were implemented only by name. The reforms of 2008 was the first clearly implemented reform where the General Staff's resistance was broken.
383:
sergeants into the system would take not 3 to 4 years as envisaged, but at least 10 to 15. This delay could undermine reform by creating problems with management and the manning of those combat arms where a relatively high percentage of officers are involved in the direct operation of military equipment, such as the submarine fleet and air defence forces.
30:
584:. The number of military units and formations in the Ground Forces were to be reduced from 1,890 to 172 within three years. The original four-link command and control system (military district – army – division – regiment) was replaced by a three-link system (military district – operational command – brigade).
813:
schools – and institutes) would be reduced by 2012 to just ten "systemic institutions", three research and teaching centers, six academies and one university. The new institutions would train officers and conduct research. They would be established according to territory, not combat arm. For now, all
743:
and the support units were reorganised into 13 air bases, which were merged into territorially integrated structures in a second stage. As is the case for the reformed Air Force, each new air base consisted of an HQ, support units, and one or more aviation groups (the former air bases). Several units
883:
that did have a risk occurring once in a while. Before the 2008 reforms
Russian military industry used 150,000 tons of ammunition a year. By 2011, there were 4.5 million tons of obsolete ammunition in storage at ammunition depots. Some of the obsolete ammunition in storage were made in the 1920s for
727:
Under the State
Armament Program, 100 warships would be procured by 2020. The purchase of 20 submarines, 35 corvettes, and 15 frigates was planned. The Navy's schools and research institutes were merged into a territorially distributed Naval Academy Research and Training Center which consists of the
563:
and
Tajikistan, and 12 independent brigades. Out of those 24 divisions, only 5 motorised rifle-divisions were at full strength in 2008. Only about 13 per cent of the army units could be deemed permanently combat-ready. It was announced that every tank or motorised rifle division would be split, as a
537:
up for sale, e.g., Moscow MD headquarters (Polina
Osipenko Street, Moscow), Far East MD headquarters (Seryshev Street, Khabarovsk). The initial asking prices for these buildings and land will be several billion U.S. dollars. As long planned, proceeds from these sales, along with the sale of the Navy
377:
An important element of the reforms was the creation of a professional NCO corps. Such a corps would serve as the basis for soldier training and military discipline. The NCO corps was to consist of specialists with almost 3 years (2 years and 10 months) of training. The first new NCO Training Centre
878:
led the investigation and concluded
Ekaterinburg "did not unload the ammunition set for repair: there were torpedoes on it, and regular ballistic missiles". Part of the reason for Moscow's dissatisfaction was that funds had been released to remove the armaments from Ekaterinburg for the duration of
748:
changed their status. The 61st
Separate Naval Infantry Brigade of the Northern Fleet became a regiment, the 810th Regiment of the Black Sea Fleet became a brigade, the 55th Division of the Pacific Fleet was disbanded and replaced by the 155th Separate Naval Infantry Brigade and the 77th Brigade of
687:
All the air defence divisions and corps of the Air
Defence Forces (PVO), which were part of the Air Force since 1998, were disbanded and replaced by 13 aerospace defence brigades. These new brigades were distributed among the seven commands and consist of fighter aviation air bases, SAM regiments,
834:
Despite significant increases in defence spending before
Serdyukov became defence minister, the better funding was not visible because it had vaporised. Apparently Serdyukov's first task was to establish control over finance, explaining why he created a financial control department in the MoD and
153:
An essential part of the military reform was the reduction in the size of the armed forces. By the beginning of the reform, there were about 1.13 million active personnel in the
Russian Armed Forces. The planned reduction to 1 million servicemen was to be advanced from 2016 to 2022. Most of the
382:
Institute for
Airborne Troops. The future NCOs would occupy the posts of commanders and deputy commanders of motor rifle, reconnaissance, airborne and motor transport platoons, as well as company and battery first sergeants. It was planned to have 2,000 candidates annually. The introduction of
364:
On April 4, 2011, General-Colonel Vasily Smirnov, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, said that the reformed forces would consist of 220,000 officers, 425,000 contract servicemen and 300,000 conscript soldiers. The cutting of the officer corps later contributed to officer shortages during the
888:
tanks, that had been retired. By the end of 2012, Russian military training fields had been blown up with 3.6 million tons of this ammo. Russia's military industry, which had been responsible for storing this ammunition, did not like this since it proved to be a detriment to their business.
874:. As per some date, three fires happened on that day and the last one went out of control, creating a dangerous incident with the weaponry on board, including nuclear weapons. Officials initially claimed that all weaponry was moved from the Ekaterinburg beforehand but Deputy Prime Minister
600:(those with 24 combat aircraft per regiment). The new organisation of the VVS established the Air Base as the basic structural element. Each air base would include an HQ, 1 to 7 air squadrons (or aviation groups), an airfield service battalion and communication units. The
568:
near Moscow. By the end of 2009, 23 of the 24 divisions had been disbanded and their elements were used to create 4 tank brigades, 35 motorised rifle brigades (10 of which were existing) and one "fortifications" brigade. All the brigades are permanent-readiness forces.
538:
Main Staff, military educational institutions, and other military establishments in Moscow, are supposed to fund construction of housing for servicemen as well as military garrison infrastructure in new army deployment locations.
85:
Significant reforms of the Russian military were announced in October 2008 under Serdyukov and structural reorganisation began in early 2009. The aims of the reform were to reorganise the structure and the
1448:
446:
In mid 2010, a reorganisation was announced which would consolidate military districts and the navy's fleets into four Joint Strategic Commands (OSK). Geographically divided, the four commands would be
797:
The centralisation and cutting of the military education system was closely related to reductions to the officer corps. The Russian military education system had been based upon the previous set of
855:
style of cutting power from the General Staff. Serdyukov's next step was to reduce massive maintenance costs since the Russian military before the reforms was essentially a smaller version of the
840:
761:(VDV) into 7 to 8 air-assault brigades, among a number of other cuts and changes which drew fierce protests from reserve and active airborne troopers who feared a loss of status. General
63:
46:
1631:
1312:
1216:
154:
reductions fell on the officer corps. They used to account for about one third of the total strength of the Armed Forces, this was to be reduced to 15 per cent.
1473:
596:(VVS) were to be reduced from 340 to 180. The number of air bases would be reduced from 245 to 52. The Air Force planned to eliminate the reduced, two-squadron
1397:
676:
565:
1230:
906:
1342:
1267:
672:
652:
642:
521:
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1160:
863:
556:
1519:
1037:
577:
1191:
1514:
1392:
1428:
1423:
612:
415:
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1576:
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repairs but these most likely disappeared. Another issue was ammunition storage and ammunition dump explosions, such as the
662:
1524:
1440:
1409:
1335:
433:
862:
There were multiple samples of the mismanagement of funds under the General Staff. The most famous incident was with the
822:
When Serdyukov became Minister of Defence, Russia had 27,000 fortified settlements–military bases, that were in practice
555:, 3 tank divisions, 16 motorised rifle divisions and 5 machine-gun artillery divisions, as well as two division-strength
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403:
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467:
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1012:
1646:
1609:
1328:
836:
409:
107:
962:
1295:"Russian Military Reform as a Large-Scale Military Reform: Internal Balancing and State-Building (1991-2017)"
1641:
1636:
910:
806:
774:
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729:
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and Zhukovskiy air force academies were merged into the new Zhukovskiy–Gagarin Air Force Academy in Monino.
616:
1130:
1570:
852:
745:
740:
721:
505:
253:
732:, the Higher Special Officer Courses, five naval research institutes, three MOD research institutes, the
1493:
1306:
810:
733:
548:
392:
138:
130:
1248:
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further since traditionally everything defence related was under the General Staff's control. General
1016:
880:
786:
601:
79:
576:(separate), with several units retaining the "Guards" honorific. The only remaining division is the
103:
centralising officer training from 65 military schools into 10 'systemic' military training centres;
856:
552:
366:
1542:
1458:
217:
847:'s dismissal from the General Staff, implementing reforms in 2008 and the promotion of General
1156:
762:
605:
593:
396:
271:
75:
33:
17:
1195:
802:
717:
608:
HQs were disbanded. The Air Bases receive their orders from the seven new Aviation Commands
479:
456:
87:
67:
50:
777:(RVSN) were to be reduced to eight missile divisions in place of twelve missile divisions.
1351:
1105:
844:
713:
475:
1595:
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875:
705:
513:
142:
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rule, into two brigades. This process began in October 2008 with the splitting of the
1625:
1415:
666:
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620:
581:
490:
471:
134:
1581:
823:
709:
701:
680:
646:
460:
324:
235:
1231:"Russia's "New Look" Military Reforms and Their Impact on Russian Foreign Policy"
534:
525:
501:
344:
289:
1483:
830:
Bringing finances under control and reducing the power of the General Staff
533:
Serdyukov's Defense Ministry will also be putting some soon-to-be-vacant
1177:
1550:
199:
180:
122:
reorganising the reserves; reorganising the army into a brigade system;
29:
839:. This strained already explosive relations between Serdyukov and the
516:
more autonomy was made and a fifth strategic command was established,
1217:"You Won't Believe How Close Russia Came to Nuclear Disaster in 2011"
379:
125:
reorganising air forces into an air base system instead of regiments.
1294:
1320:
871:
28:
885:
36:
is widely regarded as an ideologist of the 2008 military reform.
1324:
1268:"If New Looks could kill: Russia's military capability in 2022"
963:"Russia To Continue Military Conscription For Next 10-15 Years"
97:
reducing the armed forces to a strength of one million by 2012;
867:
129:
There had previously been several reform attempts such as the
757:
Initially it was planned to change the four divisions of the
157:
The enlisted men were to be reduced according to the table:
93:
Elements of the reforms announced in October 2008 included:
528:), the Northern Fleet is the main component of the command.
159:
805:(15 academies, four universities, 46 colleges – including
907:"Reforming The Russian Military: Problems And Prospects"
116:
introducing more civilian logistics and auxiliary staff;
1178:"Vene armee, milleks? ‹ Ajaleht KesKus koduleht"
720:
are part of the Southern Military District, and the
1562:
1535:
1507:
1439:
1385:
1038:
Winners and Losers in Organizing New MDs and Armies
1299:Master's Thesis on International Strategic Studies
1249:"Russian army not fit for modern war: top general"
1192:"Diivanikaupmees seljatas kindrali – Diplomaatia"
1013:"Russian Military Plans New NCO Training Center"
712:are part of the Western Military District, the
531:
78:, was a major structural reorganisation of the
736:in St. Petersburg, and the Naval Cadet Corps.
665:of the Joint Strategic Command Center (former
342:
305:
269:
233:
197:
90:in the Russian Army and to reduce it in size.
1336:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
675:of the Joint Strategic Command South (former
613:Operative-Strategic Aerospace Defence Command
8:
1293:Dall', Augusto César (January 2019).
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1058:
1056:
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1052:
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1046:
939:
937:
935:
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931:
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884:artillery and there was also ammunition for
655:of the Joint Strategic Command East (former
645:of the Joint Strategic Command West (former
1311:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1151:Åslund A., Guriev S. and Kuchins A. (2010)
1106:"Russian Navy to procure 100 ships by 2020"
1343:
1329:
1321:
724:is part of the Eastern Military District.
566:2nd Guards Tamanskaya Motor Rifle Division
119:elimination of cadre-strength formations;
113:reducing the size of the central command;
74:) after its originator, Defence Minister
870:, Ekaterinburg caught fire while in the
803:military institutions of higher learning
378:was established in December 2009 at the
1632:21st-century military history of Russia
1153:Russia after the global economic crisis
898:
171:
168:
165:
1304:
1095:Moscow Defense Brief #2, 2011 p. 18-22
1064:Moscow Defense Brief #2, 2010 p. 22–24
952:Moscow Defense Brief #2, 2009 p. 18-20
943:Moscow Defense Brief #4, 2008 p. 21-24
785:The number of units/formations of the
673:4th Air and Air Defence Forces Command
663:3rd Air and Air Defence Forces Command
653:2nd Air and Air Defence Forces Command
643:1st Air and Air Defence Forces Command
522:Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command
864:Russian submarine Ekaterinburg (K-84)
789:(KV) were to be reduced from 7 to 6.
7:
749:the Caspian Flotilla was disbanded.
866:. On 29 December 2011 around 12:20
578:18th Machine Gun Artillery Division
572:Almost all brigades are now called
55:2008 Реформа Вооружённых сил России
1155:The Russia Balance Sheet Project.
1131:"Shurygin on the VDV's Discontent"
989:"Why Russia Keeps Losing Generals"
801:. Serdyukov announced that the 65
512:In 2014, the decision to give the
25:
485:Joint Strategic Command Center –
1605:
1604:
1235:The International Affairs Review
835:staffed it with people from the
520:Joint strategic Command North –
466:Joint Strategic Command South –
422:North Caucasus Military District
100:reducing the number of officers;
496:Joint Strategic Command East –
451:Joint Strategic Command West –
161:
1474:Amendments to the Constitution
639:Command (former 61st Air Army)
18:Russian military reform (2008)
1:
1369:37th Prime Minister of Russia
1036:Russian Defence Policy blog,
987:Wright, Austin (2024-05-22).
604:uses the same structure. All
434:Far Eastern Military District
793:Reform of military education
547:Before the 2008 reform, the
416:Volga–Ural Military District
321:
287:
251:
215:
178:
57:), often referred to as the
42:2008 Russian military reform
1449:List of international trips
637:Military Transport Aviation
627:Long Range Aviation Command
592:The number of units in the
404:Leningrad Military District
1678:
1577:2017–2018 Russian protests
1479:Skolkovo Innovation Center
1393:2008 presidential election
967:asian-defence.blogspot.com
849:Nikolay Yegorovich Makarov
468:Southern Military District
440:Kaliningrad Special Region
428:Siberian Military District
1590:
1358:
1074:Gagarin Air Force Academy
818:Closure of military towns
799:Soviet military academies
688:and radar regiments. The
498:Eastern Military District
487:Central Military District
453:Western Military District
163:Category of military men
162:
71:
54:
1610:Category:Dmitry Medvedev
1499:Anti-corruption campaign
837:Federal Taxation Service
410:Moscow Military District
395:were divided into seven
174:
106:creating a professional
1363:3rd President of Russia
1291:Dall'Agnol, Augusto C.
775:Strategic Rocket Forces
769:Strategic Rocket Forces
759:Russian Airborne Troops
617:Special Purpose Command
463:and Kaliningrad region;
391:From 1992 to 2010, the
133:under defence minister
1571:He Is Not Dimon to You
1420:Legislative elections
872:floating drydock PD-50
853:salami slicing tactics
746:Russian Naval Infantry
540:
37:
1374:Vice Chairman of the
734:Nakhimov Naval School
549:Russian Ground Forces
393:Russian Ground Forces
32:
1459:War in South Ossetia
1386:Political activities
1017:Jamestown Foundation
881:Severomorsk Disaster
787:Russian Space Forces
602:Belarusian Air Force
82:that began in 2009.
80:Russian Armed Forces
1219:. 27 February 2018.
857:Soviet Armed Forces
367:Russo-Ukrainian War
1652:Military of Russia
1596:← Vladimir Putin →
1543:Svetlana Medvedeva
598:aviation regiments
442:. (formed in 1997)
397:military districts
387:Military districts
218:Lieutenant colonel
166:September 1, 2008
149:Personnel strength
38:
1619:
1618:
1489:Time zones reform
1469:2008–09 recession
1161:978-0-88132-497-6
763:Vladimir Shamanov
606:Aviation Division
594:Russian Air Force
504:), including the
474:), including the
459:), including the
362:
361:
307:Officers in total
272:Senior lieutenant
172:Planned for 2012
169:December 1, 2009
76:Anatoly Serdyukov
72:Реформа Сердюкова
34:Anatoly Serdyukov
16:(Redirected from
1669:
1662:Reform in Russia
1657:Military reforms
1608:
1607:
1555:
1547:
1376:Security Council
1345:
1338:
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1316:
1310:
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1260:
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1207:
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1194:. Archived from
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1040:, 25 August 2010
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978:
977:
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944:
941:
922:
921:
919:
918:
909:. Archived from
903:
718:Caspian Flotilla
480:Caspian Flotilla
457:Saint Petersburg
160:
88:chain of command
73:
66:
59:Serdyukov reform
56:
49:
21:
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1647:Dmitry Medvedev
1622:
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1586:
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1464:Military reform
1435:
1381:
1354:
1352:Dmitry Medvedev
1349:
1303:
1292:
1288:
1286:Further reading
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914:
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895:
845:Yuri Baluyevsky
832:
820:
795:
783:
771:
755:
753:Airborne Troops
714:Black Sea Fleet
698:
590:
545:
476:Black Sea Fleet
389:
375:
151:
62:
45:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1675:
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1665:
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1642:2009 in Russia
1639:
1637:2008 in Russia
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1525:Pension reform
1520:Second Cabinet
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1414:Leadership of
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1245:
1229:Kyle, Joseph.
1223:
1222:
1208:
1183:
1164:
1144:
1133:. Nov 12, 2010
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1004:
993:Foreign Policy
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876:Dmitry Rogozin
831:
828:
819:
816:
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782:
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754:
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741:Naval Aviation
700:The number of
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694:
685:
684:
681:5th Air Armies
670:
660:
650:
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624:
589:
586:
557:military bases
544:
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514:Northern Fleet
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139:2003 programme
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1515:First Cabinet
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1510:
1506:
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1467:
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1462:
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1457:
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1454:Modernisation
1452:
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1438:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
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1416:United Russia
1413:
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1399:
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1198:on 2020-06-19
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913:on 2018-05-04
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841:General Staff
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829:
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766:
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731:
730:Naval Academy
725:
723:
722:Pacific Fleet
719:
715:
711:
710:Baltic Fleets
707:
703:
695:
693:
691:
682:
678:
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667:14th Air Army
664:
661:
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657:11th Air Army
654:
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635:
632:
631:37th Air Army
628:
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621:16th Air Army
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614:
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582:Kuril Islands
579:
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543:Ground Forces
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472:Rostov-on-Don
469:
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141:of President
140:
136:
135:Igor Sergeyev
132:
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1594:
1582:Tandemocracy
1569:
1554:(family cat)
1463:
1405:Inauguration
1307:cite journal
1298:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:
1257:. Retrieved
1255:. 2008-12-16
1252:
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1234:
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1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1186:
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1125:
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911:the original
901:
861:
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824:closed towns
821:
796:
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781:Space Forces
772:
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726:
702:Russian Navy
699:
686:
647:6th Air Army
591:
573:
571:
551:(SV) had 24
546:
532:
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461:Baltic Fleet
445:
390:
376:
363:
325:Praporshchik
323:
156:
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1508:Premiership
1371:(2012–2020)
1365:(2008–2012)
1110:rusnavy.com
535:real estate
526:Severomorsk
175:Difference
1626:Categories
1441:Presidency
1410:Presidency
1277:2022-06-04
1259:2022-06-04
1240:2022-06-04
1202:2020-06-19
998:2024-05-17
917:2011-08-12
893:References
588:Air Forces
502:Khabarovsk
345:Midshipman
290:Lieutenant
1484:New START
574:otdelnaya
553:divisions
373:NCO corps
131:1997 plan
64:‹See Tfd›
47:‹See Tfd›
1563:See also
1546:(spouse)
1398:campaign
811:Nakhimov
706:Northern
629:(former
615:(former
137:and the
1551:Dorofei
1378:(2020–)
1317:(2019).
1253:Reuters
1137:Aug 15,
1115:Aug 15,
1022:Aug 15,
972:Aug 15,
807:Suvorov
744:of the
690:Gagarin
580:on the
561:Armenia
524:(HQ in
500:(HQ in
489:(HQ in
470:(HQ in
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315:142,000
310:365,000
254:Captain
200:Colonel
181:General
68:Russian
51:Russian
1536:Family
1159:
851:was a
380:Ryazan
358:−100%
349:50,000
339:−100%
330:90,000
299:26,000
294:20,000
281:35,000
276:30,000
263:40,000
258:90,000
245:30,000
240:99,550
222:19,300
204:15,365
110:corps;
318:−61%
302:+30%
284:+17%
266:−56%
248:−70%
236:Major
230:−61%
227:7,500
212:−80%
209:3,114
194:−22%
185:1,107
1429:2021
1424:2016
1313:link
1272:IISS
1157:ISBN
1139:2022
1117:2022
1024:2022
974:2022
886:T-34
809:and
773:The
739:The
716:and
708:and
696:Navy
679:and
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191:866
188:780
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