338:; for example, as they served regularly as Ottoman auxiliary troops, they were allowed to bear arms and to ride horses. This rewarding privileges were also extended to the economic sphere; these communities were largely exempted of paying any tax but only that of an annual rent of one gold 'ducat' or 'florin' to pay by each one of their households, hence coming to be called as "Florin" or "Ducat Vlachs" (
370:
However, during the course of time, with centralisation and changes to state structure, the economic system and military organisation occurring, many of the services that the Vlachs used to provide for the
Ottomans became superfluous. As a result, the 1520s saw the beginning of
266:
During the early history of the
Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, there was Vlach people members of military class living in Serbia and Macedonia which had the same rights as Muslims. They might have been the descendants of Christians but their origin is not entirely clear.
299:
and boundaries in general. In addition, they always accompanied the
Ottoman armies in their expeditions throughout the Balkans, up to the North-West, in whole communities; being intended for populating the newly conquered territories as border military colonies, called
243:
origin and also dependent shepherds in the medieval
Serbian state. In addition, with the beginning of Ottoman rule, within this social class also came to be included other Vlach-like (pastoral semi-nomad) populations, such as cattle-breeding Orthodox Serbs;. Serbs in
202:
and Duklja, welcomed with joy the new situation created, since the conquerors vouchsafed to them vast ranges for themselves and their cattle and promised to improve their social position. It thus propitiated special arrangements between the
656:
Vladimir Babić; dr. Vaso Čubrilović; dr. Branislav Đurđević; Nedim
Filipović; Ferdo Gastrin; dr. Bogo Grafenauer; dr. Nada Klaić; Ljuben Lape; dr. Arpad Lebl; Mitra Mitrović; Fedor Moačanin; dr. Jorjo Tadić; dr. Fran Zwitter (1959).
430:. Vlachs in the Balkans were granted tax concessions under Byzantine and Serb rulers in return for military service; and this continued under Ottoman rule. Instead of some of the customary taxes, they paid a special "Vlach tax",
270:
Due to their experience in carrying goods and the skill and speed with which they crossed the mountain regions; the Turks began to take advantage of it by employing them as auxiliary troops (
1150:
378:
and a reduction of their privileges. By the end of the 16th century, these privileges resulted in the majority of Vlachs’ social standing being equalled to that of the
1130:
138:
of the
Orthodox Vlachs and their gradual fusion with Serbian rural population reached a high level and was officially recognized by the Ottoman authorities.
493:
1140:
179:
463:
1135:
434:: One sheep and one lamb from each household on St. Georges Day each year. Because Vlachs were taxed differently, they were listed differently in
751:
823:
761:
1145:
710:
187:
1110:
1089:
1045:
918:
894:
802:
362:) often brought with them significant quantities of these Vlachs (sometimes Serbs as well), in order that they farmed their lands.
328:, in the newly conquered towns. In exchange for their regular duties, they were granted privileges which were denied to all other
468:
1057:"Being an Ottoman Vlach: On Vlach Identity(ies), Role and Status in Western Parts of the Ottoman Balkans (15th-18th Centuries)"
1004:
983:
959:
589:
569:
1034:
Isailović, Neven (2017). "Legislation
Concerning the Vlachs of the Balkans Before and After Ottoman Conquest: An Overview".
115:
564:
Steven G. Ellis, Luďa Klusáková; (2007) Imagining
Frontiers, Contesting Identities p. 145; Pisa University Press
969:
945:
458:
236:
227:'s service; all this made possible that the Vlachs would come to form a considerably privileged class within the
339:
46:
876:
228:
104:
996:
Ottomans, Hungarians, and
Habsburgs in Central Europe: The Military Confines in the Era of Ottoman Conquest
147:
930:"Wanderungen der Serben nach Kroatien und Slawonien vom Anfang des XVI bis Ende des XVII Jahrhunderts"
784:
Bosna i
Hercegovina od srednjeg veka do novijeg vremena: međunarodni naučni skup 13-15. decembar 1994
183:
582:
Household and Family in the Balkans: Two Decades of Historical Family Research at University of Graz
538:
100:
975:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
904:
252:, which were Christian origin members largely recruited from the Vlach and Vlach like population.
122:
pastoral lifestyle, including populations in various migratory regions, mainly composed of ethnic
473:
191:
707:Правни положај странаца у средњовековној Србији (Legal position of foreigners in medieval Serbia
1106:
1085:
1075:
1041:
1000:
979:
955:
914:
890:
819:
798:
757:
662:
585:
565:
531:
407:
403:
292:
155:
797:
Ferdo Šišić: Povijest Hrvata; pregled povijesti hrvatskog naroda 600 – 1918, p. 345, Zagreb
163:
1056:
387:
375:
288:
245:
175:
135:
27:
This article is about the medieval Ottoman class. For the 20th-century Ottoman class, see
1015:
951:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
427:
285:
224:
159:
111:
63:
38:
1124:
542:
517:
347:
204:
167:
96:
276:), thus entrusting to them the conveyance of military supplies, the carrying out of
325:
317:
119:
28:
1100:
1079:
1035:
994:
973:
949:
929:
908:
880:
782:
640:
308:(which were composed of about 20 to 50 houses); at the head of which there was a
134:. From the middle decades of the 17th century the amalgamation of the process of
212:
199:
1037:
State and Society in the Balkans Before and After Establishment of Ottoman Rule
488:
399:
240:
220:
170:. Although a few of the Orthodox Vlachs and part of the Catholic Vlachs from
17:
277:
215:
in order to secure for themselves and their families special privileges and
131:
211:(excepting some, largely high-ranking members of society, who converted to
524:
483:
453:
359:
261:
249:
208:
521:
478:
351:
281:
195:
402:, and propitiated the passing of the Vlachs and the Serbs over to the
239:
the term Vlachs had more meaning, primarily denote the inhabitants of
527:
448:
435:
423:
391:
355:
335:
329:
296:
272:
171:
151:
123:
80:
55:
860:
316:("headman"). They also formed important as well as highly numbered
534:
395:
383:
372:
232:
216:
127:
1023:
Facta Universitatis. Series: Philosophy, Sociology and Psychology
390:
triggered the beginning of loss of faith by these Vlachs, (both
861:"Medieval vlach soldiers and the beginnings of Ottoman voynuks"
162:, and still a largely nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoral non-
103:, and also a distinctive social and fiscal class within the
611:
609:
166:
people, played a dual role in the relations with the new
721:
719:
717:
689:
687:
674:
672:
194:); the remaining of them, both Orthodox in the central
1040:. Belgrade: The Institute of History. pp. 25–42.
841:
Odakle su i sta su bili Bosne i Hercegovine Muslimani?
978:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
954:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.
231:
in the Ottoman Empire, compared to the class of the
207:
and the Vlachs, who in turn, while preserving their
90:
84:
73:
67:
1102:Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354-1804
1016:"Elements of Ethnic Identification of the Serbs"
1151:Vlachs in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina
768:
756:. Nakladni zavod Matice Hrvatske. p. 201.
8:
889:] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme.
1105:. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
400:those who until then had been their masters
95:) was a social and fiscal class in several
753:Hrvati i Srbi: dva stara, razlicita naroda
642:Hrvati i Srbi: dva stara, razlicita naroda
615:
464:Vlachs in medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
557:
505:
494:Ottoman army in the 15th–19th centuries
993:Fodor, Pál; Dávid, Géza, eds. (2000).
725:
693:
678:
600:
737:
659:HISTORIJA NARODA JUGOSLAVIJE, Vol. II
388:sound Ottoman defeat at Sisak in 1593
7:
1131:Social classes in the Ottoman Empire
545:, expressly for that very purpose.
512:It is reported in the Turali-beg's
1141:Christians from the Ottoman Empire
217:prominent administrative positions
25:
913:. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.
469:Vlachs in the history of Croatia
843:. Hrvatska Svijest. p. 10.
839:Hamdija Kreševljaković (1914).
148:Ottoman conquest of the Balkans
1136:Taxation in the Ottoman Empire
235:, for more than a century. In
91:
74:
1:
1014:Gavrilović, Danijela (2003).
887:History of the Serbian People
354:landholding military nobles (
295:territory, and the patrol of
223:), placed themselves in the
787:. Istorijski institut SANU.
346:). At the same time, great
248:in great numbers served as
116:Eastern Orthodox Christians
85:
68:
1167:
970:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.
946:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr.
865:Belgrade Historical Review
859:Aleksić, Vladimir (2011).
382:, and later with ordinary
259:
26:
1146:History of the Aromanians
1099:Sugar, Peter F. (1996) .
516:of 1562, that some great
459:Vlachs in medieval Serbia
928:Dabić, Vojin S. (1992).
882:Histoire du peuple serbe
584:p. 117-119; LIT Verlag,
186:lands in the West (i.e.
120:nomadic and semi-nomadic
1055:Kursar, Vjeran (2013).
816:Bosnia: A Short History
750:Dominik Mandić (1990).
639:Dominik Mandić (1980).
180:invading Ottoman armies
1081:The Balkans Since 1453
814:Malcolm, Noel (1996).
771:
705:Srđan Šarkić; ˙(2011)
336:Šerijat or Islamic Law
114:, composed largely of
42:
781:Milan Vasić (1995).
709:) p. 54 ( footnote);
539:Sandžak of Smederevo
537:population from the
320:military garrisons (
877:Bataković, Dušan T.
580:Karl Kaser; (2012)
221:Ottoman authorities
101:Southeastern Europe
1076:Stavrianos, Leften
1070:. Ankara: 115–161.
934:Историјски часопис
818:. pp. 77–78.
603:, p. 115,126.
530:brought with them
474:Statuta Valachorum
324:) attached to the
1084:. London: Hurst.
999:. Leiden: Brill.
825:978-0-8147-5561-7
763:978-86-401-0081-6
408:Uprising in Banat
278:spying operations
198:and Catholics in
16:(Redirected from
1158:
1116:
1095:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1030:
1020:
1010:
989:
965:
941:
924:
900:
872:
845:
844:
836:
830:
829:
811:
805:
795:
789:
788:
778:
772:
767:
747:
741:
735:
729:
723:
712:
703:
697:
691:
682:
676:
667:
666:
653:
647:
646:
636:
619:
613:
604:
598:
592:
578:
572:
562:
510:
432:Rüsûm-i Eflakiye
420:Rüsûm-i Eflakiye
344:Filurîci Eflakân
178:fled before the
94:
93:
88:
83:
77:
76:
71:
58:
21:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1098:
1092:
1074:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1033:
1018:
1013:
1007:
992:
986:
968:
962:
944:
927:
921:
903:
897:
875:
858:
854:
849:
848:
838:
837:
833:
826:
813:
812:
808:
796:
792:
780:
779:
775:
764:
749:
748:
744:
736:
732:
724:
715:
704:
700:
692:
685:
677:
670:
655:
654:
650:
638:
637:
622:
616:Gavrilović 2003
614:
607:
599:
595:
579:
575:
563:
559:
554:
549:
546:
507:
503:
498:
444:
416:
376:sedentarisation
368:
340:Ottoman Turkish
297:mountain gorges
264:
258:
246:Ottoman Hungary
237:medieval Serbia
164:Slavic-speaking
144:
136:sedentarization
79:
54:
47:Ottoman Turkish
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1096:
1090:
1072:
1052:
1046:
1031:
1029:(10): 717–730.
1011:
1005:
990:
984:
966:
960:
942:
940:(1991): 43–76.
925:
919:
905:Ćirković, Sima
901:
895:
879:, ed. (2005).
873:
855:
853:
850:
847:
846:
831:
824:
806:
790:
773:
762:
742:
730:
728:, p. 134.
713:
698:
696:, p. 115.
683:
681:, p. 135.
668:
665:. p. 517.
663:Školska knjiga
648:
645:. p. 256.
620:
618:, p. 720.
605:
593:
573:
556:
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:
522:Bosnian Muslim
511:
504:
502:
499:
497:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
445:
443:
440:
428:Ottoman Empire
415:
412:
392:genuine Vlachs
386:. Lastly, the
384:reaya peasants
367:
364:
257:
254:
146:Following the
143:
140:
118:who practiced
112:Ottoman Empire
64:Serbo-Croatian
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1163:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1114:
1112:9780295803630
1108:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1091:9781850655510
1087:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1047:9788677431259
1043:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1002:
998:
997:
991:
987:
981:
977:
976:
971:
967:
963:
957:
953:
952:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
922:
920:9781405142915
916:
912:
911:
906:
902:
898:
896:9782825119587
892:
888:
884:
883:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
856:
851:
842:
835:
832:
827:
821:
817:
810:
807:
804:
803:953-214-197-9
800:
794:
791:
786:
785:
777:
774:
770:
765:
759:
755:
754:
746:
743:
740:, p. 39.
739:
734:
731:
727:
722:
720:
718:
714:
711:
708:
702:
699:
695:
690:
688:
684:
680:
675:
673:
669:
664:
660:
652:
649:
644:
643:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
597:
594:
591:
587:
583:
577:
574:
571:
567:
561:
558:
551:
544:
540:
536:
533:
529:
526:
523:
519:
515:
509:
506:
500:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
446:
441:
439:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:was a tax on
421:
413:
411:
409:
405:
404:Habsburg side
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
374:
365:
363:
361:
357:
353:
352:Slavic Muslim
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
294:
290:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:
268:
263:
255:
253:
251:
247:
242:
238:
234:
230:
229:Millet system
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
168:Ottoman ruler
165:
161:
157:
154:, being both
153:
149:
141:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
107:
102:
98:
97:late medieval
87:
82:
70:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
19:
18:Rusum-e-eflak
1101:
1080:
1067:
1063:
1036:
1026:
1022:
995:
974:
950:
937:
933:
909:
886:
881:
868:
864:
840:
834:
815:
809:
793:
783:
776:
769:
752:
745:
733:
706:
701:
658:
651:
641:
596:
581:
576:
560:
513:
508:
431:
419:
417:
379:
369:
343:
330:
326:Ottoman army
321:
313:
309:
305:
301:
271:
269:
265:
145:
105:
59:
50:
34:
33:
29:Ullah millet
726:Kursar 2013
694:Kursar 2013
679:Kursar 2013
601:Kursar 2013
501:Annotations
200:Herzegovina
1125:Categories
1006:9004119078
985:0472082604
961:0472081497
871:: 105–128.
738:Sugar 1996
590:3643504063
570:8884924669
552:References
489:Dervendjis
280:and quick
260:See also:
99:states of
1078:(2000) .
972:(1994) .
948:(1991) .
910:The Serbs
514:Vakufname
318:Christian
293:Christian
291:in enemy
286:scorching
241:Aromanian
219:from the
184:Christian
132:Albanians
907:(2004).
532:Orthodox
484:Martolos
454:Morlachs
442:See also
380:filurîci
322:martolos
314:primikur
262:Martolos
250:Martolos
209:religion
160:Catholic
156:Orthodox
852:Sources
528:Spahije
518:Turkish
479:Voynuks
436:defters
426:in the
366:Decline
360:Timarli
348:Turkish
334:by the
310:katunar
306:džemaat
282:looting
256:Service
196:Balkans
188:Croatia
142:Origins
110:of the
60:Eflakân
43:Valachi
1109:
1088:
1044:
1003:
982:
958:
917:
893:
822:
801:
760:
588:
568:
543:Bosnia
525:Timari
449:Vlachs
424:Vlachs
356:Sipahi
331:Zimmîs
273:voynuk
225:Sultan
192:Ragusa
176:Bosnia
172:Duklja
152:Vlachs
150:, the
124:Vlachs
108:system
106:millet
35:Vlachs
1060:(PDF)
1019:(PDF)
885:[
541:into
535:Vlach
406:(see
398:) in
396:Serbs
373:Vlach
302:katun
289:raids
233:Reaya
213:Islam
205:Turks
182:, to
128:Serbs
92:Власи
86:Vlasi
51:Eflak
39:Latin
1107:ISBN
1086:ISBN
1064:OTAM
1042:ISBN
1001:ISBN
980:ISBN
956:ISBN
915:ISBN
891:ISBN
820:ISBN
799:ISBN
758:ISBN
586:ISBN
566:ISBN
520:and
418:The
394:and
358:and
350:and
190:and
174:and
158:and
130:and
75:Влах
69:Vlah
414:Tax
410:).
312:or
304:or
81:pl.
56:pl.
1127::
1068:34
1066:.
1062:.
1025:.
1021:.
938:38
936:.
932:.
867:.
863:.
716:^
686:^
671:^
661:.
623:^
608:^
438:.
342::
126:,
89:/
78:,
72:/
66::
62:;
53:,
49::
45:;
41::
1115:.
1094:.
1050:.
1027:2
1009:.
988:.
964:.
923:.
899:.
869:2
828:.
766:.
284:-
37:(
31:.
20:)
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