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legal and spiritual/existential aspects of gender identity and gender transitioning for hospitals, health centres, universities, colleges and corporate workplaces. In
November 2002, Raj started working as a mental health counselor at Sherbourne Health Centre (SHC) in Toronto, providing individual, couple and family therapy for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, transgender, gender-questioning and sexually-questioning clients and their loved ones, and also co-facilitated SHC's "Gender Journeys" (a psychoeducational group for people considering transitioning to their identified gender) from 2006 to 2013. He retired from Sherbourne in 2015.
320:(TDoR) held at Toronto City Hall, proclaiming it as an official day in Toronto along with the raising of the first Ontario trans flag. On July 1, 2018, he marched in the Trans* Pride Toronto March, proudly carrying the Trans Coalition Project (Toronto) banner with Toronto Trans Alliance leader, Stephanie Woolley and Trans Lobby Group leader, Susan Gapka. On August 4, he led Fierté Simcoe Pride's Trans* Rally/March in Orillia, Ontario, along with trans youth leader, Brandon Rhéal Amyot. Raj officially retired in 2017, and now lives in southern Europe.
383:(likely the first of its kind), which he donated in manuscript form to The ArQuives: Canada's LGBTQ2+ Archives in 2006. From 1991 to 2014, he added several more poems and modified the title: “Of Souls & Roles, Of Sex & Gender: A Treasury of Transsexual, Transgenderist & Transvestic Verse from 1967 to 1991." The volume includes nearly 400 poems penned by 169 trans people throughout Canada, the US, the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, and was donated to The Transgender Archives where it is currently available via PDF.
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and gender reassignment to psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, social workers, physicians, and nurses, as well as researchers academics, educators, students, lawyers, policy makers, and politicians." Raj works to bring attention to the risks that voluntary gender work brings to those who in a 1987 essay titled "Burnout: Unsung Heroes And
Heroines In The Transgender World," originally published in
458:, in Burnaby BC. SFU's honorary degree is the highest honour conferred by the university. The degrees are awarded to distinguished individuals in recognition of their scholarly, scientific or artistic achievement, or in recognition of exceptional contribution to the public good. In October 2022, Rupert was presented with Fantasia Fair's
376:(Ontario campus) in Toronto, employing his "TransPositive Therapeutic Model" (2002), supporting transsexual/transgender adults. Building on this basic model, Raj's "TransFormative Therapeutic Model" (2008) supported therapists working with couples and families with trans members, as well as gender non-conforming youth and their parents.
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a sabbatical leave for a few month). Yet I/we desperately need resources in order that might survive." Almost thirty years later, Raj announced that he had taken indefinite medical leave as a result of said burn-out, and he officially retired from his job as a psychotherapist at
Toronto's Sherbourne Health Centre .
352:(main campus based in Chicago) with a Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology. Raj is a member of the Canadian Professional Association for Transgender Health (CPATH) (2007 – present), and in 2015 became a Canadian Certified Counsellor (CCC) and joined the College of Registered Psychotherapists of Ontario (CRPO).
339:
Raj runs through an abbreviated list of activists he knows who are suffering burnout before turning to his own person experience. At the time of writing, he stated that "I am not yet ready to resign, even though I have been suffering symptoms of 'burn-out' for about a year now (and wish I could go on
307:
adults and their loved ones, and also gender-independent kids and their parents. He also assessed trans people for readiness for either cross-sex hormone therapy or sex-reassignment surgery. Additionally, he provided trans-focussed training workshops on the medical, psychological, social, vocational,
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specifically designed for "helping professionals and resource providers" who worked with transsexuals and transvestites (aka cross dressers) (1988, two issues). Between 1990 and 1999, Raj was not publicly active as a trans activist, opting to mainstream into cisgender, straight society for those nine
251:
to research, develop, and market a penile prosthetic device as an alternative to phalloplasty. It was for this reason that Raj named the new organization the
Metamorphosis Medical Research Foundation (MMRF). At the same time, however, Raj wanted to provide support for other trans men, and serve as an
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South Asians and their families . Also in 2013, the Trans Lobby Group, which Raj co-founded as the Trans Health Lobby Group, won an
Inspire Award in Toronto for “Community Organization of the Year Award” (Note: The THLG changed its name by deleting “Health” to reflect a broader mandate beyond merely
445:
trans* male quarterly periodical, included Raj in its 2013 Heroes issue, along with other trans* historical figures and activists. Raj is featured in the 1999 video, "Rupert
Remembers," in a 2000/2001 Canada-wide TV documentary series, "Skin Deep" , and in a 2001 video, "Rewriting the Script: A Love
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In 2011, The Trans Health Lobby Group (THLG) won an award from Pride
Toronto as the “Honoured Dyke Group." The THLG was co-founded by Rupert Raj, Susan Gapka, Michelle Hogan, Joanne Nevermann and Darla S.; subsequent early members included Shadmith Manzo, Martine Stonehouse and Davina Hader. Raj was
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At this point, Raj was still using his earlier chosen name, Nicholas (or Nick) Christopher Ghosh. In later years, he started using the name "Rupert Raj" as a pseudonym, to separate his trans activism (under the name Rupert Raj) from his personal life (where he used the name Nick Ghosh). In 1988, he
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Founders Panel, Raj described the work that he had done over the past thirty years, including (but not limited to) "providing information, referrals, education, counseling, free education, doing training workshops, offering newsletter and magazine subscriptions on transsexualism, gender dysphoria,
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was published in June 1978 and included a story on "Transsexual
Oppression" concerning Montrealer Inge Stephens; information about transsexual resources; a listing of publications by Dr. Harry Benjamin and Dr. Charles L. Ihlenfeld; a bibliography of books and articles by and about trans people; and
311:
Beyond his clinical work, Raj was active in the trans, genderqueer, intersex and two-spirit communities in
Toronto, participating in numerous community advisory committees for local community agencies, spearheading the first annual Trans Pride Day at SHC in 2004 (which was later renamed to include
603:
Brice D. Smith, "'Yours in
Liberation': Lou Sullivan and the Construction of FTM Identity," PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2010, pp. 248-257; Susan Stryker, "Portrait of a Transfag Drag Hag as a Young Man: The Activist Career of Louis G. Sullivan," in Kate Moore and Stephen
851:. (Prometheus Books); and Raj, R., & Schwartz, C. (Sept. 12, 2012; revised Dec. 9, 2014): "A collaborative preparedness and informed consent model: Guidelines to assess trans candidates for readiness for hormone therapy and supportive counseling throughout the gender transitioning process."
368:. The book includes chapters from a total of 43 transgender and cisgender contributors in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec, and a foreword by Prof. Aaron Devor of the University of Victoria and an afterword by Prof. Viviane Namaste of Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec.
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years in hopes of healing from massive burnout. Raj re-emerged in 1999 to begin a support group in Toronto called the Trans-Men/FTM Peer-Support Group. Since then, Raj has been active in Toronto as a psychotherapist, gender specialist, and trans-positive professional trainer.
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became the most important international magazine for FTMs in the 1980s. Most of its subscribers were American, but there were also trans men from Canada, Great Britain, Europe, Australia and New Zealand who eagerly paid to get the sought-after news, information and resources.
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Rupert Raj, “Towards a transpositive therapeutic model: Developing clinical sensitivity and cultural competence in the effective support of transsexual and transgendered clients.” International Journal of Transgenderism, 2002, Vol. 6, No. 2; S.Gapka and Rupert Raj, (2003).
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health care, including advocating for politico-legal human rights provincially and federally.) More recently, the Canadian Centre for Gender and Sexual Diversity has featured Rupert's work on their resources page for transgender, intersex, and Two Spirit people.
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for female-to-male (FTM) transsexuals. While they were both approved for phalloplasty, neither of them had the surgery at that time; at only 100 pounds, the surgeons concluded that Raj did not have enough tissue to work with. Raj did, however, undergo the
633:(Toronto: Scholars' Press, 2014), 36-37. See also: Nicholas Matte, "Rupert Raj, Transmen, and Sexuality: The Politics of Transnormativity in Metamorphosis Magazine during the 1980s." In Patrizia Gentile, Gary Kinsman, and Pauline L. Rankin (Editors).
462:. Established in 2002, this award is the transgender community's longest existing award, honouring the lifetime achievements of those who have changed the world so trans people could come together in safety and comfort. In 2023,
410:," in which Raj discusses trans spaces and activism in Toronto during the 1970s and 1980s. Raj has been awarded two Lifetime Achievement Awards: the City of Toronto's Access, Equity, and Human Rights Pride Award (2001) and the
117:. Both parents were killed in a car accident in August 1968, when Raj was sixteen, and the five children (three brothers and one sister) moved into four different homes until they respectively reached 18 or 21 years of age.
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In December 1981 Raj decided to focus on the unique, specific needs of trans men. At the time, there were very few trans advocacy groups for trans men in particular. Raj's work, based in Toronto, Canada, joined that of
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F2M (meetings in New York, NY; Rites of Passage newsletter out of Tenafly, NJ); Jude Patton's Renaissance group in Santa Ana, CA; and Jeff S.'s group in Southern California. Raj resigned from his role at both FACT and
147:, following two friends, both trans women activists who had been involved in the Association of Canadian Transsexuals (A.C.T.) in Toronto. Raj continued his activism by starting a petition to get Ontario to cover
215:, trans woman Canary Conn's appearance on the Phil Donahue show, and other notices. Raj moved back to Ottawa and then to Toronto in the following years, but continued to edit the journal until February 1982.
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Since 1999, Raj has designed and delivered more than 20 distinct trans-focused training workshops and presentations in Canada, the US and the UK. In April 2006, he taught an accredited elective course for
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where Raj's father, Amal Chandra Ghosh, worked as a nuclear physicist. After the birth of their first child, the family moved to Ottawa, Canada, where Amal took up a position as a professor of physics at
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Raj formed a new organization in June 1988, Gender Worker (later named "Gender Consultants" when his then wife joined his entrepreneurial enterprise as a co-consultant), and published a new newsletter
834:, Haworth Press); Rupert Raj, “Trans forming couples and families: A transformative therapeutic model for providers working with the loved ones of trans-identified and gender-divergent people.”
590:(Toronto: Scholars' Press, 2014), 38. For the importance of Raj's work to other trans people in the 1970s and 1980s in the era before the internet, see J. Ari Kane-Demaios and Vern L. Bullough,
328:
Rupert Raj coined the term "voluntary gender worker" to describe the unofficial (and often unrecognized) labor that transgender activists (including himself) do. In a speech given at the 2016
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Elspeth Brown oral history interview with Rupert Raj, 14 March 2014; Nick Matte, "Rupert Raj and the Rise of Transsexual Consumer Activism in the 1980s," in Dan Irving and Rupert Raj, eds.,
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information broker between the medical/psychological community and trans men and their loved ones. Beginning in 1979 and through the MMRF years, Raj was also an active correspondent with
968:
256:, and Raj's friendship and activism played an important role in Sullivan's later work in founding the San Francisco-based support and education group "FTM" in 1986.
847:
Raj, R. "Metamorphosis: Man in the making (A personal and political perspective)," pp: 480-484. In Bonnie & Vern Bullough & James Elias (Eds.). (1997).
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no. 1 (June 1978), 1-12; see also Nicholas Matte, "Rupert Raj and the Rise of Transsexual Consumer Activism in the 1980s," in Dan Irving and Rupert Raj, eds.,
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In April 2002, Raj founded "RR Consulting," a part-time, home-based, private psychotherapy and consulting practice serving trans, genderqueer, intersex and
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406:(First Edition, The Institute for Advanced Studies in Human Sexuality in San Francisco, 1986). In 2000, Xanthra McKay a 23-minute video entitled "
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written by Raj and others, clinical research, hormones, surgery, tips to effectively passing as male in public, and legal reform for trans people.
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162:, because they had learned that surgeons at the Foothills Hospital, in affiliation with the University of Calgary's gender clinic were performing
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Chambers, Stephanie; Farrow, Jane; FitsGerald, Maureen; Lorinc, John; McCaskell, Tim; Sheffield, Rebecka; Taylor, Tatum; Thawer, Rahim (eds.).
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To date, Raj has published four trans-focused clinical research papers. He has written a book chapter in the 1997 edited collection
509:
Elspeth Brown oral history with Rupert Raj, 23 December 2013, CLGA; Elspeth Brown personal communication with Raj, 3 December 2014.
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Transsexual rights activism; Gender identity specialization; Trans-focussed clinical research; Transpositive professional training
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594:(Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2006), 96 and Bonnie Bullough, Gender Blending (Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1997), 467.
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in New York, his older brother provided consent. Dr. Ihlenfeld examined Raj and administered his first shot of testosterone.
316:(honouring the Trans Lobby Group, of which Raj was the sole trans male member), the 2012 Toronto Trans March, and the 2014
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In 2017, an article Raj wrote, "Worlds in Collision", appeared in the anthology of writing about Toronto's queer history,
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Rewriting the Script: A Love Letter to Our Families, Friday Night Productions (46 min., 2002), distributed by VTape
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made "Rupert Raj" his legal name, using it in his activism and personal life, stopping the use of "Nick Ghosh."
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in 1971 has been recognized by several awards, as well as his inclusion in the National Portrait Collection of
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826:; Rupert Raj,"Transactivism as therapy: A client-self-empowerment model linking personal and social agency,"
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In May 1977, Raj moved with his partner (a pansexual trans man) and the partner's two children to Calgary,
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202:), the Foundation for the Advancement of Canadian Transsexuals (FACT); the organization's newsletter was
1017:, retrieved 17 June 2014. See also The ArQuive's digital exhibition on the National Portrait Collection
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Community One Foundation, “Trans Activist Rupert Raj to Receive Annual Steinert & Ferreiro Award,”
1112:
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Elspeth Brown oral history interview with Raj, 23 Dec 2013 at the Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives .
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intersex and two-spirit people), delivering public speeches at the 2011 Honoured Dyke Group event of
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263:(February 1982 – February 1988). The magazine promised information on various aspects of
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http://www.opha.on.ca/Advocacy-and-Policy/Position-Paper,-Resolutions-and-Motions.aspx
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In 1971, at age 19, Raj scheduled an appointment with the Harry Benjamin Foundation's
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763:"Metamorphosis Magazine Vol. 6, No. 3 (May-June 1987) - Digital Transgender Archive"
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Nick Matte, "Rupert Raj and the Rise of Transsexual Consumer Activism in the 1980s"
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Rupert Raj, "My Male Metamorphosis," pg. 4, c. 1988, Box 1, Rupert Raj Papers, CLGA.
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From 1982 to 1991, Rupert compiled/edited an international trans poetry anthology,
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and Becky Martino's Labyrinth Foundation's Counseling Services (Yonkers, NY);
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109:
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http://www.originalplumbing.com/index.php/the-basics/trans-men/item/482-op-
1067:"Resources for Transgender, Intersex & Two-Spirit People | CCGSD"
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Elspeth Brown oral history interview with Rupert Raj, 14 March 2014, CLGA.
206:. FACT continued some of the earlier work of the ACT. The first issue of
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In January 1978, Raj started an organization for trans people (including
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at this time. After waiting for another 34 years, he finally underwent "
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was first published in 2017; a second edition was published in 2020.
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Steinert and Ferreiro Award, a recognition of leadership in Canadian
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35:
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no. 5 (April 1980), 1; "Personal Profiles: Susan G. Huxford," no. 8
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We Still Demand! Redefining Resistance in Sex and Gender Struggles
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101:
592:
Crossing Sexual Boundaries: Transgender Journeys, Uncharted Paths
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Raj has received a number of awards, including a listing in the
232:, and both were taken over by Susan Huxford, a trans woman from
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archive in the world, through his induction into The ArQuives'
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Rupert Raj: Moving Trans History Forward 2016 - Founders Panel
392:
Dancing The Dialectic: True Tales of A Transgender Trailblazer
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Reclaiming Genders: Transsexual Grammars at the Fin de Siecle
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an honorary Doctor of Laws degree by Simon Fraser University
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Foundation for the Advancement of Canadian Transsexuals and
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Rupert Raj fonds at The ArQuives: Canada's LGBTQ2+ Archives
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In 1988, Raj decided to close MMRF and end publication of
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https://digitalexhibitions.arquives.ca/exhibits/show/npc
446:
Letter to Our Families," reflecting the experiences of
55:
47:
28:
21:
259:Consequently, Raj founded the bi-monthly magazine
830:, Nos. 3&4 (2007, concurrently published in
815:. Ontario Public Health Association (2003) at
466:was added to the online Canadian Encyclopedia.
1081:"SFU welcomes 2022 Honorary Degree recipients"
240:Metamorphosis Medical Research Foundation and
236:with whom Raj had begun working in late 1979.
155:—an effort that was unsuccessful at the time.
151:through the provincial health insurance plan,
8:
1032:#13: The Hero Issue (April 2013); see also
888:"OF SOULS & ROLES, OF SEX & GENDER"
374:The Adler School of Professional Psychology
350:The Adler School of Professional Psychology
828:Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy
18:
179:) in Montreal, Quebec in 2012 at age 60.
135:Raj graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in
943:"Dancing the Dialectic (Second Edition)"
429:in Toronto, the largest community-based
861:Raj, Rupert; Irving, Dan, eds. (2014).
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427:The ArQuives: Canada's LGBTQ2+ Archives
344:Education and Professional Affiliations
82:The ArQuives: Canada's LGBTQ2+ Archives
998:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
991:
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381:Of Souls and Roles, Of Sex and Gender
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538:(Toronto: Scholars' Press, 2014), 35.
454:In 2022, Raj was selected to receive
7:
919:Any Other Way: How Toronto Got Queer
832:Activism in LGBT Psychology Practice
388:Any Other Way: How Toronto Got Queer
324:"Voluntary Gender Work" and Burn-out
1168:21st-century Canadian psychologists
1158:20th-century Canadian psychologists
422:the only active trans-male member.
404:International Who’s Who In Sexology
76:man. His work since his own gender
1015:http://www.clga.ca/npc/subject/427
864:Trans Activism in Canada: A Reader
631:Trans Activism in Canada: A Reader
588:Trans Activism in Canada: A Reader
536:Trans Activism in Canada: A Reader
366:Trans Activism in Canada: A Reader
14:
1163:21st-century Canadian LGBT people
1128:Canadian people of Polish descent
1123:Canadian people of Indian descent
767:www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net
620:vol. 1, no 1 (February 1982), 1.
886:Raj, Rupert, ed. (1 July 2018).
575:Gender Review: A FACTual Journal
571:Gender Review: A FACTual Journal
549:Gender Review: A FACTual Journal
532:Gender Review: A FACTual Journal
520:Gender Review: A FACTual Journal
204:Gender Review: A FACTual Journal
128:. Since Raj was not yet 21, the
813:The trans health project report
608:(London: Cassell, 1999), 62–82.
1143:Canadian LGBT rights activists
836:Journal of GLBT Family Studies
460:2022 Transgender Pioneer Award
390:. His sociohistorical memoir,
356:Publications and Presentations
318:Transgender Day of Remembrance
1:
674:. Forerunners. Vol. 42.
425:In 2013, Raj was honoured by
100:in 1952. His father was East
1148:Canadian transgender writers
1133:Transgender rights activists
547:"FACT HG Moves to Toronto,"
435:National Portrait Collection
348:In 2001, Raj graduated from
331:Moving Trans History Forward
637:. UBC Press, 2017, 117-136.
279:due to cumulative burnout.
145:Vancouver, British Columbia
32:1952 (age 71–72)
1184:
867:. Canadian Scholar's Press
649:vol. 1 no. 1 (June, 1988).
412:Community One Foundation's
68:(born 1952) is a Canadian
51:Nicholas Christopher Ghosh
1004:, retrieved 17 June 2014.
175:" (not phalloplasty, but
1138:Transgender male writers
1043:, retrieved 17 June 2014
897:. University of Victoria
299:RR Consulting and Beyond
149:sex-reassignment surgery
1013:“Inductee Rupert Raj,”
941:Wilson, Margot (2017).
668:Malatino, Hill (2020).
569:"FACTual Notes," no. 8
947:Transgender Publishing
577:no. 5 (April 1980), 5.
518:"Foundation History,"
337:The Transsexual Voice.
242:Metamorphosis Magazine
143:in 1975, and moved to
1054:http://www.vtape.org/
838:, 2008, Vol. 4, No. 1
680:10.5749/9781452965574
551:no. 5 (July 1979), 1.
522:no. 1 (June 1978), 1.
126:Dr. Charles Ihlenfeld
895:Transgender Archives
418:communities (2010).
16:Transgender activist
1153:Writers from Ottawa
922:. Coach House Books
141:Carleton University
115:Carleton University
1039:2015-01-04 at the
822:2015-07-20 at the
283:Gender Worker and
1030:Original Plumbing
689:978-1-4529-6557-4
439:Original Plumbing
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1113:1952 births
769:. p. 3
398:Recognition
249:Yonkers, NY
74:transgender
1107:Categories
985:2016-05-06
797:2022-10-27
773:2022-10-27
748:2022-10-27
703:2022-10-27
671:Trans Care
479:References
416:LGBTTIQQ2S
305:two-spirit
225:Johnny A's
137:psychology
78:transition
66:Rupert Raj
23:Rupert Raj
722:ignored (
712:cite book
698:240023854
265:trans men
192:trans men
110:Stockholm
1037:Archived
994:cite web
820:Archived
42:, Canada
160:Alberta
98:Ontario
40:Ontario
952:27 Aug
926:27 Aug
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871:27 Aug
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106:Polish
102:Indian
94:Ottawa
72:and a
36:Ottawa
979:(PDF)
972:(PDF)
891:(PDF)
694:S2CID
470:Notes
448:queer
431:LGBTQ
221:Mario
196:women
139:from
1000:link
954:2022
928:2022
903:2022
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