309:
83:
587:, were exiled in 1584. The ship in which they sailed to France was lost at sea, and it was rumoured that their ship had been captured by a Dutch ship and that they had been killed in the fighting or drowned with their ship. Later, there were reports that they had been sold to a Turkish slave ship. In 1589, a Scot, James Hudson, with the Scottish ambassador, appealed to Francis Walsingham for his help finding the men, who were reported to be slaves in the castle of
381:
524:, an English diplomat who would later deliver Mary's death warrant. The ambassadors intended to build a pro-French faction and may have offered French pensions to sympathetic nobles. Maineville remained in Scotland until May 1583. His presence and unpopularity divided the Ruthven lords and weakened their support.
562:
As
Elizabeth was displeased by the fall of the Regime, Walsingham was sent as ambassador to Scotland in September 1583. He spoke to James VI at Perth and was convinced that Mary's influence was dominant in Scotland and working to the young James's confusion. Walshingham wrote to Elizabeth that Mary,
396:
was pleased with events and sent ÂŁ1000 in
September 1582 to Robert Bowes, a payment declared as the wages of the King's Guard. In response, the opponents of the Ruthven Regime, the Earls of Huntley, Argyll, Atholl, Crawford, Montrose, Arran, Lennox and Sutherland, wrote a letter from Dunkeld, near
371:
Lennox seems to have made himself particularly unpopular by using his office of
Chamberlain to profit from merchant trade in the Scottish towns and burghs. The Ruthven Regime ordered him to leave Scotland. Lennox delayef his exile unto 22 December, when he sailed for France and never returned.
566:
James had not enjoyed the
Ruthven government. Walsingham found him unable to take his complaints seriously. James laughed at Walsingham, "falling into a distemperture". He told Walshingham of being an "absolute King" who would order his subjects as he would "best lyke himself".
475:, with her concerns over the capture of James and the exile of Lennox. Elizabeth I was told that Castelnau had secretly conveyed letters to Mary, Queen of Scots, and to her supporters in Scotland. Walsingham asked the ambassador in France,
570:
Arran and the Earl of
Crawford hired Kate the Witch to disrupt Walsingham's visit with ÂŁ6 and a length of plaid cloth. She stood outside the royal palaces and complained about the amity with England, the kirk and the nobility.
503:. Stewart was to enquire discreetly of the succession to the English throne. Robert Bowes, the English diplomat, stayed in Edinburgh and followed events. As it seemed opportune, he was instructed by Walsingham to seek out the
428:
made at
Stirling on 14 September, to demonstrate 'of what rare towardliness that yonge prince is, and howe dangerous an enemye therefore he would prove unto England yf he should happen to runne to any other coorse".
483:
and
Catherine de' Medici of the situation and that Castelnau should be more circumspect in the handling of Mary's letters. Elizabeth had no wish to foment further disquiet in Scotland after the recent disturbances.
125:
after the event, state the King was captured at
Ruthven Castle on 23 August. The Ruthven lords presented the King with a lengthy "supplication" to explain the motives of their surprise action, dated 23 August.
424:, with news of progress in Scotland on 26 September 1582. Walsingham thought that "thinges stand not yet in so good termes as were to be wished". He found James's own letters, and his speech in favour of the
515:
Gowrie was also courted by France and received in
February 1583 an offer of a yearly pension of 100,000 crowns for the state, 2000 crowns personally and a lump sum of 10,000 crowns. Two French ambassadors,
540:. The faction against the Regime was there in strength, the Lords Enterprisers were dismissed from court and a number of their followers who were salaried court servants were removed from office.
820:(Edinburgh: Bannatyne Club, 1858), pp. 8-9: A copy of a declaration in French by Lennox, against the "calumnies of Gowrie and his confederates", Dumbarton, 22 September 1582, is preserved in
285:
in May 1583. Another prominent politician, the recently-ennobled James
Stewart, Earl of Arran, was imprisoned at Dupplin, Stirling, Ruthven (Huntingtower) and then confined at his own
520:
and François de Rocherolles, Sieur de Maineville, hoped to secure French influence over James VIs choice of bride. James gave the French ambassadors an audience in the presence of
358:
colleagues. They were described as "havand respect to the order of the hous of your hieness goudsire King James the fifth of worthie memorie and to the possibilitie [
71:
194:
The king was held and controlled by the Ruthven Lords for ten months, until managing to escape on 27 June 1583. He was moved around a number of houses. He was taken to
517:
292:
Among the rest of the nobility, the Ruthven regime was opposed by the Earls of Huntly, Crawford, Morton (Maxwell) and Sutherland and the Lords Livingston,
324:
134:
405:
raised to convey James VI to their "auld enemies" in England. They urged the townspeople of Edinburgh to arm themselves and to seize James, who was at
105:
influences around the young king. Their party became known as the "Lords Enterprisers", and their opponents were the King's favourite, the Frenchman
211:
176:
It was said that James VI started to cry. The Master of Glamis is reported to have said, "Better bairns greet than bearded men". ("Greet" is a
162:
63:
1211:
417:
207:
241:
Copies of relevant papers, such as the Lords's "supplication" of 23 August 1582 and Lennox's protest, "D'Obany's petition", were given by
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was sent as ambassador by the Regime to England in April 1583 to ask for ÂŁ10,000 and yearly ÂŁ5000 as an income from the English lands of
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496:
106:
55:
51:
547:, joined Arran for a banquet at Kinneil House on 13 November and returned to Edinburgh. The Earl of Arran gained a brief ascendancy in
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The coup was also prompted by an urge to curb excessive spending at court. Because of its extravagance, the Earl of Gowrie as
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to discuss possible plans. They included taking James VI to France and invading Scotland with 600 musketeers, possibly with
354:
48,000. The debt was never repaid. A number of cost-saving measures for the royal household were proposed by Gowrie and his
907:
230:
158:
532:
Gowrie's regime was ineffectually supported by Elizabeth I and Walsingham. After ten months, James gained his freedom at
598:
A plaque to their memory was raised in the English church in Algiers. The 17th-century historian of the Douglas family,
584:
293:
110:
82:
1045:
Steven J. Reid, 'Of bairns and bearded men: James VI and the Ruthven Raid', Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven J. Reid,
923:
Steven J. Reid, 'Of bairns and bearded men: James VI and the Ruthven Raid', Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven J. Reid,
894:
Steven J. Reid, 'Of bairns and bearded men: James VI and the Ruthven Raid', Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven J. Reid,
864:
Steven J. Reid, 'Of bairns and bearded men: James VI and the Ruthven Raid', Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven J. Reid,
710:
Steven J. Reid, 'Of bairns and bearded men: James VI and the Ruthven Raid', Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven J. Reid,
668:
Steven J. Reid, 'Of bairns and bearded men: James VI and the Ruthven Raid', Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven J. Reid,
265:. The king's favourite, Esmé Stewart, Duke of Lennox, the main politician who was targeted by the coup, was sent to
620:
521:
492:
188:
150:
591:. In 1601, Robert Oliphant went to Algiers to look for his kinsmen and carried a letter of introduction to Sultan
191:, reached Ruthven, fought the raiders, lost two fingers and was captured. Arran himself arrived and was captured.
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113:, who shared control of the government. James VI was seized while he was hunting near the castle of Ruthven in
606:, for her attempt in 1584 to prevent them from supporting the Earl of Gowrie, which was considered misguided.
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599:
476:
468:
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1083:
507:, which had been used to incriminate Queen Mary in 1568, but the Earl of Gowrie refused to hand them over.
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441:
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in 1581, and the Douglas family, which had been exiled in England, were re-instated on 28 September 1582.
183:
To prevent a rescue attempt by the Duke of Lennox's soldiers, the Earl of Mar stationed an armed force at
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214:; and Laurence, Master of Oliphant, and their retainers had now grown 400. In October 1582, James was at
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written by Queen Elizabeth, who also recommended her ambassador, John Wroth, to help the search.
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The Earl of Gowrie remained at the head of the government and was assisted by figures like the
101:
In July 1582 the discontented lords made a bond to one another in their enterprise to displace
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537:
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wrote that the lords had given him their "supplication" at Perth, and James then was taken to
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694:
453:
449:
339:. The noble leaders of the regime also included those who were "discomfited" by the fall of
332:
266:
170:
166:
130:
74:". Their short-lived rule of around 10 months is known as the "Ruthven" or "Gowrie Regime".
1180:
Correspondence of Robert Bowes, the ambassador of Queen Elizabeth in the court of Scotland
544:
536:
in July 1583. He first stayed at the New Inns of St Andrews but was persuaded to sleep in
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the next day, where the Earl of Gowrie had a large townhouse, as provost of the town.
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340:
286:
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556:
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47:
739:
Steven J. Reid, 'Of bairns and bearded men: James VI and the Ruthven Raid', p. 32.
364:] of your majesties present rents", a reference to the alleged thriftiness of
335:
from the pulpit. These churchmen were called "Melvillians" after their spokesman,
1177:
1168:
825:
409:, on their behalf. The people of Edinburgh did not follow up on the suggestion.
393:
351:
911:
401:, to the town of Edinburgh and described this force, funded by England, as 400
592:
533:
437:
320:
114:
803:
Steven J. Reid, 'Of bairns and bearded men: James VI and the Ruthven Raid',
559:. In November 1585, however, Arran himself was removed from public affairs.
355:
17:
910:, E34/36 Scheme for ordering the household November 1582: See Amy Juhala,
1151:
683:
James VI, Britannic Prince: King of Scots and Elizabeth's Heir, 1566–1603
552:
319:
The resultant Gowrie regime favoured what has been described as an ultra-
312:
102:
914:, University of Edinburgh PhD (2000), 39-47, Edinburgh Research Archive
818:
Original letters of Mr John Colville, 1582-1603, and his Palinode, 1600
184:
471:, the French queen mother, wrote to the French ambassador in London,
995:
Les Mémoires de messire Michel de Castelnau, seigneur de Mauvissière
579:
Two of those implicated in the raid, the eldest son of the Chief of
206:
at the end of August. At Stirling, the Ruthven party was swelled by
551:. The Earl of Gowrie was pardoned, but kept plotting and was later
379:
307:
300:
and Doune, all of whom were reported to support Arran and Lennox.
282:
81:
380:
46:
which took place on 23 August 1582. It was composed of several
563:"though she cannot live many years", would see his overthrow.
360:
187:
to break their march northward. The Earl of Arran's brother,
117:
on 22 (or 23) August. Some sources, including the letters of
54:, who abducted the king. The nobles intended to reform the
1141:
David Hume of Godscroft's History of the House of Angus
881:, 64: 4 (November 2009), pp. 934-936: William K. Boyd,
229:. The castle is maintained and opened to the public by
583:, Laurence Master of Oliphant, and his brother-in-law
315:
was not enthralled by the Ruthven program of reforms.
602:, laid the blame for their loss on Robert's mother,
384:
Mary, Queen of Scots, sketched plans for her cousin
1085:
History of the Kirk of Scotland by David Calderwood
701:, vol. 3 (Edinburgh: Wodrow Society, 1843), p. 637.
499:, and for the ratification and renewal of the 1560
331:'. It was approved by influential ministers of the
964:, vol. 5 (London, HMSO, 1980), p. 39: W. K. Boyd,
779:The Wisest Fool: The Lavish Life of James VI and I
968:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1910), pp. 169-170, no. 169.
766:The Early Life of James VI, A Long Apprenticeship
657:The Early Life of James VI, A Long Apprenticeship
221:Ruthven Castle's name was officially changed to
66:policy, and to prevent or manage the return of
1047:James VI and Noble Power in Scotland 1578-1603
1009:Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, 1582
925:James VI and Noble Power in Scotland 1578-1603
896:James VI and Noble Power in Scotland 1578-1603
866:James VI and Noble Power in Scotland 1578-1603
805:James VI and Noble Power in Scotland 1578-1603
712:James VI and Noble Power in Scotland 1578-1603
670:James VI and Noble Power in Scotland 1578-1603
8:
1130:, University of Chicago (2000), p.400 no.100
826:Ms Fr. 3308, Register of Mr Pinard, item 122
646:, Volume 50 (Smith, Elder, & Co., 1897)
642:"Ruthven, William", by T. F. Henderson, in
638:
636:
939:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1910), p. 185 no. 186
325:General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
133:named the Ruthven Raiders as the Earls of
753:Register of the Privy Council of Scotland
70:from England to rule with her son in an "
877:Julian Goodare, 'Debts of James VI', in
518:Bertrand de Salignac de la Mothe-FĂ©nelon
768:(Edinburgh: John Donald, 2023), p. 189.
659:(Edinburgh: John Donald, 2023), p. 187.
632:
416:was more circumspect. He wrote to the
163:David Erskine, Commendator of Dryburgh
464:French reaction and English diplomacy
448:funding. Mary envisaged a landing at
436:, a brother-in-law of her secretary,
27:1582 political conspiracy in Scotland
7:
1100:, vol.3 (1880), p.348, 365, 664, 669
1024:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1910), 410-415.
962:HMC 58, Manuscripts Marquess of Bath
997:, vol. 1 (Paris, 1731), pp. 699-700
951:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1910), no. 177
912:The Court and Household of James VI
755:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1881), p. xiv.
497:Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
52:William Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie
1171:Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland
1098:Register Privy Council of Scotland
1087:, vol. 4 (Edinburgh, 1843), p. 442
1036:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1910), 300-1.
1011:, vol. 16 (London, 1909), no. 357.
792:Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland
169:, the Prior of Pittenween and the
25:
1058:Moysie, David, vol.1 (1830), p.46
1049:(Routledge, 2017), pp. 43-44, 46.
883:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
434:Jean Champhuon, sieur du Ruisseau
208:Francis Stewart, Earl of Bothwell
885:, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1910), 240.
822:Bibliothèque nationale de France
644:Dictionary of National Biography
604:Agnes Leslie, Countess of Morton
585:Robert Douglas, Master of Morton
107:Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox
728:History of the Kirk of Scotland
348:Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
323:regime and was approved by the
1034:Calendar State Papers Scotland
1022:Calendar State Papers Scotland
966:Calendar State Papers Scotland
927:(Routledge, 2017), pp. 38, 40.
855:(Pimlico, 1992), pp. 228, 232.
145:, the Laird of Easter-Wemyss,
121:, an English diplomat sent to
1:
1173:, vol.1 Bannatyne Club (1830)
1126:Marcus, Mueller, Rose, edd.,
908:National Archives of Scotland
685:(Routledge, 2024), pp. 60–64.
672:(Routledge, 2017), pp. 32-44.
231:Historic Environment Scotland
180:word meaning "weep, mourn.")
1212:History of Perth and Kinross
1128:Elizabeth I: Collected Works
1113:vol.2 (1858), p.570 no.103:
984:(London, 1845), pp. 307-311.
898:(Routledge, 2017), pp. 41-2.
341:James Douglas, Regent Morton
245:to Robert Bowes and sent to
111:James Stewart, Earl of Arran
543:James went to Stirling and
269:; was forced into exile in
249:, where they remain in the
129:The 17th-century historian
58:and limit the influence of
1238:
1070:, vol.6 (1910), p.603, 611
837:Book of the Universal Kirk
621:Robert Boyd, 5th Lord Boyd
1157:History of Scottish Earls
1139:Reid, David, ed. (2005),
1117:, vol.10 (1906), pp.224-5
868:(Routledge, 2017), p. 35.
807:(Routledge, 2017), p. 34.
714:(Routledge, 2017), p. 34.
273:after he had lingered at
34:, the kidnapping of King
1197:16th century in Scotland
1182:, Surtees Society (1842)
1178:Stevenson, Joseph, ed.,
1111:Calendar Scottish Papers
978:William Barclay Turnbull
432:In September, Mary sent
327:as the 'late act of the
159:the Abbot of Dunfermline
879:Economic History Review
853:Scotland: A New History
794:, vol. 1 (1830), p. 38.
781:(Birlinn, 2023), p. 66.
600:David Hume of Godscroft
493:Colonel William Stewart
227:Gowrie House conspiracy
982:Letters of Mary Stuart
389:
386:Henry I, Duke of Guise
316:
93:
56:government of Scotland
1143:, vol. 2, STS, p. 313
960:Dynfnallt Owen, ed.,
575:Last of the Oliphants
383:
311:
85:
1007:Arthur John Butler,
681:Alexander Courtney,
488:Requests for funding
469:Catherine de' Medici
422:Mary, Queen of Scots
329:Scottish reformation
313:James VI of Scotland
251:Public Record Office
78:Scottish coup d'Ă©tat
68:Mary, Queen of Scots
40:political conspiracy
36:James VI of Scotland
699:History of the Kirk
501:Treaty of Edinburgh
481:Henry III of France
473:Michel de Castelnau
452:and the capture of
376:Response in England
257:Opponents of Regime
225:in 1600, after the
171:Constable of Dundee
418:Earl of Shrewsbury
414:Francis Walsingham
390:
388:to invade Scotland
317:
237:Historical sources
94:
77:
777:Steven Veerapen,
730:, vol. 3, p. 643.
695:Calderwood, David
549:Scottish politics
538:St Andrews Castle
528:Failure of Regime
479:, to advise King
212:Earl of Glencairn
16:(Redirected from
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1202:1582 in Scotland
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267:Dumbarton Castle
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167:Abbot of Paisley
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131:David Calderwood
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64:pro-Catholic
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18:Ruthven raid
394:Elizabeth I
89:now called
72:association
1191:Categories
627:References
593:Mehmed III
534:St Andrews
438:Claude Nau
403:men-of-est
321:Protestant
296:, Ogilvy,
115:Perthshire
440:, to the
397:Atholl's
356:exchequer
350:was owed
298:Ochiltree
277:; on the
151:Lord Boyd
610:See also
553:beheaded
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44:Scotland
38:, was a
589:Algiers
366:James V
247:England
185:Kinross
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304:Policy
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210:; the
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60:French
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