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reading and math courses be taught in more than one area, with students given an unlimited time to learn one area of the subject, and achieving eighty-five percent to be promoted to the next grade. In
November 1981 Love proposed Report Card Pick-Up, ordering only parents or guardians pick up student report cards from school, prior to previous years. Love implemented the "Adopt–a–School" program in which schools within the district received money, equipment and other support from specific individuals and corporations in January 1982. In March 1982, Love created an anti–vandalism incentive, which funds saved by reducing vandalism was given to schools for art subjects. Love created discipline codes within the district. In addition to instituting
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push for my appointment. I do not feel obligated to any public figure." After losing the vote to not serve as superintendent in July 1984, Love reached out to Byrne via. phone call in August 1984; asking her to sway board members who she had appointed to vote in her favor. Byrne stated to Love that her appointees were split in the contract votes and that she wouldn't intervene on their decisions.
448:, who served as the first African–American to head the district. The school district at the time was made up of 55,000 students and $ 125 million budget. As superintendent, Love was signed to a $ 49,000 a–year contract. Love held that position for six years before resigning and accepting the job of Chicago superintendent of schools in February 1981.
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sake of the high school seniors who would need credits to graduate. In statements to local news organizations, Love likened the tension between herself and the strikers at one school to being attacked by a group of "vicious dogs". The strike was ended with Love and the school board giving the teacher's a 5% raise, 2.5% bonus and a one-year pact.
601:. Schaaf spoke about Love: "It is my esteemed honor to recognize the personal and professional contribution Dr. Ruth Love has made to Oakland and students around the world. In addition to her phenomenal lifetime of work, it is her extraordinary personal character that has made her such an enduring force for educational advancement and equity."
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information about the search, Mitchell admitted that he fabricated the story. Mitchell said that a
Chicago firm did search Love office and car, But they found nothing. Mitchell said he created the story for many reasons, most notably to discourage the possibility of future wiretaps and to test the effectiveness of the
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reporter Vernon
Jarrett, Jarrett asked Love was she the superintendent of school because Byrne chose her; Love was quoted saying "That is not my understanding. I have a pretty good knowledge of how I was chosen and of the individual school board members who had enough faith in me and my reputation to
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During the
Chicago mayoral election campaign in late–1982, Love chose not to attend public appearances with Byrne upon her request. Love stated that she objected to the mayor using her picture and name in her campaign literature. Despite being hired under the Byrne administration, Love decided not to
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for Love's safety. Mitchell claimed it was all his idea and that Love knew nothing about the story being false. On April 23, 1981, Love held a news conference announcing
Mitchell's resignation and publicly apologized to the school board and mayor Byrne: "I had no knowledge of this discrepancy when it
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and school board members in
December 1980. After a month of negotiating on a contract, Love accepted the offer on January 9, 1981, and began her job on March 25. At the time, Love was the highest paid local school official in the United States; under a $ 120,000–a year contract. The accepting of the
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from
October 3–18, 1983, At the time the longest teacher's strike in Chicago; Love was criticized by the union and teacher supporters as being "Ruthless and Loveless" for her approach to the union and her actions to open three schools despite the strike. Love claimed she made that decision for the
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to serve as superintendent, to addition
Chicago Public Schools language specialist Dr. Joann Roberts called Love "Overrated" and said she didn't have the proper concern for African–American children in Chicago. Despite that opposition, Love received support from numerous people including Reverend
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In May 1981, Love proposed the reinstating of the traditional grading system in the city's elementary schools. As superintendent, Love created and implemented the "Chicago
Mastery Learning Program" during the 1981–82 school year. The program made it mandatory that all elementary school students'
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Before beginning her tenure as school superintendent and during her career with
Oakland Unified Schools District, Love was appointed to several different positions. Love was a consultant to the Bureau of Pupil Personnel Services; Director of the Bureau of Compensatory Education beginning in 1963
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Among the tapes acquired by the FBI in the wake of the Jonestown massacre was tape Q718, a recording of a March 1979 broadcast regarding a trip that Love who was the superintendent of the Oakland Unified School District and California Congressman Ron Dellums took to Cuba in October 1977. It is
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and racism. Love claimed that her civil rights were violated when she was denied a new contract, charging that three Hispanic and white board members who voted against the renewal of her contract were racist in October 1984. Love asked a judge to order her re-instated by the Chicago Board of
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In April 1981, Love's chief deputy Charles Mitchell Jr. reported to the school board and the public that after an investigation by a Detroit private investigator; electronic devices had been found in Love's office and car. After the F.B.I and others tried to contact the investigator for more
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until her retirement in 2014. Love was married twice and had no children. Her first marriage was to Phillip Holmes Goodwin from December 1954 until 1962. Love later married James A. Holloway in April 1967, they divorced in 1977. Love died on June 6, 2022, in Oakland, California, aged 90.
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Love became a commentator for a Chicago television station after her career superintendency ended. In 1987, Love conducted a consulting firm, RBL Enterprises LTD., of which she served as president, in California. In addition to the consulting firm, Love was the publisher of the
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into Chicago public high schools, Love began the Chicago High School Renaissance Program during the 1982–83 school year. The program served as an attempt to keep students performing at class level; basing the program studies in reading, writing and mathematics.
654:
Abridged Biography and Genealogy Master Index: A Consolidated Index to More Than 1,600,000 Biographical Sketches from Over 115 Selected Current and Retrospective Biographical Dictionaries Indexed in Biography and Genealogy Master Index Through 1987, Volume
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In July 1984, The school board made up of eleven members; three Hispanics, four Whites and four African–Americans voted 6–5 to not renew Love's contract as superintendent which expired in March 1985. Love sued the board and allies of mayor
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on April 22, 1932 (dispute other sources that cite her birth year as 1935 and 1939), Love was the second of five children born to Alvin E. (1911–1974) and Burnett C. Love (née Williams; 1912–1997), Love was raised in
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and England. Love was an exchange teacher sent to England in 1961. In November 1975, Love was appointed Superintendent of Schools for the Oakland Public School district after the assassination of superintendent
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unclear why the People's Temple recorded this broadcast. Jim Jones did have an active interest in education. According to Salon, Congressman John Burton lobbied to have Jones appointed to the Board of Regents.
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Education as superintendent under the guides Love claiming she had been removed from office in a discriminatory manner in November 1984. Love settled with the board out of court for an undisclosed amount.
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Sidney Marland where she served until resigning in April 1982, A year after beginning her tenure as superintendent of schools in Chicago. Love received an honorary doctorate literature degree from
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370:, after her family migrated there during the 1940s. Love became interested in being a teacher at an early age; following in the footsteps of her grandfather, Andrew A. Williams, who was a
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was reported to the board and public. I apologize for bringing this embarrassment to the city and to the Chicago schools." People questioned Love's involvement in the hoax when
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from December 1962 until 1970. In August 1971, Love was chosen as Director of The Right to Read program with the U.S. Office of Health and Education in Washington, D.C. by then-
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During Love's tenure as superintendent, There were two Chicago Teacher's Union strikes; one in 1983 that lasted 15 days and a 10-day strike in 1984. In the midst of a 15-day
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job by Love received mixed responses from city school board members, community members and political leaders. Some school board members and black political leaders such as
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from March 1981 until March 1985. Love was the first African-American to serve as superintendent for the Chicago Public Schools district. In 1983, Love received the
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reporter Vernon Jarrett quoted Love saying she had seen the electronic bugs herself and telling board members that she saw wires that led straight to Chicago's
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Equal Educational Opportunity 1971: Compensatory education and other ... By United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity
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identify herself as being connected to the administration; ultimately deciding not to endorse Byrne in her 1983 re–election bid. During an interview with
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in 1960. In addition to becoming a teacher with Oakland schools, Love was a counselor and consultant for a Ford Foundation project. Love became a
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at age twelve, and a teacher and founder of the first school for African Americans in Lawton, Oklahoma. Love attended
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580:, a now defunct local newspaper in Oakland, California. Love later served as a professor at her college Alma mater
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until September 1965. Love also served on the President's Mental Health Commission and board of directors for the
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Chicago Tribune : Love's -"Bush League" Training Ill-suited To Woes Here: Caruso (February 21, 1981)
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during a meeting in Chicago, Illinois for the President's Commission on Mental Health on April 20, 1977.
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Love began her career in the education field becoming a teacher and adult education teacher with the
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In May 2015, Love was honored with a tribute at Lake Chalet in Oakland, California. Oakland mayor
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1 Biographical Dictionary of Modern American Educators By Frederik Ohles, Shirley M. Ohles, Joh
16:
American educator, education administrator and former public schools superintendent (1932–2022)
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Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events – By Jessie Carney Smith
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483:, who was quoted saying that her skills were "tailor-made" for the Chicago school district.
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1059:'Bugging' a Hoax, School Board Aide Admits in Chicago: The Washington Post (April 24, 1981)
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Black Woman Named Superintendent for Oakland Calif. (Jet Magazine : November 13, 1975)
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American Women Managers and Administrators: A Selective Biographical By Judith A. Leavitt
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Black Firsts: 4,000 Ground-Breaking and Pioneering Historical Events – (1981) Ruth Love
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Ruth B Love – April 22, 1932 – June 6, 2022, Chapel of the Chimes, Oakland, California
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1133:"STRIKEWATCH: SCAB is anyone who crosses a picket line of a union authorized strike"
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1970:
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Jackson, Henderson Among Victims of Oakland Fire (Jet Magazine: November 11, 1991)
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New York Times – Chicago Schools Chief In Center Of Storm, Again – August 12, 1989
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Chicago schools $ 74 Million 'In Red' For 1985–86 Chicago Tribune (April 10, 1985)
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in 1959. In 1970, Love received her PhD in Human Behavior and Psychology from the
344:. Love was named as one among 100 of the best school managers in North America by
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Giant Word Search Puzzle Book of Notable Black Firsts and Facts – By J. C. Wilson
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1935:
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Chicago School Boss Is Fired From $ 120,000 Job (Jet Magazine: August 13, 1984)
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1950 Bakersfield High School Yearbook (Bakersfield, California), Classmates.com
882:
Encyclopedia of African-American Education – By Faustine Childress Jones-Wilson
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378:, graduating in 1950. After high school, Love went on to study education at
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Cicely Tyson Among Top Celebs Awarded Degrees (Jet Magazine: June 11, 1984)
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32:
1071:"AROUND THE NATION – Chicago Official Says Aide Fabricated Bugging Report"
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Love was offered the job of superintendent of schools in Chicago by mayor
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Ebony Magazine – Oakland- The Other Great City By The Bay – October 1980
1990:
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Chicago Tribune – Villalobos Is Named School Board Chief – May 28, 1981
320:. Love was formerly a professor of education at her college alma mater
561:
1004:
Chicago Tribune – Jesse Is Quoted As Backing Love – January 14, 1981
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wanted Chicago schools deputy superintendent African–American Dr.
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516:. Mayor Byrne referred to the bugging situation as "disgusting".
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Exchange Educator; participating in educational experiences in
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Chicago Tribune – Real School Success Story – December 9, 1981
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Ruth B Love Obituary (1932–2022)|Oakland, CA – Echovita
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honored Love with a proclamation of April 26, 2015, as
1651:
Women in Science Hall of Fame (U.S. State Department)
1305:
United States and International Women's Halls of Fame
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Women in Aviation International Pioneer Hall of Fame
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Senate Bill By California. Legislature. Senate, 1971
705:
Biographical Dictionary of Modern American Educators
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1037:The Crisis – Love and Chicago School – March 1982
1751:Alameda County (California) Women's Hall of Fame
1224:"Love To Ask U.S. Judge To Order Her Reinstated"
3540:African-American history in Oakland, California
328:from November 1975 until February 1981 and the
308:(April 22, 1932 – June 6, 2022), also known as
1656:Women in Technology International Hall of Fame
1157:Chicago Divided On Move Against Schools' Chief
727:In Memoriam, Dr. Ruth Love, 90 – June 18, 2022
105:November 10, 1975 – February 28, 1981
3525:United States International University alumni
1735:
1290:
1267:A Tribute to Education Pioneer, Dr. Ruth Love
1111:"Byrne Says Love Sent Her An SOS To Keep Job"
8:
839:"CANDACE AWARD RECIPIENTS 1982–1990, Page 2"
801:Sheppard, Nathaniel Jr. (January 14, 1981).
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1275:
560:for $ 12 million, charging them with
31:
20:
3510:Superintendents of Chicago Public Schools
1682:International Women's Sports Hall of Fame
1677:International Women's Boxing Hall of Fame
1048:Ebony – Chicago High Schools – April 1986
200:
3437:Superintendent of Chicago Public Schools
1318:National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame
860:Jet Magazine: People (February 20, 1984)
61:March 25, 1981 – March 30, 1985
49:Superintendent of Chicago Public Schools
3560:20th-century African-American academics
3555:20th-century African-American educators
1687:La GalerĂa de las Mujeres de Costa Rica
1639:US Army Women’s Foundation Hall of Fame
749:
747:
745:
610:
324:. Love served as superintendent of the
1183:
1173:
803:"BLACK WOMAN GIVEN CHICAGO SCHOOL JOB"
700:
698:
388:United States International University
267:United States International University
229:
3545:Oakland Unified School District staff
3520:San Francisco State University alumni
3505:20th-century American women educators
1642:USA Powerlifting Women’s Hall of Fame
1154:Fuchs, Lawrence H. (August 9, 1984).
843:National Coalition of 100 Black Women
649:
647:
569:Later career, personal life and death
342:National Coalition of 100 Black Women
7:
3570:21st-century African-American people
3535:School superintendents in California
1202:"Ruth Love Calmly Ends Stormy Reign"
1091:. Chicago Tribune. February 11, 1983
664:
662:
3575:21st-century African-American women
3550:20th-century African-American women
3495:People from Bakersfield, California
2998:Carolyn Russell (community service)
1226:. Chicago Tribune. November 7, 1984
1089:"What Supt. Ruth Love Isn't Saying"
618:A Look at Love's Labors: April 1983
759:"LEEP Program Faculty – Ruth Love"
755:University of California, Berkeley
14:
3210:Margaret Tracy (environmentalist)
2472:Mary Jackson ( Community Service)
2229:Sandy Ferreira (environmentalist)
1204:. Chicago Tribune. March 24, 1985
1113:. Chicago Tribune. August 3, 1983
3515:San Jose State University alumni
3170:Elaine Taylor (environmentalist)
2381:LaDonna Harris (law enforcement)
233:
204:
3565:20th-century American academics
3485:20th-century American educators
3411:Oakland Unified School District
2310:Margaret Gordon (public health)
1661:Women's Basketball Hall of Fame
1135:. Substance News. July 22, 2012
433:Oakland Unified School District
326:Oakland Unified School District
225:
196:
93:Oakland Unified School District
3580:Bakersfield High School alumni
3475:American school administrators
3175:Nicole Taylor (philanthropist)
2882:Carla Perez (environmentalist)
1709:Women's Wrestling Hall of Fame
1703:Victorian Honour Roll of Women
1697:Tasmanian Honour Roll of Women
1692:Singapore Women's Hall of Fame
582:San Francisco State University
417:U.S. Commissioner of Education
384:San Francisco State University
322:San Francisco State University
260:San Francisco State University
1:
3139:Judith Smith (Alameda County)
1589:East Idaho Women of Influence
1323:National Women's Hall of Fame
3480:People from Lawton, Oklahoma
2497:Dee Johnson (Alameda County)
1961:Carol Brown (Alameda County)
1800:Monica Anderson (California)
893:The HistoryMakers: Ruth Love
534:CTU strikes of 1983 and 1984
316:, author and former schools
2750:Barbara Millican Montgomery
2659:Henriette M. Leclerc Lovett
982:Jet Magazine: April 9, 1981
3596:
3262:Anna Wang (Alameda County)
3215:Sandy Turner (health care)
312:was an American educator,
3500:Educators from California
3443:
3434:
3425:
3417:
3407:
3401:
3396:
2527:Victoria Jones (business)
2376:Cynthia Harris (educator)
2198:Catherine (Suárez) Dunbar
928:.Retrieved July 19, 2020.
503:Chicago Police Department
380:San Jose State University
299:
253:San Jose State University
129:
98:
54:
42:
30:
3327:Rhonda Wood (wine maker)
3149:Nancy Steele (education)
3114:Michele Raymond Silsdorf
2239:Halie Fitzwater-Williams
1624:Savannah Women of Vision
1564:Northern Mariana Islands
674:. Ebony Magazine. 1973.
357:Early life and education
3530:Educators from Illinois
3490:Educators from Oklahoma
3185:Candi Thornton-McCreary
2796:Shirley Nelson (banker)
2725:Michelle Smith McDonald
2532:Natassija Jordan-Oliver
2522:Sharon Richardson Jones
2350:Katherine Dunphy Guzman
2340:Mary Jane Gross, RN, MN
2320:Dorothy Graham (health)
1926:Julia Madison Blackwell
1815:Saundra Brown Armstrong
671:1,000 successful Blacks
544:Chicago Teacher's Union
427:Oakland School District
376:Bakersfield High School
368:Bakersfield, California
340:for Education from the
314:education administrator
283:education administrator
3064:Liisa Pine Schoonmaker
2983:Kristin Groos Richmond
2877:Peggy Peabody (ballet)
2765:Tanya Moore (activist)
2690:Connie Galambos Malloy
2563:Carol Kotewicz-Dencker
1805:Pamela Arbuckle Alston
461:Chicago Public Schools
407:
330:Chicago Public Schools
91:Superintendent of the
3342:Nancy Wu (California)
3084:Elizabeth Shaughnessy
2968:Sonjia Parker Redmond
2715:Elizabeth Lloyd Mayer
2705:Shirley Manly-Lampkin
2512:Kyla Johnson-Trammell
2249:Aloysia Rochon Fouché
2133:Bonnie Davis (author)
1911:Veronica Ventura Bitz
413:National Urban League
401:
310:Ruth B. Love-Holloway
288:School Superintendent
3397:Educational offices
3257:Jennifer Lynn Walker
3205:Arthurlene G. Towner
3134:Loyola Maynard Smith
2902:Sandra Pitts-Johnson
2649:Vanessa Hanley Lordi
2436:Susan Hubbard, Ph.D.
2027:Courtenay Carr Heuer
1379:District of Columbia
577:Oakland Sun-Reporter
489:standardized testing
3190:Sandra J. Threlfall
2993:Sylvia Rosales-Fike
2963:Bernida Mary Reagan
2517:Loren Jones (Helen)
2366:Jacqueline Hairston
2325:Gloria Grant-Wilson
2047:Eva Clark (Alameda)
2022:Cynthia Carey-Grant
1598:Okaloosa County, FL
589:Honors and tributes
334:Horatio Alger Award
173:Oakland, California
3409:Superintendent of
3332:Vanessa Woodmansee
3200:Robin E. Toussaint
3195:Stephanie Tietbohl
2988:Favianna Rodriguez
2953:Tina Raine-Bennett
2669:Taylor Marie Lyons
2553:Nazineen Kandahari
2401:Maria G. Hernandez
2386:Patricia Hendricks
2072:Brenda J. Crawford
1986:Esther Brown Mabry
1981:Stephanie Y. Brown
1856:Yolanda Baldovinos
1820:Carol Maddox Arata
1633:Misc United States
1593:Lebanon County, PA
1585:Alameda County, CA
1075:The New York Times
849:on March 14, 2003.
807:The New York Times
421:Atlanta University
408:
348:Magazine in 1984.
185:Phillip H. Goodwin
3453:
3452:
3444:Succeeded by
3418:Succeeded by
3391:
3390:
3272:Pauline A. Weaver
3129:Sonya L. Smallets
3049:Mona Vaughn Scott
3034:Wendy Schlesinger
2978:Julie Rems-Smario
2897:Lisa W. Piatetsky
2841:Fleurdeliz Orjalo
2831:Nancy E. O'Malley
2745:Hope A. Michelsen
2740:Dominique Mellion
2710:Arabella Martinez
2634:Joan Tarika Lewis
2619:Nancy K. D. Lemon
2609:Jocelyn D. Larkin
2502:Sylvia J. Johnson
2487:Frances Jefferson
2396:Lizbeth Hernandez
2264:Peggy Fulton Hora
2244:Deborah Ale Flint
2203:Helen Jane Duvall
2193:Norlen E. Drossel
2143:Deborah DeAngelis
1996:Lisa Busbee-Young
1956:Diamond Broussard
1921:Marcia Blackstock
1906:Barbara Bernstein
1785:Carole Ward Allen
1775:Patricia Aguilera
1717:
1716:
1167:978-0-8195-7244-8
1077:. April 24, 1981.
681:978-0-87485-060-4
599:Dr. Ruth Love Day
558:Harold Washington
306:Ruth Burnett Love
303:
302:
265:
258:
251:
214:James A. Holloway
143:Ruth Burnett Love
3587:
3447:Manford Byrd Jr.
3426:Preceded by
3420:Robert Blackburn
3402:Preceded by
3394:
3378:Natalya Zaitseva
3373:Katherine Yelick
3358:Kristi Yamaguchi
3307:Niculia Williams
3241:Darlene Vendegna
3094:Winda I. Shimizu
3079:Dawn Shaughnessy
2816:Sylvia M. Oberti
2791:Connie L. Nelson
2770:Susan Muscarella
2760:Corinne Mohrmann
2720:Claire Ellen Max
2644:Ethel Long-Scott
2624:Audrey A. LePell
2416:Sherry M. Hirota
2345:Erin Nikole Gums
2335:G. G. Greenhouse
2285:Carolyn Getridge
2158:Lois De Domenico
2148:Elaine DeColigny
2138:Freddye M. Davis
1851:Sally Joan Baker
1744:
1737:
1730:
1721:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1067:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1001:
995:
990:
984:
979:
973:
968:
962:
957:
951:
946:
940:
935:
929:
923:
917:
912:
906:
901:
895:
890:
884:
879:
873:
868:
862:
857:
851:
850:
845:. Archived from
835:
829:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
798:
792:
787:
781:
776:
770:
769:
767:
765:
751:
740:
735:
729:
724:
718:
713:
707:
702:
693:
692:
690:
688:
666:
657:
651:
642:
637:
631:
626:
620:
615:
476:Manford Byrd Jr.
402:Love glances at
363:Lawton, Oklahoma
263:
256:
249:
237:
235:
231:
227:
208:
206:
202:
198:
169:
156:Lawton, Oklahoma
152:
150:
134:Personal details
125:Robert Blackburn
122:
112:
103:
85:Manford Byrd Jr.
81:
68:
59:
35:
21:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3440:
3432:
3429:Angeline Caruso
3421:
3414:
3405:
3404:J. David Bowick
3392:
3387:
3363:Audrey Yamamoto
3346:
3337:Mary Ann Wright
3312:Colette Winlock
3297:Bonnie Wheatley
3245:
3236:Deborah Vaughan
3219:
3180:Marye L. Thomas
3158:
3109:Charlene Sigman
3099:Fatemeh Shirazi
3089:Suzanne Shenfil
3059:Leilani Shaffer
3002:
2948:Majeedah Rahman
2926:
2912:Lisa A. Poyneer
2860:
2851:Trina Ostrander
2774:
2700:Sonia B. Manjon
2695:Linda Mandolini
2673:
2614:Kimberly Larson
2592:
2541:
2460:
2354:
2268:
2207:
2168:Rebecca Denison
2128:Margot Dashiell
2101:
2067:Stephanie Couch
2052:Aeeshah Clottey
2037:Jacqueline Chen
2017:Sallie T. Carey
2000:
1861:Priscilla Banks
1824:
1770:Themy-Jo Adachi
1753:
1748:
1718:
1713:
1665:
1628:
1602:
1573:
1545:
1327:
1306:
1303:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1261:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1182:
1172:
1168:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1013:
1009:
1002:
998:
991:
987:
980:
976:
969:
965:
958:
954:
947:
943:
936:
932:
924:
920:
913:
909:
902:
898:
891:
887:
880:
876:
869:
865:
858:
854:
837:
836:
832:
825:
821:
811:
809:
800:
799:
795:
788:
784:
777:
773:
763:
761:
753:
752:
743:
736:
732:
725:
721:
714:
710:
703:
696:
686:
684:
682:
668:
667:
660:
652:
645:
638:
634:
627:
623:
616:
612:
607:
591:
571:
553:
536:
527:Chicago Tribune
522:
509:Chicago Tribune
498:
463:
454:
429:
404:Rosalynn Carter
396:
359:
354:
295:
262:
255:
239:
236: 1977)
223:
219:
216:
215:
211:
210:
207: 1962)
194:
190:
187:
186:
171:
167:
154:
148:
146:
145:
144:
120:
115:J. David Bowick
110:
104:
99:
79:
72:Angeline Caruso
66:
60:
55:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3593:
3591:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3433:
3427:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3368:Liane Yasumoto
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3302:Akemi Williams
3299:
3294:
3292:Angela Wellman
3289:
3284:
3279:
3277:Elñora T. Webb
3274:
3269:
3267:Helen Waukazoo
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3104:Maya Shiroyama
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3039:Nancy Schluntz
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:Barbara Ramsey
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2821:Mildred Oliver
2818:
2813:
2808:
2806:Ayodele Nzinga
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2786:Spojmie Nasiri
2782:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2735:Tricia McMahon
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2639:Janet A. Liang
2636:
2631:
2629:Linda Levitsky
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2604:Hillary Larkin
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:Jennifer Krill
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2558:Marylia Kelley
2555:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2492:Tammy Jernigan
2489:
2484:
2479:
2477:Regina Jackson
2474:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2451:Gail D. Hunter
2448:
2443:
2441:Wei-Ling Huber
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2421:Mildred Howard
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2305:Gilda Gonzales
2302:
2300:Ruthe P. Gomez
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2280:Jane C. Garcia
2276:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:Margaret Dixon
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1976:Oral Lee Brown
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1931:Carolyn Bloede
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:Minnie Bateman
1883:
1878:
1876:Ophelia Basgal
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1846:Alison Barakat
1843:
1841:Zuhal Bahaduri
1838:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1795:Beena Ammanath
1792:
1790:Cherri Allison
1787:
1782:
1780:Terry Alderete
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1570:Virgin Islands
1568:
1565:
1562:
1557:
1556:American Samoa
1553:
1551:
1550:US Territories
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1506:South Carolina
1504:
1499:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1476:North Carolina
1473:
1470:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1259:
1248:
1237:
1215:
1193:
1166:
1146:
1124:
1102:
1080:
1062:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1007:
996:
985:
974:
963:
952:
941:
930:
918:
907:
896:
885:
874:
863:
852:
830:
819:
793:
782:
771:
741:
730:
719:
708:
694:
680:
658:
643:
632:
621:
609:
608:
606:
603:
590:
587:
570:
567:
552:
549:
535:
532:
521:
518:
497:
494:
462:
459:
453:
452:Jonestown Tape
450:
428:
425:
395:
392:
372:run-away slave
358:
355:
353:
350:
318:superintendent
301:
300:
297:
296:
294:
293:
290:
285:
280:
276:
274:
270:
269:
247:
241:
240:
221:
217:
213:
212:
192:
188:
184:
183:
181:
177:
176:
170:(aged 90)
164:
160:
159:
153:April 22, 1932
142:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
117:
116:
113:
107:
106:
96:
95:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
69:
63:
62:
52:
51:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3592:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3430:
3424:
3413:
3412:
3400:
3395:
3384:
3383:Bethany Zummo
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Kristina Wolf
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:Ilene Weinreb
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3154:Darla Stevens
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Norma S. Rees
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:Lauryn Nguyen
2799:
2797:
2794:
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2755:Rashima Mogha
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2482:Crystal Jaing
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2446:Pam Hullinger
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2315:Corrina Gould
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2290:Minnie Gibson
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2259:Dianne Fukami
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2153:Quinn Delaney
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2097:Nicole Curran
2095:
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2087:Sarah Crowell
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2077:Dona Crawford
2075:
2073:
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2062:Susan A. Cota
2060:
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2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Linda Campana
2010:
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1994:
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1989:
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1984:
1982:
1979:
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1974:
1972:
1969:
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1954:
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1951:Peggy Bristol
1949:
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1929:
1927:
1924:
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1919:
1917:
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1901:Amanda Berger
1899:
1897:
1896:Suzan Bateson
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
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1879:
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1871:Kathie Barkow
1869:
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1866:Suzanne Barba
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1765:Noha Aboelata
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1578:County-Region
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1536:West Virginia
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1461:New Hampshire
1460:
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1435:Massachusetts
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559:
551:End of tenure
550:
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545:
541:
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531:
528:
520:Love v. Byrne
519:
517:
515:
511:
510:
504:
495:
493:
490:
484:
482:
481:Jesse Jackson
477:
473:
472:Jesse Jackson
468:
467:Jane M. Byrne
460:
458:
451:
449:
447:
446:Marcus Foster
442:
438:
434:
426:
424:
423:in May 1984.
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393:
391:
390:, San Diego.
389:
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338:Candace Award
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83:
77:
73:
70:
64:
58:
53:
50:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3435:
3408:
3282:Cecilia Weed
3231:Agnes Ubalde
3144:Wendy Sommer
3124:Olis Simmons
3119:Bobbi Silten
3074:Kemba Shakur
3054:Shonda Scott
3044:Davida Scott
2887:Roxana Perez
2872:Eva Paterson
2685:Erica Mackie
2654:Ruth B. Love
2653:
2588:Nicole Kyauk
2583:Kathy Kuhner
2568:Emily Kirsch
2507:Teri Johnson
2411:Sherry Higgs
2406:Diana Herron
2330:Gladys Green
2234:Jean Ficklin
2224:Leora Feeney
2118:Sade Daniels
2113:Helen Daniel
2092:Valeria Cruz
2082:Gigi Crowder
2057:June A. Cook
2032:Boona Cheema
1971:Elaine Brown
1966:Carole Brown
1946:Gina Bonanno
1941:Viola Blythe
1810:Marie Archer
1509:South Dakota
1502:Rhode Island
1498:Pennsylvania
1480:North Dakota
1262:
1251:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1196:
1156:
1149:
1137:. Retrieved
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1083:
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988:
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888:
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866:
855:
847:the original
842:
833:
822:
810:. Retrieved
806:
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774:
764:November 14,
762:. Retrieved
733:
722:
711:
685:. Retrieved
670:
635:
624:
613:
598:
595:Libby Schaaf
592:
575:
572:
554:
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523:
507:
499:
496:Bugging hoax
485:
464:
455:
430:
409:
360:
345:
309:
305:
304:
168:(2022-06-06)
166:June 6, 2022
121:Succeeded by
100:
80:Succeeded by
56:
25:Ruth B. Love
18:
3470:2022 deaths
3465:1932 births
3317:Alba Witkin
3069:Moina Shaiq
3024:Laura Savio
3019:Peggy Saika
2943:Jerry Raber
2938:Ellen Raber
2922:Gayle Quinn
2917:Debra Pryor
2826:Donna Olsen
2811:Irene Obera
2664:Lisa Ludden
2573:Tina Krietz
2431:SiLin Huang
2391:Carol Henie
2173:Noor Dharni
2123:Rory Darrah
1936:Arlene Blum
1881:Hilary Bass
1705:(Australia)
1699:(Australia)
1619:El Paso, TX
1614:Chicago, IL
1567:Puerto Rico
1446:Mississippi
1369:Connecticut
1311:US National
1230:January 10,
1184:|work=
1117:January 10,
1095:January 10,
111:Preceded by
67:Preceded by
37:Love, 1981.
3459:Categories
3441:1981–1985
3415:1975–1981
3014:Rita Sahai
2907:Rona Popal
2846:Elsa Ortiz
2456:Hope Ishii
2254:Reign Free
2219:Jenny Fang
2188:Pamm Drake
2042:Mary Cheng
1916:Jean Bjork
1891:Alta Bates
1836:Madi Bacon
1533:Washington
1469:New Mexico
1465:New Jersey
1359:California
812:August 30,
687:August 29,
605:References
273:Profession
245:Alma mater
232:;
203:;
149:1932-04-22
3431:(interim)
2892:Ann Petru
2856:Casey Oto
2836:Susan Opp
2426:Sherry Hu
2371:Arooj Haq
2295:Judy Goff
1607:City-Town
1539:Wisconsin
1513:Tennessee
1443:Minnesota
1421:Louisiana
1208:April 15,
1186:ignored (
1176:cite book
1139:April 16,
514:City Hall
437:Fulbright
352:Biography
180:Spouse(s)
101:In office
74:(interim)
57:In office
2183:Sue Doro
1529:Virginia
1489:Oklahoma
1472:New York
1455:Nebraska
1449:Missouri
1439:Michigan
1431:Maryland
1416:Kentucky
1401:Illinois
1374:Delaware
1364:Colorado
1354:Arkansas
361:Born in
346:Educator
279:Educator
3029:Hel Say
1991:Thi Bui
1542:Wyoming
1525:Vermont
1452:Montana
1404:Indiana
1389:Georgia
1384:Florida
1349:Arizona
1339:Alabama
542:by the
238:
222:
218:
209:
193:
189:
1494:Oregon
1458:Nevada
1412:Kansas
1393:Hawaii
1344:Alaska
1332:States
1164:
678:
562:sexism
540:strike
394:Career
336:and a
292:Author
228:
199:
175:, U.S.
158:, U.S.
1518:Texas
1426:Maine
1397:Idaho
441:Ghana
224:(
220:
195:(
191:
47:20th
1560:Guam
1522:Utah
1484:Ohio
1408:Iowa
1232:2017
1210:2014
1188:help
1162:ISBN
1141:2014
1119:2017
1097:2017
814:2021
766:2014
689:2018
676:ISBN
257:M.A.
250:B.A.
234:div.
230:1967
205:div.
201:1954
163:Died
139:Born
3351:X-Z
3224:U-V
2865:P-Q
2779:N-O
2359:H-I
2212:E-F
264:PhD
3461::
1180::
1178:}}
1174:{{
1160:.
1073:.
841:.
805:.
757:.
744:^
697:^
661:^
646:^
226:m.
197:m.
3250:W
3163:T
3007:S
2931:R
2678:M
2597:L
2546:K
2465:J
2273:G
2106:D
2005:C
1829:B
1758:A
1743:e
1736:t
1729:v
1298:e
1291:t
1284:v
1234:.
1212:.
1190:)
1170:.
1143:.
1121:.
1099:.
816:.
768:.
691:.
655:1
151:)
147:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
