223:
96:
972:
39:
630:, which stated "If the MDR is dissolved, conditions for the elections will change even more dramatically. As the only party outside of the RPF with any substantial support, the MDR would be the only one able to seriously contest at least the legislative if not the presidential elections." The MDR was banned, and
610:
outside observers; according to the scholar
Timothy Longman, "the Rwandan population experienced the elections not as a transition to democracy but as a series of forced mobilizations that ultimately helped to consolidate RPF rule." The international reactions were nevertheless muted, which, according to
609:
The results were disputed by
Faustin Twagiramungu, the main opposition candidate, who argued that "People were controlled, people were forced to vote. It’s not possible that we in the opposition got only 3.7% of the vote. There is something wrong." The elections were widely condemned as fraudulent by
614:, "reinforced the RPF in its conviction that things would blow over, which they did." In Reyntjens' view, "after failing Rwanda in 1994, the international community did so again in 2003 by allowing a dictatorship to take hold."
328:
476:
536:
577:
541:
960:
248:
938:
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453:
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1027:
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365:
60:
1218:
883:
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323:
266:
563:
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1126:
278:
130:
1223:
668:
603:
352:
196:
181:
125:
243:
236:
796:
512:
900:"Preparing for Elections: Tightening Control in the Name of Unity, Human Rights Watch Briefing Paper"
821:
683:
631:
332:
303:
113:
976:
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390:
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283:
17:
907:
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213:
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290:
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502:
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611:
310:
525:
316:
222:
1207:
927:
95:
663:
599:
271:
192:
177:
107:
88:
594:
on 25 August 2003. They were the first direct presidential elections since the
775:
598:
and the first multi-party presidential elections in the country's history.
922:
626:(MDR), which was charged with "divisionism". This move was criticized by
971:
622:
Prior to the elections a campaign was launched by the RPF to ban the
591:
942:
606:(RPF) was elected to a seven-year term with 95% of the vote.
822:"Faustin Twagiramungu To Challenge Rwandan Election Results"
1170:
1119:
1041:
983:
71:
168:
27:Election of Paul Kagame as President of Rwanda
954:
571:
8:
872:Political Governance in Post-Genocide Rwanda
473:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation
30:
961:
947:
939:
843:Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda
641:
578:
564:
208:
29:
845:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
809:Presidential election of 25 August 2003
789:
772:
761:
750:
739:
728:
724:
713:
211:
874:. Cambridge University Press. p.
762:
751:
740:
729:
646:
634:was forced to run as an independent.
7:
590:Presidential elections were held in
977:Elections and referendums in Rwanda
18:Rwandan presidential election, 2003
31:2003 Rwandan presidential election
25:
1214:Presidential elections in Rwanda
970:
221:
94:
87:
37:
923:"Kagame won, a little too well"
249:International Criminal Tribunal
624:Democratic Republican Movement
1:
1240:
799:African Elections Database
776:African Elections Database
701:Jean-Népomuscène Nayinzira
931:. Kigali. 28 August 2003.
870:Reyntjens, Filip (2013).
841:Longman, Timothy (2017).
773:
763:Registered voters/turnout
725:
714:
655:
652:
649:
173:President before election
166:
79:
47:
35:
1219:2003 elections in Africa
366:Administrative divisions
1043:Parliamentary elections
669:Rwandan Patriotic Front
604:Rwandan Patriotic Front
985:Presidential elections
491:Diplomatic missions of
684:Faustin Twagiramungu
632:Faustin Twagiramungu
333:Donatille Mukabalisa
114:Faustin Twagiramungu
797:Elections in Rwanda
741:Invalid/blank votes
643:
324:Chamber of Deputies
32:
908:Human Rights Watch
642:
628:Human Rights Watch
214:Politics of Rwanda
137:Popular vote
1201:
1200:
830:. 26 August 2003.
781:
780:
596:Rwandan Civil War
588:
587:
508:Visa requirements
467:Foreign relations
454:Political parties
397:Recent elections
207:
206:
203:
202:
188:Elected President
162:
161:
67:
66:
52:← 2000
16:(Redirected from
1231:
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827:Voice of America
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580:
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481:Richard Sezibera
284:Édouard Ngirente
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209:
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49:
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42:
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33:
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1166:
1120:Local elections
1115:
1037:
979:
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612:Filip Reyntjens
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43:
38:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1237:
1235:
1227:
1226:
1224:2003 in Rwanda
1221:
1216:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
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914:
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526:United Nations
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321:
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317:Bernard Makuza
307:
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288:
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279:Prime Minister
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185:
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77:
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65:
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58:
56:25 August 2003
53:
45:
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26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1125:
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1118:
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1052:
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1044:
1040:
1034:
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1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
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1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
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991:
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986:
982:
978:
973:
964:
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950:
945:
944:
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930:
929:
928:The Economist
924:
918:
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901:
895:
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885:9781107043558
881:
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866:
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856:9781107678095
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829:
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645:
637:
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629:
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613:
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593:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
561:
559:
558:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
532:
531:
527:
522:
521:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
496:
492:
489:
488:
482:
478:
475:
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468:
463:
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455:
452:
445:
442:
440:
436:
435:
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428:
425:
423:
419:
418:
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402:
401:
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398:
396:
395:
392:
387:
386:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
367:
362:
361:
354:
353:Supreme Court
351:
350:
344:
343:
334:
330:
327:
326:
325:
322:
318:
314:
313:
312:
309:
308:
305:
300:
299:
292:
289:
285:
282:
281:
280:
277:
273:
270:
269:
268:
265:
264:
258:
257:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
238:
233:
232:
229:
228:
224:
220:
219:
215:
210:
199:
198:
194:
189:
186:
184:
183:
179:
174:
171:
170:
165:
157:
155:
152:
149:
148:
144:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
109:
105:
102:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
82:
78:
74:
70:
63: →
62:
59:
57:
54:
51:
50:
46:
34:
19:
1017:
926:
917:
906:
894:
871:
865:
842:
836:
825:
816:
804:
792:
621:
608:
589:
244:Human rights
237:Constitution
191:
187:
176:
172:
153:
140:
106:
55:
1171:Referendums
911:. May 2003.
752:Total votes
730:Valid votes
704:Independent
688:Independent
664:Paul Kagame
600:Paul Kagame
513:Visa policy
403:President:
315:President:
272:Paul Kagame
193:Paul Kagame
178:Paul Kagame
150:Percentage
131:Independent
108:Paul Kagame
1208:Categories
784:References
618:Background
420:Assembly:
304:Parliament
261:Government
811:Adam Carr
766:3,948,749
755:3,812,567
733:3,729,276
718:3,729,276
673:3,544,777
647:Candidate
528:in Rwanda
495:in Rwanda
391:Elections
378:Districts
373:Provinces
347:Judiciary
267:President
141:3,544,777
774:Source:
503:Passport
477:Ministry
437:Senate:
145:134,865
103:Nominee
691:134,865
638:Results
602:of the
329:Speaker
291:Cabinet
84:
72:Turnout
882:
853:
758:100.00
744:83,291
721:100.00
707:49,634
592:Rwanda
542:UNAMIR
537:UNOMUR
311:Senate
158:3.62%
154:95.05%
122:Party
75:96.55%
903:(PDF)
769:96.55
736:97.82
715:Total
676:95.05
653:Votes
650:Party
547:UNREO
1193:2015
1188:2003
1183:1978
1178:1961
1162:2021
1157:2016
1152:2011
1147:2006
1142:2001
1137:1999
1132:1993
1127:1960
1111:2024
1106:2018
1101:2013
1096:2008
1091:2003
1086:1988
1081:1983
1076:1981
1071:1969
1066:1965
1061:1961
1056:1957
1051:1954
1033:2024
1028:2017
1023:2010
1018:2003
1013:1988
1008:1983
1003:1978
998:1969
993:1965
880:ISBN
851:ISBN
847:164f
747:2.18
710:1.33
694:3.62
444:2019
439:2011
427:2024
422:2018
410:2024
405:2017
61:2010
876:42f
197:RPF
182:RPF
126:RPF
1210::
925:.
905:.
878:.
849:.
824:.
493:/
479::
331::
962:e
955:t
948:v
888:.
859:.
656:%
579:e
572:t
565:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
