741:
1056:. Mutant-type RyR1 receptors exposed to volatile anesthetics or other triggering agents can display an increased affinity for cytoplasmic Ca at activating sites as well as a decreased cytoplasmic Ca affinity at inhibitory sites. The breakdown of this feedback mechanism causes uncontrolled release of Ca into the cytoplasm, and increased ATP hydrolysis resulting from ATPase enzymes shuttling Ca back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum leads to excessive heat generation.
1118:
217:
1143:
scaffold connecting key regulatory domains to the pore. The RyR1 pore architecture shares the general structure of the six-transmembrane ion channel superfamily. A unique domain inserted between the second and third transmembrane helices interacts intimately with paired EF-hands originating from the
1135:
Ryanodine receptors are multidomain homotetramers which regulate intracellular calcium ion release from the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticula. They are the largest known ion channels, with weights exceeding 2 megadaltons, and their structural complexity enables a wide variety of allosteric
1035:
concentrations. High (greater than 5 mmol/L) caffeine concentrations cause a pronounced increase (from micromolar to picomolar) in the sensitivity of RyRs to Ca in the presence of caffeine, such that basal Ca concentrations become activatory. At low millimolar caffeine concentrations, the
818:
mechanism; a small amount of Ca in the cytosol near the receptor will cause it to release even more Ca (calcium-induced calcium release/CICR). However, as the concentration of intracellular Ca rises, this can trigger closing of RyR, preventing the total depletion of SR. This finding therefore
1108:
Sudden cardiac death in several young individuals in the Amish community (four of which were from the same family) was traced to homozygous duplication of a mutant RyR2 (Ryanodine
Receptor) gene. Normal (wild type) ryanodine receptors are involved in CICR in heart and other muscles, and RyR2
200:. There are three major isoforms of the ryanodine receptor, which are found in different tissues and participate in different signaling pathways involving calcium release from intracellular organelles. The RYR2 ryanodine receptor isoform is the major cellular mediator of
1014:
The plant alkaloid ryanodine, for which this receptor was named, has become an invaluable investigative tool. It can block the phasic release of calcium, but at low doses may not block the tonic cumulative calcium release. The binding of ryanodine to RyRs is
988:
binding protein, as opposed to 12 kDa FKBP12 which binds to RyR1) which normally bind (and blocks) RyR2 channel tetramer in an average stoichiometry of 3.6, to fall off RyR2 (which is the predominant RyR in pancreatic beta cells, cardiomyocytes and smooth
740:
1023:, works even at nanomolar) concentrations, ryanodine binding locks the RyRs into a long-lived subconductance (half-open) state and eventually depletes the store, while higher (~100 micromolar) concentrations irreversibly inhibit channel-opening.
1105:(i.e., MG). Individuals with MG who have antibodies directed against ryanodine receptors typically have a more severe form of generalized MG in which their skeletal muscle weaknesses involve muscles that govern basic life functions.
819:
indicates that a plot of opening probability for RyR as a function of Ca concentration is a bell-curve. Furthermore, RyR can sense the Ca concentration inside the ER/SR and spontaneously open in a process known as
287:, only have a single isoform. In non-metazoan species, calcium-release channels with sequence homology to RyRs can be found, but they are shorter than the mammalian ones and may be closer to IP3 Receptors.
5009:
889:
RyRs form docking platforms for a multitude of proteins and small molecule ligands. The cardiac-specific isoform of the receptor (RyR2) is known to form a quaternary complex with luminal
3132:
4042:
3777:
3029:
2962:
1834:"Functional defects in six ryanodine receptor isoform-1 (RyR1) mutations associated with malignant hyperthermia and their impact on skeletal excitation-contraction coupling"
789:
release from a number of ryanodine receptors in a ryanodine receptor cluster results in a spatiotemporally restricted rise in cytosolic calcium that can be visualised as a
145:
1232:
Zucchi R, Ronca-Testoni S (March 1997). "The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ channel/ryanodine receptor: modulation by endogenous effectors, drugs and disease states".
2102:
Santulli G, Lewis D, des
Georges A, Marks AR, Frank J (2018). "Ryanodine Receptor Structure and Function in Health and Disease". In Harris JR, Boekema EJ (eds.).
101:
89:
1036:
receptor opens in a quantal way, but has complicated behavior in terms of repeated use of caffeine or dependence on cytosolic or luminal calcium concentrations.
4994:
614:
471:
328:
1691:
Wang YX, Zheng YM, Mei QB, Wang QS, Collier ML, Fleischer S, et al. (March 2004). "FKBP12.6 and cADPR regulation of Ca2+ release in smooth muscle cells".
1478:
Meissner G, Darling E, Eveleth J (January 1986). "Kinetics of rapid Ca2+ release by sarcoplasmic reticulum. Effects of Ca2+, Mg2+, and adenine nucleotides".
4591:
2055:"Identification of a Novel Homozygous Multi-Exon Duplication in RYR2 Among Children With Exertion-Related Unexplained Sudden Deaths in the Amish Community"
1071:
795:. Ryanodine receptors are very close to mitochondria and calcium release from RyR has been shown to regulate ATP production in heart and pancreas cells.
1613:
Vites AM, Pappano AJ (March 1994). "Distinct modes of inhibition by ruthenium red and ryanodine of calcium-induced calcium release in avian atrium".
3973:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
1294:
Cheng H, Lederer WJ, Cannell MB (October 1993). "Calcium sparks: elementary events underlying excitation-contraction coupling in heart muscle".
5089:
3978:
3076:
2348:
999:
physical tether linking inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors on the intracellular calcium stores with cell surface
5709:
5699:
2119:
5704:
4809:
4030:
3211:
1785:"RYR1 mutations causing central core disease are associated with more severe malignant hyperthermia in vitro contracture test phenotypes"
1082:, and in brain tissue in knockin mice that express mutant Presenilin 1 at normal levels, and thus may play a role in the pathogenesis of
3928:
2949:
2365:
638:
495:
352:
3714:
1640:
Xu L, Tripathy A, Pasek DA, Meissner G (September 1998). "Potential for pharmacology of ryanodine receptor/calcium release channels".
1339:"Cardiomyocyte ATP production, metabolic flexibility, and survival require calcium flux through cardiac ryanodine receptors in vivo"
1000:
1194:
Santulli G, Marks AR (2015). "Essential Roles of
Intracellular Calcium Release Channels in Muscle, Brain, Metabolism, and Aging".
5714:
626:
483:
340:
5027:
5017:
4584:
4307:
3306:
3084:
2400:
1390:"Glucagon-like peptide-1 mobilizes intracellular Ca2+ and stimulates mitochondrial ATP synthesis in pancreatic MIN6 beta-cells"
799:
779:
201:
619:
476:
333:
4329:
1965:"Polymorphisms Within RYR3 Gene Are Associated With Risk and Age at Onset of Hypertension, Diabetes, and Alzheimer's Disease"
820:
165:
17:
4777:
4748:
4538:
2449:
3904:
2816:
1004:
901:. Calsequestrin has multiple Ca binding sites and binds Ca ions with very low affinity so they can be easily released.
5359:
5168:
4179:
1924:"Presenilin-1 mutations increase levels of ryanodine receptors and calcium release in PC12 cells and cortical neurons"
5605:
4577:
2357:
2341:
5719:
4533:
2743:
922:
locks the RyRs at half-open state at nanomolar concentrations, yet fully closes them at micromolar concentration.
5067:
4874:
4844:
4738:
4523:
2784:
2660:
2320:
1875:"Thermogenesis and energy expenditure: control of heat production by the Ca(2+)-ATPase of fast and slow muscle"
1439:"Glucose and endoplasmic reticulum calcium channels regulate HIF-1beta via presenilin in pancreatic beta-cells"
1164:
869:
767:
1736:"Homer binds a novel proline-rich motif and links group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors with IP3 receptors"
153:
5153:
4528:
1063:
240:
4569:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4559:
2551:
2538:
2525:
2505:
2492:
2457:
1159:
1087:
1060:
1049:
873:
771:
751:
631:
488:
345:
4989:
2334:
755:
684:
398:
995:
A variety of other molecules may interact with and regulate ryanodine receptor. For example: dimerized
149:
1564:
Handhle A, Ormonde CE, Thomas NL, Bralesford C, Williams AJ, Lai FA, Zissimopoulos S (November 2016).
5534:
2432:
2270:
2053:
Tester DJ, Bombei HM, Fitzgerald KK, Giudicessi JR, Pitel BA, Thorland EC, et al. (March 2020).
1649:
1303:
1259:
Fabiato A (July 1983). "Calcium-induced release of calcium from the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum".
1053:
592:
541:
449:
298:
276:
Non-mammalian vertebrates typically express two RyR isoforms, referred to as RyR-alpha and RyR-beta.
5500:
5317:
4972:
2326:
5580:
4952:
4942:
4814:
4770:
4625:
4608:
3899:
2775:
2147:
1904:
1814:
1765:
1716:
1673:
1067:
759:
747:
4927:
2257:
Zalk R, Clarke OB, des
Georges A, Grassucci RA, Reiken S, Mancia F, et al. (January 2015).
2175:"Ryanodine receptors: structure, expression, molecular details, and function in calcium release"
1783:
Robinson RL, Brooks C, Brown SL, Ellis FR, Halsall PJ, Quinnell RJ, et al. (August 2002).
1337:
Bround MJ, Wambolt R, Luciani DS, Kulpa JE, Rodrigues B, Brownsey RW, et al. (June 2013).
5595:
4999:
4981:
4604:
2937:
2316:
2296:
2239:
2204:
2135:
2115:
2084:
2035:
1986:
1945:
1896:
1855:
1806:
1757:
1708:
1665:
1622:
1595:
1546:
1495:
1460:
1419:
1370:
1319:
1276:
1241:
1211:
1123:
1102:
1083:
977:
955:
843:
815:
140:
5590:
5408:
4758:
3706:
2687:
2286:
2278:
2231:
2194:
2186:
2125:
2107:
2074:
2066:
2025:
2017:
1976:
1935:
1886:
1845:
1796:
1747:
1700:
1657:
1585:
1577:
1536:
1526:
1487:
1450:
1409:
1401:
1360:
1350:
1311:
1268:
1203:
679:
536:
402:
393:
189:
5462:
4703:
545:
132:
5673:
4836:
4730:
4668:
4242:
2382:
2159:
861:
763:
708:
688:
565:
422:
251:
185:
1437:
Dror V, Kalynyak TB, Bychkivska Y, Frey MH, Tee M, Jeffrey KD, et al. (April 2008).
1388:
Tsuboi T, da Silva Xavier G, Holz GG, Jouaville LS, Thomas AP, Rutter GA (January 2003).
980:
can act as a physiological gating agent. It has been suggested that it may act by making
2274:
2030:
2005:
1653:
1307:
5645:
4743:
4600:
4038:
2725:
2291:
2258:
2199:
2174:
2130:
2079:
2054:
1661:
1590:
1565:
1541:
1514:
1414:
1389:
1365:
1338:
1140:
1075:
775:
205:
1752:
1735:
1207:
5693:
5663:
5222:
5212:
5138:
4763:
4753:
4616:
3992:
3665:
1566:"Calsequestrin interacts directly with the cardiac ryanodine receptor luminal domain"
931:
890:
791:
94:
2222:
Van
Petegem F (January 2015). "Ryanodine receptors: allosteric ion channel giants".
1908:
1818:
1720:
1677:
1117:
58:
5575:
5325:
5284:
5217:
4345:
3736:
1769:
1079:
970:
128:
1734:
Tu JC, Xiao B, Yuan JP, Lanahan AA, Leoffert K, Li M, et al. (October 1998).
1272:
106:
2111:
2070:
655:
512:
369:
82:
70:
5630:
5610:
5585:
5207:
5190:
5185:
4957:
4947:
4648:
4638:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4147:
3986:
2361:
2190:
1139:
RyR1 cryo-EM structure revealed a large cytosolic assembly built on an extended
1098:
1020:
831:
718:
575:
432:
2021:
1704:
5678:
5495:
5294:
5158:
5143:
5106:
4937:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4255:
3621:
2989:
2957:
2235:
1891:
1874:
1019:, that is the channels have to be in the activated state. At low (<10 micro
940:
925:
849:
The localized and time-limited activity of Ca in the cytosol is also called a
662:
519:
376:
260:
5653:
5525:
5510:
5505:
5195:
5163:
5101:
4340:
4250:
1531:
1355:
1315:
919:
228:
2300:
2243:
2208:
2139:
2088:
2039:
1990:
1963:
Gong S, Su BB, Tovar H, Mao C, Gonzalez V, Liu Y, et al. (June 2018).
1949:
1940:
1923:
1900:
1859:
1850:
1833:
1810:
1712:
1669:
1599:
1550:
1464:
1455:
1438:
1423:
1374:
1215:
1074:. It has also been shown that levels of type RyR3 are greatly increased in
810:, and stimulated to transport Ca into the cytosol by recognizing Ca on its
1761:
1626:
1499:
1323:
1280:
1245:
766:, activation of ryanodine receptors occurs via a physical coupling to the
5658:
5419:
5330:
5148:
5093:
4633:
4353:
3701:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2597:
2592:
1981:
1964:
1094:
1045:
1032:
981:
966:
936:
839:
667:
524:
381:
225:
65:
2282:
2006:"Myasthenia gravis, respiratory function, and respiratory tract disease"
1491:
5668:
5622:
5543:
5427:
5340:
5077:
4932:
4884:
4480:
4237:
4073:
2574:
2569:
2564:
1801:
1784:
1581:
1405:
1153:
959:
898:
894:
786:
1144:α-solenoid scaffold, suggesting a mechanism for channel gating by Ca.
1127:
216:
5477:
5447:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5351:
5178:
5173:
5131:
5126:
5072:
5060:
5055:
5050:
4854:
4849:
4157:
4152:
3886:
3881:
3827:
3822:
3638:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3358:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3199:
3194:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3125:
3120:
3110:
3105:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2848:
2838:
2833:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2518:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
996:
827:
650:
507:
364:
197:
193:
160:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5472:
5467:
5457:
5452:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5401:
5396:
5364:
5335:
5304:
5299:
5289:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5200:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5045:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4391:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4229:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4142:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
3968:
3912:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3741:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3633:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3552:
3547:
3533:
3528:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3500:
3495:
3486:
3481:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3424:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3372:
3367:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3189:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3115:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3039:
3034:
3014:
2999:
2994:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2878:
2858:
2843:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2697:
2692:
2415:
2410:
2405:
1116:
985:
835:
270:
215:
2106:. Vol. 87. Singapore: Springer Singapore. pp. 329–352.
5600:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
4866:
4824:
4819:
4678:
4673:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4643:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4186:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4095:
4048:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3724:
3542:
3100:
2437:
2427:
1922:
Chan SL, Mayne M, Holden CP, Geiger JD, Mattson MP (June 2000).
865:
782:, which causes calcium outflow from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
643:
607:
500:
464:
357:
313:
266:
256:
247:
122:
77:
53:
4573:
4501:
3686:
2932:
2720:
2377:
2330:
2173:
Lanner JT, Georgiou DK, Joshi AD, Hamilton SL (November 2010).
4025:
3923:
3044:
3004:
1121:
Cytoplasmic face of phosphorylated RyR2 in open conformation.
1156:, a class of insecticide that act through ryanodine receptors
973:
activate it by potentiating sensitivity to native ligand Ca.
18:
Ryanodine-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor Ca2+ channel
1615:
The
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
1109:
functions primarily in the myocardium (heart muscle).
5643:
5621:
5533:
5523:
5488:
5417:
5349:
5315:
5088:
5038:
5008:
4980:
4970:
4883:
4865:
4835:
4729:
4624:
4615:
4514:
4338:
4227:
4023:
3921:
3897:
3699:
3305:
3210:
3075:
2948:
2815:
2774:
2736:
2448:
2393:
714:
704:
699:
678:
673:
661:
649:
637:
625:
613:
603:
598:
591:
571:
561:
556:
535:
530:
518:
506:
494:
482:
470:
460:
455:
448:
428:
418:
413:
392:
387:
375:
363:
351:
339:
327:
319:
309:
304:
297:
159:
139:
121:
116:
100:
88:
76:
64:
52:
44:
39:
34:
2104:Membrane Protein Complexes: Structure and Function
279:Many invertebrates, including the model organisms
224:The ryanodine receptors are named after the plant
1832:Yang T, Ta TA, Pessah IN, Allen PD (July 2003).
857:the feedback mechanism of the ryanodine receptor
269:is expressed more widely, but especially in the
1693:American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
4585:
2342:
2259:"Structure of a mammalian ryanodine receptor"
1515:"Ryanodine receptors: structure and function"
1059:RyR2 mutations play a role in stress-induced
962:are direct agonists, i.e., direct activators.
8:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
746:Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of
5530:
4977:
4621:
4592:
4578:
4570:
4511:
4498:
3696:
3683:
2945:
2929:
2733:
2717:
2390:
2374:
2349:
2335:
2327:
2179:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
1873:Reis M, Farage M, de Meis L (2002-01-01).
1642:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
696:
553:
410:
113:
2319:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2290:
2198:
2129:
2078:
2029:
1980:
1939:
1890:
1849:
1800:
1751:
1589:
1540:
1530:
1454:
1413:
1364:
1354:
846:) takes part in the receptor activation.
778:, the primary mechanism of activation is
239:There are multiple isoforms of ryanodine
184:for short) form a class of intracellular
29:Class of intracellular transport proteins
1227:
1225:
1001:group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors
1175:
853:. The building of the wave is done by
798:Ryanodine receptors are similar to the
2155:
2145:
821:store overload-induced calcium release
588:
445:
294:
31:
231:which shows a high affinity to them.
188:in various forms of excitable animal
7:
3715:Calcium-activated chloride channels
1928:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1838:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1519:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1443:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1343:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
872:, which leads to the production of
2785:Amiloride-sensitive cation channel
1662:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08262.x
1261:The American Journal of Physiology
876:, which in turn activates the InsP
25:
1208:10.2174/1874467208666150507105105
1031:RyRs are activated by millimolar
842:cells, another second messenger (
826:RyRs are especially important in
1969:American Journal of Hypertension
1513:Van Petegem F (September 2012).
739:
5028:Calcium-induced calcium release
4308:Voltage-dependent anion channel
2401:Inositol trisphosphate receptor
1097:against ryanodine receptors in
780:calcium-induced calcium release
299:ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal)
202:calcium-induced calcium release
4749:Ionotropic glutamate receptors
4330:General bacterial porin family
1196:Current Molecular Pharmacology
1101:has also been associated with
928:the clinically used antagonist
450:ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac)
1:
1753:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80589-9
1273:10.1152/ajpcell.1983.245.1.C1
117:Available protein structures:
5710:Genes on human chromosome 15
5700:Genes on human chromosome 19
5601:Dentin matrix phosphoprotein
2224:Journal of Molecular Biology
2112:10.1007/978-981-10-7757-9_11
2071:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.5400
1078:overexpressing mutant human
1005:Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
5705:Genes on human chromosome 1
2191:10.1101/cshperspect.a003996
5736:
5606:Dentin sialophosphoprotein
3749:Chloride Channel Accessory
2358:Membrane transport protein
2022:10.1007/s00415-023-11733-y
1879:Molecular Membrane Biology
1705:10.1152/ajpcell.00106.2003
943:, etc. (local anesthetics)
800:inositol trisphosphate (IP
292:
259:is primarily expressed in
250:is primarily expressed in
5068:Sodium-calcium exchangers
4845:Sodium-calcium exchangers
4555:
4510:
4497:
3695:
3682:
2944:
2928:
2744:Epithelial sodium channel
2732:
2716:
2389:
2373:
2236:10.1016/j.jmb.2014.08.004
1892:10.1080/09687680210166217
695:
552:
409:
112:
5154:Neuronal calcium sensors
4875:Calcium-sensing receptor
2661:Cation channels of sperm
2321:Medical Subject Headings
1165:Dihydropyridine receptor
768:dihydropyridine receptor
5715:Transmembrane receptors
2004:Gilhus NE (July 2023).
1570:Journal of Cell Science
1532:10.1074/jbc.r112.349068
1394:The Biochemical Journal
1356:10.1074/jbc.M112.427062
1316:10.1126/science.8235594
1234:Pharmacological Reviews
1136:regulation mechanisms.
1064:ventricular tachycardia
976:Physiological agonist:
785:It has been shown that
758:, an essential step in
281:Drosophila melanogaster
5010:Intracellular channels
1941:10.1074/jbc.M000040200
1851:10.1074/jbc.m302165200
1456:10.1074/jbc.M710601200
1160:Neuromuscular junction
1132:
1050:malignant hyperthermia
874:inositol trisphosphate
814:, thus establishing a
772:L-type calcium channel
770:(a voltage-dependent,
752:sarcoplasmic reticulum
285:Caenorhabditis elegans
221:
2737:Constitutively active
1120:
756:endoplasmic reticulum
219:
5535:Extracellular matrix
2010:Journal of Neurology
1054:central core disease
1048:are associated with
593:ryanodine receptor 3
5501:Parathyroid hormone
5489:Indirect regulators
5039:Intracellular pumps
4504:By gating mechanism
2283:10.1038/nature13950
2275:2015Natur.517...44Z
1934:(24): 18195–18200.
1844:(28): 25722–25730.
1654:1998NYASA.853..130T
1525:(38): 31624–31632.
1492:10.1021/bi00349a033
1349:(26): 18975–18986.
1308:1993Sci...262..740C
1088:Alzheimer's disease
885:Associated proteins
178:Ryanodine receptors
5581:Matrix gla protein
5418:Calcium-dependent
5350:Calcium-dependent
5316:Calcium-dependent
5023:Ryanodine receptor
4626:Adhesion molecules
4609:calcium metabolism
4031:TRP cation channel
3929:CNG cation channel
3212:Tandem pore domain
2423:Ryanodine receptor
2317:Ryanodine+Receptor
1982:10.1093/ajh/hpy046
1802:10.1002/humu.10098
1582:10.1242/jcs.191643
1406:10.1042/BJ20021288
1133:
1068:cardiac arrhythmia
860:the activation of
760:muscle contraction
222:
5687:
5686:
5639:
5638:
5623:Secreted hormones
5596:Bone sialoprotein
5519:
5518:
4982:Second messengers
4966:
4965:
4759:Kainate receptors
4605:calcium signaling
4567:
4566:
4551:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4539:Stretch-activated
4516:Ion channel class
4493:
4492:
4489:
4488:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
2950:Calcium-activated
2938:Potassium channel
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2121:978-981-10-7756-2
1576:(21): 3983–3988.
1449:(15): 9909–9916.
1400:(Pt 2): 287–299.
1302:(5134): 740–744.
1103:myasthenia gravis
1084:neurodegenerative
984:(12.6 kilodalton
978:Cyclic ADP-ribose
956:4-chloro-m-cresol
844:cyclic ADP-ribose
816:positive feedback
732:
731:
728:
727:
724:
723:
585:
584:
581:
580:
442:
441:
438:
437:
204:(CICR) in animal
175:
174:
171:
170:
166:structure summary
16:(Redirected from
5727:
5720:Calcium channels
5644:Calcium-binding
5531:
5409:Protein kinase C
4978:
4731:Calcium channels
4622:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4571:
4512:
4499:
3707:Chloride channel
3697:
3684:
3077:Inward-rectifier
2946:
2930:
2734:
2718:
2688:Two-pore channel
2391:
2375:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2328:
2305:
2304:
2294:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2202:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2143:
2133:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2016:(7): 3329–3340.
2001:
1995:
1994:
1984:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1943:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1894:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1853:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1804:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1755:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1699:(3): C538–C546.
1688:
1682:
1681:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1621:(3): 1476–1484.
1610:
1604:
1603:
1593:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1368:
1358:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1229:
1220:
1219:
1191:
1130:
1093:The presence of
743:
697:
589:
554:
446:
411:
295:
291:
290:
186:calcium channels
114:
32:
21:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5724:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5674:EGF-like domain
5635:
5617:
5515:
5484:
5413:
5345:
5311:
5084:
5034:
5004:
4962:
4879:
4861:
4831:
4725:
4611:
4598:
4568:
4563:
4543:
4506:
4485:
4334:
4233:
4223:
4019:
3917:
3893:
3691:
3670:
3584:
3461:
3318:
3301:
3206:
3170:
3140:
3096:
3088:
3071:
3025:
2940:
2916:
2889:
2828:
2811:
2770:
2728:
2704:
2587:
2559:
2546:
2533:
2513:
2500:
2465:
2444:
2385:
2383:Calcium channel
2369:
2355:
2313:
2308:
2269:(7532): 44–49.
2256:
2255:
2251:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2185:(11): a003996.
2172:
2171:
2167:
2154:
2144:
2122:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2059:JAMA Cardiology
2052:
2051:
2047:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1258:
1257:
1253:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1193:
1192:
1177:
1173:
1150:
1122:
1115:
1086:diseases, like
1042:
1040:Role in disease
1029:
1012:
965:Xanthines like
910:
904:
887:
879:
862:phospholipase C
807:
803:
774:), whereas, in
764:skeletal muscle
737:
283:(fruitfly) and
252:skeletal muscle
237:
214:
90:OPM superfamily
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5733:
5731:
5723:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5692:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5627:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5540:
5538:
5528:
5524:Extracellular
5521:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5424:
5422:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5406:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5367:
5356:
5354:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5322:
5320:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5302:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5223:Synaptotagmins
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5176:
5166:
5161:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5075:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5030:
5020:
5014:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4986:
4984:
4975:
4971:Intracellular
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4887:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4871:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4841:
4839:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4775:
4774:
4773:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4764:NMDA receptors
4761:
4756:
4754:AMPA receptors
4746:
4744:5-HT3 receptor
4735:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4630:
4628:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4601:Cell signaling
4599:
4597:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4574:
4565:
4564:
4556:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4495:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4456:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4350:
4348:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4247:
4245:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4167:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4046:
4035:
4033:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3933:
3931:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3905:Proton channel
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3780:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3711:
3709:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3524:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3311:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3138:
3130:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2954:
2952:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2781:
2779:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2740:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2726:Sodium channel
2721:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2557:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2531:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2503:
2498:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2463:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2397:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2378:
2371:
2370:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2312:
2311:External links
2309:
2307:
2306:
2249:
2214:
2165:
2156:|journal=
2120:
2094:
2045:
1996:
1975:(7): 818–826.
1955:
1914:
1885:(4): 301–310.
1865:
1824:
1789:Human Mutation
1775:
1746:(4): 717–726.
1726:
1683:
1648:(1): 130–148.
1632:
1605:
1556:
1505:
1486:(1): 236–244.
1470:
1429:
1380:
1329:
1286:
1251:
1221:
1202:(2): 206–222.
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1149:
1146:
1114:
1111:
1041:
1038:
1028:
1025:
1011:
1008:
993:
992:
991:
990:
974:
963:
946:
945:
944:
934:
929:
923:
909:
906:
886:
883:
882:
881:
877:
858:
812:cytosolic side
805:
801:
776:cardiac muscle
750:ions from the
736:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
716:
712:
711:
706:
702:
701:
693:
692:
682:
676:
675:
671:
670:
665:
659:
658:
653:
647:
646:
641:
635:
634:
629:
623:
622:
617:
611:
610:
605:
601:
600:
596:
595:
586:
583:
582:
579:
578:
573:
569:
568:
563:
559:
558:
550:
549:
539:
533:
532:
528:
527:
522:
516:
515:
510:
504:
503:
498:
492:
491:
486:
480:
479:
474:
468:
467:
462:
458:
457:
453:
452:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
430:
426:
425:
420:
416:
415:
407:
406:
396:
390:
389:
385:
384:
379:
373:
372:
367:
361:
360:
355:
349:
348:
343:
337:
336:
331:
325:
324:
323:MHS, MHS1, CCO
321:
317:
316:
311:
307:
306:
302:
301:
289:
288:
277:
274:
264:
263:(heart muscle)
254:
236:
233:
213:
210:
173:
172:
169:
168:
163:
157:
156:
143:
137:
136:
126:
119:
118:
110:
109:
104:
98:
97:
92:
86:
85:
80:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
56:
50:
49:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5732:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5664:C-type lectin
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5642:
5632:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5620:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5421:
5416:
5410:
5407:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5314:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5213:Phospholamban
5211:
5209:
5206:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5139:Calsequestrin
5137:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4969:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4837:Calcium pumps
4834:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4778:Voltage-gated
4776:
4772:
4771:P2X receptors
4769:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4617:Cell membrane
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4581:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4562:
4561:
4554:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4534:Voltage-gated
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4500:
4496:
4482:
4479:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4226:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3896:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3689:Miscellaneous
3685:
3681:
3667:
3666:Shaker (gene)
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:minK/ISK-like
3637:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3307:Voltage-gated
3304:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2817:Voltage-gated
2814:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2450:Voltage-gated
2447:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1017:use-dependent
1009:
1007:
1006:
1002:
998:
987:
983:
979:
975:
972:
968:
964:
961:
957:
953:
952:
950:
947:
942:
938:
935:
933:
932:Ruthenium red
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
917:
915:
912:
911:
907:
905:
902:
900:
896:
892:
891:calsequestrin
884:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:
855:
854:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
822:
817:
813:
809:
796:
794:
793:
792:calcium spark
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
744:
742:
734:
720:
717:
713:
710:
707:
703:
698:
694:
691:
690:
686:
683:
681:
677:
672:
669:
666:
664:
660:
657:
654:
652:
648:
645:
642:
640:
636:
633:
630:
628:
624:
621:
618:
616:
612:
609:
606:
602:
597:
594:
590:
587:
577:
574:
570:
567:
564:
560:
555:
551:
548:
547:
543:
540:
538:
534:
529:
526:
523:
521:
517:
514:
511:
509:
505:
502:
499:
497:
493:
490:
487:
485:
481:
478:
475:
473:
469:
466:
463:
459:
454:
451:
447:
444:
434:
431:
427:
424:
421:
417:
412:
408:
405:
404:
400:
397:
395:
391:
386:
383:
380:
378:
374:
371:
368:
366:
362:
359:
356:
354:
350:
347:
344:
342:
338:
335:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:
312:
308:
303:
300:
296:
293:
286:
282:
278:
275:
272:
268:
265:
262:
258:
255:
253:
249:
246:
245:
244:
242:
234:
232:
230:
227:
218:
211:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
167:
164:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
127:
124:
120:
115:
111:
108:
105:
103:
99:
96:
93:
91:
87:
84:
81:
79:
75:
72:
69:
67:
63:
60:
57:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
27:
19:
5576:Hemicentin 1
5326:Calreticulin
5218:Sarcalumenin
5022:
5018:IP3 receptor
4810:TRP channels
4739:Ligand-gated
4557:
4524:Ligand-gated
4515:
4503:
4346:Gap junction
4339:
4228:
4024:
3985:
3963:
3936:
3922:
3898:
3876:
3834:
3782:
3748:
3731:
3719:
3700:
3688:
3643:
3606:
3580:
3457:
3314:
3219:
3166:
3136:
3092:
3021:
2934:
2885:
2824:
2722:
2631:
2604:
2583:
2555:
2542:
2529:
2509:
2496:
2461:
2422:
2394:Ligand-gated
2379:
2362:ion channels
2266:
2262:
2252:
2230:(1): 31–53.
2227:
2223:
2217:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2103:
2097:
2065:(3): 13–18.
2062:
2058:
2048:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1795:(2): 88–97.
1792:
1788:
1778:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1483:
1480:Biochemistry
1479:
1473:
1446:
1442:
1432:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1267:(1): C1-14.
1264:
1260:
1254:
1237:
1233:
1199:
1195:
1138:
1134:
1107:
1092:
1080:Presenilin 1
1058:
1043:
1030:
1016:
1013:
994:
971:pentifylline
948:
913:
908:Pharmacology
903:
888:
850:
848:
832:muscle cells
825:
811:
797:
790:
784:
745:
738:
687:
544:
401:
320:Alt. symbols
284:
280:
238:
223:
181:
177:
176:
26:
5631:Osteocalcin
5611:Osteopontin
5586:Osteonectin
5360:CaM kinases
5208:Parvalbumin
5191:Neurocalcin
5186:Hippocalcin
4529:Light-gated
3011:IK channel
1240:(1): 1–51.
1099:blood serum
1066:(a form of
1061:polymorphic
914:Antagonists
709:Swiss-model
599:Identifiers
566:Swiss-model
456:Identifiers
423:Swiss-model
305:Identifiers
102:OPM protein
40:Identifiers
5694:Categories
5679:Gla domain
5496:Calcitonin
5318:chaperones
5295:Troponin C
5159:Calsenilin
5144:Calretinin
5107:Calmodulin
3732:Bestrophin
2990:SK channel
2958:BK channel
2632:γ-subunits
2605:β-subunits
2588:δ-subunits
1171:References
1141:α-solenoid
1095:antibodies
1076:PC12 cells
949:Activators
941:tetracaine
926:Dantrolene
808:) receptor
735:Physiology
705:Structures
700:Search for
674:Other data
562:Structures
557:Search for
531:Other data
419:Structures
414:Search for
388:Other data
261:myocardium
129:structures
35:RyR domain
5654:C2 domain
5526:chelators
5511:Vitamin K
5506:Vitamin D
5420:proteases
5196:Recoverin
5164:Frequenin
5102:Calbindin
5094:chelators
4973:signaling
4634:Cadherins
4560:disorders
4558:see also
4341:Cytoplasm
4251:Aquaporin
3720:Anoctamin
3543:11.1/hERG
2158:ignored (
2148:cite book
1113:Structure
1046:mutations
1010:Ryanodine
989:muscles).
954:Agonist:
920:Ryanodine
880:receptor.
823:(SOICR).
656:NM_001036
615:NCBI gene
546:q42.1-q43
513:NM_001035
472:NCBI gene
370:NM_000540
329:NCBI gene
241:receptors
229:ryanodine
220:Ryanodine
212:Etymology
71:IPR003032
5659:Cadherin
5591:SIBLINGs
5544:Fibulins
5537:proteins
5428:Calpains
5331:Calnexin
5149:Gelsolin
4885:Annexins
4354:Connexin
3634:minK/ISK
2301:25470061
2244:25134758
2209:20961976
2140:29464565
2089:31913406
2040:37101094
2031:10132430
1991:29590321
1950:10764737
1909:10720335
1901:12512777
1860:12732639
1819:21497303
1811:12124989
1721:20900277
1713:14592808
1678:86436194
1670:10603942
1600:27609834
1551:22822064
1465:18174159
1424:12410638
1375:23678000
1216:25966694
1148:See also
1033:caffeine
1027:Caffeine
1003:and the
982:FKBP12.6
967:caffeine
937:procaine
840:pancreas
719:InterPro
576:InterPro
433:InterPro
235:Isoforms
226:alkaloid
146:RCSB PDB
66:InterPro
5669:EF hand
5646:domains
5352:kinases
5341:HSP90B1
5201:Visinin
5090:Sensors
5078:SLC24A5
4481:Innexin
4238:solutes
2292:4300236
2271:Bibcode
2200:2964179
2131:5936639
2080:6990654
1770:2851554
1762:9808459
1650:Bibcode
1627:7511166
1591:5117208
1542:3442496
1500:3754147
1415:1223096
1366:3696672
1324:8235594
1304:Bibcode
1296:Science
1281:6346892
1246:9085308
1154:Ryanoid
1131:
960:suramin
899:triadin
895:junctin
851:Ca wave
828:neurons
804:or InsP
787:calcium
748:calcium
715:Domains
689:q14-q15
685:Chr. 15
663:UniProt
572:Domains
520:UniProt
429:Domains
399:Chr. 19
377:UniProt
198:neurons
194:muscles
59:PF02026
5478:CAPN10
5132:CALML5
5127:CALML3
5073:SLC8B1
5061:ATP2A3
5056:ATP2A2
5051:ATP2A1
4855:SLC8A1
4850:SLC3A2
2778:-gated
2776:Proton
2552:T-type
2539:R-type
2526:Q-type
2506:P-type
2493:N-type
2458:L-type
2323:(MeSH)
2299:
2289:
2263:Nature
2242:
2207:
2197:
2138:
2128:
2118:
2087:
2077:
2038:
2028:
1989:
1948:
1907:
1899:
1858:
1817:
1809:
1768:
1760:
1740:Neuron
1719:
1711:
1676:
1668:
1625:
1598:
1588:
1549:
1539:
1498:
1463:
1422:
1412:
1373:
1363:
1322:
1279:
1244:
1214:
1070:) and
897:, and
668:Q15413
651:RefSeq
644:180903
604:Symbol
542:Chr. 1
525:Q92736
508:RefSeq
501:180902
461:Symbol
382:P21817
365:RefSeq
358:180901
310:Symbol
190:tissue
161:PDBsum
135:
125:
45:Symbol
5569:FBLN5
5564:FBLN4
5559:FBLN3
5554:FBLN2
5549:FBLN1
5473:CAPN9
5468:CAPN8
5463:CAPN7
5458:CAPN6
5453:CAPN5
5448:CAPN4
5443:CAPN3
5438:CAPN2
5433:CAPN1
5402:CAMK4
5397:CAMK3
5370:CAMK2
5365:CAMK1
5336:HSPA5
5305:TNNC2
5300:TNNC1
5290:S100P
5278:SYT14
5273:SYT13
5268:SYT11
5122:CALM3
5117:CALM2
5112:CALM1
5046:SERCA
5000:cADPR
4995:NAADP
4933:A8-L2
4867:GPCRs
4719:CDH17
4714:CDH16
4709:CDH15
4704:CDH14
4699:CDH13
4694:CDH12
4689:CDH11
4684:CDH10
4392:GJA10
4243:Porin
4143:TRPML
3913:HVCN1
3607:KCNIP
3462:α7-12
2366:TC 1A
1905:S2CID
1815:S2CID
1766:S2CID
1717:S2CID
1674:S2CID
1044:RyR1
1021:molar
997:Homer
986:FK506
836:heart
834:. In
762:. In
680:Locus
632:10485
537:Locus
489:10484
403:q13.1
394:Locus
346:10483
271:brain
206:cells
192:like
83:1.A.3
5285:S100
5263:SYT9
5258:SYT7
5253:SYT6
5248:SYT5
5243:SYT4
5238:SYT3
5233:SYT2
5228:SYT1
5169:GUCA
5092:and
4825:TRPV
4820:TRPC
4815:TRPA
4679:CDH9
4674:CDH8
4669:CDH7
4664:CDH6
4659:CDH5
4654:CDH4
4649:CDH3
4644:CDH2
4639:CDH1
4607:and
4472:GJD4
4467:GJD3
4462:GJD2
4452:GJC3
4447:GJC2
4442:GJC1
4432:GJB7
4427:GJB6
4422:GJB5
4417:GJB4
4412:GJB3
4407:GJB2
4402:GJB1
4387:GJA9
4382:GJA8
4377:GJA5
4372:GJA4
4367:GJA3
4362:GJA1
4187:TRPV
4170:TRPP
4165:TRPN
4096:TRPM
4049:TRPC
4039:TRPA
3877:CLNS
3835:CLIC
3783:CLCN
3778:CFTR
3725:ANO1
3644:MiRP
3572:12.3
3567:12.2
3562:12.1
3553:11.3
3548:11.2
3534:10.2
3529:10.1
3319:α1-6
3133:GIRK
2547:α2.3
2534:α2.1
2501:α2.2
2297:PMID
2240:PMID
2205:PMID
2160:help
2136:PMID
2116:ISBN
2085:PMID
2036:PMID
1987:PMID
1946:PMID
1897:PMID
1856:PMID
1807:PMID
1758:PMID
1709:PMID
1666:PMID
1623:PMID
1596:PMID
1547:PMID
1496:PMID
1461:PMID
1420:PMID
1371:PMID
1320:PMID
1277:PMID
1242:PMID
1212:PMID
1128:7U9R
1072:ARVD
1052:and
969:and
958:and
866:GPCR
838:and
830:and
754:and
639:OMIM
627:HGNC
620:6263
608:RYR3
496:OMIM
484:HGNC
477:6262
465:RYR2
353:OMIM
341:HGNC
334:6261
314:RYR1
267:RyR3
257:RyR2
248:RyR1
196:and
154:PDBj
150:PDBe
133:ECOD
123:Pfam
107:5gl0
78:TCDB
54:Pfam
4990:IP3
4958:A13
4953:A12
4948:A11
4943:A10
4236:(+
4074:4AP
3987:HCN
3520:9.3
3515:9.2
3510:9.1
3501:8.2
3496:8.1
3487:7.5
3482:7.4
3477:7.3
3472:7.2
3467:7.1
3449:6.4
3444:6.3
3439:6.2
3434:6.1
3425:5.1
3416:4.3
3411:4.2
3406:4.1
3397:3.4
3392:3.3
3387:3.2
3382:3.1
3373:2.2
3368:2.1
3359:1.8
3354:1.7
3349:1.6
3344:1.5
3339:1.4
3334:1.3
3329:1.2
3324:1.1
3220:K2P
3200:7.1
3195:6.2
3190:6.1
3185:5.1
3180:4.2
3175:4.1
3160:3.4
3155:3.3
3150:3.2
3145:3.1
3126:2.6
3121:2.4
3116:2.3
3111:2.2
3106:2.1
3101:1.1
3087:ATP
3065:5.1
3060:4.2
3055:4.1
3050:3.1
3045:2.3
3040:2.2
3035:2.1
3030:1.1
3015:IK1
3005:SK3
3000:SK2
2995:SK1
2874:1.9
2869:1.8
2864:1.7
2859:1.6
2854:1.5
2849:1.4
2844:1.3
2839:1.2
2834:1.1
2723:Na:
2575:3.3
2570:3.2
2565:3.1
2519:2.1
2486:1.4
2481:1.3
2476:1.2
2471:1.1
2380:Ca:
2287:PMC
2279:doi
2267:517
2232:doi
2228:427
2195:PMC
2187:doi
2126:PMC
2108:doi
2075:PMC
2067:doi
2026:PMC
2018:doi
2014:270
1977:doi
1936:doi
1932:275
1887:doi
1846:doi
1842:278
1797:doi
1748:doi
1701:doi
1697:286
1658:doi
1646:853
1619:268
1586:PMC
1578:doi
1574:129
1537:PMC
1527:doi
1523:287
1488:doi
1451:doi
1447:283
1410:PMC
1402:doi
1398:369
1361:PMC
1351:doi
1347:288
1312:doi
1300:262
1269:doi
1265:245
1204:doi
1124:PDB
870:RTK
868:or
864:by
243::
182:RyR
141:PDB
48:RyR
5696::
5179:1B
5174:1A
4938:A9
4928:A8
4923:A7
4918:A6
4913:A5
4908:A4
4903:A3
4898:A2
4893:A1
4603::
4458:D
4438:C
4398:B
4358:A
4240:):
3993:FC
3887:1B
3882:1A
3870:L1
3828:KB
3823:KA
3702:Cl
3295:18
3290:17
3285:16
3280:15
3275:13
3270:12
3265:10
3169:ir
3139:ir
3095:ir
3024:Ca
2983:β4
2978:β3
2973:β2
2968:β1
2963:α1
2935:K:
2886:Na
2879:7A
2825:Na
2652:γ4
2647:γ3
2642:γ2
2637:γ1
2625:β4
2620:β3
2615:β2
2610:β1
2556:Ca
2543:Ca
2530:Ca
2510:Ca
2497:Ca
2462:Ca
2360::
2295:.
2285:.
2277:.
2265:.
2261:.
2238:.
2226:.
2203:.
2193:.
2181:.
2177:.
2152::
2150:}}
2146:{{
2134:.
2124:.
2114:.
2083:.
2073:.
2061:.
2057:.
2034:.
2024:.
2012:.
2008:.
1985:.
1973:31
1971:.
1967:.
1944:.
1930:.
1926:.
1903:.
1895:.
1883:19
1881:.
1877:.
1854:.
1840:.
1836:.
1813:.
1805:.
1793:20
1791:.
1787:.
1764:.
1756:.
1744:21
1742:.
1738:.
1715:.
1707:.
1695:.
1672:.
1664:.
1656:.
1644:.
1617:.
1594:.
1584:.
1572:.
1568:.
1545:.
1535:.
1521:.
1517:.
1494:.
1484:25
1482:.
1459:.
1445:.
1441:.
1418:.
1408:.
1396:.
1392:.
1369:.
1359:.
1345:.
1341:.
1318:.
1310:.
1298:.
1275:.
1263:.
1238:49
1236:.
1224:^
1210:.
1198:.
1178:^
1126::
1090:.
951::
939:,
916::
893:,
208:.
152:;
148:;
131:/
5390:G
5385:D
5380:B
5375:A
4803:T
4798:R
4793:P
4788:N
4783:L
4593:e
4586:t
4579:v
4343::
4323:3
4318:2
4313:1
4301:9
4296:8
4291:7
4286:6
4281:5
4276:4
4271:3
4266:2
4261:1
4256:0
4234:O
4232:2
4230:H
4217:6
4212:5
4207:4
4202:3
4197:2
4192:1
4180:2
4175:1
4158:3
4153:2
4148:1
4136:8
4131:7
4126:6
4121:5
4116:4
4111:3
4106:2
4101:1
4089:7
4084:6
4079:5
4069:4
4064:3
4059:2
4054:1
4045:)
4043:1
4041:(
4028::
4026:M
4013:4
4008:3
4003:2
3998:1
3979:3
3974:2
3969:1
3964:β
3957:4
3952:3
3947:2
3942:1
3937:α
3926::
3924:M
3902::
3900:H
3865:6
3860:5
3855:4
3850:3
3845:2
3840:1
3818:7
3813:6
3808:5
3803:4
3798:3
3793:2
3788:1
3769:4
3764:3
3759:2
3754:1
3742:2
3737:1
3704::
3659:3
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