1224:
was unlikely to have been granted. As well as damage to species in the SAC, there was a risk that nutrients or any chemicals used to manage the lawns of this hotel would wash into the river, as the vegetation barrier was removed. Eleven areas were damaged, and areas outside the SAC were also damaged, which , it was postulated, would have a knock-on effect on the SAC also. Belmullet
Hospitality Group Ltd pleaded guilty to two offences (the topping and clearing of rough vegetation and for procuring a contractor to carry out this activity without Ministerial consent under the European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats) Regulations 2011). They were convicted of both and fined âŹ4,000 for each.
1239:. The Intel plant is based alongside, but not included in, the SAC of the river Rye. Thomas Reidâs case included claims that the project would involve a30-acre expansion to Intelâs 160-acre campus, that it would take more than four years to construct, that it would involve two years of rock quarrying to get structures to formation level, and that there was a risk of emissions to the SAC from the plant which may damage the SAC. According to media reports, An BĂłrd PleanĂĄla stated the development would not adversely affect the integrity of the SAC, and that appropriate assessments had been carried out. The High Court dismissed the action.
408:
191:
1151:
should be maintained, requiring adequate seepage rates to the spring and appropriate water quality (including factors such as saturated calcium carbonate, pH, temperature and alkalinity conditions). The variety of the vegetation communities should be maintained, with at least three positive or high quality indicator species, low numbers of negative indicator species and low percentages of algal cover. Indicators of local distinctiveness should be maintained â at this site, these include two species of
Vertigo snail (Vertigo angustior and V. moulinsiana).
848:
840:
40:
1260:
1061:
383:"The petrifying springs at Leixlip Spa give rise to a mosaic of wetland habitats of immense significance for the rarity, fragility and species-richness of the flora and fauna they support , creating a unique and irreplaceable natural resource. The ecological and hydrological aspects of this site must be considered to be of the utmost importance and must be afforded the greatest priority for conservation"
47:
1127:
designed and sited to minimise its impact on the biodiversity, ecological, geological and landscape value of the site, particularly plant and animal species listed under the
Wildlife Acts and the Habitats and Birds Directive including their habitats.â The objectives of the Council regard proposed NHAs as equivalent to NHAs.
1214:
The 2023 Report of the
Technical Expert Group on Salmon to the North-South Standing Scientific Committee for Inland Fisheries notes that fish stocks in the Lower Liffey catchment including the Rye were found to be below the conservation level (conservation level=1705; deficit -1514). In 2023, Inland
1223:
over a significant amount of environmental damage done to a 1.2 km stretch of the riparian zone along the river Rye in 2021. This was done in the bird-nesting season and breeding season of the protected species, and would have required a request for
Ministerial consent to carry out this work, which
1174:
As well as the three specific features of the SAC described above, the SAC includes the length of the river Rye from outside the town of
Maynooth to Leixlip Village. The river Rye is regularly surveyed under the Water Framework Directive, via the Eastern River Basin River Surveys. It is a catch and
415:
In a study on Irish petrifying springs, Lyons (2015) found that mean concentrations of sodium and chloride at the Louisa Bridge tufaceous springs site were 215.24 mg/l and 415.75 mg/l, respectively (and that this was the only site in that investigation of petrifying springs in 18 counties
1150:
Further conservation objective targets include that the habitat distribution should not suffer decline. The hydrological regimes at the site must be maintained. This habitat requires permanent irrigation, typically from upwelling groundwater sources or seepage sources. The levels of tufa formation
1122:
The Rye Water/Carton SAC is noted in
Chapter 12 (Biodiversity & Green Infrastructure) of the Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029, as one of eight Natura Sites in County Kildare. The policy of Kildare County Council is to âseek to contribute to maintaining or restoring the conservation
1126:
This site is also noted as one of the 21 proposed NHAs (along with 2 designated NHAs) in County
Kildare, and as such it is the policy of Kildare County Council to âensure that any proposal for development within or adjacent to a Natural Heritage Area (NHA), Ramsar Sites and Nature Reserves is
1178:
The OPW document âRiver
Enhancement Programmes in Ireland for Drained Channelsâ by the Office of Public Works notes that extensive enhancement projects were carried out on the river in 1983 with regard to gravel beds for spawning and these beds have been found to be used. However, a riverine
169:. It is protected as an SAC since November 2018 due to the presence of a rare hydrogeological habitat (thermal, mineral petrifying spring associated with a calcareous marsh) at a site close to the River Rye, and the presence of protected species (the narrow-mouthed whorl snail
423:
Site
Conservation Objectives document for this SAC describes this petrifying springs habitat as dynamic and notes that it may be significantly affected by any drop in water supply, while there may also be natural reductions in tufa due obstructions of any upwelling springs.
1218:
As well as the river itself, the River Rye/Carton SAC also includes wooded areas along the river Rye that are protected under the European Union Habitats (Rye Water Valley/Carton Special Area of Conservation) Regulations 2018. In 2023, a legal case was taken by the
1164:
is recorded as occurring at the floodplain habitat at the base of the spring-fed slope along the banks of the Rye Water River and a suitable habitat and hydrological regime should be maintained here. The favourable conservation condition of Desmoulin's whorl snail
1723:
1147:). To restore the petrifying springs habitat, the targets include to ensure the area is stable or increasing, subject to natural processes. A survey carried out in 2015 estimated the size of the petrifying springs habitat as approximately 1,250 m2.
219:. As per the Statutory instrument establishing the site, it is situated in whole or in part in the townlands of Blakestown (E.D. Maynooth), Carton Demesne, Confey, Kellystown, Leixlip and Leixlip Demesne in County Kildare and Moygaddy in County Meath.
1255:
in 1793. In this SAC, The Rye River flows under the Ryewater Aqueduct, which was constructed in the 1790s during the works to construct the Royal Canal. At the time, it was said to have been the tallest aqueduct in the world, at 100 feet high.
1187:
In June 2022, a fish kill occurred on the Rye River in the SAC, affecting 2km of the river. It was estimated that an estimated 500 fish were killed in the incident, primarily trout but including other species. The incident was investigated by
1134:
Conservation Objectives document of 2021, the primary conservation objective is to restore the favourable conservation condition of the petrifying springs with tufa formation (Cratoneurion) habitat, and that of the narrow-mouthed whorl snail
315:, the warm and cold springs have produced a calcareous marsh wetland above the river and a seepage area which follows down a series of terraced slopes towards the river. This area is also associated with specific flora and fauna:
1251:. It contains a Romanesque bath and hexagonal well created in the 1790s after the discovery of warm and cold springs at the site, which were used therapeutically for a time. The springs were discovered during the building of the
231:
site in 1997 under the Habitats Directive. The Statutory Instrument establishing this site as an SAC (Site code: 001398) was passed in 2018. One of the features which qualifies this site for SAC status is the presence of the
2083:
1716:
2002:
1973:
2178:
2057:
2031:
454:
The 2021 Ryewater Arterial Drainage Scheme Natura Impact Statement, produced and researched by JBA Consulting, lists the protected flora and fauna recorded at this SAC, which include the amphibians
1996:"The Status of Irish Salmon Stocks in 2023 with Catch Advice for 2024. Report of the Technical Expert Group on Salmon (TEGOS) to the North-South Standing Scientific Committee for Inland Fisheries"
1811:
1179:
enhancement programme carried out in 1993 on the Rye did not result in an increase in adult trout stocks in the river, possibly due to persistent organic pollution problems in the channel .
1837:
2079:
1947:
1171:) should be maintained with respect to distribution, occurrence in suitable habitat (with no less than 0.2ha of at least suboptimal habitat), and density within the habitat.
855:
As noted in the NPWS Site Synopsis, a wide range of plant species occur along this SAC. At the demesne of Carton House, the river has been dammed, and here reed sweet-grass (
1227:
With respect to the SAC, in 2021, Thomas Reid took a challenge against An BĂłrd PleanĂĄla regarding a proposed expansion of the 160-acre Intel campus at Leixlip, based on the
1215:
Fisheries Ireland awarded a sum of âŹ1,300 for the purpose of restoration of spawning in a degraded river channel where the levels of Atlantic salmon had severely declined.
1587:
1525:
1506:
1995:
1472:
289:
The National Parks and Wildlife Service website outlines the site synopsis, including relevant species. The SAC includes a series of dammed lakes along the river at the
1969:
1895:
1232:
1175:
release fly-fishing river, usually with good stocks of trout. The Leixlip and District Angling Association is in charge of the section of the river in this SAC.
2053:
1652:
1491:
1220:
1131:
420:
274:
129:
2027:
39:
1434:
1619:
1123:
status of all sites designated for nature conservation or proposed for designation in accordance with European and national legislation and agreements.â
2188:
1807:
1201:
319:
The marsh, mineral spring and seepage area found at Louisa Bridge supports a good diversity of plant species, including stoneworts, marsh arrowgrass (
1068:
The Louisa Bridge side of the habitat, including the tufaceous springs, marshy area and wetland terraces, includes plants such as common butterwort (
375:
As the Revised Conservation Plan for the Spa (2009/10) states, it is a significant example of the Annex I Priority Habitat: Petrifying Springs with
1782:
1691:
2109:
1833:
281:
or pNHA. Adjacent to this site, the Royal Canal (site code 002103) and Liffey Valley (site code 000128) sites have also been proposed as pNHAs.
1866:
86:
2135:
1613:"Crowley, Clare. 2016. 'Assessment of Sunday's Well, Clane, County Kildare. Cultural Heritage Report'. Courtney Deery Heritage Consultancy"
1359:
427:
In addition to the thermal springs at this SAC, there are other warm springs in north Kildare and south Meath, including Sunday's Well in
473:
A wide range of bird species protected under Wildlife Acts as Red or Amber list species have been recorded at this site, including the
1943:
1267:
The Rye Water Valley/Carton SAC includes part of the Carton House estate, and the woodlands on this estate are old demesne forestry.
731:
Several protected terrestrial mammal species occur or have been recorded at the Rye Water Valley SAC, including several bat species (
361:). The mineral spring found at the site is of a type considered to be rare in Europe and is a habitat listed on Annex I of the E.U.
1921:
407:
190:
2183:
1576:
1522:
1503:
240:
formation (cratoneurion)': Natura 2000 code 7220. Other qualifications include the presence of the narrow-mouthed whorl snail (
1752:
1492:
https://web.archive.org/web/20230222225426/https://www.gsi.ie/en-ie/publications/Pages/The-Geological-Heritage-of-Kildare.aspx
1469:
1381:
1352:"S.I. No. 494/2018 - European Union Habitats (Rye Water Valley/Carton Special Area of Conservation 001398) Regulations 2018"
431:, St. Patrick's Well at Ardrass, and St. Peter's Well in Donadea, and there may be further springs along the Rye River SAC.
987:
1891:
1324:
712:
One crustacean species protected under the EU Habitats Directive has been recorded in this SAC, that is, the freshwater
150:
2198:
2193:
1644:
1490:, 2005. 'The Geological Heritage of Kildare'. Heritage Council; Geological Survey of Ireland; Kildare County Council.
582:
255:
247:
1211:
outside Maynooth, where diesel was found in the water, however, in this case, no fish were found to be killed.
1423:
305:, both protected under the Flora (Protection) Order, 1999), as well as the Red Data Book species green figwort (
1612:
1193:
598:
847:
397:
839:
1189:
827:
815:
566:
1775:
1683:
1088:
981:
783:
713:
550:
345:
278:
1259:
2105:
293:
Estate. The flora at this site in the SAC includes uncommon plants such as the hairy St. John's-wort (
1236:
1094:
887:
863:
775:
732:
379:
Formation. The habitats, flora and fauna of this site give it international scientific significance,
321:
307:
1859:
1545:"Lyons, Melinda D, 2015. The Flora and Conservation Status of Petrifying Springs in Ireland. Thesis"
1167:
1143:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1017:
954:
748:
574:
440:
357:
351:
339:
177:
166:
158:
1228:
1029:
993:
918:
678:
526:
362:
295:
233:
2131:
1351:
1247:
The SAC also contains an area of ecological, hydrogeological and historical interest called the
740:
2054:"Carton House operator appeals conviction for damaging protected habitat to remove wasps' nest"
2203:
1717:"Kildare County Development Plan 2023-2029 Chapter 12 Biodiversity & Green Infrastructure"
1156:
1137:
1011:
999:
969:
259:
242:
171:
2159:, 1839. A tour in Connaught: comprising sketches of Clonmacnoise, Joyce country, and Achill.
2208:
1523:
https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/KE016_Louisa_Bridge_Cold_Spring.pdf
1504:
https://gsi.geodata.gov.ie/downloads/Geoheritage/Reports/KE017_Louisa_Bridge_Warm_Spring.pdf
1100:
1035:
940:
881:
875:
721:
638:
327:
2080:"Operator of Carton House in Co Kildare convicted and fined for damaging local 'ecosystem'"
1470:
https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/17734637/revised-conservation-plan-pg-1-19-kildareie
1060:
1529:
1510:
1476:
1041:
975:
869:
857:
767:
558:
534:
510:
494:
267:
2160:
1917:
1468:, 2009; Revised 2010. Conservation plan for the Leixlip Spa. Ireland: Heritage Council.
396:
site forming the marsh and seepage area. The warm spring is understood to derive from
1918:"Fisheries body tells PAC of 61 incorrectly authorised pollution cases that cost âŹ170k"
1237:
Seveso-III (Control of Major Accident Hazards Involving Dangerous Substances) Directive
1023:
934:
791:
756:
212:
162:
142:
2172:
1141:), and to maintain the favourable conservation condition of Desmoulin's whorl snail (
960:
542:
367:
183:
1684:"JBA Consulting Ltd. Ryewater Arterial Drainage Scheme Natura Impact Statement 2021"
2028:"Over âŹ6,300 In funding announced for Kildare Projects by Inland Fisheries Ireland"
1774:
OâGrady, Martin; Delanty, Karen; Coghlan, Brian; OâBriain, Rossa; Gilligan, Nathy.
1748:
1208:
1047:
1005:
702:
694:
614:
606:
590:
518:
502:
482:
290:
216:
1970:"Diesel from burning vehicle causes latest incident of pollution in Kildare river"
1287:
1252:
1248:
1197:
893:
799:
686:
662:
463:
455:
393:
301:
228:
154:
400:
bedrock at depth The cold spring is believed to derive from shallow bedrock or
1521:'Geological Survey of Ireland, 2005. Report KE016. Louisa Bridge Cold Spring.
1502:'Geological Survey of Ireland, 2005. Report KE017. Louisa Bridge Warm Spring.
1316:
1204:. The incident resulted in a court case, however this case was withdrawn.
646:
401:
101:
88:
1544:
1207:
A subsequent pollution event took place shortly after in the river Rye near
630:
1111:
1053:
807:
670:
654:
474:
416:
in Ireland in which thermal spring water contributed to tufa formation).
204:
622:
312:
208:
74:
1892:"Committee of Public Accounts. dĂospĂłireacht - Thursday, 25 Apr 2024"
1154:
The favourable conservation condition of narrow-mouthed whorl snail (
928:
901:
448:
1808:"Fish kill confirmed on the River Rye Water in Leixlip, Co. Kildare"
277:(NPWS) has included the Rye Water Valley/Carton site as a proposed
1258:
1106:
1059:
909:
846:
838:
444:
428:
406:
333:
189:
1834:"Investigation after 500 dead fish are found in Co Kildare river"
766:
Other protected mammal species occurring at this SAC include the
376:
237:
2132:"Kildare farmer loses challenge against Intel plant expansion"
945:
2106:"High Court dismisses challenge to Intel's âŹ3.76bn expansion"
203:
The Rye Water Valley/Carton SAC is primarily located between
1944:"Further pollution discovered in the River Rye in Maynooth"
2179:
Special Areas of Conservation in the Republic of Ireland
967:
Other plants recorded at the site include bittersweet (
411:
Calcium deposits in the stream at Louisa Bridge springs
194:
Terraces leading down to the River Rye at Louisa Bridge
2161:
http://archive.org/details/tourinconnaughtc00otwaiala
236:
Annex I priority habitat as 'petrifying springs with
125:
117:
80:
70:
62:
23:
1346:
1344:
1342:
900:Trees recorded on the Carton House estate include
227:The Rye Water Valley/Carton site was designated a
1749:"Eastern River Basin District river surveys 2018"
1711:
1709:
46:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1233:Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive
371:) is found growing on a wall at Louisa Bridge.
1781:. Dublin, Ireland: Inland Fisheries Ireland.
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
421:National Parks and Wildlife Service (Ireland)
266:), a bird species which is covered by the EU
8:
1539:
1537:
439:Within the Rye Water Valley/Carton SAC, the
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
365:. The Red Data Book species blue fleabane (
1577:"Rye Water Valley Conservation Objectives"
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
867:) have been recorded, as well as bulrush (
20:
16:Ecological site in County Kildare, Ireland
1776:"River Enhancement Programmes in Ireland"
1645:"Intel. 2012. 'The Remarkable Rye River'"
1311:
1309:
1294:. National Parks & Wildlife Service
1276:
851:Early Marsh Orchid at the Leixlip Spa 1
270:, occurs at the Rye Water Valley site.
2138:from the original on 17 September 2024
2112:from the original on 17 September 2024
2086:from the original on 17 September 2024
2060:from the original on 17 September 2024
2034:from the original on 17 September 2024
2008:from the original on 16 September 2024
1976:from the original on 17 September 2024
1950:from the original on 17 September 2024
1924:from the original on 15 September 2024
1898:from the original on 15 September 2024
1872:from the original on 16 September 2024
1840:from the original on 16 September 2024
1814:from the original on 15 September 2024
1788:from the original on 16 September 2024
1755:from the original on 16 September 2024
1729:from the original on 16 September 2024
1282:
1280:
215:, and including a part of the site in
1694:from the original on 16 February 2024
1655:from the original on 16 February 2024
1593:from the original on 22 February 2023
1440:from the original on 22 February 2023
1362:from the original on 13 February 2024
1327:from the original on 13 February 2024
1110:spp.), and various stoneworts (order
843:Pyraminal Orchid at the Leixlip Spa 2
7:
1317:"EUNIS -Rye Water Valley/Carton SAC"
1183:Conservation threats and legal cases
61:
1625:from the original on 7 October 2022
1221:National Parks and Wildlife Service
720:). A protected insect species, the
392:There are two known springs at the
275:National Parks and Wildlife Service
130:National Parks and Wildlife Service
1263:River Rye at the Ryewater Aqueduct
1160:) should be restored to baseline.
14:
2189:Protected areas of County Kildare
1424:"Rye Water Valley Site Synopsis"
831:has been recorded at this site.
728:), has also been recorded here.
45:
38:
1202:Environmental Protection Agency
116:
69:
1:
1288:"Rye Water Valley/Carton SAC"
988:Chrysosplenium oppositifolium
825:The keeled skimmer dragonfly
181:, and the Eurasian kingfisher
151:Special Area of Conservation
583:greater white-fronted goose
256:European Environment Agency
2225:
1382:"NPWS Designations Viewer"
891:), and various starworts (
337:spp.), common butterwort (
1488:Parkes and Sheehan-Clarke
1064:Orchid at the Leixlip Spa
861:) and reed canary-grass (
718:Austropotamobius pallipes
33:
28:
24:Rye Water Valley / Carton
2001:. TEGOS. November 2023.
1475:24 February 2023 at the
1194:Inland Fisheries Ireland
885:), water forget-me-not (
599:lesser black-backed gull
1080:), grass-of-parnassus (
443:is a spawning site for
398:Carboniferous limestone
349:), grass-of-parnassus (
248:Desmoulin's whorl snail
139:Rye Water Valley/Carton
66:County Kildare, Ireland
2184:Natura 2000 in Ireland
1528:4 October 2023 at the
1264:
1190:Kildare County Council
1098:), purple moor-grass (
1065:
1051:), and wild angelica (
1027:), wavy bitter-cress (
973:), common dog-violet (
852:
844:
828:Orthetrum coerulescens
816:west European hedgehog
619:Tachybaptus ruficollis
567:European golden plover
412:
385:
373:
325:), purple moor-grass (
195:
146:
1262:
1092:), marsh arrowgrass (
1089:Pedicularis palustris
1063:
985:), golden saxifrage (
982:Valeriana officinalis
850:
842:
784:Eurasian red squirrel
753:Pipistrellus pygmaeus
714:white-clawed crayfish
551:Eurasian tree sparrow
441:Rye Water / River Rye
410:
381:
355:), and cuckooflower (
346:Pedicularis palustris
317:
311:). At Louisa Bridge,
299:), and hairy violet (
279:Natural Heritage Area
193:
159:Rye Water / River Rye
157:site based along the
1386:dahg.maps.arcgis.com
1356:irishstatutebook.ie/
1095:Triglochin palustris
1086:), marsh lousewort (
997:), hedge woundwort (
979:), common valerian (
888:Myosotis scorpioides
864:Phalaris arundinacea
776:Eurasian pygmy shrew
733:brown long-eared bat
468:Lissotriton vulgaris
343:), marsh lousewort (
322:Triglochin palustris
308:Scrophularia umbrosa
175:, Desmoulin's snail
102:53.37222°N 6.50556°W
1860:"Site Visit Report"
1690:. 15 October 2020.
1509:7 July 2022 at the
1321:eunis.eea.europa.eu
1168:Vertigo moulinsiana
1144:Vertigo moulinsiana
1083:Parnassia palustris
1077:Cardamine pratensis
1071:Pinguicula vulgaris
1033:), wood speedwell (
1018:Filipendula ulmaria
955:Acer pseudoplatanus
873:), marsh-marigold (
820:Erinaceus europaeus
749:soprano pipistrelle
707:Emberiza citrinella
575:great crested grebe
571:Pluvialis apricaria
507:Gallinago gallinago
499:Phasianus colchicus
358:Cardamine pratensis
352:Parnassia palustris
340:Pinguicula vulgaris
252:Vertigo moulinsiana
178:Vertigo moulinsiana
147:Gleann an RĂ/CartĂșn
126:Governing body
98: /
54:Location in Ireland
29:Gleann an RĂ/CartĂșn
2199:Geology of Ireland
2194:Springs of Ireland
1265:
1229:Habitats Directive
1066:
1030:Cardamine flexuosa
1009:), ivy broomrape (
994:Glechoma hederacea
919:Fraxinus excelsior
853:
845:
745:Myotis daubentonii
726:Euphydryas aurinia
679:spotted flycatcher
627:Anas platyrhynchos
579:Podiceps cristatus
527:common wood pigeon
413:
363:Habitats Directive
296:Hypericum hirsutum
234:Habitats Directive
196:
107:53.37222; -6.50556
1157:Vertigo angustior
1138:Vertigo angustior
1130:According to the
1074:), cuckooflower (
1015:), meadowsweet (
1012:Orobanche hederae
1000:Stachys sylvatica
970:Solanum dulcamara
952:spp.), sycamore (
761:Nyctalus leisleri
683:Muscicapa striata
243:Vertigo angustior
223:SAC qualification
172:Vertigo angustior
135:
134:
71:Nearest city
2216:
2163:
2154:
2148:
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2018:
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2015:
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1981:
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1036:Veronica montana
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882:Iris pseudacorus
879:), yellow iris (
876:Caltha palustris
788:Sciurus vulgaris
737:Plecotus auritus
722:marsh fritillary
643:Falco peregrinus
639:peregrine falcon
611:Egretta garzetta
595:Delichon urbicum
539:Numenius arquata
531:Columba palumbus
515:Sturnus vulgaris
328:Molinia caerulea
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1042:Galium odoratum
991:), ground-ivy (
976:Viola riviniana
924:Fagus sylvatica
914:Alnus glutinosa
870:Typha latifolia
858:Glyceria maxima
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768:Eurasian badger
741:Daubenton's bat
691:Aythya fuligula
675:Alauda arvensis
667:Riparia riparia
651:Lagopus lagopus
587:Anser albifrons
559:Eurasian wigeon
555:Passer montanus
535:Eurasian curlew
511:common starling
495:common pheasant
489:), kingfisher (
487:Hirundo rustica
460:Rana temporaria
437:
390:
287:
268:Birds Directive
258:notes that the
225:
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1200:and the Irish
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757:lesser noctule
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626:
618:
615:little grebe
610:
607:little egret
603:Larus fuscus
602:
594:
591:house martin
586:
578:
570:
562:
554:
546:
538:
530:
522:
519:common swift
514:
506:
503:common snipe
498:
490:
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483:barn swallow
478:
472:
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459:
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438:
426:
418:
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391:
388:Hydrogeology
382:
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320:
318:
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300:
294:
291:Carton House
288:
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251:
241:
226:
217:County Meath
202:
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153:or SAC is a
138:
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1698:13 February
1659:13 February
1629:13 February
1597:13 February
1554:13 February
1444:13 February
1391:16 February
1366:13 February
1331:13 February
1298:13 February
1292:www.npws.ie
1253:Royal Canal
1249:Leixlip Spa
1198:Irish Water
1104:), sedges (
894:Callitriche
814:), and the
800:pine marten
796:Lutra lutra
772:Meles meles
724:butterfly (
687:tufted duck
663:sand martin
635:Cygnus olor
547:Anas crecca
464:smooth newt
456:common frog
394:Leixlip Spa
331:), sedges (
302:Viola hirta
229:Natura 2000
155:Natura 2000
118:Established
105: /
81:Coordinates
2173:Categories
1271:References
938:), hazel (
922:), beech (
647:red grouse
404:deposits
402:Quaternary
260:kingfisher
90:53°22âČ20âłN
631:mute swan
523:Apus apus
479:Tyto alba
211:in north
161:in north
93:6°30âČ20âłW
2204:Maynooth
2136:Archived
2110:Archived
2084:Archived
2058:Archived
2032:Archived
2003:Archived
1974:Archived
1948:Archived
1922:Archived
1896:Archived
1867:Archived
1838:Archived
1812:Archived
1783:Archived
1753:Archived
1724:Archived
1692:Archived
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1620:Archived
1588:Archived
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1112:Charales
1054:Angelica
1003:), ivy (
916:), ash (
808:red deer
671:sky lark
655:red kite
475:barn owl
285:Features
205:Maynooth
199:Location
63:Location
2209:Leixlip
1584:npws.ie
1431:npws.ie
1243:History
950:Quercus
908:spp.),
902:willowa
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1107:Carex
910:alder
906:Salix
835:Flora
445:trout
435:Fauna
429:Clane
334:Carex
143:Irish
2144:2024
2118:2024
2092:2024
2066:2024
2040:2024
2014:2024
1982:2024
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