739:, allowed the Finns to eventually stop the Soviet offensive. These formations, however, had also been sent to Finland in the days prior to the signing of the agreement. On the other hand, their continued stay in Finland could be attributed to the agreement. Similarly, Markku Jokisipilä estimates that Finnish stockpiles of artillery shells would have lasted to the end of the year. Jokisipilä cites historian Osmo Kolehmainen, who states that the German aid had an "almost inconsequential" effect on the stabilization of the front, with the exception of the Luftwaffe detachment.
176:
164:
342:
605:
continued to fight the
Soviets, albeit without reference to fighting "alongside" the Germans. This draft, however, was rejected by Ribbentrop as being too vague and non-binding. He replied with a draft letter, to be signed and sent by Ryti. A key point of the letter was a promise that the Finns would not "lay down their arms" unless in agreement with the Germans. Debate remains about whether the rest of the German military and political leadership was aware of Ribbentrop's hard line.
5889:
413:
461:
287:
483:, causing increasing concern among both the Finns and the Germans. It appeared to the Germans that Finnish forces would not be able to halt the offensive on their own, and preparations were made to evacuate all German citizens from Finland. The Finnish General Headquarters, meanwhile, estimated that six to eight German divisions would be needed to defeat the Soviet offensive in addition to material aid.
152:
140:
128:
617:, and instead send a letter, signed personally by Ryti, which stated that no Finnish government or official authorized by Ryti would start peace negotiations without consulting with Germany. The letter had neither the official support of the Finnish government, nor was it passed through parliament. Ryti later stated that the agreement had been crafted specifically so as to not bind his successors.
772:
the war. On 17 July 1944, the
Soviets informed the Finns that they were prepared for peace negotiations, with the main demand being that Finland would need to change its government. As a result, on 1 August 1944, Ryti resigned the presidency and was replaced by Mannerheim on 4 August. The Germans attempted to keep the Finns involved in the war by sending Chief of the German High Command
696:
597:
including that currently en route, was contingent on a clear, official, "confessions" to
Germany and that the "theory" of a Finnish separate war was no longer acceptable to the Germans. The decision would have to be made by 25 June, when Ribbentrop was to travel to Bulgaria, and this information was conveyed to the Finnish representatives the following day.
752:
647:
joukkoja ja materiaalia. Lisäksi olen todennut
Valtakunnanulkoministerin antaman lupauksen, jonka mukaan Saksan valtakunta tulevaisuudessakin tulee antamaan Suomelle kaikkea sen omiin mahdollisuuksiin kuuluvaa apua, lyödäkseen yhdessä Suomen sotavoimien kanssa venäläisten Suomea vastaan tekemän rynnistyksen takaisin.
274:, was criticized heavily both within Finland and internationally. In July, Germany pulled all forces out of southern Finland, and Ryti resigned on 1 August, resulting in a Finno-Soviet armistice on 2 September. As a condition for peace, Finland had to remove any remaining German forces from Lapland, resulting in the
742:
Only a few weeks later, on 12 July, the Soviet offensive was officially halted, with troops transferred further south. Soon after, Hitler decided to pull back any German presence in southern
Finland. Two assault gun brigades that had been ordered to Finland were instead redirected to other sectors of
600:
While the
Finnish political and military leadership continued discussions on how to reply to the German demands, a Soviet reply to the Finnish peace feelers arrived in Helsinki. In it, the Soviet Union demanded an official declaration, signed by both the president and the minister of foreign affairs,
447:
in
January 1944 and the bombing of several Finnish cities did the Finns prepare for peace talks. The Germans answered these peace feelers by a weapons and grain embargo, which further increased the Finnish dependence on German aid. The situation deteriorated further when the Soviet Union launched the
486:
This request for troops was then conveyed to German officials in
Finland on 20 June. According to historian Markku Jokisipilä, the Finns would have known that such a request was unrealistic given the larger German strategic situation, and that the request was likely also intended to test whether the
438:
and the Svir railway station. The Finns crossed the river on 12 September, establishing a bridgehead that would eventually reach a width of 100 kilometres (62 mi) and a depth of 20 kilometres (12 mi). It soon became clear, however, that the German forces would not be able to reach the Svir
380:
which in a secret appendix assigned
Finland into the Soviet sphere of influence. While the international reactions to the war were strongly against the Soviet Union, the international outrage materialized in only limited support, focused on materiel rather than troops. The British and French planned
771:
While the Soviet offensive had been halted, the Finns remained in a precarious strategic situation. They were still dependent on German food, and German forces remained in the country. At the same time, the
Soviets would have no need for a negotiated peace if Finland waited until a German exit from
657:
Huomioon ottaen sen aseveljen avun, jota Saksa antaa Suomelle nykyisessä vaikeassa asemassaan, selitän Suomen tasavallan presidenttinä, etten muuta kuin yhteisymmärryksessä Saksan valtakunnan hallituksen kanssa tee rauhaa Neuvostoliiton kanssa enkä salli, että nimittämäni Suomen hallitus tai kukaan
604:
In a meeting on 24 June, the Finnish leadership estimated that the situation on the Finnish fronts had stabilized, with Soviet forces suffering heavy casualties and transferring their focus further south. The Germans were presented with a draft of a Finnish declaration that promised the Finns would
550:
of defenses. The situation, however, remained confused. In a phone call later that day, Erfurth was informed that the decision for sending aid had not, in fact, yet been officially made. Concurrently with these discussions, the Finnish leadership was privately discussing a need to exit the war, and
442:
Despite the extremely close Finno-German collaboration, Finland consistently rejected a political alliance with Germany, instead framing its actions to the Western powers as a separate, defensive war. Over the winter of 1941–42, the Finnish leadership became increasingly worried about the direction
428:
struck various targets in Finland. These included both military targets, such as airfields used by the Germans, as well as civilian targets in Helsinki and other major Finnish cities. Following the bombings, the Finnish parliament announced on 25 June that war had broken out between Finland and the
361:
stances were prevalent especially among the ruling elites and the military leadership. These anti-communist sentiments were common even among those Finnish officers whose background was in the Russian Army. At the same time, this Germanophilia was not accompanied by keen Nazi sympathy. For example,
779:
Finno-Soviet negotiations continued until 2 September, when the Finnish parliament accepted the Soviet demands. A cease-fire was agreed to begin on 4 September, ending the war between the Finns and the Soviets. As part of the Soviet demands, the Finns were to evict any remaining German forces from
266:
detachment. The Finns also received significant amounts of anti-tank weaponry. Because most of the German aid either predated the agreement, or alternatively arrived too late to meaningfully contribute to the Finnish success in stabilizing the military situation, historians have questioned whether
646:
Viitaten kanssanne käytyihin keskusteluihin haluan lausua tyydytykseni siitä, että Saksa tulee täyttämään Suomen hallituksen toivomuksen, joka koskee aseellista apua, ja että se, huomioon ottaen venäläisten hyökkäykset Karjalassa, viipymättä antaa apua Suomen sotavoimille lähettämällä saksalaisia
719:
threatened to leave the government. While it did not act on the threat following internal debate, it published a statement where it denounced the letter and the idea that Finland was not in a separate defensive war. Internationally, United States severed diplomatic ties with Finland on 30 June.
676:
In reference to discussions held with you, I wish to declare my satisfaction on the fact that Germany will fulfill the wish of the Finnish government regarding military aid and that, in the light of the Soviet attacks in Karelia, will without delay give aid to the Finnish Army by sending German
683:
In light of the help of a comrade in arms, which Germany is giving Finland in its current difficult situation, I will note as the President of the Republic, that I will not, unless in agreement with the government of the German Reich, make peace with the Soviet Union, nor will I allow that a
596:
during the night of 22–23 June, Ribbentrop indicated the Germans would be able to send further help in the form of aircraft and two or three assault gun brigades, and that a further one or two divisions of infantry could be "considered." On 23 June, Ribbentrop informed Erfurth that all help,
253:
The letter was a product of a week of Finno-German negotiations, where the Germans sought a political commitment to the war, while the Finns sought increased military aid in the form of both troops and materiel. In the letter, Ryti agreed not to seek a separate peace in the war with the
514:
from the Finns, be put on high alert. Soon after, however, he decided to send one brigade of assault guns, a division of infantry, and a detachment of aircraft to Finland as aid. He also ordered shipments of military material to be expedited. Finally, several light ships of the
677:
troops and materiel. In addition, I have noticed the promise of the Reich's foreign minister, according to which the German Reich will continue to give Finland all the help it is able to so that it can, together with the Finnish Army, turn back the Soviet assault on Finland.
608:
By 26 June, Mannerheim had been convinced that the Finns had to accept the German demands, but sought ways to make an agreement less binding. In the end, following Finno-German negotiations over some of the exact verbiage driven by the Finnish minister of foreign affairs
780:
Finland. Accordingly, on 2 September 1944, the Finns informed the Germans of severing all ties between the nations, and demanded that Germans leave Finland. Despite initial peaceful movements by the Germans, the situation soon deteriorated in the wake of an attempted
384:
After the end of the Winter War in early 1940, Finnish officers began discussions with Germans about a possible future war with the Soviet Union. While historians have been unable to establish exactly what was discussed when and by whom, it is known that
433:
began offensive operations in south-eastern Finland on the night of 9–10 July 1941, with Finnish troops crossing the border soon after midnight. The Finnish forces reached Svir by 8 September, with forces of the Finnish VI corps arriving at Kuuttilahti,
727:
and Panzerschrek anti-tank weapons were the most important part of the German aid. The weapons used to halt the Soviet offensive, however, were already in Finland by the time the agreement was signed. Some historians, such as Vesa Nenye
369:, who commanded the White forces during the Finnish Civil War and would go on to command the Finnish military during World War II, "preferred alliances with the Western Powers and the Scandinavian countries rather than with Germany."
389:
messaged the Finnish leadership already during the Winter War, urging them to seek peace as the losses would be returned later. Later in the fall of 1940, the Finnish government allowed German troop movements to northern Norway.
258:
without approval from Nazi Germany. The letter was intentionally phrased by the Finns in a way where it would not bind Ryti's successors, as Finland had already contacted the Soviet Union in secret, seeking to exit the war.
1844:
Tuunainen, Pasi (2015). "The transfer of military knowledge and the Finnish Civil War: The Finnish volunteers in the Royal Prussian Jaeger Battalion 27 as adopters and disseminators of the German art of war, 1915–1918".
573:
to Helsinki. Ribbentrop was instructed to force the Finnish government to sign a political treaty with Germany in exchange for continued weapons shipments and other military aid. On the same day, the German cruisers
588:
had been ordered to reinforce the Finns, and that the first half of the promised assault gun brigade would arrive in Helsinki later that day. In all, the Germans could be expected to arrive at the front by 27 June.
397:. The Finns and the Germans agreed that Germany would take responsibility for operations in northern Finland, while the Finnish army was in charge of operations in the southeast of Finland and east of
652:
Saan tässä yhteydessä vakuuttaa Teille, että Suomi on päättänyt käydä Saksan rinnalla sotaa Neuvostovenäjää vastaan siksi, kunnes se uhka, jolle Suomi on alttiina Neuvostoliiton taholta, on poistettu.
680:
At this conjuncture, I can ensure You, that Finland has decided to wage war alongside Germany against the Soviet Union until the threat posed by the Soviet Union against Finland has been eliminated.
4460:
978:, stating "Despite exhaustive efforts by Finnish historians, it has so far proven impossible to pinpoint the exact date on which Finland was taken into confidence about Operation Barbarossa".
3813:
2533:
5811:
3829:
2101:
381:
for an expeditionary force in December 1939, but the plans remained "diffused" and vague to the end of the war. Similarly, the lack of German support came as a shock to many in Finland.
5940:
5935:
3752:
3724:
2868:
2286:
4156:
409:. Forward elements of the German troops began arriving in Finland on 1 June, while follow-on talks continued in Helsinki to 6 June, with the Finnish army mobilizing on 10 June 1941.
5790:
4469:
3290:
1754:
Meinander, Henrik (2011). "Politics and the Military Finland and the Great Powers in World War II: Ideologies, Geopolitics, Diplomacy". In Kinnunen, Tiina; Kivimäki, Ville (eds.).
538:
On 21 June, the German High Command officially replied to the Finns that it was prepared to send the Finns one assault gun brigade, one detachment of aircraft, 30 assault guns, 40
4772:
4135:
3444:
3069:
3785:
3731:
2917:
2096:
2050:
4242:
684:
Government of Finland or any other person appointed by me to begin negotiations for an armistice or peace with the Soviet Union unless in agreement with the German government.
3738:
3354:
2608:
569:
Some disagreement remains over the discussions within the German leadership between 21 and 22 June. In any case, on 22 June 1944, Hitler sent his minister of foreign affairs
2764:
4128:
3575:
3451:
2588:
2553:
3428:
2808:
1945:
3865:
3177:
3684:
2986:
2618:
2424:
2394:
2377:
5683:
4476:
4439:
4416:
3937:
2859:
2829:
2419:
4569:
3629:
2352:
4425:
4409:
4381:
4149:
2836:
2217:
5326:
4393:
4305:
4249:
4212:
4205:
3494:
2434:
5980:
4298:
3030:
2613:
2593:
2311:
601:
that the Finns truly were prepared to surrender. This caused further chaos in the Finnish leadership, who were divided about the correct steps to take.
393:
Concrete negotiations for the future war between military officials began in 1941, potentially as early as January, but at the latest on 25 May 1941 in
4345:
5804:
4432:
2822:
2780:
5653:
5975:
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3246:
3009:
2875:
2686:
2548:
1874:
Tepora, Tuomas; Roselius, Aapo (2014). "Introduction: The Finnish Civil War, Revolution and Scholarship". In Tepora, Tuomas; Roselius, Aapo (eds.).
1704:
Jonas, Michael (2011). "The Politics of an Alliance: Finland in Nazi Foreign Policy and War Strategy". In Kinnunen, Tiina; Kivimäki, Ville (eds.).
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3382:
2882:
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2403:
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Germans had sufficient forces to retaliate against Finland in case it decided to seek an exit from the war. The German representative in Finland,
5985:
6020:
4751:
4263:
3113:
2651:
1973:
5930:
5347:
4779:
4525:
4400:
3486:
3317:
3023:
2940:
2291:
1771:
1721:
5580:
4987:
4873:
4038:
3505:
3501:
3479:
3083:
2081:
1938:
5495:
4959:
658:
muukaan henkilö ryhtyy aselepoa tai rauhaa koskeviin neuvotteluihin muuten kuin yhteisymmärryksessä Saksan valtakunnan hallituksen kanssa.
4291:
4277:
3490:
2227:
5573:
5029:
3260:
715:
The agreement was criticized heavily both in Finland and internationally, but resulted in the renewal of German weapons shipments. The
546:
anti-tank weapons, and some 85,000 rounds of artillery shells in various calibers. In turn, the Germans expected the Finns to hold the
439:
from the south. The Finns were hesitant to advance southwards, themselves, and the front stabilized into stationary or trench warfare.
5704:
5451:
4744:
4695:
4453:
4008:
3099:
2947:
2801:
2506:
2382:
1993:
1913:
716:
3759:
2454:
555:
449:
243:
6000:
5955:
5945:
5820:
4702:
4674:
4491:
4073:
3792:
2603:
2528:
2474:
2222:
2164:
2131:
2055:
1988:
1891:
1834:
1811:
1744:
1694:
5015:
307:
318:. Following the start of the Finnish Civil War on 27 January 1918, the volunteers returned to Finland to fight on the side of the
5857:
5252:
4952:
4191:
4087:
3923:
3600:
3046:
2560:
2296:
2244:
2234:
732:, state that the German military materiel, together with support from a German infantry division, an assault gun brigade and the
5211:
3983:
5381:
5222:
5047:
4806:
4765:
4658:
4596:
3253:
3122:
3090:
2249:
1931:
5617:
5410:
4647:
3770:
443:
of the war. Finland, however, remained dependent on Germany for both food and military supply. Only after the collapse of the
5995:
5767:
5739:
4098:
3820:
3460:
3191:
2910:
2815:
2700:
2583:
2538:
2121:
2111:
5711:
5642:
5467:
4681:
322:. They took various roles in the White army, with some 400 jägers being promoted to officers and approximately 660 becoming
6015:
5827:
5760:
4973:
4924:
4688:
4284:
4045:
3836:
2889:
2271:
2256:
2179:
2149:
2126:
1968:
584:
arrived in Helsinki, prompting Finnish concerns about the German intentions. The Finns were informed that a division from
580:
5950:
5901:
5797:
5172:
5133:
4052:
3887:
3872:
3799:
3778:
3596:
3274:
3060:
3053:
3037:
2748:
2707:
2679:
2598:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2347:
2195:
2169:
2159:
2045:
376:
began on 26 November 1939, when the Soviet Union attacked Finland. The attack followed the signing of the Soviet–German
377:
6010:
5864:
5188:
5140:
4758:
4730:
4583:
4198:
4177:
3698:
3361:
2757:
2489:
2449:
2444:
2174:
2106:
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to Helsinki on 17 August, but Mannerheim informed Keitel he did not consider himself to be bound by Ryti's agreement.
625:
The final text of the letter, as sent by Ryti, is as follows (Finnish on the left, English translation on the right):
464:
366:
315:
5662:
4866:
3267:
5158:
5077:
5022:
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4516:
4142:
4066:
3968:
3845:
3717:
3710:
3670:
3643:
3375:
3308:
2975:
2903:
2714:
2644:
2565:
2523:
2511:
2484:
2439:
2372:
2116:
2091:
2018:
2003:
1998:
521:
6005:
5960:
5564:
5481:
5266:
5126:
5098:
4931:
4836:
4626:
4059:
3133:
2787:
2501:
2494:
2266:
2086:
2040:
334:
by mid-April. After the civil war, the jäger volunteers would go on to take leading roles in the post-civil war
5970:
5965:
5303:
5280:
4532:
4333:
4326:
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3650:
3622:
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3338:
3002:
2516:
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2301:
2276:
2205:
2076:
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Historians disagree about the necessity of the agreement. There exists a general agreement that especially the
323:
1829:]. Sotatieteen laitoksen julkaisuja XXV (in Finnish). Vol. 2. Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö.
1806:]. Sotatieteen laitoksen julkaisuja XXV (in Finnish). Vol. 1. Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö.
262:
During the negotiations, the Germans sent to Finland one infantry division, a brigade of assault guns, and a
5725:
5669:
5539:
5399:
5084:
4737:
4633:
4539:
4107:
3975:
3945:
3909:
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3766:
3658:
3636:
3582:
3568:
3550:
3214:
2995:
2723:
2672:
2543:
2464:
2414:
2409:
2399:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2342:
2332:
2033:
2013:
1954:
708:
527:
5990:
5417:
5310:
5112:
5063:
4966:
4859:
4829:
4612:
4500:
4226:
4017:
3608:
3589:
3559:
3106:
3076:
2200:
2154:
2071:
2023:
570:
558:
341:
168:
4080:
2306:
326:. The jägers were soon joined by Imperial German forces who also took part on the side of the Whites and
5908:
5631:
5474:
5370:
5340:
5296:
5036:
5001:
4994:
4917:
4815:
4256:
4233:
3691:
3228:
2968:
2954:
2637:
2281:
2239:
2008:
1978:
614:
3283:
498:
Hitler reacted to the Finnish request for aid by first ordering that the troops assigned to operations
5732:
5587:
5238:
5195:
5165:
5091:
4901:
4880:
3806:
2961:
2316:
479:
The situation had not stabilized by 17 June, and the Finns were being pushed back, especially on the
421:
311:
228:
197:
53:
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5624:
5502:
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4114:
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3407:
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3170:
1687:
Brothers in arms or allies? Finland, German Demands for Alliance, and the Ryti-Ribbentrop Agreement
144:
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3400:
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1901:
1862:
736:
444:
327:
271:
5888:
1923:
503:
5834:
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5608:
5548:
5509:
5442:
5424:
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5231:
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4723:
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4170:
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3142:
2852:
2028:
1909:
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1830:
1807:
1786:
1767:
1740:
1717:
1690:
585:
412:
386:
303:
299:
1683:
Aseveljiä vai liittolaisia? Suomi, Saksan liittolaisvaatimukset ja Rytin-Ribbentropin-sopimus
5753:
5746:
5690:
5354:
5119:
5105:
5008:
4945:
4896:
4709:
4562:
4509:
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4270:
4184:
3414:
3391:
2924:
1983:
1879:
1854:
1759:
1709:
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488:
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319:
247:
220:
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180:
67:
460:
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430:
17:
5783:
5319:
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3297:
3156:
801:
773:
435:
358:
290:
Members of the 27th Royal Prussian Jäger Battalion on the Eastern Front of World War I.
286:
5924:
5594:
3519:
3368:
3207:
610:
156:
5893:
5697:
3997:
3902:
3533:
2896:
2660:
2389:
792:, which ended on 27 April 1945 when the last German forces left Finnish territory.
543:
516:
402:
350:
335:
306:
traveled in secret to Germany where they received military training and formed the
255:
239:
235:
175:
163:
57:
345:
Troops of the German Baltic Sea Division in Helsinki during the Finnish Civil War.
5532:
5518:
5180:
3856:
3677:
3662:
3016:
789:
760:
724:
700:
398:
354:
295:
275:
1858:
4887:
4640:
4619:
3512:
2845:
2773:
1883:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
593:
531:, were ordered to the area. This help was contingent on the Finns holding the
472:
373:
231:
193:
132:
49:
535:
of defense. The requested six divisions would not be available at this time.
5150:
4555:
4352:
4163:
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3916:
2933:
2337:
2210:
785:
781:
733:
507:
499:
338:, which was consequently heavily influenced by a German military tradition.
263:
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1783:
Finland at War: The Continuation and Lapland Wars 1941–45 (Kindle Edition)
1763:
1713:
1599:
1597:
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3149:
743:
the front, and on 21 July, Detachment Kuhlmey was recalled from Finland.
613:, it was decided that the Finnish government would completely bypass the
547:
532:
511:
416:
Finnish and German front lines in the area of Leningrad in December 1941.
394:
331:
246:, which had started on 9 June and threatened to knock Finland out of the
92:
1866:
1790:
751:
363:
151:
139:
127:
96:
4031:
756:
539:
468:
959:
957:
955:
495:, who understood that the Finns also wanted closer political ties.
4219:
750:
694:
553:
459:
411:
340:
285:
1781:
Nenye, Vesa; Munter, Peter; Wirtanen, Toni; Birks, Chris (2016).
704:
406:
2633:
2629:
1927:
475:, photographed during Hitler's visit to Finland on 4 June 1942.
492:
1046:
1044:
1739:] (in Finnish). Helsinki: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö.
1536:
1534:
879:
877:
1878:. History of Warfare. Vol. 101. Brill. pp. 1–19.
1758:. History of Warfare. Vol. 69. Brill. pp. 47–91.
302:. During World War I, some 1,900 Finnish volunteers of the
1473:
1471:
1469:
1336:
1334:
1332:
942:
940:
1756:
Finland in World War II: History, Memory, Interpretations
1706:
Finland in World War II: History, Memory, Interpretations
1906:
A Frozen Hell: The Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939–1940
1651:
1639:
1627:
1615:
1603:
1227:
1206:
1146:
1086:
1062:
3291:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1689:] (in Finnish). Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura.
242:
signed on 26 June 1944. It was sent during the Soviet
551:
decided to send out further peace feelers in secret.
5652:
5380:
5221:
5046:
4805:
4657:
4595:
4499:
4490:
4371:
4097:
4007:
3855:
3558:
3549:
3307:
3132:
2985:
2747:
2740:
2574:
2325:
2188:
2142:
2064:
1961:
1876:
The Finnish Civil War 1918: History, Memory, Legacy
1663:
1134:
1122:
405:where they would link up with German forces on the
203:
189:
118:
102:
88:
73:
63:
44:
39:
1110:
1098:
1074:
1035:
1023:
963:
707:tank destroyed by a German assault gun during the
294:The Finnish military ties to Germany date back to
2292:Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, and British North Borneo
1731:Leskinen, Jari; Juutilainen, Antti, eds. (2005).
5941:Military history of Germany during World War II
5936:Military history of Finland during World War II
666:
629:
856:
844:
2645:
1955:History of World War II by region and country
1939:
270:The agreement, which completely bypassed the
267:the agreement was a necessity for the Finns.
8:
630:
34:
1708:. History of Warfare. Vol. 69. Brill.
592:In negotiations with the Finnish President
4496:
3555:
2744:
2652:
2638:
2630:
1946:
1932:
1924:
1588:
1576:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1489:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
519:, including 6 submarines and the cruisers
33:
1477:
1340:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1050:
1011:
999:
987:
946:
931:
919:
907:
895:
883:
868:
832:
820:
29:1944 letter from Finland to Nazi Germany
1827:History of the Continuation War, part 2
1804:History of the Continuation War, part 1
1737:The Small Giant of the Continuation War
975:
813:
506:, contingency plans for the capture of
4477:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
401:. The Finns would advance into Soviet
310:. The Battalion fought as part of the
5348:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4780:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
4426:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4382:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3487:Rape during the occupation of Germany
7:
4470:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3502:Rape during the liberation of France
308:27th Royal Prussian Jäger Battalion
217:Ryti–Ribbentrop letter of agreement
40:Ryti–Ribbentrop letter of agreement
4696:German invasion of the Netherlands
2976:Weather events during World War II
767:demonstrating brotherhood in arms"
668:Führer of the Greater German Reich
25:
5981:Foreign relations of Nazi Germany
5327:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1785:(1 ed.). Osprey Publishing.
699:Finnish soldiers carrying German
542:anti-tank guns, 10,000 shots for
5887:
1821:Sotatieteen laitos, ed. (1989).
1798:Sotatieteen laitos, ed. (1988).
788:, resulting in the Finno-German
174:
162:
150:
138:
126:
5976:1944 in international relations
1664:Leskinen & Juutilainen 2005
1135:Leskinen & Juutilainen 2005
1123:Leskinen & Juutilainen 2005
634:Suur-Saksan Valtakunnan Johtaja
491:, reported this request to the
5574:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
3284:Territorial changes of Germany
3192:Indonesian National Revolution
1:
6021:Political scandals in Finland
4974:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4925:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4689:German invasion of Luxembourg
3070:Mediterranean and Middle East
450:Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive
244:Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive
227:) was a personal letter from
5931:Political history of Finland
4881:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4570:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3888:Independent State of Croatia
316:Eastern Front of World War I
114:with the resignation of Ryti
5865:End of World War II in Asia
5705:Western invasion of Germany
5212:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
5189:Second Battle of El Alamein
4759:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4731:Battle of the Mediterranean
4584:Italian invasion of Albania
2758:Air warfare of World War II
1733:Jatkosodan pikkujättiläinen
1681:Jokisipilä, Markku (2004).
755:A sign the Germans left in
703:inspect a destroyed Soviet
367:Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
6037:
5791:Naval bombardment of Japan
5159:First Battle of El Alamein
5078:Battle of Christmas Island
5023:Japanese invasion of Burma
4787:Italian invasion of Greece
4703:German invasion of Belgium
4675:German invasion of Denmark
4648:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
4517:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2781:Comparative military ranks
1859:10.13109/kize.2015.28.1.91
857:Tepora & Roselius 2014
845:Tepora & Roselius 2014
691:Reactions and consequences
429:Soviet Union. The Finnish
5986:Finland–Germany relations
5880:
5712:Bratislava–Brno offensive
5643:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
5267:Allied invasion of Sicily
5127:Aleutian Islands campaign
5099:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
5037:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4932:Second Battle of Changsha
4837:German invasion of Greece
4682:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
3024:North and Central Pacific
2667:
1884:10.1163/9789004280717_002
1847:Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte
747:Finnish exit from the war
349:Following the civil war,
324:non-commissioned officers
35:Ryti–Ribbentrop agreement
18:Ryti-Ribbentrop Agreement
6001:Treaties of Nazi Germany
5956:Helsinki in World War II
5946:Politics of World War II
5304:Allied invasion of Italy
5281:Solomon Islands campaign
5030:Third Battle of Changsha
4627:First Battle of Changsha
4533:Second Sino-Japanese War
3473:German military brothels
3339:United States war crimes
631:
5726:Second Guangxi campaign
5581:Philippines (1944–1945)
5085:Battle of the Coral Sea
4988:Fall of the Philippines
4634:Battle of South Guangxi
4540:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3946:Italian Social Republic
1111:Sotatieteen laitos 1989
1099:Sotatieteen laitos 1989
1075:Sotatieteen laitos 1988
1036:Sotatieteen laitos 1988
1024:Sotatieteen laitos 1988
964:Sotatieteen laitos 1988
717:Social Democratic Party
709:Battle of Tali-Ihantala
420:Following the start of
378:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
225:Ryti–Ribbentrop-sopimus
106:1 August 1944
5311:Armistice of Cassibile
5113:Battle of Dutch Harbor
5064:Battle of the Java Sea
4967:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4867:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4860:Battle of South Shanxi
4830:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4613:Battle of the Atlantic
4227:Korean Liberation Army
3940:(until September 1943)
3897:(until September 1944)
3875:(until September 1944)
768:
712:
686:
663:
571:Joachim von Ribbentrop
566:
561:, pictured during the
476:
417:
346:
291:
224:
169:Joachim von Ribbentrop
77:26 June 1944
5996:World War II treaties
5475:Second Battle of Guam
5371:Bengal famine of 1943
5341:Second Battle of Kiev
5297:Battle of the Dnieper
5002:Battle of Wake Island
4874:East African campaign
4816:Battle of South Henan
4461:atrocities by Germans
4234:Korean Volunteer Army
3215:Occupation of Germany
2969:Music in World War II
1823:Jatkosodan historia 2
1800:Jatkosodan historia 1
1764:10.1163/9789004214330
1714:10.1163/9789004214330
754:
698:
557:
463:
415:
344:
289:
282:Historical background
6016:Diplomatic incidents
5761:Surrender of Germany
5239:Battle of West Hubei
5196:Guadalcanal campaign
5166:Battle of Stalingrad
5092:Battle of Madagascar
3866:Albania protectorate
3653:(formerly Swaziland)
3362:Wehrmacht war crimes
3178:Expulsion of Germans
2962:Art and World War II
2860:British contribution
2809:Governments in exile
784:on the Finnish-held
422:Operation Barbarossa
312:Imperial German Army
229:President of Finland
198:President of Finland
54:President of Finland
5951:Treaties of Finland
5851:Potsdam Declaration
5740:Italy (Spring 1945)
5503:Liberation of Paris
4960:Siege of Sevastopol
3978:(until August 1944)
3881:Wang Jingwei regime
3703:from September 1943
3663:from September 1944
3601:from September 1944
3461:Romanian war crimes
3452:Persecution of Jews
3438:Croatian war crimes
3408:Japanese war crimes
3222:Occupation of Japan
3171:First Indochina War
2883:Military production
2795:Declarations of war
2404:Carpathian Ruthenia
1908:. Algonquin Books.
1902:Trotter, William R.
1654:, pp. 448–472.
1630:, pp. 437–438.
1555:, pp. 364–365.
1516:, pp. 368–370.
1463:, pp. 335–337.
1451:, pp. 341–342.
1427:, pp. 326–330.
1415:, pp. 321–323.
1403:, pp. 319–320.
1391:, pp. 310–311.
1379:, pp. 307–308.
1367:, pp. 305–306.
1355:, pp. 300–302.
1326:, pp. 295–300.
1314:, pp. 290–292.
1278:, pp. 282–283.
1230:, pp. 295–296.
1137:, pp. 145–146.
1077:, pp. 250–251.
1038:, pp. 177–179.
1026:, pp. 175–177.
763:: "As a thanks for
493:German High Command
145:C. G. E. Mannerheim
36:
6011:Eponymous treaties
5844:Surrender of Japan
5677:Battle of Iwo Jima
5526:Belgrade offensive
4939:Siege of Leningrad
4823:Battle of Shanggao
4752:British Somaliland
4717:Dunkirk evacuation
4668:Norwegian campaign
4606:Invasion of Poland
4433:Japanese prisoners
3401:Italian war crimes
3332:British war crimes
3247:Soviet occupations
3031:South-West Pacific
2918:Allied cooperation
2876:Military equipment
1994:French West Africa
1974:British Somaliland
910:, pp. 57, 59.
769:
737:Detachment Kuhlmey
713:
567:
477:
445:siege of Leningrad
418:
347:
292:
272:Finnish Parliament
5918:
5917:
5876:
5875:
5719:Battle of Okinawa
5618:Burma (1944–1945)
5452:Mariana and Palau
5232:Tunisian campaign
5057:Fall of Singapore
4981:Fall of Hong Kong
4724:Battle of Britain
4577:Operation Himmler
4486:
4485:
4150:Dutch East Indies
3793:Southern Rhodesia
3545:
3544:
3445:Genocide of Serbs
3348:German war crimes
3325:Soviet war crimes
3318:Allied war crimes
3164:Division of Korea
3143:Chinese Civil War
2941:Strategic bombing
2853:Manhattan Project
2627:
2626:
2218:Dutch East Indies
2056:Southern Rhodesia
1989:French Somaliland
1773:978-90-04-21433-0
1723:978-90-04-21433-0
1652:Nenye et al. 2016
1640:Nenye et al. 2016
1628:Nenye et al. 2016
1616:Nenye et al. 2016
1604:Nenye et al. 2016
1228:Nenye et al. 2016
1207:Nenye et al. 2016
1197:, pp. 79–80.
1147:Nenye et al. 2016
1087:Nenye et al. 2016
1063:Nenye et al. 2016
1053:, pp. 71–72.
1002:, pp. 68–69.
886:, pp. 55–56.
835:, pp. 91–92.
586:Heeresgruppe Nord
372:The Finno-Soviet
300:Finnish Civil War
213:
212:
16:(Redirected from
6028:
6006:June 1944 events
5961:Continuation War
5911:
5904:
5897:
5894:World portal
5892:
5891:
5867:
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5786:
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5754:Prague offensive
5749:
5747:Battle of Berlin
5742:
5735:
5728:
5721:
5714:
5707:
5700:
5693:
5691:Vienna offensive
5686:
5679:
5672:
5670:Battle of Manila
5665:
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5411:Korsun–Cherkassy
5406:
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5357:
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5322:
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5283:
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5253:Bombing of Gorky
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5207:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5175:
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5161:
5154:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5120:Battle of Midway
5115:
5108:
5106:Battle of Gazala
5101:
5094:
5087:
5080:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5016:Battle of Borneo
5011:
5009:Malayan campaign
5004:
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4953:Bombing of Gorky
4948:
4946:Battle of Moscow
4941:
4934:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4906:
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4876:
4869:
4862:
4855:
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4832:
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4782:
4775:
4768:
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4740:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4710:Battle of France
4705:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4563:Munich Agreement
4558:
4551:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4519:
4512:
4497:
4479:
4472:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4448:Soviet prisoners
4442:
4435:
4428:
4419:
4412:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4388:German prisoners
4384:
4364:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
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4027:
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4000:
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3986:
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3971:
3964:
3957:
3948:
3941:
3933:
3926:
3924:French Indochina
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3868:
3848:
3839:
3832:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3771:from August 1944
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
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3604:
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3578:
3571:
3556:
3536:
3529:
3522:
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3508:
3497:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3463:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3415:Nanjing Massacre
3410:
3403:
3394:
3392:Nuremberg trials
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3341:
3334:
3327:
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3300:
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3249:
3242:
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3125:
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3109:
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3079:
3072:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2996:Asia and Pacific
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2927:
2925:Mulberry harbour
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
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2378:Military history
2132:Native Americans
1948:
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1934:
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854:
848:
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836:
830:
824:
818:
711:on 30 June 1944.
563:Nuremberg trials
489:Waldemar Erfurth
481:Karelian Isthmus
452:on 9 June 1944.
426:Soviet Air Force
424:on 22 June, the
248:Continuation War
181:Waldemar Erfurth
179:
178:
167:
166:
155:
154:
143:
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68:Continuation War
37:
21:
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5971:1944 in Germany
5966:1944 in Finland
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5805:Atomic bombings
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5496:Eastern Romania
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5489:Warsaw Uprising
5487:
5482:Tannenberg Line
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5468:Western Ukraine
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5369:
5360:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5318:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5286:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5260:Battle of Kursk
5258:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5230:
5217:
5210:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5148:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5071:St Nazaire Raid
5069:
5062:
5055:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4895:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4853:Anglo-Iraqi War
4851:
4844:Battle of Crete
4842:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4801:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4773:Eastern Romania
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4722:
4715:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4591:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4515:
4508:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4459:
4452:
4447:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4415:
4408:
4399:
4392:
4387:
4380:
4367:
4360:
4351:
4344:
4339:
4334:Western Ukraine
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4278:Northeast China
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4003:
3996:
3989:
3984:Slovak Republic
3982:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3955:Empire of Japan
3953:
3944:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3871:
3864:
3851:
3844:
3835:
3828:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3657:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3541:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3500:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3467:Sexual violence
3466:
3459:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3390:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3197:
3190:
3185:Greek Civil War
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3128:
3121:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3010:South-East Asia
3008:
3001:
2994:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2869:Military awards
2867:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2763:
2756:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2694:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2663:
2658:
2628:
2623:
2619:Pacific Islands
2614:Solomon Islands
2594:Gilbert Islands
2576:
2570:
2549:Channel Islands
2321:
2184:
2138:
2060:
1957:
1952:
1922:
1916:
1900:
1894:
1873:
1843:
1837:
1820:
1814:
1797:
1780:
1774:
1753:
1747:
1730:
1724:
1703:
1697:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1666:, p. 1148.
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1595:
1589:Jokisipilä 2004
1587:
1583:
1577:Jokisipilä 2004
1575:
1571:
1565:Jokisipilä 2004
1563:
1559:
1553:Jokisipilä 2004
1551:
1547:
1541:Jokisipilä 2004
1539:
1532:
1526:Jokisipilä 2004
1524:
1520:
1514:Jokisipilä 2004
1512:
1508:
1502:Jokisipilä 2004
1500:
1496:
1490:Jokisipilä 2004
1488:
1484:
1476:
1467:
1461:Jokisipilä 2004
1459:
1455:
1449:Jokisipilä 2004
1447:
1443:
1437:Jokisipilä 2004
1435:
1431:
1425:Jokisipilä 2004
1423:
1419:
1413:Jokisipilä 2004
1411:
1407:
1401:Jokisipilä 2004
1399:
1395:
1389:Jokisipilä 2004
1387:
1383:
1377:Jokisipilä 2004
1375:
1371:
1365:Jokisipilä 2004
1363:
1359:
1353:Jokisipilä 2004
1351:
1347:
1339:
1330:
1324:Jokisipilä 2004
1322:
1318:
1312:Jokisipilä 2004
1310:
1306:
1300:Jokisipilä 2004
1298:
1294:
1288:Jokisipilä 2004
1286:
1282:
1276:Jokisipilä 2004
1274:
1270:
1264:Jokisipilä 2004
1262:
1258:
1252:Jokisipilä 2004
1250:
1246:
1240:Jokisipilä 2004
1238:
1234:
1226:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1093:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1006:
998:
994:
986:
982:
974:
970:
962:
953:
945:
938:
930:
926:
918:
914:
906:
902:
894:
890:
882:
875:
867:
863:
855:
851:
843:
839:
831:
827:
819:
815:
810:
798:
749:
693:
688:
687:
673:Your Highness!
669:
664:
662:
661:
635:
623:
621:Final agreement
458:
431:Army of Karelia
403:Eastern Karelia
284:
185:
173:
161:
149:
137:
125:
109:
107:
80:
78:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6034:
6032:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5923:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5912:
5905:
5898:
5881:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5861:
5854:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5824:
5821:South Sakhalin
5817:
5816:
5815:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5780:
5773:
5772:
5771:
5757:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5694:
5687:
5680:
5673:
5666:
5658:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5639:
5638:
5637:
5621:
5614:
5613:
5612:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5561:
5552:
5545:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5515:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5455:
5448:
5439:
5430:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5396:
5386:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5358:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5300:
5293:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5246:Battle of Attu
5242:
5235:
5227:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5208:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5137:
5123:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5081:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5052:
5050:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4995:Battle of Guam
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4918:Battle of Kiev
4914:
4907:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4811:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4663:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4601:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4536:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4505:
4503:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4457:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4429:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4417:United Kingdom
4413:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4385:
4377:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4349:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4013:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:British Empire
3814:United Kingdom
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3655:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3630:Czechoslovakia
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3564:
3562:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3530:
3527:Rape of Manila
3523:
3516:
3509:
3498:
3483:
3476:
3464:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3404:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3365:
3358:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3298:United Nations
3294:
3287:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3243:
3234:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3157:Decolonization
3153:
3146:
3138:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3103:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3057:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2849:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2830:United Kingdom
2826:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2676:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2539:British Empire
2534:United Kingdom
2531:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2507:Basque Country
2499:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2383:Basque Country
2380:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2353:Czechoslovakia
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1915:978-1565126923
1914:
1898:
1892:
1871:
1841:
1835:
1818:
1812:
1795:
1778:
1772:
1751:
1745:
1728:
1722:
1701:
1695:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1642:, p. 443.
1632:
1620:
1618:, p. 438.
1608:
1606:, p. 437.
1593:
1591:, p. 382.
1581:
1579:, p. 381.
1569:
1567:, p. 366.
1557:
1545:
1543:, p. 362.
1530:
1528:, p. 373.
1518:
1506:
1504:, p. 368.
1494:
1492:, p. 345.
1482:
1478:Meinander 2011
1465:
1453:
1441:
1439:, p. 335.
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1341:Meinander 2011
1328:
1316:
1304:
1302:, p. 286.
1292:
1290:, p. 285.
1280:
1268:
1266:, p. 281.
1256:
1254:, p. 277.
1244:
1242:, p. 276.
1232:
1211:
1209:, p. 295.
1199:
1195:Meinander 2011
1187:
1183:Meinander 2011
1175:
1171:Meinander 2011
1163:
1159:Meinander 2011
1151:
1149:, p. 229.
1139:
1127:
1125:, p. 144.
1115:
1113:, p. 308.
1103:
1101:, p. 292.
1091:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1051:Meinander 2011
1040:
1028:
1016:
1012:Meinander 2011
1004:
1000:Meinander 2011
992:
988:Meinander 2011
980:
968:
966:, p. 172.
951:
947:Meinander 2011
936:
932:Meinander 2011
924:
920:Meinander 2011
912:
908:Meinander 2011
900:
896:Meinander 2011
888:
884:Meinander 2011
873:
869:Meinander 2011
861:
849:
837:
833:Tuunainen 2015
825:
821:Tuunainen 2015
812:
811:
809:
806:
805:
804:
802:Finlandisation
797:
794:
782:German landing
774:Wilhelm Keitel
748:
745:
692:
689:
665:
628:
627:
622:
619:
581:Admiral Hipper
457:
454:
436:Lodeynoye Pole
387:Hermann Göring
359:anti-communist
304:Jäger Movement
283:
280:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
191:
187:
186:
184:
183:
171:
159:
147:
135:
122:
120:
116:
115:
104:
100:
99:
90:
86:
85:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
46:
42:
41:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6033:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5991:1944 treaties
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5910:
5906:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5895:
5890:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5855:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:Kuril Islands
5825:
5822:
5818:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5778:
5774:
5769:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5751:
5748:
5744:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5730:
5727:
5723:
5720:
5716:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5695:
5692:
5688:
5685:
5681:
5678:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5644:
5640:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5615:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5596:
5595:Syrmian Front
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5550:
5546:
5543:
5542:
5541:Market Garden
5537:
5534:
5530:
5527:
5523:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5504:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5476:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5400:Monte Cassino
5397:
5394:
5393:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5372:
5368:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5312:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5271:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5213:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5045:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4989:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4957:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4850:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4770:
4767:
4766:Baltic states
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4739:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4725:
4721:
4718:
4714:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4649:
4645:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4550:
4546:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4489:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4410:United States
4407:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4346:Quốc dân Đảng
4343:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4046:Liechtenstein
4043:
4040:
4036:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:United States
3827:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3520:Comfort women
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3504: /
3503:
3499:
3496:
3493: /
3492:
3489: /
3488:
3484:
3481:
3480:Camp brothels
3477:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:The Holocaust
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:forced labour
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3208:Marshall Plan
3205:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3061:Eastern Front
3058:
3055:
3054:Western Front
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2948:Puppet states
2945:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:Naval history
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2837:United States
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2650:
2648:
2643:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Liechtenstein
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Latin America
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:South America
2141:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2102:United States
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:North America
2063:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:Belgian Congo
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1893:9789004280717
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1838:
1836:951-0-15329-X
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1813:951-0-15327-3
1809:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1746:951-0-28690-7
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1696:951-746-632-3
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1480:, p. 83.
1479:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1343:, p. 82.
1342:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1185:, p. 78.
1184:
1179:
1176:
1173:, p. 75.
1172:
1167:
1164:
1161:, p. 73.
1160:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1089:, p. 12.
1088:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1065:, p. 68.
1064:
1059:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1017:
1014:, p. 69.
1013:
1008:
1005:
1001:
996:
993:
990:, p. 68.
989:
984:
981:
977:
972:
969:
965:
960:
958:
956:
952:
949:, p. 66.
948:
943:
941:
937:
934:, p. 62.
933:
928:
925:
922:, p. 61.
921:
916:
913:
909:
904:
901:
898:, p. 56.
897:
892:
889:
885:
880:
878:
874:
871:, p. 50.
870:
865:
862:
858:
853:
850:
846:
841:
838:
834:
829:
826:
823:, p. 91.
822:
817:
814:
807:
803:
800:
799:
795:
793:
791:
787:
783:
777:
775:
766:
762:
758:
753:
746:
744:
740:
738:
735:
731:
726:
721:
718:
710:
706:
702:
697:
690:
685:
681:
678:
674:
671:
670:Adolf Hitler
660:
659:
654:
653:
649:
648:
643:
642:
638:
637:
626:
620:
618:
616:
612:
611:Henrik Ramsay
606:
602:
598:
595:
590:
587:
583:
582:
577:
572:
564:
560:
556:
552:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
529:
524:
523:
518:
513:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
484:
482:
474:
470:
466:
462:
455:
453:
451:
446:
440:
437:
432:
427:
423:
414:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
391:
388:
382:
379:
375:
370:
368:
365:
360:
356:
352:
351:Germanophilic
343:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
288:
281:
279:
277:
273:
268:
265:
260:
257:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
209:
206:
202:
199:
195:
192:
188:
182:
177:
172:
170:
165:
160:
158:
157:Henrik Ramsay
153:
148:
146:
141:
136:
134:
129:
124:
123:
121:
117:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
32:
27:
19:
5902:Bibliography
5885:
5698:Project Hula
5663:Vistula–Oder
5632:
5565:
5556:
5540:
5510:
5459:
5443:
5434:
5425:
5391:
5288:
5203:
5179:
5149:
4900:
4793:
4738:North Africa
4440:Soviet Union
4394:Soviet Union
4320:Soviet Union
4088:Vatican City
3998:Vichy France
3903:German Reich
3800:Soviet Union
3786:South Africa
3779:Sierra Leone
3732:Newfoundland
3551:Participants
3534:Marocchinate
3238:
3229:
3199:
3077:North Africa
3038:Indian Ocean
2897:Nazi plunder
2788:Cryptography
2661:World War II
2561:Vatican City
2480:Soviet Union
2228:West Sumatra
2097:Newfoundland
2051:South Africa
2046:Sierra Leone
2024:North Africa
1905:
1875:
1853:(1): 91–97.
1850:
1846:
1826:
1822:
1803:
1799:
1782:
1755:
1736:
1732:
1705:
1686:
1682:
1659:
1647:
1635:
1623:
1611:
1584:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1485:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1166:
1154:
1142:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1070:
1058:
1031:
1019:
1007:
995:
983:
976:Trotter 2013
971:
927:
915:
903:
891:
864:
859:, p. 2.
852:
847:, p. 1.
840:
828:
816:
778:
770:
764:
741:
729:
722:
714:
701:Panzerfausts
682:
679:
675:
672:
667:
656:
655:
651:
650:
645:
644:
641:Korkeutenne!
640:
639:
636:Adolf Hitler
633:
632:
624:
607:
603:
599:
591:
579:
575:
568:
544:Panzershreck
537:
526:
520:
517:Kriegsmarine
497:
485:
478:
456:Negotiations
441:
419:
392:
383:
371:
348:
336:Finnish Army
330:the capital
293:
269:
261:
256:Soviet Union
252:
240:Adolf Hitler
216:
214:
58:Adolf Hitler
48:Letter from
31:
26:
5633:Bodenplatte
5519:Gothic Line
4745:West Africa
4292:Philippines
4271:Netherlands
4136:Czech lands
4074:Switzerland
4018:Afghanistan
3969:Philippines
3837:Puerto Rico
3753:Philippines
3739:New Zealand
3725:Netherlands
3678:Free France
3429:Prosecution
3230:Osoaviakhim
3100:West Africa
3084:East Africa
2731:Conferences
2609:New Zealand
2575:Oceania and
2529:Switzerland
2490:Byelorussia
2445:Netherlands
2287:Philippines
2127:Puerto Rico
2082:El Salvador
790:Lapland War
761:Lapland War
759:during the
725:Panzerfaust
576:Prinz Eugen
522:Prinz Eugen
399:Lake Ladoga
355:Russophobic
296:World War I
276:Lapland War
190:Signatories
119:Negotiators
5925:Categories
5733:West Hunan
5566:Pointblank
4902:Silver Fox
4888:Summer War
4641:Winter War
4620:Phoney War
4401:Azerbaijan
4362:Yugoslavia
4257:Luxembourg
4099:Resistance
3846:Yugoslavia
3711:Luxembourg
3513:Sook Ching
3309:War crimes
2911:Technology
2904:Opposition
2846:Lend-Lease
2823:Australian
2816:Home front
2774:Blitzkrieg
2724:Casualties
2715:Commanders
2687:Operations
2604:New Guinea
2584:Antarctica
2577:Antarctica
2566:Yugoslavia
2485:Azerbaijan
2440:Luxembourg
2223:New Guinea
2122:New Mexico
2112:California
2019:Madagascar
2004:Gold Coast
1999:The Gambia
1791:B01C7LYSZM
1674:References
615:parliament
594:Risto Ryti
559:Ribbentrop
504:Tanne West
465:Mannerheim
374:Winter War
232:Risto Ryti
194:Risto Ryti
133:Risto Ryti
110:1944-08-01
103:Expiration
81:1944-06-26
50:Risto Ryti
5798:Manchuria
5684:Indochina
5460:Bagration
4911:Lithuania
4556:Anschluss
4353:Viet Minh
4250:Lithuania
4192:Hong Kong
3962:Manchukuo
3917:Azad Hind
3576:Australia
3376:Aftermath
3239:Paperclip
3134:Aftermath
2934:Total war
2802:Diplomacy
2765:In Europe
2589:Australia
2554:Gibraltar
2512:Catalonia
2435:Lithuania
2297:Singapore
2245:Indochina
2235:Hong Kong
2211:Manchuria
2180:Venezuela
2150:Argentina
2087:Greenland
2041:Nyasaland
786:Suursaari
734:Luftwaffe
508:Suursaari
500:Tanne Ost
264:Luftwaffe
5909:Category
5858:document
5768:document
5625:Ardennes
5609:Budapest
5557:Crossbow
5435:Overlord
5274:Smolensk
4492:Timeline
4327:Slovakia
4313:Thailand
4164:Ethiopia
4129:Bulgaria
4053:Portugal
3991:Thailand
3873:Bulgaria
3651:Eswatini
3644:Ethiopia
3597:Bulgaria
3422:Unit 731
3383:Response
3200:Keelhaul
3150:Cold War
3123:Americas
3114:timeline
3107:Atlantic
2987:Theaters
2475:Slovenia
2470:Slovakia
2460:Portugal
2348:Bulgaria
2302:Thailand
2277:Mongolia
2250:Cambodia
2170:Suriname
2160:Colombia
1984:Ethiopia
1904:(2013).
1867:24574785
796:See also
548:VKT-line
533:VKT-line
395:Salzburg
332:Helsinki
328:captured
298:and the
204:Language
93:Helsinki
89:Location
5835:Shumshu
5602:Hungary
5549:Estonia
5533:Lapland
5511:Dragoon
5444:Neptune
5426:Ichi-Go
5392:Tempest
5334:Changde
5289:Cottage
5181:Jubilee
4897:Finland
4795:Compass
4501:Prelude
4454:Finland
4340:Vietnam
4306:Romania
4178:Germany
4157:Estonia
4143:Denmark
4122:Belgium
4115:Austria
4108:Albania
4039:Ireland
4025:Andorra
4009:Neutral
3976:Romania
3910:Hungary
3895:Finland
3767:Romania
3659:Finland
3637:Denmark
3583:Belgium
3569:Algeria
3275:Romania
3261:Hungary
3017:Pacific
2741:General
2695:Leaders
2680:Battles
2673:Outline
2517:Galicia
2495:Ukraine
2465:Romania
2415:Ireland
2410:Iceland
2400:Hungary
2390:Germany
2368:Finland
2363:Estonia
2358:Denmark
2343:Belgium
2338:Austria
2333:Albania
2175:Uruguay
2107:Arizona
2034:Morocco
2029:Tunisia
2014:Liberia
364:Marshal
314:on the
238:Führer
221:Finnish
208:Finnish
108: (
97:Finland
79: (
64:Context
5812:Debate
5784:Taipei
5777:Borneo
5355:Tarawa
4549:Europe
4510:Africa
4299:Poland
4285:Norway
4264:Malaya
4243:Latvia
4185:Greece
4171:France
4067:Sweden
4032:Bhutan
3760:Poland
3746:Norway
3718:Mexico
3685:Greece
3671:France
3609:Canada
3590:Brazil
3560:Allies
3506:Serbia
3495:Poland
3268:Poland
3254:Baltic
3047:Europe
2749:Topics
2701:Allied
2524:Sweden
2455:Poland
2450:Norway
2425:Latvia
2395:Greece
2373:France
2326:Europe
2312:Turkey
2272:Malaya
2201:Ceylon
2155:Brazil
2117:Nevada
2092:Mexico
2072:Canada
1962:Africa
1912:
1890:
1865:
1833:
1810:
1789:
1770:
1743:
1720:
1693:
757:Muonio
730:et al.
540:Pak 40
469:Hitler
320:Whites
236:German
74:Signed
5588:Leyte
5418:Narva
5404:Anzio
5362:Makin
5320:Burma
5204:Torch
5173:Rzhev
5134:Kiska
4220:Korea
4206:Japan
4199:Italy
4081:Tibet
4060:Spain
3938:Italy
3699:Italy
3692:India
3616:China
3491:Japan
3091:Italy
3003:China
2955:Women
2599:Nauru
2544:Wales
2502:Spain
2420:Italy
2307:Tibet
2282:Nepal
2267:Japan
2240:India
2206:China
2196:Burma
2009:Kenya
1979:Egypt
1863:JSTOR
1825:[
1802:[
1735:[
1685:[
808:Notes
528:Niobe
512:Åland
56:, to
5654:1945
5382:1944
5223:1943
5151:Blue
5141:Attu
5048:1942
4807:1941
4659:1940
4597:1939
4526:Asia
4373:POWs
4213:Jews
3931:Iraq
3857:Axis
3807:Tuva
3623:Cuba
2708:Axis
2317:Tuva
2262:Iraq
2257:Iran
2189:Asia
2077:Cuba
1910:ISBN
1888:ISBN
1831:ISBN
1808:ISBN
1787:ASIN
1768:ISBN
1741:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1691:ISBN
705:T-34
578:and
525:and
510:and
502:and
473:Ryti
471:and
407:Svir
357:and
215:The
45:Type
1880:doi
1855:doi
1760:doi
1710:doi
765:not
234:to
5927::
5402:/
1886:.
1861:.
1851:28
1849:.
1766:.
1716:.
1596:^
1533:^
1468:^
1331:^
1214:^
1043:^
954:^
939:^
876:^
467:,
353:,
278:.
250:.
223::
196:,
95:,
52:,
4905:)
4899:(
3773:)
3769:(
3705:)
3701:(
3665:)
3661:(
3603:)
3599:(
2653:e
2646:t
2639:v
2406:)
2402:(
1947:e
1940:t
1933:v
1918:.
1896:.
1882::
1869:.
1857::
1839:.
1816:.
1793:.
1776:.
1762::
1749:.
1726:.
1712::
1699:.
565:.
219:(
112:)
83:)
20:)
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