1115:
1103:
930:
527:
965:
1162:
722:), a decree was made in an effort to codify and ritualize the dress code as an expression of one's social status and ranks; colours were then used to distinguish the upper and lower ranks, thus defining the elite identity in Ryukyu Kingdom. This decree by King Shō Shin was a situation where Chinese practices were localized in the Ryukyu Kingdom. Ming-style clothing for officials and daily clothing were made for the Ryukyu kings and his officials. The regal insignia was a Ryukyuan innovation, which was loosely based on the Ming dynasty regulations of dress codification.
1429:
1438:
1007:
891:
1127:
1139:
995:
1192:
22:
915:
903:
1420:
164:
1096:, leading to traditional Ryukyuan clothing being discouraged. The clothing of the Ryukyu people were influenced by the Japanese, and Japanese-style clothing was increasingly adopted. After the World War II, Ryukyuan bridal clothing did not show any native Ryukyuan influence, and was instead of Japanese origin.
756:
wore gold hairpins, silver hairpins were worn by feudal lords, brass hairpins by merchants and farmers; pewter or plain wood hairpins were worn by the people of the poorest status. Commoners could wear hairpins with tortoise shell in alternative hexagonal shapes of black and yellow during state occasions.
1045:
in 1609, Satsuma controlled the islands and intentionally ceded to China's ritual authority over the Ryukyu
Kingdom in order to win the economic profit from the tribute trade with China. The Ryukyu Kingdom continued to pay tribute to the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, but they were also forced to
674:
In Ryukyu, garments began during the era of Tenson. The following generations gradually gained knowledge of weaving techniques, which developed admirably. During the 16th year of the Hong-wu era , King Satto started to pursue relations with China. Emperor Taizu of the Hong-wu era bestowed him with
755:
may have been a custom which had been influenced by South Asian countries. The hairpins were also strictly regulated along with clothing during this period: Kings wore gold hairpins, which were decorated with a dragon, while a phoenix head decorated the hairpins of the queens; people of noble birth
189:
shows a combination of
Chinese and Japanese influences as well as local, native originality. Robes which crossed in the front was worn by both the working and upper classes; however, they differed in length (from knee to ankle length). The working class would wear a knee-length robe while the upper
759:
The
Chinese never attempted to impose their culture on the Ryukyuans. The Ryukyu people used some Chinese designs and fabrics in making; however, they also cut it in a way which would suit local tastes and whose design was practical for daily life. This allowed the Ryukyu people to be culturally
760:
independent from China. Chinese silks bestowed to the
Ryukyuan people were also transformed by the local artisans in Ryukyu to make ceremonial garments; these silk ceremonial garments differed from the hemp-based clothing that most commoners would make as their clothing.
1054:
as well. In order to hide the dual sovereignty, the
Ryukyuans were forbidden from being assimilated into Japanese culture, and they were encouraged to continue wearing their traditional clothing and speak in the local language. When Ryukyuan envoys would visit
1114:
1092:. Between the years 1879 and 1895, many cultural and institutional characteristics of the Ryuku kingdom were preserved. However, following the arrival of Governor Shigeru Narahara, an aggressive form of cultural assimilation took place in the form of
1087:
Japanese influences increased from the year 1874, when the last King was taken prisoner in Tokyo and when Japan forbade the exchange of envoys with China. The Ryukyu
Kingdom was eventually abolished and the islands were annexed without consent by the
929:
125:. It was originally worn by the members of the royal family and by the nobles of Ryukyu Kingdom. The Ryukyu Kingdom was originally an independent nation which established trade relationship with many countries in Southeast Asia (
848:), a cross-collared upper garment closed left over right, and white silk trousers. Only members of the royal family and members of upper-class warrior families were allowed to wear these undergarments. The emperor also wore
285:, China. It is also suggested by Japanese scholar Yoshitaro Kamakura that the dyeing and painting techniques, styles, materials, motifs (e.g. Fujian-style Chinese bird and flower were introduced under the reign of King
964:
823:
was slightly modified from the clothing gifted by the Ming dynasty, and included unique
Ryukyuan features, such as fringes at the back of the garment, while maintaining the style of Ming dynasty court clothing. In the
638:
entered into a tributary relationship with the Ming dynasty, and paid tribute for 500 years for trading privileges and diplomatic ties. In exchange for their tributes, the Ming dynasty gifted the Ryukyu
Kingdom with
578:
In the 5th century, oxen and swine were introduced to the islands which would also provided a source of clothing. According to a 5th-century records, the Ryukyu people only covered the upper parts of their bodies.
1327:– Royal crown, part of formal clothing for the Ryukyu king; it was bestowed by the Chinese Emperor. It was worn on important events, such as Sappo (enthronement of the King) and on the New Year's celebration.
431:
was the preferred textile for summer due to its airiness, for its smooth surface and because it does not stick to the skin in hot weather, making it suitable for the hot climate of
Okinawa. According to the
1437:
265:
textiles were strictly supervised by the royal court. It was closely associated with the royal court and was traditionally reserved for the royalty of Ryukyu and aristocrats, and for warrior families.
593:(1249–1259), clothing which was characteristic of the Ryukyuan people had developed. The clothing was later recorded through illustrations; it was depicted in a 14th century book. During the reign of
534:
Cotton was exported to the
Ryukyuan Kingdom as early as 219 BC from China. The Ryukyuans appear to have started weaving around the time there was initial contact with China, most likely during the
1062:
Following the fall of the Ming dynasty, the Ryukyu continued to follow the Ming dynasty's court fashion and styled their own clothing with dragon emblems which were bestowed by the Qing dynasty.
2228:"Okinawan Treasures Make U.S. Debut in New Exhibit at the George Washington University Museum and The Textile Museum 'Bingata! Only in Okinawa' Tracks the Colorful History of the Ryukyu Kingdom"
1006:
1231:. For men, it was used as ceremonial undergarment along with trousers; it was only used by the members of the royal family and the upper class warrior families. The emperor wore it under the
1059:, they had to wear Chinese clothing. The reigns of Shō Tei to Shō Eki and Shō Kei were eras of strong Japanese influence, although the sentiment of the Ryukyu people were pro-Chinese.
1161:
1102:
738:), which resembled the dragon robes of the Ming dynasty emperor, were used by the King of Ryukyu. Yellow clothing was restricted to the ruling family of Ryukyu as in China.
2652:
2514:
2463:
2414:
2179:
1581:
601:
of Buddhist priests may have served as the basis in design source for the development of the people's clothing. Married women also started to be tattooed during
1073:, which was folded 7 or 9 times at the forehead and 11 or 12 at the back. It also became a social status marker in the court hierarchy, as the colours of the
664:
to the 16th century, Chinese influence on the Ryukyuan Kingdom was significant, while Japanese influence faded. According to a historical record known as
1138:
2690:
2535:
2323:
2294:
2260:
2113:
1989:
1949:
1126:
994:
2490:
2439:
2390:
2155:
2086:
2048:
1706:
1557:
692:
214:
in terms of colour, design, and material. Men would secure their robes with a sash or girdle but women would hold theirs with a pin. The
890:
575:, it states that "It is not clear when weaving began in our country. This was probably from the time that there was contact with Han ".
2628:
1874:
1834:
526:
115:
is a form of formal attire; it is customary to wear it on occasions such as wedding ceremony and the coming-of-age ceremony. The
1191:
1617:"Traditional Costume that Represents Okinawa's Culture and National Features, the "Ryusou". | Features | Okinawa Travel Info"
711:
In the 15th century, textile development in Ryukyu showed Indian, Indonesian, and Chinese influences. During the reign of
477:
Due to the differences in climate and culture, Ryukyuan clothing differed to that worn on mainland Japan. Compared to the
2620:
Okinawan-English wordbook : a short lexicon of the Okinawan language with English definitions and Japanese cognates
2564:
1349:, a type ceremonial clothing bestowed by the Chinese emperor, it was worn by the King of Ryukyu. It was worn with the
1653:
2749:
2518:
2183:
1428:
1089:
643:
of various designs (including round-collar robes and cross-collared robes), silk, and royal crowns (such as the
487:
has big sleeve openings, which allows for good air circulation to keep its wearer cool in tropical weather. The
582:
By the 7th to 8th centuries, people were already producing hand-woven fabric of cotton and other leaf fibers.
1990:"Costume: White ground satin. Silk. (Undergarment and Pants-like garment) : Naha City Historical Museum"
1549:
Mass suicides on Saipan and Tinian, 1944 : an examination of the civilian deaths in historical context
914:
2698:
2543:
2352:
2331:
2302:
2268:
2121:
1997:
1957:
137:) and East Asia; they held their relationship with China as especially important. The development of the
2227:
199:, alongside the style of headgear, was used to distinguish the social status and rank of the wearer.
2078:
Transnationalism in ancient and medieval societies : the role of cross-border trade and travel
2646:
2508:
2457:
2408:
2173:
1575:
902:
775:), a form of pleated underskirt, is believed to have been worn under a ceremonial attire called
1698:
Native peoples of the world : an encyclopedia of groups, cultures, and contemporary issues
1381:– a lined or padded winter wear for both men and women; it was a form of formal wear in winter.
872:
was also worn as a ceremonial costume for women who came from warrior families. The wearing of
675:
a golden seal and official garments. (Until the Qing dynasty, these were Ming-style garments.)
155:, demonstrating a combination of Chinese and Japanese influences along with local originality.
2666:
2634:
2624:
2496:
2486:
2445:
2435:
2396:
2386:
2161:
2151:
2092:
2082:
2054:
2044:
1928:
1870:
1840:
1830:
1802:
1712:
1702:
1563:
1553:
698:
688:
598:
448:
was worn by both men and women during winter and summer, and its value equalled that of silk.
102:
71:
55:
1924:
Intangible cultural heritage in Japan : Bingata, a traditional dyed textile from Okinawa
407:
1794:
749:-style caps with varying colours according to the official ranks of its wearer. The use of
741:
King Shō Shin was also the first to established a headwear system composed of hairpins and
1896:
1479:
106:
2719:
2623:. Stewart Curry, Leon Angelo Serafim, Shigehisa Karimata, Moriyo Shimabukuro. Honolulu.
1042:
1038:
590:
122:
1616:
2743:
631:
2207:
1521:
2485:. Rogelio Saenz, David G. Embrick, Néstor Rodriguez. Dordrecht. 2015. p. 228.
1448:, a coloured hat worn by women when performing a traditional Okinawan dance called
1285:– a pleated skirt with a long train; it was reserved for ladies of the upper class.
1093:
627:
21:
1829:. Philippe De Montebello. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 122–123.
723:
712:
594:
535:
2150:. Masahide Ishihara, Eiichi Hoshino, Yōko Fujita. Singapore. 2016. p. 56.
1798:
2400:
1567:
920:
496:
286:
2500:
2449:
2353:"Royal Crown (With an ornamental hairpin) : Naha City Historical Museum"
2165:
2114:"Royal Crown (With an ornamental hairpin) : Naha City Historical Museum"
2096:
2058:
1932:
1867:
Flowers, Dragons & Pine Trees Asian Textiles in the Spencer Museum of Art
1806:
1782:
1716:
1701:. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference, an imprint of M.E. Sharpe, Inc. p. 235.
702:
2638:
2209:
A Bridge between Myriad Lands: The Ryukyu Kingdom and Ming China (1372-1526)
1844:
1068:
830:, it is noted that both Ryukyuan men and women wore an upper garment called
744:
507:
is also very light, mobile and loosely-tailored compared to the kimono. The
134:
2380:
1547:
1419:
1049:
635:
2480:
2429:
2145:
2076:
2038:
1696:
682:
2618:
1824:
836:(a type of court clothing). Male undergarments consisted of a white silk
272:
1271:, it is worn women by women when performing traditional Ryukyuan dance,
1225:– a cross-collared upper garment. For women, it was worn along with the
193:
During the Ryukyu Kingdom period, the colour, fabric, and design of the
163:
1332:
608:
586:
223:
130:
2382:
Resistant Islands : Okinawa Confronts Japan and the United States
2261:"Chinese style ceremonial costume. : Naha City Historical Museum"
380:. Only men of royalty and from the warring class were allowed to wear
259:
could only be afforded by the people who had a rank and were wealthy.
2691:"Lined costume in BINGATA dyeing. : Naha City Historical Museum"
2295:"Costume: Red ground satin. Silk. : Naha City Historical Museum"
1922:
1474:
1242:
478:
422:
305:
282:
152:
1950:"Lined Costume in BINGATA dyeing : Naha City Historical Museum"
2720:"Dance & Music Elements | Senju Kai Hawaii ~ Okinawan Heritage"
2667:"Feature Exhibition: TEWAZA Recreating Ryukyuan Handicraft Culture"
2588:
1927:. Great Britain: University College London (University of London).
1499:
1079:
and the ways of folding it were strictly regulated by rigid rules.
2482:
The international handbook of the demography of race and ethnicity
1467:
661:
652:
640:
602:
597:, Buddhism was introduced to the Ryukyuan Kingdom from Japan. The
469:
written in the 18th century by Japanese Confucian Tobe Yoshihiro.
162:
146:
20:
817:
was a winter ceremonial clothing worn by the Ryukyuan kings. The
958:; 'jewelled crown'). Replica of the crown of the Kings of Ryukyu
884:
continued to be worn in Ryukyu at least until the Meiji period.
454:
was also used in the making of official garments, according the
395:
126:
2385:. Satoko Oka Norimatsu (Second ed.). Lanham. p. 251.
2536:"Costume in BINGATA dyeing : Naha City Historical Museum"
1056:
2324:"Costume in BINGATA dyed. : Naha City Historical Museum"
2434:. Lina Terrell, Robert N. Huey. Honolulu. pp. 128–129.
1305:
was also worn by the king during his enthronement under the
271:
is brightly-coloured, commonly using red dye derived from
2040:
The origins of banana-fibre cloth in the Ryukyus, Japan
684:
The origins of banana-fibre cloth in the Ryukyus, Japan
1449:
1443:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1280:
1272:
1250:
1240:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1204:
1198:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1150:
1144:
1074:
1066:
1047:
971:
947:
935:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
837:
831:
818:
812:
811:), which was gifted by the Ming dynasty emperors. The
800:
788:
776:
764:
750:
742:
733:
727:
665:
644:
606:
539:
508:
502:
494:
488:
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443:
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399:
389:
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327:
309:
299:
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215:
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174:
168:
138:
116:
110:
95:
87:
63:
47:
38:
32:
26:
1465:
983:
982:) which covers the upper body. Illustration from the
825:
650:
433:
308:: it is a two-piece garment attire which consists of
144:
2565:"Okinawa traditional actress Stage props explained"
1658:
VISIT OKINAWA JAPAN | Official Okinawa Travel Guide
1293:– a pleated underskirt for women; it was worn with
1000:
Traditional clothing of the Ryukyuan people, 1800s.
530:
Buddhist monk dress, Ryukyu Kingdoms, 19th century.
2431:The Ryukyu Kingdom : cornerstone of East Asia
1522:"琉装(ウチナースガイ) とは 【セットアップ、民族衣装】｜モダリーナのアパレル・ファッション図鑑"
1319:– a summer robe worn by women of the royal family.
630:were established in 1372 by the three kingdoms of
190:classes would wear robes which were ankle-length.
493:also uses a thin waistband instead of the wider
1013:
672:
545:
455:
405:
221:
2147:Self-determinable Development of Small Islands
1654:"10 Must-Try Traditional Okinawan Experiences"
1020:
977:
953:
941:
843:
806:
794:
782:
770:
552:
462:
414:
363:
357:
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230:
2589:"Ryukyu Buyo Dance | URASHIMA DINNER THEATER"
1389:– a lined winter robe which could be made of
304:for women is intended to be shorter than the
8:
2081:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland. p. 151.
1256:
1132:Traditional Ryukyuan clothes, 19th century.
622:Tributary relationship with China and Japan
558:
236:
43:(pleated skirt – not shown in the picture).
2651:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2513:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2462:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2413:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2226:Fitzgerald, Kurie; Zongker, Brett (2016).
2178:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1580:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1783:"The Ryūkyū Islands: Some Notes on Dress"
1552:. Jefferson, North Carolina. p. 48.
2695:www.rekishi-archive.city.naha.okinawa.jp
2540:www.rekishi-archive.city.naha.okinawa.jp
2357:www.rekishi-archive.city.naha.okinawa.jp
2328:www.rekishi-archive.city.naha.okinawa.jp
2299:www.rekishi-archive.city.naha.okinawa.jp
2265:www.rekishi-archive.city.naha.okinawa.jp
2118:www.rekishi-archive.city.naha.okinawa.jp
1994:www.rekishi-archive.city.naha.okinawa.jp
1954:www.rekishi-archive.city.naha.okinawa.jp
1065:From 1681, men of ranks started to wear
854:and trousers as undergarments under his
525:
394:can be made of high quality plain weave
1491:
1415:
1098:
886:
326:; cross-collar upper body garment) and
2644:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2530:
2528:
2506:
2455:
2406:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2221:
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2108:
2106:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
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513:is generally shorter than the kimono.
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2473:
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2249:
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2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
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2140:
2138:
2070:
2068:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1865:Dusenbury, Mary; Bier, Carol (2004).
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1818:
1816:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1611:
368:), can also be worn loosely over the
7:
2043:. Leuven : Leuven University Press.
1781:Nordquist, Barbara K. (1978-01-01).
1690:
1688:
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1682:
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1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
726:with 5-clawed dragon motifs (called
687:. Leuven : Leuven University Press.
1869:. Hudson Hills Press. p. 240.
1823:Metropolitan Museum of Art (1984).
1027:, possibly beginning of Edo period.
1407:. It was worn by the royal family.
105:, is the traditional dress of the
14:
1903:. Translated by Melissa M. Rinne.
626:Tributary relationships with the
386:and trousers as an undergarment.
295:were also imported from Fujian.
16:Traditional clothing of Okinawans
1436:
1427:
1418:
1190:
1160:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1083:Annexation of the Ryukyu Kingdom
1005:
993:
963:
928:
913:
901:
889:
1826:Notable acquisitions, 1983-1984
717:
344:; a pleated skirt). A woven or
275:, the most important colour in
167:Illustration of woman wearing
1:
2206:KIT, CHAN YING (2010-08-16).
1695:Daner, Steven Lauren (2013).
1215:Types of garment and headwear
1450:
1444:
1403:
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1391:
1385:
1377:
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1281:
1273:
1251:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1205:
1199:
1181:
1175:
1169:
1155:(court dress), 19th century.
1151:
1145:
1120:Princess dress, 19th century
972:
948:
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48:
39:
37:(top), and possibly a white
33:
27:
2075:Howard, Michael C. (2012).
2037:Hendrickx, Katrien (2007).
1546:Astroth, Alexander (2019).
1466:
1241:
1075:
1067:
1048:
1014:
984:
896:King of Chūzan and his sons
826:
751:
743:
681:Hendrickx, Katrien (2007).
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145:
143:was influenced by both the
139:
117:
111:
88:
2766:
2617:Sakihara, Mitsugu (2006).
1921:Sarashima, Sumiko (2013).
1897:"Ryukyu and Ainu Textiles"
1799:10.1179/036121178805298829
1108:Ryukyu people, Edo period.
1012:Ryukyuan people, from the
978:
954:
942:
844:
807:
795:
783:
771:
649:, known in Chinese as the
501:worn with the kimono. The
364:
358:
334:
316:
220:for women is based on the
121:became popular during the
59:
2379:McCormack, Gavan (2018).
1021:
553:
463:
415:
340:
322:
231:
75:
2428:Akamine, Mamoru (2017).
1395:; it was worn on top of
589:'s reign (1187–1237) to
970:Ryukyu clothing called
634:. In 1372, the King of
159:Construction and design
2671:Kyushu National Museum
709:
531:
180:
44:
2517:) CS1 maint: others (
2182:) CS1 maint: others (
1901:Kyoto National Museum
1621:okinawatravelinfo.com
1500:"琉装の魅力 | veni レンタル琉装"
1352:Tamanchaabui/ Hibekan
1324:Tamanchaabui/ Hibekan
1167:Ryukyu woman wearing
1149:(ordinary dress) and
985:Zhongshan chuanxin lu
860:. The combination of
827:Zhongshan chuanxin lu
657:, a jewelled crown).
641:Ming dynasty clothing
529:
473:Differences to kimono
435:Zhongshan chuanxin lu
166:
123:Ryukyu Kingdom period
24:
208:differ from women's
1895:Shigeki, Kawakami.
1046:pay tribute to the
1015:Sekaijimbutsu emaki
25:Female dancer in a
1361:was worn over the
660:From the reign of
544:, under the entry
532:
253:style of dyework.
181:
93:) and referred as
85:, also written as
45:
31:(outer wear), red
2750:Japanese clothing
2492:978-90-481-8891-8
2441:978-0-8248-5520-8
2392:978-1-4422-1563-4
2157:978-981-10-0132-1
2088:978-0-7864-9033-2
2050:978-94-6166-049-7
1708:978-0-7656-8294-9
1559:978-1-4766-7456-8
946:), also known as
787:), also known as
694:978-94-6166-049-7
617:14th–16th century
585:From the time of
440:Records on Chûzan
62:), also known as
2757:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2724:Senju Kai Hawaii
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2697:. Archived from
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2650:
2642:
2614:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2542:. Archived from
2532:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2504:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2453:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2404:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2330:. Archived from
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2301:. Archived from
2291:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2267:. Archived from
2257:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2212:(Thesis thesis).
2203:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2169:
2142:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2120:. Archived from
2110:
2101:
2100:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2034:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
1996:. Archived from
1986:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1956:. Archived from
1946:
1937:
1936:
1918:
1905:
1904:
1892:
1881:
1880:
1862:
1849:
1848:
1820:
1811:
1810:
1778:
1721:
1720:
1692:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1650:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1613:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1571:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1496:
1471:
1453:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1380:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1337:– also known as
1336:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1208:
1202:
1194:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1164:
1154:
1148:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1090:Meiji government
1078:
1072:
1053:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1009:
997:
987:
981:
980:
975:
967:
957:
956:
951:
945:
944:
939:
932:
917:
905:
893:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
847:
846:
841:
835:
829:
822:
816:
810:
809:
804:
798:
797:
792:
786:
785:
780:
774:
773:
768:
754:
748:
737:
731:
721:
720: 1477–1527
719:
707:
706:
669:
656:
648:
612:
574:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
556:
555:
549:
543:
522:Pre-14th century
512:
506:
500:
492:
486:
468:
466:
465:
459:
453:
447:
437:
430:
420:
418:
417:
411:
403:
393:
385:
379:
373:
367:
366:
361:
360:
355:
350:garment, called
349:
343:
342:
337:
336:
331:
325:
324:
319:
318:
313:
303:
294:
281:, imported from
280:
270:
264:
258:
252:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
234:
233:
227:
219:
213:
207:
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150:
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120:
114:
99:
91:
84:
83:
69:
61:
53:
42:
36:
30:
2765:
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2740:
2739:
2738:
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2728:
2726:
2718:
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2713:
2704:
2702:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2675:
2673:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2643:
2631:
2616:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2595:
2593:www.urashima.jp
2587:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2571:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2549:
2547:
2534:
2533:
2526:
2505:
2493:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2454:
2442:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2405:
2393:
2378:
2377:
2370:
2361:
2359:
2351:
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2346:
2337:
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2322:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2306:
2293:
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2283:
2274:
2272:
2259:
2258:
2245:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2205:
2204:
2191:
2170:
2158:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2089:
2074:
2073:
2066:
2051:
2036:
2035:
2012:
2003:
2001:
1988:
1987:
1972:
1963:
1961:
1948:
1947:
1940:
1920:
1919:
1908:
1894:
1893:
1884:
1877:
1864:
1863:
1852:
1837:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1780:
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1724:
1709:
1694:
1693:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1634:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1589:
1572:
1560:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1480:Kariyushi shirt
1462:
1455:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1217:
1210:
1195:
1186:
1185:, 19th century.
1165:
1156:
1142:
1133:
1130:
1121:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1085:
1041:subjugated the
1035:
1028:
1018:
1010:
1001:
998:
989:
968:
959:
933:
924:
918:
909:
906:
897:
894:
716:
708:
695:
680:
679:
624:
619:
570:
567:
564:
561:
550:
524:
519:
475:
460:
425:fibre textile.
412:
248:
245:
242:
239:
228:
161:
107:Ryukyuan people
76:
28:bingata watansu
17:
12:
11:
5:
2763:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2735:
2711:
2682:
2658:
2629:
2604:
2580:
2556:
2524:
2491:
2469:
2440:
2420:
2391:
2368:
2344:
2315:
2281:
2243:
2232:museum.gwu.edu
2215:
2189:
2156:
2134:
2102:
2087:
2064:
2049:
2010:
1970:
1938:
1906:
1882:
1875:
1850:
1835:
1812:
1722:
1707:
1670:
1632:
1587:
1558:
1538:
1526:ファッション検索 モダリーナ
1520:FishTail,Inc.
1512:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1442:
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1426:
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1417:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1382:
1374:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1286:
1278:
1248:
1238:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1209:, 19th century
1196:
1189:
1187:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1119:
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1084:
1081:
1034:
1031:
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1029:
1011:
1004:
1002:
999:
992:
990:
969:
962:
960:
934:
927:
925:
919:
912:
910:
907:
900:
898:
895:
888:
693:
677:
623:
620:
618:
615:
605:'s reign with
523:
520:
518:
515:
474:
471:
398:fabric called
160:
157:
82:
79:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2762:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2701:on 2022-04-10
2700:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2683:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2630:0-8248-3051-2
2626:
2622:
2621:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2546:on 2022-04-10
2545:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2529:
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2520:
2516:
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2498:
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2402:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2334:on 2022-04-10
2333:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2305:on 2022-04-10
2304:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2271:on 2022-04-10
2270:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2254:
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2250:
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2233:
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2222:
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2200:
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2185:
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2175:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2124:on 2022-04-10
2123:
2119:
2115:
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2098:
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2041:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2000:on 2022-04-10
1999:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1960:on 2022-04-10
1959:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1939:
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1930:
1926:
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1917:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1876:9781555952389
1872:
1868:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1836:0-87099-387-9
1832:
1828:
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1691:
1689:
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1679:
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1660:(in Japanese)
1659:
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1639:
1637:
1633:
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1528:(in Japanese)
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1502:(in Japanese)
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1239:
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1214:
1207:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1163:
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1147:
1140:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1099:
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1095:
1091:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1043:Ryuku islands
1040:
1032:
1016:
1008:
1003:
996:
991:
986:
974:
966:
961:
950:
938:
931:
926:
922:
916:
911:
908:King Shō Shin
904:
899:
892:
887:
885:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
840:
834:
828:
821:
815:
803:
791:
779:
767:
761:
757:
753:
747:
746:
739:
736:
730:
725:
714:
713:King Shō Shin
704:
700:
696:
690:
686:
685:
676:
671:
668:
663:
658:
655:
654:
647:
642:
637:
633:
629:
621:
616:
614:
611:
610:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
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576:
548:
542:
537:
528:
521:
516:
514:
511:
505:
499:
498:
491:
485:
480:
472:
470:
458:
452:
446:
441:
436:
429:
424:
410:
409:
402:
397:
392:
387:
384:
378:
372:
354:
348:
330:
312:
307:
302:
296:
293:
288:
284:
279:
274:
269:
263:
257:
226:
225:
218:
212:
206:
200:
197:
191:
187:
177:
171:
165:
158:
156:
154:
149:
148:
141:
136:
132:
128:
124:
119:
113:
108:
104:
100:
98:
92:
90:
80:
77:
73:
68:
67:
57:
52:
51:
41:
35:
29:
23:
19:
2727:. Retrieved
2723:
2714:
2703:. Retrieved
2699:the original
2694:
2685:
2674:. Retrieved
2670:
2661:
2619:
2596:. Retrieved
2592:
2583:
2572:. Retrieved
2569:Japan Update
2568:
2559:
2548:. Retrieved
2544:the original
2539:
2481:
2430:
2423:
2381:
2360:. Retrieved
2356:
2347:
2336:. Retrieved
2332:the original
2327:
2318:
2307:. Retrieved
2303:the original
2298:
2273:. Retrieved
2269:the original
2264:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:
2208:
2146:
2126:. Retrieved
2122:the original
2117:
2077:
2039:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:the original
1993:
1962:. Retrieved
1958:the original
1953:
1923:
1900:
1866:
1825:
1793:(1): 66–75.
1790:
1786:
1697:
1662:. Retrieved
1657:
1624:. Retrieved
1620:
1548:
1541:
1530:. Retrieved
1525:
1515:
1504:. Retrieved
1494:
1094:Japanization
1086:
1064:
1061:
1036:
1033:17th century
949:Tama-nchabui
923:, 1713–1751.
921:King Shō Kei
762:
758:
740:
724:Dragon robes
710:
683:
673:
659:
628:Ming dynasty
625:
587:King Shunten
584:
581:
577:
533:
476:
457:Ōshima hikki
439:
388:
297:
246:red patterns
201:
192:
182:
94:
86:
65:
49:
46:
18:
1247:– trousers.
536:Han dynasty
421:, which is
60:ウチナースガイ/沖繩姿
50:Ucinaasugai
2729:2022-01-08
2705:2022-01-09
2676:2022-01-09
2598:2022-01-08
2574:2022-01-08
2550:2022-01-09
2401:1089884872
2362:2021-12-26
2338:2021-12-24
2309:2021-12-24
2275:2021-12-24
2237:2021-12-24
2128:2021-12-26
2004:2021-12-24
1964:2021-12-24
1664:2021-12-24
1626:2021-12-24
1568:1049791315
1532:2022-12-19
1506:2022-12-07
1486:References
1266:flower hat
603:King Satto
591:King Gihon
298:A form of
173:(top) and
2647:cite book
2509:cite book
2501:910845577
2458:cite book
2450:964698884
2409:cite book
2174:cite book
2166:952246912
2097:779849477
2059:715172043
1933:894605306
1807:0361-2112
1717:827552799
1576:cite book
1451:Yotsudake
1340:hibenfuku
1282:Hooikakan
1274:Yotsudake
1076:hachimaki
1069:hachimaki
790:hibenfuku
752:hachimaki
745:hachimaki
703:715172043
595:King Eiso
538:. In the
135:Palembang
2744:Category
2639:65175498
1845:11749880
1460:See also
1445:Hanagasa
1367:and red
1358:Touishou
1333:Touishou
1308:Touishou
1299:. A red
1252:Hanagasa
1234:touishou
1203:made of
857:touishou
820:touishou
814:touishou
778:touishou
763:The red
678:—
653:wushamao
273:cinnabar
179:(skirt).
151:and the
103:Okinawan
97:ushinchi
72:Japanese
56:Okinawan
1412:Gallery
1392:bingata
1386:Watansu
1378:Watajin
1346:umanton
1316:Tanashi
1260:
1206:bingata
1200:watansu
1197:Ryukyu
1170:watansu
1039:Satsuma
988:, 1721.
937:Hibekan
802:umanton
735:umanshā
729:umantun
667:Yuraiki
609:hajichi
568:weaving
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