63:
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in the vicinity of the test site. Armoured hardware and approximately 50 aircraft were also brought to the testing grounds as well as over 1,500 animals to test the bomb's effects on life. In a sector of artillery about 100 guns and mortars were placed at distances ranging from 250 to 1,800 meters
398:
notified the world of the situation on 23 September 1949: "We have evidence that within recent weeks an atomic explosion occurred in the U.S.S.R." Truman's statement likely in turn surprised the
Soviets, who had hoped to keep the test a secret to avoid encouraging the Americans to increase their
336:
from ground zero. At distances 500 to 550 meters from ground zero artillery pieces were either totally destroyed or needed factory repair. The resulting data showed the RDS explosion to be 50% more destructive than originally estimated by its engineers.
357:
This chart from
September 1949 shows the United States Weather Bureau's prediction for where the Soviet Union first tested its atomic bomb in 1949. Each colored zone indicates the probability that the bomb was detonated within that
269:
377:
in Alaska. The plane collected some debris during this flight. This data was then cross-checked with data from later flights, and it was determined that the Soviet Union had effectively tested a nuclear weapon.
261:, then at the time officially known as "Laboratory № 2" but designated as the "office" or "base" in internal documents, starting in April 1946. Plutonium for the bomb was produced at the industrial complex
386:
The test surprised the
Western powers. American intelligence had estimated that the Soviets would not produce an atomic weapon until 1953, while the British did not expect it until 1954. When the
369:
weather reconnaissance aircraft were fitted with special filters to collect atmospheric radioactive debris. On 3 September 1949, the Air Force Office of Atomic Energy had a WB-29 fly from
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963:
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407:, that had just begun. Once the Soviet Union was confirmed to be in possession of the atomic bomb, pressure mounted to develop the first
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366:
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Five RDS-1 weapons were completed as a pilot series by March 1950 with a serial production of the weapon that began in
December 1951.
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1127:
795:
Bukharin, Oleg; Kadyshev, Timur; Miasnikov, Eugene; Sutyagin, Igor; Tarasenko, Maxim; Zhelezov, Boris (2001). Podvig, Pavel (ed.).
200:
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To test the effects of the new weapon, workers constructed houses made of wood and bricks, along with a bridge, and a simulated
1162:
949:
1147:
914:
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Aldrich, Richard J. (July 1998). "British
Intelligence and the Anglo-American 'Special Relationship' during the Cold War".
503:
62:
1142:
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Scientists succeeded in producing weapon-grade plutonium in April 1949 which was used in the first Soviet atomic bomb
536:
986:
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321:
204:
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312:) but rejected it because of the known reliability of the Fat Man type design, the Soviets having received
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374:
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from the test were detected by the U.S. Air Force, the United States began to follow the trail of the
215:
There are several explanations for the Soviet code-name of RDS-1, usually an arbitrary designation: a
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399:
atomic programs, and did not know that the United States had built a test-detection system using the
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184:
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Khalturin, Vitaly I.; Rautian, Tatyana G.; Richards, Paul G.; Leith, William S. (1 January 2005).
353:
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703:
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Goncharov, German A; Ryabev, Lev D (2001). "The development of the first Soviet atomic bomb".
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826:"U.S. Intelligence and the Detection of the First Soviet Nuclear Test, September 1949"
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U.S. Intelligence and the
Detection of the First Soviet Nuclear Test, September 1949
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core. The bomb designers had developed a more sophisticated design (tested later as
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568:"A Review of Nuclear Testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955–1990"
69:
The first Soviet atomic bomb, "RDS-1", was an implosion-type, like the U.S. "
36:
23:
305:
249:). Later weapons were also designated RDS but with different model numbers.
216:
941:
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404:
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served as the chairman of the commission in charge of the RDS-1 testing.
301:
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289:
70:
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Bukharin, Oleg; Podvig, Pavel
Leonardovich; Hippel, Frank Von (2004).
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195:. It was detonated on 29 August 1949 at 7:00 a.m., at the
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203:, after top-secret research and development as part of the
915:"The Truman Administration During 1949: A Chronology"
165:
504:"Dette er stedet der Sovjet testet atombombene sine"
1082:
1073:
1026:
1017:
979:
900:, William Burr, Washington, D.C., 22 September 2009
670:. Closed Nuclear Cities Partnership. Archived from
272:
The mushroom cloud from the first RDS-1 test (1949)
118:
105:
100:
92:
82:
53:
296:'s insistence, the RDS-1 bomb was designed as an
73:" bomb, even in appearance; the front "eyes" are
320:, which was discovered in the espionage case of
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889:
403:. The announcement was a turning point in the
187:. The United States assigned it the code-name
1173:Cold War military history of the Soviet Union
957:
240:
230:
220:
153:
8:
783:First Soviet atomic bomb. Film report (1949)
804:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
1079:
1023:
964:
950:
942:
50:
917:. Harry S. Truman Library. Archived from
908:
906:
316:on the design of the Fat Man bomb during
300:, similar to the Fat Man bomb dropped on
502:Kjelstrup, Christian (11 August 2013).
468:
174:
7:
668:"Nuclear weapon production at Mayak"
478:"The Soviet Nuclear Weapons Program"
476:Sublette, Carey (12 December 1997).
179:), was the nuclear bomb used in the
535:Righter, Rosemary (31 July 2002).
14:
1168:Nuclear bombs of the Soviet Union
987:Soviet program of nuclear weapons
798:Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces
699:Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces
304:, Japan; RDS-1 also had a solid
239:), or "Russia does it herself" (
222:Реактивный двигатель специальный
1158:1949 in international relations
913:Geselbracht, Raymond H. (ed.).
852:Review of International Studies
646:10.1070/pu2001v044n01abeh000875
257:The weapon was designed at the
227:Reaktivnyi Dvigatel Spetsialnyi
1153:Soviet nuclear weapons testing
512:(in Norwegian). Archived from
1:
575:Science & Global Security
229:), or "Stalin's Jet Engine" (
724:"Rosenberg Trial Transcript"
232:Реактивный двигатель Сталина
176:[ˈpʲervəjəˈmolnʲɪjə]
237:Reaktivnyi Dvigatel Stalina
166:
1194:
1178:August 1949 events in Asia
702:. MIT Press. p. 441.
457:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
322:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
205:Soviet atomic bomb project
864:10.1017/S0260210598003313
595:10.1080/08929880590961862
537:"The nuclear guinea pigs"
241:
231:
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154:
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93:Place of origin
60:
16:First Soviet nuclear bomb
1133:1949 in military history
1128:1949 in the Soviet Union
757:National Security Agency
482:nuclearweaponarchive.org
388:nuclear fission products
587:2005S&GS...13....1K
364:United States Air Force
197:Semipalatinsk Test Site
1163:Nuclear weapons policy
973:Soviet nuclear weapons
728:www.famous-trials.com/
375:Eielson Air Force Base
359:
314:extensive intelligence
273:
219:"Special Jet Engine" (
66:
1148:Nuclear proliferation
356:
349:Detection by the West
298:implosion type weapon
271:
65:
37:50.43750°N 77.81417°E
763:on 18 September 2021
382:Response in the West
284:, similar to the US
247:Rossiya Delayet Sama
638:2001PhyU...44...71G
541:www.kazakhembus.com
401:WB-29 Superfortress
259:Kurchatov Institute
185:nuclear weapon test
33: /
1143:August 1949 events
1138:Explosions in 1949
674:on 9 November 2013
394:debris. President
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242:Россия делает сама
191:, in reference to
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42:50.43750; 77.81417
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1109:
1106:
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1068:
830:nsarchive.gwu.edu
749:"Venona Decrypts"
709:978-0-262-66181-2
516:on 14 August 2013
509:Dagens Næringsliv
340:Mikhail Pervukhin
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148:(device 501) and
144:), also known as
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811:978-02621-6202-9
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759:. Archived from
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543:. Archived from
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280:was 22 kilotons
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547:on 16 July 2007
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392:nuclear fallout
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371:Misawa Air Base
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324:and during the
294:Lavrentiy Beria
278:explosive yield
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155:Пе́рвая мо́лния
150:First Lightning
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938:External links
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1099:(Tsar Bomba)
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923:. Retrieved
919:the original
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833:. Retrieved
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672:the original
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632:(1): 71–93.
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549:. Retrieved
545:the original
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518:. Retrieved
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448:(Tsar Bomba)
385:
373:in Japan to
361:
344:
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318:World War II
275:
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181:Soviet Union
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146:Izdeliye 501
145:
133:
131:
126:(92 TJ)
96:Soviet Union
18:
802:(hardcover)
753:www.nsa.gov
253:Description
75:radar fuzes
40: /
1117:Categories
1002:Kazakhstan
767:20 October
733:20 October
463:References
292:bombs. At
276:The RDS-1
201:Kazakh SSR
28:77°48′51″E
25:50°26′15″N
1049:(Tatyana)
925:13 August
880:146376661
678:13 August
654:250800226
611:122069080
603:0892-9882
551:13 August
520:13 August
487:13 August
306:plutonium
217:backronym
211:Etymology
183:'s first
161:romanized
980:Programs
872:20097530
835:18 April
415:See also
405:Cold War
302:Nagasaki
122:22
109:4.6 tons
1097:RDS-220
1038:(Joe-1)
1019:Fission
1007:Belarus
997:Ukraine
634:Bibcode
583:Bibcode
290:Fat Man
138:Russian
71:Fat Man
1092:RDS-37
1062:RDS-27
992:Russia
878:
870:
808:
706:
652:
609:
601:
441:RDS-37
436:RDS-6s
286:Gadget
55:RDS-1
1058:RDS-5
1053:RDS-4
1047:RDS-3
1042:RDS-2
1036:RDS-1
876:S2CID
868:JSTOR
650:S2CID
607:S2CID
571:(PDF)
446:AN602
431:RDS-4
426:RDS-3
421:RDS-2
367:WB-29
362:Some
358:area.
310:RDS-2
189:Joe-1
142:РДС-1
134:RDS-1
927:2016
837:2017
806:ISBN
769:2019
735:2019
704:ISBN
680:2016
599:ISSN
553:2016
522:2016
489:2016
288:and
172:IPA:
132:The
106:Mass
83:Type
860:doi
642:doi
591:doi
1119::
905:^
888:^
874:.
866:.
856:24
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751:.
726:.
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628:.
605:.
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411:.
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245:,
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225:,
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199:,
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124:kt
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862::
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644::
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163::
136:(
77:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
